Climate change has become the biggest risk to the nutritional and food security of the planet worldwide. Rising temperatures, uneven rainfall, cyclones and droughts are unfavourably impacting agricultural production, which, in turn, is creating an elevated vulnerability to the livelihood of Bangladesh’s huge population. Bangladesh is an agrarian country and almost half of the population depends on agriculture activities as a profession. But the agriculture sector of the country is experiencing adverse impacts at various levels and ways because of climate change-induced natural hazards. The present study was done to explore the salinity intrusion problem, soil fertility and rice production in the study areas. Besides, the authors also discover some indigenous knowledge-based adaptation and coping practices of the farmers for reducing the impact of climate change in the study areas. The study disclosed that salinity intrusion into the surface water recorded at high values everywhere and the quality of the sediments was alarming. According to the experiences of the farmers, knowledge and resources, they looked for adaptation strategies to cope with the changing climatic situation. The study will help to demonstrate adaptation practices by the farmers for reducing the salinity level of the agriculture field which will be effective in the vulnerable areas of other parts of the country and worldwide while the area was affected by the salinisation problem.
{"title":"Adaptation Practices by the Farmers for Reduction of Salinisation Problem in the Paddy Fields of South-Eastern Coast of Bangladesh","authors":"P. Barua, Syed Hafizur Rahman, S. Eslamian","doi":"10.3233/ajw220086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw220086","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change has become the biggest risk to the nutritional and food security of the planet worldwide. Rising temperatures, uneven rainfall, cyclones and droughts are unfavourably impacting agricultural production, which, in turn, is creating an elevated vulnerability to the livelihood of Bangladesh’s huge population. Bangladesh is an agrarian country and almost half of the population depends on agriculture activities as a profession. But the agriculture sector of the country is experiencing adverse impacts at various levels and ways because of climate change-induced natural hazards. The present study was done to explore the salinity intrusion problem, soil fertility and rice production in the study areas. Besides, the authors also discover some indigenous knowledge-based adaptation and coping practices of the farmers for reducing the impact of climate change in the study areas. The study disclosed that salinity intrusion into the surface water recorded at high values everywhere and the quality of the sediments was alarming. According to the experiences of the farmers, knowledge and resources, they looked for adaptation strategies to cope with the changing climatic situation. The study will help to demonstrate adaptation practices by the farmers for reducing the salinity level of the agriculture field which will be effective in the vulnerable areas of other parts of the country and worldwide while the area was affected by the salinisation problem.","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44427606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Four New Reports Set Scene for Discussions on Climate Finance at COP27","authors":"V. Subramanian","doi":"10.3233/ajw220081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw220081","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41933063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The practice of pesticide application in agriculture done in Lebanon deviate from standard agricultural disciplines, raising awareness of their contamination of soil and vegetables as well as their repercussions on microbial communities. To this end, soil and vegetable samples from different pesticide-treated sites were quantified for chlorpyrifos (C) and methomyl (M) residues using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Moreover, clear soil specimens were treated with different concentrations of C, M, and CM assortment to assess their repercussion on the microbial population. High pesticide concentrations were recovered ranging between 31.13 and 53.74 mg/kg in eight agricultural fields, which abate gradually with time. After 20 days of pesticide implementation, their residues were above the maximum residual levels for lettuce, cabbage, tomato, and corn. Soil altered with pesticides showed fluctuation in its microbial community by suppressing some groups while favouring the propagation of tolerant species. Our data indicate the need for the requirement of strict laws to minimise pesticide usage and reduce their impact on soil quality, human health, and non-target organisms.
{"title":"Monitoring of Pesticide Residues in Lebanese Vegetables and Agricultural Soils and Their Impact on Soil Microbiological Properties","authors":"M. Omeiri, Rony S. Khnayzer, H. Yusef","doi":"10.3233/ajw220085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw220085","url":null,"abstract":"The practice of pesticide application in agriculture done in Lebanon deviate from standard agricultural disciplines, raising awareness of their contamination of soil and vegetables as well as their repercussions on microbial communities. To this end, soil and vegetable samples from different pesticide-treated sites were quantified for chlorpyrifos (C) and methomyl (M) residues using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Moreover, clear soil specimens were treated with different concentrations of C, M, and CM assortment to assess their repercussion on the microbial population. High pesticide concentrations were recovered ranging between 31.13 and 53.74 mg/kg in eight agricultural fields, which abate gradually with time. After 20 days of pesticide implementation, their residues were above the maximum residual levels for lettuce, cabbage, tomato, and corn. Soil altered with pesticides showed fluctuation in its microbial community by suppressing some groups while favouring the propagation of tolerant species. Our data indicate the need for the requirement of strict laws to minimise pesticide usage and reduce their impact on soil quality, human health, and non-target organisms.","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42307217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Riverbank filtration system is a technique used for surface water treatment that is based on biological activities to attenuate the contamination in water through its movement from the river to the adjacent pumping well. Hydraulic conductivity is a critical parameter that affects the efficiency of riverbank filtration systems. In this study, an analytical model, using Green’s function approach, is developed to investigate the effect of hydraulic conductivity on contaminant transport and RBF system efficiency. The model is applied at the RBF site in Malaysia. The outcomes show that increasing the hydraulic conductivity values results in lowering the quality of the pumped water produced from the well, in which the contamination area around the well increase. Additionally, the distance from well to the river that should be considered when establishing a new RBF site is significantly affected by the hydraulic conductivity value.
{"title":"Effect of Hydraulic Conductivity on Three Dimensional Contaminant Transport in Riverbank Filtration System","authors":"Shaymaa Mustafa, M. Darwish","doi":"10.3233/ajw220082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw220082","url":null,"abstract":"Riverbank filtration system is a technique used for surface water treatment that is based on biological activities to attenuate the contamination in water through its movement from the river to the adjacent pumping well. Hydraulic conductivity is a critical parameter that affects the efficiency of riverbank filtration systems. In this study, an analytical model, using Green’s function approach, is developed to investigate the effect of hydraulic conductivity on contaminant transport and RBF system efficiency. The model is applied at the RBF site in Malaysia. The outcomes show that increasing the hydraulic conductivity values results in lowering the quality of the pumped water produced from the well, in which the contamination area around the well increase. Additionally, the distance from well to the river that should be considered when establishing a new RBF site is significantly affected by the hydraulic conductivity value.","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43976157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, a novel hybrid algorithm success history-based adaptive differential evolution salp swarm algorithm (SHADE-SSA) is proposed to solve two different cases of IEEE 30 bus reactive power dispatch problems integrated with thermal generators, wind farms and solar photovoltaic plants. Real power loss minimization and voltage deviation minimization are considered as main objectives in the present work. The performance and robustness of the proposed hybrid SHADE-SSA algorithm are compared with the results of five different metaheuristic algorithms for the same test system and consider the same control variables and constraints. The results of the simulation of the proposed algorithm conform to the effective choice for the solution of optimal reactive power dispatch problems of power systems.
{"title":"Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch by Success History Based Adaptive Differential Evolution Salp Swarm Algorithm","authors":"N. Kumar, R. Kumar","doi":"10.3233/ajw220083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw220083","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a novel hybrid algorithm success history-based adaptive differential evolution salp swarm algorithm (SHADE-SSA) is proposed to solve two different cases of IEEE 30 bus reactive power dispatch problems integrated with thermal generators, wind farms and solar photovoltaic plants. Real power loss minimization and voltage deviation minimization are considered as main objectives in the present work. The performance and robustness of the proposed hybrid SHADE-SSA algorithm are compared with the results of five different metaheuristic algorithms for the same test system and consider the same control variables and constraints. The results of the simulation of the proposed algorithm conform to the effective choice for the solution of optimal reactive power dispatch problems of power systems.","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44461735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Poornima G. Hiremath, G. Prashanth, Abdul Bais Kadli, Sheril Varghese, Vishnu V. Bhaskar
In the present work, zirconia nanoparticles were investigated for the adsorption of fluoride from water. The effect of the factor variables viz., the effect of initial fluoride concentration, adsorbent dosage, pH, and contact time and their interactions on adsorption of fluoride ion were investigated by response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD). The maximum fluoride removal was around 95% at 7 pH, initial fluoride concentration of 10 ppm, adsorbent dosage of 12.5 g/L, and contact time at 105 min. To understand the adsorption mechanism of fluoride on to the nanoparticles, adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics were studied. The Langmuir isotherm adsorption model and pseudo-second-order kinetics model fitted well for the fluoride removal using zirconia nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were characterised before and after for their adsorption using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and SEM analysis.
{"title":"Optimisation of Defluoridation of Water by Zirconia Nanoparticles Using RSM","authors":"Poornima G. Hiremath, G. Prashanth, Abdul Bais Kadli, Sheril Varghese, Vishnu V. Bhaskar","doi":"10.3233/ajw220091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw220091","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work, zirconia nanoparticles were investigated for the adsorption of fluoride from water. The effect of the factor variables viz., the effect of initial fluoride concentration, adsorbent dosage, pH, and contact time and their interactions on adsorption of fluoride ion were investigated by response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD). The maximum fluoride removal was around 95% at 7 pH, initial fluoride concentration of 10 ppm, adsorbent dosage of 12.5 g/L, and contact time at 105 min. To understand the adsorption mechanism of fluoride on to the nanoparticles, adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics were studied. The Langmuir isotherm adsorption model and pseudo-second-order kinetics model fitted well for the fluoride removal using zirconia nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were characterised before and after for their adsorption using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and SEM analysis.","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42786095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renewable Energy Sources (RES) have always been seen as a sustainable and environment-friendly solution to the energy needs of the globe. It is a club of many sources that have been explored widely in the last five decades, and many ways have been designed to harness energy from these sources. But unavailability at all times and fluctuations affect the power quality and reliability of these units. Many adaptive techniques have been designed to maintain these parameters of energy systems. The development is still going on and will go on to find more efficient techniques to extract reliable and quality power. This study presents a bibliographic view of the research in this area for different adaptive techniques. This study also presented an ongoing trend and the future possibilities and past successes that have been achieved in this arena. In the paper, many papers have been reviewed on the recent development in adaptive techniques for power systems in the last five decades. IEEE, the biggest source platform for researchers and scientists, is considered for a survey and statistical analysis of recent developments. Based on a survey and detailed study, graphical analysis is designed to give a very accomplished perspective of adaptive techniques in energy systems for the researchers. The present study suggested many measures and techniques which can contribute to establishing renewable energy systems, thus, decreasing pollution and providing a clean, green and sustainable environment. This study presents a Hybrid energy system with hybrid adaptive techniques as a key solution to overcome the problem of pollution using RES as much as possible and to satisfy the energy demand also. This study can be a major reference point for researchers and power engineers for providing an environment-friendly and sustainable RES-based energy solutions.
{"title":"A Bibliographic Analysis of Adaptive Techniques for the Development of Environment-Friendly Renewable Energy Systems","authors":"Shashi Gandhar, J. Ohri, Mukhtiar Singh","doi":"10.3233/ajw220093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw220093","url":null,"abstract":"Renewable Energy Sources (RES) have always been seen as a sustainable and environment-friendly solution to the energy needs of the globe. It is a club of many sources that have been explored widely in the last five decades, and many ways have been designed to harness energy from these sources. But unavailability at all times and fluctuations affect the power quality and reliability of these units. Many adaptive techniques have been designed to maintain these parameters of energy systems. The development is still going on and will go on to find more efficient techniques to extract reliable and quality power. This study presents a bibliographic view of the research in this area for different adaptive techniques. This study also presented an ongoing trend and the future possibilities and past successes that have been achieved in this arena. In the paper, many papers have been reviewed on the recent development in adaptive techniques for power systems in the last five decades. IEEE, the biggest source platform for researchers and scientists, is considered for a survey and statistical analysis of recent developments. Based on a survey and detailed study, graphical analysis is designed to give a very accomplished perspective of adaptive techniques in energy systems for the researchers. The present study suggested many measures and techniques which can contribute to establishing renewable energy systems, thus, decreasing pollution and providing a clean, green and sustainable environment. This study presents a Hybrid energy system with hybrid adaptive techniques as a key solution to overcome the problem of pollution using RES as much as possible and to satisfy the energy demand also. This study can be a major reference point for researchers and power engineers for providing an environment-friendly and sustainable RES-based energy solutions.","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48000452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The safest and most effective and preventive method that inhibits the growth of phytotoxic fungi is the biological method using metabolic materials, which are environmentally friendly. The current study focusses on extracting bioactive compounds from some citrus peels, and evaluating antimicrobial activity against some pathogenic plant fungi, also detecting the active compound using GC-MS. The five extracts of peels citrus included, Citrus aurantifolia (key lime), Citrus singensis (orange), Citrus maxima (pomelo), Citrus limon (lemon), and Citrus reticulate (mandarin orange). The extracts were evaluated against seven fungal species, including Alternaria solani, Alternaria alternate, Rhizoctonia solani, Macrophomina phaseolina, Trichothecium roseum, Fusarium solani, and Fusarium equiseti. The results showed that peels extract of pomelo (PPE) is the most effective anti-fungal, which was clear for all types of fungi used in the examination, and which recorded the highest inhibitory diameter against the fungus F. equiseti, followed by peels extract of the orange (OPE) and lemon peels extract (LPE), respectively, while lowest antifungal activities have been recorded in peels extracts of mandarin orange (MOPE) and key lime peels extract (KPE), respectively. The diameters of inhibition that represent the antifungal activity of the other extracts ranged between 0 and 25 mm, which constitute significant differences between them and (PPE). The most active extract (PPE) was analysed using GC-MS, and the result included the detection of 50 different compounds. According to the GC-MS results, furfural (4.91%), auraptenol (1.38%), 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol (0.92%) and hexadecanoic acid-, methyl ester (0.80%) were the major components in the essential oil obtained from peels extract of pomelo (PPE), in addition of ethyl oleate (0.65%), alpha-terpineol (0.32%), osthole (0.31%), which were known as antifungal compounds.
{"title":"Study the Effect of Some Citrus Peel Extracts Against Plant Pathogenic Fungi","authors":"A. Mshari, Alaa M. Alrudainy, Najwa M. Abu-Mejdad","doi":"10.3233/ajw220094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw220094","url":null,"abstract":"The safest and most effective and preventive method that inhibits the growth of phytotoxic fungi is the biological method using metabolic materials, which are environmentally friendly. The current study focusses on extracting bioactive compounds from some citrus peels, and evaluating antimicrobial activity against some pathogenic plant fungi, also detecting the active compound using GC-MS. The five extracts of peels citrus included, Citrus aurantifolia (key lime), Citrus singensis (orange), Citrus maxima (pomelo), Citrus limon (lemon), and Citrus reticulate (mandarin orange). The extracts were evaluated against seven fungal species, including Alternaria solani, Alternaria alternate, Rhizoctonia solani, Macrophomina phaseolina, Trichothecium roseum, Fusarium solani, and Fusarium equiseti. The results showed that peels extract of pomelo (PPE) is the most effective anti-fungal, which was clear for all types of fungi used in the examination, and which recorded the highest inhibitory diameter against the fungus F. equiseti, followed by peels extract of the orange (OPE) and lemon peels extract (LPE), respectively, while lowest antifungal activities have been recorded in peels extracts of mandarin orange (MOPE) and key lime peels extract (KPE), respectively. The diameters of inhibition that represent the antifungal activity of the other extracts ranged between 0 and 25 mm, which constitute significant differences between them and (PPE). The most active extract (PPE) was analysed using GC-MS, and the result included the detection of 50 different compounds. According to the GC-MS results, furfural (4.91%), auraptenol (1.38%), 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol (0.92%) and hexadecanoic acid-, methyl ester (0.80%) were the major components in the essential oil obtained from peels extract of pomelo (PPE), in addition of ethyl oleate (0.65%), alpha-terpineol (0.32%), osthole (0.31%), which were known as antifungal compounds.","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":"225 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41258839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
From a health standpoint, fluoride (F) is a vital element for humans. It had harmful effects on numerous organs when consumed in high dosages. Fluoride poisoning has been linked to liver damage. The purpose of this study was to see how sodium fluoride (Naf) affected liver function and the glycemic index in adult male albino rats. Fourteen (14) adult male Wistar albino rats were randomly and evenly divided into two groups and given the following treatments for thirty (30) days: G1 Group (Control group), were given distilled water and fed a balanced diet, G2 rats were administered water that contained 100 ppm Naf. The animals were fasted for 8-12 hours before being anesthetized and blood samples were taken by heart puncture technique at zero day (zero time) and (30) day. The following parameters were measured using the serum. The glycemic index contains (glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance), as well as liver function tests such as serum activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), as well as direct, indirect and total bilirubin concentration. The livers and pancreas were quickly delivered, meticulously dissected out, prepped, and viewed under a light microscope. The results demonstrated that 30 days of exposure to Naf in drinking water produced liver damage manifested by significant increases in blood ALT, AST, and GGT activity as well as significant elevation in serum bilirubin (direct, indirect and total) concentration compared to control group. A significant rise in blood glucose levels and a fall in blood insulin levels and IR were detected at the end of the experiments in Naf treated group when compared to the control. Histopathological changes in Naf treated group was observed in hepatic and pancreatic tissue manifested by generalised degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes, in addition, to severe degeneration of acinar and pancreatic islet cells. In conclusion, the findings of this investigation revealed Naf therapy-induced liver damage and a change in the glycemic index in adult male rats.
{"title":"Effect of Sodium Fluoride on Glycemic Index and Liver Functions in Rats","authors":"Sadiq J Ramadhan, Muna Hassan Youssef, K. Khudair","doi":"10.3233/ajw220092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw220092","url":null,"abstract":"From a health standpoint, fluoride (F) is a vital element for humans. It had harmful effects on numerous organs when consumed in high dosages. Fluoride poisoning has been linked to liver damage. The purpose of this study was to see how sodium fluoride (Naf) affected liver function and the glycemic index in adult male albino rats. Fourteen (14) adult male Wistar albino rats were randomly and evenly divided into two groups and given the following treatments for thirty (30) days: G1 Group (Control group), were given distilled water and fed a balanced diet, G2 rats were administered water that contained 100 ppm Naf. The animals were fasted for 8-12 hours before being anesthetized and blood samples were taken by heart puncture technique at zero day (zero time) and (30) day. The following parameters were measured using the serum. The glycemic index contains (glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance), as well as liver function tests such as serum activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), as well as direct, indirect and total bilirubin concentration. The livers and pancreas were quickly delivered, meticulously dissected out, prepped, and viewed under a light microscope. The results demonstrated that 30 days of exposure to Naf in drinking water produced liver damage manifested by significant increases in blood ALT, AST, and GGT activity as well as significant elevation in serum bilirubin (direct, indirect and total) concentration compared to control group. A significant rise in blood glucose levels and a fall in blood insulin levels and IR were detected at the end of the experiments in Naf treated group when compared to the control. Histopathological changes in Naf treated group was observed in hepatic and pancreatic tissue manifested by generalised degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes, in addition, to severe degeneration of acinar and pancreatic islet cells. In conclusion, the findings of this investigation revealed Naf therapy-induced liver damage and a change in the glycemic index in adult male rats.","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41414769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kajal Sinha, C. A. Vishwakarma, J. Dwivedi, Prashant Singh
The water quality of a region is greatly influenced by the environment and its quality is a function of rock-water interaction and anthropogenic processes. 90% of the rural population of Uttarakhand depends on rivers and springs sources for their daily uses. Therefore, water characterisation and monitoring over time is important for human health and aquatic life. The basic understanding of hydrochemistry can be extracted by a trilinear piper diagram. The study also intends to develop hydro-chemical analysis for water quality at various locations in Uttarakhand to represent four major river catchments. The study attempted over 50 locations from 2010 to 2019 during pre and post-monsoon seasons. Four anions and four cations were used to understand hydrogeochemical facies. Result reveals that the most dominant hydrogeochemical facies were Ca-Mg-HCO3 in the entire region followed by Ca-Mg-Cl or Ca-Mg-SO4 facies due to limestone-dominant geology. Na-Cl or Na-SO4 facies enhanced due to agriculture activities while NaHCO3 facies due to the rapid weathering processes along the river course over the period. The study recommended for the area where the water type is either Na-Cl or Na-SO4 or Na-HCO3, intensive water resource planning should be implemented. These areas are highly vulnerable to human health costs.
{"title":"Assessment of Temporal Variation in Hydrogeochemical Facies of River Water in the Central Himalayan Region","authors":"Kajal Sinha, C. A. Vishwakarma, J. Dwivedi, Prashant Singh","doi":"10.3233/ajw220090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw220090","url":null,"abstract":"The water quality of a region is greatly influenced by the environment and its quality is a function of rock-water interaction and anthropogenic processes. 90% of the rural population of Uttarakhand depends on rivers and springs sources for their daily uses. Therefore, water characterisation and monitoring over time is important for human health and aquatic life. The basic understanding of hydrochemistry can be extracted by a trilinear piper diagram. The study also intends to develop hydro-chemical analysis for water quality at various locations in Uttarakhand to represent four major river catchments. The study attempted over 50 locations from 2010 to 2019 during pre and post-monsoon seasons. Four anions and four cations were used to understand hydrogeochemical facies. Result reveals that the most dominant hydrogeochemical facies were Ca-Mg-HCO3 in the entire region followed by Ca-Mg-Cl or Ca-Mg-SO4 facies due to limestone-dominant geology. Na-Cl or Na-SO4 facies enhanced due to agriculture activities while NaHCO3 facies due to the rapid weathering processes along the river course over the period. The study recommended for the area where the water type is either Na-Cl or Na-SO4 or Na-HCO3, intensive water resource planning should be implemented. These areas are highly vulnerable to human health costs.","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45981289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：