In the last few decades, more attention has been focussed on water treatment. In this study, an advanced catalyst Pd-doped ZnO-CdS nanocomposite was prepared using the photo deposition method. The structure and morphology of the obtained material were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), examining optical properties using UV-visible spectroscopy. Results of absorption show broader bands with moderated energy band gaps and improved photocatalytic properties. The photocatalytic applications show that the increase in amount of pd/ZnO-CdS nanocomposites up to 0.4 g/L increase the number of active site, but beyond 0.4 g/L there is little increase in % degradation. Therefore, the best catalyst at 0.4 g/L was used to remove BG dye. Photo catalytic activity increase was observed for Pd/ZnO-CdS nanocomposites which is about 86.6%. Photocatalytic degradation efficiency (PDE%) increases as the dye concentration decreases from 86.66% to 26.9 %. It was observed that the photo-catalytic degradation of BG dye was 86.6%–95.8% for the first four cycles. This indicates the good stability of ZnO-CdS/Pd nano-composites and could be potentially applied in the practical batch degradation.
{"title":"Photocatalytic Degradation of Pollutants by Using Highly Surface Pd Doped on ZnO/CdS Nanocomposite: As a Model of Water Treatment","authors":"Mithal N. Mohwes, Khawla K. Jassm, Ayad F. Alkaim","doi":"10.3233/ajw230068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw230068","url":null,"abstract":"In the last few decades, more attention has been focussed on water treatment. In this study, an advanced catalyst Pd-doped ZnO-CdS nanocomposite was prepared using the photo deposition method. The structure and morphology of the obtained material were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), examining optical properties using UV-visible spectroscopy. Results of absorption show broader bands with moderated energy band gaps and improved photocatalytic properties. The photocatalytic applications show that the increase in amount of pd/ZnO-CdS nanocomposites up to 0.4 g/L increase the number of active site, but beyond 0.4 g/L there is little increase in % degradation. Therefore, the best catalyst at 0.4 g/L was used to remove BG dye. Photo catalytic activity increase was observed for Pd/ZnO-CdS nanocomposites which is about 86.6%. Photocatalytic degradation efficiency (PDE%) increases as the dye concentration decreases from 86.66% to 26.9 %. It was observed that the photo-catalytic degradation of BG dye was 86.6%–95.8% for the first four cycles. This indicates the good stability of ZnO-CdS/Pd nano-composites and could be potentially applied in the practical batch degradation.","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Indian cement industry in COP27 highlighted its commitment to achieving net zero CO2 emission by 2070 made during COP26. The industry is moving towards decarbonisation and has identified various levers to achieve the goal. Fossil fuel replacement by Alternative Fuels (AFs) has been identified as one of the levers. Refused Derived Fuel (RDF), surplus biomass, industrial waste, and other societal wastes, etc., have emerged as potential AFs; however, their use comes with technical challenges like transfer chute jamming due to the wide range of variations in their properties. Jammed transfer chute leads to the breakdown of the entire transportation system and further fluctuation in AFs feeding to the kiln/calciner. Fluctuation in the feed rate of the AFs disturbs the fuel mix ratio (mix ratio of fossil fuel and AFs) and ultimately negatively impacts the process, operation, and quality of the produced cement. Transfer chute design is often overlooked, leading to build-up, blockage, and wear in chutes. Designing of transfer chute is more challenging when handling solid alternative fuels in cement plants, as the properties of these fuels have a wide range of variation where moisture may be as high up to 40%, bulk density may vary from 0.1 to 0.75 tonnes/m3, and particle size ranges from 1 to 100 mm, etc. This study covers a survey to establish which types of AFs, and their characteristics contribute to the chute jamming problem. The outcome of this study shall help the Indian cement industry to consider the appropriate inputs for transfer chute design and selection of the correct alternative fuels and their mix to avoid chute jamming.
{"title":"Decarbonising of the Indian Cement Industry Through Alternative Fuels – Challenge of Transfer Chute Jamming","authors":"Kapil Kukreja, Manoj Kumar Soni, Bibekananda Mohapatra, M.V. Ramachandra Rao","doi":"10.3233/ajw230067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw230067","url":null,"abstract":"The Indian cement industry in COP27 highlighted its commitment to achieving net zero CO2 emission by 2070 made during COP26. The industry is moving towards decarbonisation and has identified various levers to achieve the goal. Fossil fuel replacement by Alternative Fuels (AFs) has been identified as one of the levers. Refused Derived Fuel (RDF), surplus biomass, industrial waste, and other societal wastes, etc., have emerged as potential AFs; however, their use comes with technical challenges like transfer chute jamming due to the wide range of variations in their properties. Jammed transfer chute leads to the breakdown of the entire transportation system and further fluctuation in AFs feeding to the kiln/calciner. Fluctuation in the feed rate of the AFs disturbs the fuel mix ratio (mix ratio of fossil fuel and AFs) and ultimately negatively impacts the process, operation, and quality of the produced cement. Transfer chute design is often overlooked, leading to build-up, blockage, and wear in chutes. Designing of transfer chute is more challenging when handling solid alternative fuels in cement plants, as the properties of these fuels have a wide range of variation where moisture may be as high up to 40%, bulk density may vary from 0.1 to 0.75 tonnes/m3, and particle size ranges from 1 to 100 mm, etc. This study covers a survey to establish which types of AFs, and their characteristics contribute to the chute jamming problem. The outcome of this study shall help the Indian cement industry to consider the appropriate inputs for transfer chute design and selection of the correct alternative fuels and their mix to avoid chute jamming.","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135143159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aamal Muhsen Kadhum, Ali S. Moalif, Noor Muhsen Jawad
The inhalation of hazardous fumes from lead containing gasoline in the workplace has become a major public health concern. These gases include extremely dangerous poisons that can induce aberrant changes in the functioning of a variety of essential organs. The current study aimed to estimate the concentration of blood lead level (BLLs) and blood cadmium level in male working gasoline station and compared with healthy people. An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) was used to measure cadmium and lead levels in the blood. The findings of this investigation revealed that there was significant increase in age (P-value = 0.002), mean age of worker station (32.0 ± 11.99) while in the control group (22.85 ± 2.18), the result of blood lead level shown (1.92 ±1.54) in gasoline station while in the control group (1.63 ±0.04) no significant differences was observed (P-value = 0.238). The main of blood cadmium level was 0.005 ±0.0069 in the gasoline station while in the control group (0.069 ±0.011) no significant differences were observed (P- value = 0.5), the smokers (n = 13) has (P > 0.426) mean BLL (21.60 ± 12.88 μg/dL), while non-smoking workers (n = 8) the BLL mean was 15.52 ± 6.80 μg/dL. The results also show that there is a correlation between age and blood lead level while no correlation was observed in blood cadmium level.
{"title":"Lead and Cadmium (Pb, Cd) Levels Determination in the Blood of the Gasoline Station Workers","authors":"Aamal Muhsen Kadhum, Ali S. Moalif, Noor Muhsen Jawad","doi":"10.3233/ajw230066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw230066","url":null,"abstract":"The inhalation of hazardous fumes from lead containing gasoline in the workplace has become a major public health concern. These gases include extremely dangerous poisons that can induce aberrant changes in the functioning of a variety of essential organs. The current study aimed to estimate the concentration of blood lead level (BLLs) and blood cadmium level in male working gasoline station and compared with healthy people. An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) was used to measure cadmium and lead levels in the blood. The findings of this investigation revealed that there was significant increase in age (P-value = 0.002), mean age of worker station (32.0 ± 11.99) while in the control group (22.85 ± 2.18), the result of blood lead level shown (1.92 ±1.54) in gasoline station while in the control group (1.63 ±0.04) no significant differences was observed (P-value = 0.238). The main of blood cadmium level was 0.005 ±0.0069 in the gasoline station while in the control group (0.069 ±0.011) no significant differences were observed (P- value = 0.5), the smokers (n = 13) has (P > 0.426) mean BLL (21.60 ± 12.88 μg/dL), while non-smoking workers (n = 8) the BLL mean was 15.52 ± 6.80 μg/dL. The results also show that there is a correlation between age and blood lead level while no correlation was observed in blood cadmium level.","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135143162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Given the vast amount and higher organic content of waste generated by developing nations such as India, as well as the challenges related to waste management and global warming, controlling methane emissions from such municipal solid waste (MSW) dumpsites becomes a major concern. As a result, studying the characteristics of solid waste dumped and the subsequent emissions of methane (CH4) from a site lacking proper disposal and gas emission management facilities, as is common in developing countries, becomes more important for suggesting appropriate corrective measures. In this study, MSW samples were collected from the Bhandewadi dumping site, a prominent site in Nagpur city and subjected to proximate, ultimate, and biochemical analysis. The results showed that the waste had high moisture content due to the tropical climate of the region which, together with the greater carbon content and organic matter (OM), may be responsible for increased overall greenhouse gas emissions. Biochemical study, on the other hand, revealed lower lignin content when compared with cellulose and hemicellulose, which are key contributors to CH4 emissions. The actual on site measurements using static chamber technique at fresh dumping sites showed that the methane (CH4) flux was between 1 and 14.3 mg m-2 sec-2 and 0.9 to 7.11 g m-3 day-2 at old dumping areas. The study contributes to a better understanding of the amount and unpredictability of methane produced by solid waste in an unmanaged dumping site.
考虑到印度等发展中国家产生的废物数量巨大，有机含量较高，以及与废物管理和全球变暖有关的挑战，控制这些城市固体废物(MSW)垃圾场的甲烷排放成为一个主要问题。因此，研究从缺乏适当处置和气体排放管理设施的场地倾倒的固体废物的特征以及随后的甲烷(CH4)排放(这种情况在发展中国家很常见)，对于提出适当的纠正措施变得更加重要。在这项研究中，从那格浦尔市一个重要的垃圾场bhanddewadi垃圾场收集了生活垃圾样本，并对其进行了近似值、最终值和生化分析。结果表明，由于该地区的热带气候，废物具有较高的水分含量，加上较高的碳含量和有机质(OM)，可能是温室气体总排放量增加的原因。另一方面，生物化学研究表明，与纤维素和半纤维素相比，木质素含量较低，而纤维素和半纤维素是CH4排放的主要贡献者。在新排土场采用静室技术进行的现场实测表明，甲烷(CH4)通量在1 ~ 14.3 mg m-2秒-2之间，在旧排土场为0.9 ~ 7.11 g m-3天-2之间。这项研究有助于更好地了解在一个无人管理的垃圾场中，固体废物产生的甲烷的数量和不可预测性。
{"title":"Characterisation of Waste and Assessment of Surface Methane Emissions by Static Chamber Technique at a Major Dumping Site in Central India","authors":"Tanmay Srivastava, Smita Dutta, M. Suresh Kumar","doi":"10.3233/ajw230060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw230060","url":null,"abstract":"Given the vast amount and higher organic content of waste generated by developing nations such as India, as well as the challenges related to waste management and global warming, controlling methane emissions from such municipal solid waste (MSW) dumpsites becomes a major concern. As a result, studying the characteristics of solid waste dumped and the subsequent emissions of methane (CH4) from a site lacking proper disposal and gas emission management facilities, as is common in developing countries, becomes more important for suggesting appropriate corrective measures. In this study, MSW samples were collected from the Bhandewadi dumping site, a prominent site in Nagpur city and subjected to proximate, ultimate, and biochemical analysis. The results showed that the waste had high moisture content due to the tropical climate of the region which, together with the greater carbon content and organic matter (OM), may be responsible for increased overall greenhouse gas emissions. Biochemical study, on the other hand, revealed lower lignin content when compared with cellulose and hemicellulose, which are key contributors to CH4 emissions. The actual on site measurements using static chamber technique at fresh dumping sites showed that the methane (CH4) flux was between 1 and 14.3 mg m-2 sec-2 and 0.9 to 7.11 g m-3 day-2 at old dumping areas. The study contributes to a better understanding of the amount and unpredictability of methane produced by solid waste in an unmanaged dumping site.","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135146617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study focusses on using a crowbar protection scheme to overcome the symmetrical voltage dips in a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). The crowbar protection scheme is integrated into the wind energy conversion system of the DFIG. The implementation of this scheme provides automated fault ride-through during sudden transients which may otherwise lead to over current faults. The increased use of renewable sources for electricity generation leads to a reduction in pollution which directly benefits the environment. Sustained usage of renewable resources will be beneficial for the environment.
{"title":"Crowbar Protection Scheme for Fault Ride Through in a Doubly-fed Induction Generator","authors":"Sarthak Seth, Kusum Tharani, Sandeep Banerjee, Chaitanya Chhabra, Anshika Verma, Mridul Bhatia","doi":"10.3233/ajw230063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw230063","url":null,"abstract":"This study focusses on using a crowbar protection scheme to overcome the symmetrical voltage dips in a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). The crowbar protection scheme is integrated into the wind energy conversion system of the DFIG. The implementation of this scheme provides automated fault ride-through during sudden transients which may otherwise lead to over current faults. The increased use of renewable sources for electricity generation leads to a reduction in pollution which directly benefits the environment. Sustained usage of renewable resources will be beneficial for the environment.","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135146618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plastic waste is a well-known hazard to the ecosystem due to which many countries are exploring ways to mitigate this polymer from the environment. Various plastic wastes are generated after end use in the form of plastic bottles, plastic bags, bottle caps, straw, plastic cups, etc. These are generally made up of HDPE, LPDE, PP, PET, PS, etc. Therefore, this study focusses to utilise this wastage to make some value-added products. In this context, waste plastic bottles and containers made up of polypropylene and high-density polyethylene were targeted and shredded into small pieces ranging from 1.4 to 2 mm and mixed with additives in the extruder and hydraulic press to make circular sheets that can be used for electrical purposes. During the study, the effect of various process parameters on fabricated circular sheet properties such as tensile strength, melt flow index (MFI), and thermal conductivity were investigated. The developed non-linear theoretical models were found to be in good agreement with the experimental data. The gradient descent method is applied in BBD for estimating the optimum condition for fabricating a circular sheet. Under optimum conditions, the tensile strength and thermal conductivity were found to be 1535 MPa and 0.0312 W/mK, respectively, for the HDPE circular sheet using extrusion. The tensile strength, MFI, and thermal conductivity were determined using a Universal testing machine, melt flow tester (ASTM D1238), and Thermal constant analyser based on ASTM D1350.
{"title":"Experimental Study and Process Optimisation for Fabrication of Circular Sheet Made from Waste PP/HDPE via Extrusion and Hydraulic Press","authors":"Ritu Chaudhary, Sushant Upadhyaya, Vikas Kumar Sangal","doi":"10.3233/ajw230065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw230065","url":null,"abstract":"Plastic waste is a well-known hazard to the ecosystem due to which many countries are exploring ways to mitigate this polymer from the environment. Various plastic wastes are generated after end use in the form of plastic bottles, plastic bags, bottle caps, straw, plastic cups, etc. These are generally made up of HDPE, LPDE, PP, PET, PS, etc. Therefore, this study focusses to utilise this wastage to make some value-added products. In this context, waste plastic bottles and containers made up of polypropylene and high-density polyethylene were targeted and shredded into small pieces ranging from 1.4 to 2 mm and mixed with additives in the extruder and hydraulic press to make circular sheets that can be used for electrical purposes. During the study, the effect of various process parameters on fabricated circular sheet properties such as tensile strength, melt flow index (MFI), and thermal conductivity were investigated. The developed non-linear theoretical models were found to be in good agreement with the experimental data. The gradient descent method is applied in BBD for estimating the optimum condition for fabricating a circular sheet. Under optimum conditions, the tensile strength and thermal conductivity were found to be 1535 MPa and 0.0312 W/mK, respectively, for the HDPE circular sheet using extrusion. The tensile strength, MFI, and thermal conductivity were determined using a Universal testing machine, melt flow tester (ASTM D1238), and Thermal constant analyser based on ASTM D1350.","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Azizul Hakim, Ferdouse Zaman Tanu, Sabrina Sharmeen Alam
Microplastics (MP; <5 mm) and nanoplastics (NP; <1000 nm) are now ubiquitous in nature as they have been released into inland water, lakes, rivers, and marine water through direct discharge, runoff from upland watersheds, and other terrestrial environments. To understand the aggregation of MP and NP in the last decade, surveys and analytical efforts were undertaken. The MP and NP particles in the soil and water environments interact with other natural and engineered nanoparticles, which in turn form aggregates. These plastic particles could form homoaggregates and/or heteroaggregates depending on pH, ionic type, ionic valence, salt concentration, shape and size of the plastic particles, and the polymer type of MP. Differences in MP aggregation due to differences in plastic polymer type are not yet well documented. This review is conducted to investigate the effect of polymer type on the aggregation of MP and NP particles in the presence of various aggregation conditions.
{"title":"Interaction, Adhesion and Aggregation of Microplastic/Nanoplastic Particles: Effects of Plastic Polymer Type","authors":"Azizul Hakim, Ferdouse Zaman Tanu, Sabrina Sharmeen Alam","doi":"10.3233/ajw230061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw230061","url":null,"abstract":"Microplastics (MP; <5 mm) and nanoplastics (NP; <1000 nm) are now ubiquitous in nature as they have been released into inland water, lakes, rivers, and marine water through direct discharge, runoff from upland watersheds, and other terrestrial environments. To understand the aggregation of MP and NP in the last decade, surveys and analytical efforts were undertaken. The MP and NP particles in the soil and water environments interact with other natural and engineered nanoparticles, which in turn form aggregates. These plastic particles could form homoaggregates and/or heteroaggregates depending on pH, ionic type, ionic valence, salt concentration, shape and size of the plastic particles, and the polymer type of MP. Differences in MP aggregation due to differences in plastic polymer type are not yet well documented. This review is conducted to investigate the effect of polymer type on the aggregation of MP and NP particles in the presence of various aggregation conditions.","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135146619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Seybouse Estuary (SE) is the downstream of the second great river in Algeria draining one of the main country’s watersheds (6471 km2, 1.5 million inhabitants). This study highlights the effect of the estuarine part on the distribution and the flux of dissolved nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and silicon (Si) through the SE. Surface water sampling was taken and analysed in the dry (September 2016) and wet (April 2017) seasons. Physical parameters and water discharge data were jointly recorded in parallel to sampling dates. Very low flows varying between 0.3 and 4.7 m3 s-1 were recorded at the outlet in dry and wet seasons, respectively. The SE outlet waters were 2.6 and 10 folds higher than upstream in dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and phosphates (PO4) levels, respectively. However, the silicates (SiO4) levels decreased by about 1/2 in the outlet waters. In terms of flux, the SE delivered to the coast 84 t·yr-1, 9 t·yr-1 and 56 t·yr-1 of DIN, PO4 and SiO4, respectively. The high DIN:PO4 = 137 and low SiO4:DIN = 0.52 molar ratios classify SE as one of the strong anthropised estuaries. The estuarine part amply modifies cycles and budgets of riverine nutrients introduced to the coast.
{"title":"The Transmission Effectiveness of the Dissolved Nutrients (N, P, Si) Through a South Mediterranean Estuary (Seybouse, Algeria) Under Large Anthropogenic Forcing","authors":"Omar Ramzi Ziouch, Tarek Daifallah, Houda Chenaker, Zoubir Moujari, Naouel Dali, Rabeh Zebsa","doi":"10.3233/ajw230059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw230059","url":null,"abstract":"The Seybouse Estuary (SE) is the downstream of the second great river in Algeria draining one of the main country’s watersheds (6471 km2, 1.5 million inhabitants). This study highlights the effect of the estuarine part on the distribution and the flux of dissolved nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and silicon (Si) through the SE. Surface water sampling was taken and analysed in the dry (September 2016) and wet (April 2017) seasons. Physical parameters and water discharge data were jointly recorded in parallel to sampling dates. Very low flows varying between 0.3 and 4.7 m3 s-1 were recorded at the outlet in dry and wet seasons, respectively. The SE outlet waters were 2.6 and 10 folds higher than upstream in dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and phosphates (PO4) levels, respectively. However, the silicates (SiO4) levels decreased by about 1/2 in the outlet waters. In terms of flux, the SE delivered to the coast 84 t·yr-1, 9 t·yr-1 and 56 t·yr-1 of DIN, PO4 and SiO4, respectively. The high DIN:PO4 = 137 and low SiO4:DIN = 0.52 molar ratios classify SE as one of the strong anthropised estuaries. The estuarine part amply modifies cycles and budgets of riverine nutrients introduced to the coast.","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study was conducted with an aim to investigate the seasonal variation in mass concentration of fine particulate matter (PM1), their chemical composition, (water and soluble and non-soluble ions and other elements) and gaseous pollutants (SO2, NO2, CO and O3) at an urban site of Jaipur city in India. During summers, pollutants showed a reduction of 18.97%, 41.95%, 32.32% and 20.56% for PM1, NO2, SO2 and CO, respectively. In contrast, O3 showed an increase of 27%. The substantial reduction was also observed in the levels of secondary aerosols SO4 2- (71.15%), NO3-(21.86%), Cl- (65.63%) and K+ (8.16%). The elemental components Al, B, Be, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Pb showed a reduction in the range of 15.13 % (Al) to 71% (Cu). On the contrary, an increment was found in the levels of Ag (21.95%), Cd (62.5%), Cr (89.74%), Mg (10.43%) and Na (25.32%). Four factors were extracted by principal component analysis (PCA). In addition to the local sources, three stationary sources have been identified as contributing to the pollution load located in the WNW, NE and ENE direction of the site. It can be concluded that pollutant concentration and chemical composition of any area not only depend on the local emission, but nearby stationary sources and meteorology are significant contributors.
{"title":"Seasonal Variations in Chemical Composition and Source Apportionment of Fine Particulate Matter (PM1) in an Urban Site of Jaipur City, Rajasthan","authors":"Shivani Sharma, Charu Jhamaria, Suresh Tiwari, Namrata Singh, Harsha Parwani, Nidhi Rajoria, Tanisha Ameriya, Akanksha Gupta","doi":"10.3233/ajw230064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw230064","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted with an aim to investigate the seasonal variation in mass concentration of fine particulate matter (PM1), their chemical composition, (water and soluble and non-soluble ions and other elements) and gaseous pollutants (SO2, NO2, CO and O3) at an urban site of Jaipur city in India. During summers, pollutants showed a reduction of 18.97%, 41.95%, 32.32% and 20.56% for PM1, NO2, SO2 and CO, respectively. In contrast, O3 showed an increase of 27%. The substantial reduction was also observed in the levels of secondary aerosols SO4 2- (71.15%), NO3-(21.86%), Cl- (65.63%) and K+ (8.16%). The elemental components Al, B, Be, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Pb showed a reduction in the range of 15.13 % (Al) to 71% (Cu). On the contrary, an increment was found in the levels of Ag (21.95%), Cd (62.5%), Cr (89.74%), Mg (10.43%) and Na (25.32%). Four factors were extracted by principal component analysis (PCA). In addition to the local sources, three stationary sources have been identified as contributing to the pollution load located in the WNW, NE and ENE direction of the site. It can be concluded that pollutant concentration and chemical composition of any area not only depend on the local emission, but nearby stationary sources and meteorology are significant contributors.","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Kongeswaran, K. Sivakumar, A. Muruganantham, K. Prabakaran, V. Perumal, V. Agastheeswaran, S. Bangaru Priyanga, R. Muthuramalingam
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the quality of groundwater for drinking and irrigation in the Avudaiyarkoil block of the Pudukottai district, which is a drought-prone region. Samples were collected from 20 wells on January 2021 and analysed for the water quality parameters, such as pH, EC, TDS, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO3, SO4, NO3 and F-. The analysis revealed that SO4 is the dominant ion followed by Cl-, HCO3-, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, NO3- and F- with respect to the mean value 292>234>208.4>125>100>24.75>18>16.15>0.2. The analytical results were compared with WHO and BIS guideline values to know the groundwater potability and TH, TA, SAR, Na%, RSC, PI, MgC and KI were calculated using the analytical results to identify the suitability of groundwater for irrigation purposes.
{"title":"Hydrogeochemical Evaluation of Groundwater for Drinking and Irrigation Purposes in Avudaiyarkoil Block, Pudukkottai District, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"T. Kongeswaran, K. Sivakumar, A. Muruganantham, K. Prabakaran, V. Perumal, V. Agastheeswaran, S. Bangaru Priyanga, R. Muthuramalingam","doi":"10.3233/ajw230053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw230053","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to evaluate the quality of groundwater for drinking and irrigation in the Avudaiyarkoil block of the Pudukottai district, which is a drought-prone region. Samples were collected from 20 wells on January 2021 and analysed for the water quality parameters, such as pH, EC, TDS, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO3, SO4, NO3 and F-. The analysis revealed that SO4 is the dominant ion followed by Cl-, HCO3-, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, NO3- and F- with respect to the mean value 292>234>208.4>125>100>24.75>18>16.15>0.2. The analytical results were compared with WHO and BIS guideline values to know the groundwater potability and TH, TA, SAR, Na%, RSC, PI, MgC and KI were calculated using the analytical results to identify the suitability of groundwater for irrigation purposes.","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46052467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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