Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100134
Wen Wen , Sonal K. Farzavandi , Miho Sato , Boon Long Quah , Simon T. Ko , T.S. Surendran , An-Guor Wang , Jeong-Min Hwang , Rita S. Sitorus , Shuan Dai , Wei Zhang , Kanxing Zhao , Jason C. Yam , Frank Martin , Chen Zhao
Acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE) is a concomitant strabismus characterized by sudden onset, mostly associated with diplopia. The prevalence of AACE has significantly increased, and various management approaches have been recommended in recent years. This study by the Council of Asia-Pacific Strabismus and Pediatric Ophthalmology Society aimed to provide an overview of the clinical features, etiology and the nonsurgical and surgical treatment recommendations for the condition to equip strabismus specialists with the most updated knowledge.
{"title":"Clinical practices on acute acquired comitant esotropia: A consensus statement proposed by the Council of Asia-Pacific Strabismus and Pediatric Ophthalmology Society","authors":"Wen Wen , Sonal K. Farzavandi , Miho Sato , Boon Long Quah , Simon T. Ko , T.S. Surendran , An-Guor Wang , Jeong-Min Hwang , Rita S. Sitorus , Shuan Dai , Wei Zhang , Kanxing Zhao , Jason C. Yam , Frank Martin , Chen Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE) is a concomitant strabismus characterized by sudden onset, mostly associated with diplopia. The prevalence of AACE has significantly increased, and various management approaches have been recommended in recent years. This study by the Council of Asia-Pacific Strabismus and Pediatric Ophthalmology Society aimed to provide an overview of the clinical features, etiology and the nonsurgical and surgical treatment recommendations for the condition to equip strabismus specialists with the most updated knowledge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8594,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"14 1","pages":"Article 100134"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142977391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100139
Yu Yao Wang , Li Jia Chen , Clement C. Tham , Jason C. Yam , Chi Pui Pang
Myopia is associated with interactive effects of genetic and environmental factors. The development of myopia in childhood is likely to be more dependent on genetic background. Candidate gene analysis, whole exome sequencing, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and subsequent metaanalyses have identified more than 400 loci that are associated with myopia. However, most genome studies have been conducted in adults and only a few of genetic single nucleotide polymorphisms identified in adult GWAS have been successfully replicated in children. In this review, we summarized these variants and compared the effect size between children and adults.
{"title":"Genes for childhood myopia","authors":"Yu Yao Wang , Li Jia Chen , Clement C. Tham , Jason C. Yam , Chi Pui Pang","doi":"10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Myopia is associated with interactive effects of genetic and environmental factors. The development of myopia in childhood is likely to be more dependent on genetic background. Candidate gene analysis, whole exome sequencing, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and subsequent metaanalyses have identified more than 400 loci that are associated with myopia. However, most genome studies have been conducted in adults and only a few of genetic single nucleotide polymorphisms identified in adult GWAS have been successfully replicated in children. In this review, we summarized these variants and compared the effect size between children and adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8594,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"14 1","pages":"Article 100139"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100148
Isana Nakajima, Ken Fukuda, Tamaki Sumi, Kenji Yamashiro
{"title":"Response to Letter to the Editor: Comment on “Exaggerated immune response to fungal keratitis post-COVID-19 vaccination”","authors":"Isana Nakajima, Ken Fukuda, Tamaki Sumi, Kenji Yamashiro","doi":"10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100148","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8594,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"14 1","pages":"Article 100148"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100140
Pei-Chang Wu , Chia-Ling Tsai , Yi-Hsin Yang
Purpose
To investigate whether premyopia is a risk factor for myopia onset and whether outdoor activities can protect against myopia development in premyopic children in the Recess Outside Classroom (ROC) study.
Methods
Nonmyopic schoolchildren aged 7–11 years were recruited from two schools in Taiwan. One school implemented the ROC program, which encouraged children to go outdoors during recess. The control school maintained its usual schedule. A cycloplegic autorefraction was performed. Premyopia was defined as spherical equivalent refraction ≤ +0.75 diopters (D) and > –0.50 D.
Results
After one year of follow-up, multivariate logistic analysis revealed that the ROC program reduced the risk of myopia onset by 61 % (odds ratio [OR] = 0.39, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.21–0.70, P = 0.002). However, premyopia status increased the risk of myopia onset by 14 times compared to hyperopic status (OR = 14.0, 95 % CI: 1.86–105.3, P = 0.010). In the subgroup analysis of premyopic children, the myopic shift was also significantly lower in the ROC group than in the control group (–0.20 ± 0.60 D/year vs. –0.40 ± 0.66 D/year, P = 0.017). Myopia incidence in premyopic children was significantly lower in the ROC group than in the control group (19.6 % vs. 37.8 %, P = 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis showed that participation in the ROC program was significantly associated with a lower myopic shift in premyopic children (–0.22 D/year, 95 % CI: –0.39 to –0.06, P = 0.008)
Conclusions
Premyopia is a risk factor for myopia onset. A school policy that includes more outdoor time can effectively prevent myopia onset and shift in premyopic children.
{"title":"Outdoor activity during class recess prevents myopia onset and shift in premyopic children: Subgroup analysis in the recess outside classroom study","authors":"Pei-Chang Wu , Chia-Ling Tsai , Yi-Hsin Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To investigate whether premyopia is a risk factor for myopia onset and whether outdoor activities can protect against myopia development in premyopic children in the Recess Outside Classroom (ROC) study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Nonmyopic schoolchildren aged 7–11 years were recruited from two schools in Taiwan. One school implemented the ROC program, which encouraged children to go outdoors during recess. The control school maintained its usual schedule. A cycloplegic autorefraction was performed. Premyopia was defined as spherical equivalent refraction ≤ +0.75 diopters (D) and > –0.50 D.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After one year of follow-up, multivariate logistic analysis revealed that the ROC program reduced the risk of myopia onset by 61 % (odds ratio [OR] = 0.39, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.21–0.70, <em>P</em> = 0.002). However, premyopia status increased the risk of myopia onset by 14 times compared to hyperopic status (OR = 14.0, 95 % CI: 1.86–105.3, <em>P</em> = 0.010). In the subgroup analysis of premyopic children, the myopic shift was also significantly lower in the ROC group than in the control group (–0.20 ± 0.60 D/year vs. –0.40 ± 0.66 D/year, <em>P</em> = 0.017). Myopia incidence in premyopic children was significantly lower in the ROC group than in the control group (19.6 % vs. 37.8 %, <em>P</em> = 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis showed that participation in the ROC program was significantly associated with a lower myopic shift in premyopic children (–0.22 D/year, 95 % CI: –0.39 to –0.06, <em>P</em> = 0.008)</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Premyopia is a risk factor for myopia onset. A school policy that includes more outdoor time can effectively prevent myopia onset and shift in premyopic children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8594,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"14 1","pages":"Article 100140"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142977393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100137
Yi Lu , Jiamin Xie , Lele Cheng , Qingdong Fu , Miao Wu , Ji Jin , Xun Xu
Purpose
To explore the correlation between recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy and myopia progression, and to optimize the myopia control strategies in myopic children undergoing rhGH therapy.
Methods
This retrospective study included 27 myopic children receiving rhGH therapy and 57 myopic children in the control group, all of whom underwent myopia interventions. Axial length (AL) and refraction were measured by IOLMaster and an autorefractor after cycloplegia. AL changes were compared between the rhGH and control groups, before and after rhGH therapy, and among different myopia control strategies. Univariate and multivariate regression models analyzed factors associated with axial elongation.
Results
The rhGH group exhibited greater median AL change than the control group (0.29 mm/year; interquartile range [IQR], 0.19–0.40; n = 27 vs. 0.18 mm/year; IQR, 0.12–0.27; n = 57; P < 0.001). Median axial elongation increased after rhGH treatment (0.22 mm/year; IQR, 0.12–0.34 vs. 0.32 mm/year; IQR, 0.26–0.40; n = 14; P = 0.026), while it decreased after cessation (0.39 mm/year; IQR, 0.16–0.56 vs. 0.04 mm/year; IQR, –0.03–0.15; n = 6; P = 0.031). After adjusting for confounders, axial elongation was faster in the rhGH group (β = 0.13, P < 0.001). Longer rhGH therapy duration and shorter myopia control duration were associated with accelerated axial elongation (β = 0.13, P = 0.027). Dual-therapy myopia control appeared to mitigate excessive axial elongation in rhGH-treated children more effectively than monotherapy (0.27 mm/year; IQR, 0.18–0.31; n = 20 vs. 0.40 mm/year; IQR, 0.32–0.70; n = 7; P = 0.026).
Conclusions
Myopic children undergoing rhGH therapy would exhibit accelerated axial elongation despite myopia control. Close monitoring and dual-therapy myopia control strategies are recommended for these children.
{"title":"Effect of substitutive growth hormone therapy on myopia control among Chinese children","authors":"Yi Lu , Jiamin Xie , Lele Cheng , Qingdong Fu , Miao Wu , Ji Jin , Xun Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To explore the correlation between recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy and myopia progression, and to optimize the myopia control strategies in myopic children undergoing rhGH therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective study included 27 myopic children receiving rhGH therapy and 57 myopic children in the control group, all of whom underwent myopia interventions. Axial length (AL) and refraction were measured by IOLMaster and an autorefractor after cycloplegia. AL changes were compared between the rhGH and control groups, before and after rhGH therapy, and among different myopia control strategies. Univariate and multivariate regression models analyzed factors associated with axial elongation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The rhGH group exhibited greater median AL change than the control group (0.29 mm/year; interquartile range [IQR], 0.19–0.40; n = 27 vs. 0.18 mm/year; IQR, 0.12–0.27; n = 57; <em>P</em> < 0.001). Median axial elongation increased after rhGH treatment (0.22 mm/year; IQR, 0.12–0.34 vs. 0.32 mm/year; IQR, 0.26–0.40; n = 14; <em>P</em> = 0.026), while it decreased after cessation (0.39 mm/year; IQR, 0.16–0.56 vs. 0.04 mm/year; IQR, –0.03–0.15; n = 6; <em>P</em> = 0.031). After adjusting for confounders, axial elongation was faster in the rhGH group (β = 0.13, <em>P</em> < 0.001). Longer rhGH therapy duration and shorter myopia control duration were associated with accelerated axial elongation (β = 0.13, <em>P</em> = 0.027). Dual-therapy myopia control appeared to mitigate excessive axial elongation in rhGH-treated children more effectively than monotherapy (0.27 mm/year; IQR, 0.18–0.31; n = 20 vs. 0.40 mm/year; IQR, 0.32–0.70; n = 7; <em>P</em> = 0.026).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Myopic children undergoing rhGH therapy would exhibit accelerated axial elongation despite myopia control. Close monitoring and dual-therapy myopia control strategies are recommended for these children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8594,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"14 1","pages":"Article 100137"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100145
Dezhi Zheng, Zijing Huang
{"title":"Spontaneous drainage of a large valsalva premacular hemorrhage","authors":"Dezhi Zheng, Zijing Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100145","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100145","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8594,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"14 1","pages":"Article 100145"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142997971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100142
Wenjun Zou , Qin Jiang , Yanling Wang , Wenbin Wei , Xiaodong Sun , Karen Basu , Qiuyu Chen , Aachal Kotecha , Sijing Li , Ruyuan Liu , Vaibhavi Patel , Youxin Chen
Purpose
To evaluate the efficacy, durability and safety of intravitreal faricimab versus aflibercept over 48 weeks in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) from the LUCERNE China subpopulation.
Design
LUCERNE (NCT03823300) was a phase 3 global, double-masked, active comparator-controlled trial. The China subpopulation comprised patients from mainland China, Taiwan and Hong Kong.
Methods
Treatment-naïve patients aged ≥50 years with nAMD were randomized 1:1 to receive faricimab 6.0 mg up to every 16 weeks (Q16W) based on prespecified disease criteria after four initial Q4W doses or aflibercept 2.0 mg Q8W after three initial Q4W doses. The primary endpoint was mean change from baseline in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) averaged over weeks 40 to 48. Anatomical, durability and safety outcomes were also evaluated.
Results
The China subpopulation comprised 119 patients (faricimab: n = 59, aflibercept: n = 60). At weeks 40 to 48, adjusted mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) BCVA letter gains from baseline were +9.7 (7.4 to 12.0) and +9.8 (7.5 to 12.1) with faricimab and aflibercept, respectively. Central subfield thickness was reduced from baseline by weeks 40 to 48 in both arms, with an adjusted mean (95% CI) change of −145.4 µm (−156.2 to −134.6) and −156.5 µm (−167.3 to −145.7) for faricimab and aflibercept, respectively. By week 48, 87.3% of the patients were on extended ≥Q12W faricimab dosing. Faricimab was well tolerated with no new safety signals.
Conclusions
Faricimab up to Q16W showed durable efficacy in the LUCERNE China subpopulation, consistent with global findings. Faricimab may reduce treatment burden for patients with nAMD in China, without compromising efficacy.
目的：评价法利西单抗与阿非利西贝在LUCERNE中国亚群新生血管性年龄相关性黄斑变性（nAMD）患者治疗48周后的疗效、持久性和安全性。设计：LUCERNE （NCT03823300）是一项全球3期、双盲、有效比较对照试验。中国亚群包括来自中国大陆、台湾和香港的患者。方法：Treatment-naïve年龄≥50岁的nAMD患者以1:1的比例随机分配，在四次初始Q4W剂量后，根据预先指定的疾病标准，接受法利昔单抗6.0 mg Q16W，最多每16周（Q16W），或在三次初始Q4W剂量后，接受阿非利赛普2.0 mg Q8W。主要终点是40至48周内最佳矫正视力（BCVA）相对基线的平均变化。解剖、耐久性和安全性结果也进行了评估。结果：中国亚群包括119例患者（faricimab: n = 59, afliberept: n = 60）。在第40至48周，faricimab和aflibercept的调整平均（95%置信区间[CI]） BCVA字母增益从基线分别为+9.7（7.4至12.0）和+9.8（7.5至12.1）。在第40周至第48周期间，两组患者的中心亚野厚度均较基线减少，法利昔单抗和阿非利西ept的调整后平均（95% CI）变化分别为-145.4 µm（-156.2至-134.6）和-156.5 µm（-167.3至-145.7）。到第48周，87.3%的患者延长了≥Q12W的法利西单抗剂量。Faricimab耐受性良好，无新的安全信号。结论：法瑞昔单抗在LUCERNE中国亚群中显示出持久的疗效，与全球研究结果一致。Faricimab可能在不影响疗效的情况下减轻中国nAMD患者的治疗负担。
{"title":"Efficacy, durability and safety of faricimab for patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration: 48-week results from the phase 3 LUCERNE China subpopulation","authors":"Wenjun Zou , Qin Jiang , Yanling Wang , Wenbin Wei , Xiaodong Sun , Karen Basu , Qiuyu Chen , Aachal Kotecha , Sijing Li , Ruyuan Liu , Vaibhavi Patel , Youxin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To evaluate the efficacy, durability and safety of intravitreal faricimab versus aflibercept over 48 weeks in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) from the LUCERNE China subpopulation.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>LUCERNE (NCT03823300) was a phase 3 global, double-masked, active comparator-controlled trial. The China subpopulation comprised patients from mainland China, Taiwan and Hong Kong.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Treatment-naïve patients aged ≥50 years with nAMD were randomized 1:1 to receive faricimab 6.0 mg up to every 16 weeks (Q16W) based on prespecified disease criteria after four initial Q4W doses or aflibercept 2.0 mg Q8W after three initial Q4W doses. The primary endpoint was mean change from baseline in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) averaged over weeks 40 to 48. Anatomical, durability and safety outcomes were also evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The China subpopulation comprised 119 patients (faricimab: n = 59, aflibercept: n = 60). At weeks 40 to 48, adjusted mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) BCVA letter gains from baseline were +9.7 (7.4 to 12.0) and +9.8 (7.5 to 12.1) with faricimab and aflibercept, respectively. Central subfield thickness was reduced from baseline by weeks 40 to 48 in both arms, with an adjusted mean (95% CI) change of −145.4 µm (−156.2 to −134.6) and −156.5 µm (−167.3 to −145.7) for faricimab and aflibercept, respectively. By week 48, 87.3% of the patients were on extended ≥Q12W faricimab dosing. Faricimab was well tolerated with no new safety signals.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Faricimab up to Q16W showed durable efficacy in the LUCERNE China subpopulation, consistent with global findings. Faricimab may reduce treatment burden for patients with nAMD in China, without compromising efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8594,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"14 1","pages":"Article 100142"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100144
Paisan Ruamviboonsuk , Danny S.C. Ng , Voraporn Chaikitmongkol , Andrew Chang , Shih-Jen Chen , Youxin Chen , Chui Ming Gemmy Cheung , Fumi Gomi , Robyn Guymer , Judy E. Kim , Adrian Koh , Gregg T. Kokame , Chi-Chun Lai , Timothy Y.Y. Lai , Won Ki Lee , Yuichiro Ogura , Srinivas Sadda , Kelvin Y.C. Teo , Tien Yin Wong , Yasuo Yanagi , Dennis S.C. Lam
A panel of 21 international experts are formed by the Asia-Pacific Vitreo-retina Society to work out the consensus and guidelines on polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). PCV is a common subtype of neovascular age-related macular degeneration and is more prevalent in Asian populations. Recent advancement in imaging technology allows greater understanding of the disease process of PCV. Furthermore, non–indocyanine green angiography features in optical coherence tomography angiography have been validated for PCV diagnosis and treatment response monitoring. Clinical trials provide new data on the safety and efficacy of various anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents as well as protocols that aim to improve the sustainability of treatments. In view of the myriads of emerging information, the panel gathered, reviewed, discussed, formulated and voted on the consensus and guidelines of PCV on four areas: 1) disease entity, 2) investigation and diagnosis, 3) treatment options, and 4) management protocol and future development in a five-point Likert scale (strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree and strongly disagree). We proposed using a consensus score in which the maximum was 100. The summation of the respective “percentages” of experts voting for “agree” or “strongly agree” would be counted as the actual score. Consensus was achieved when the actual score of 75 or more was reached, which meant at least 75 % of the experts had voted for “strongly agree” or “agree” on the consensus statement concerned.
{"title":"Consensus and guidelines on diagnosis and management of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) from the Asia-Pacific Vitreo-retina Society (APVRS)","authors":"Paisan Ruamviboonsuk , Danny S.C. Ng , Voraporn Chaikitmongkol , Andrew Chang , Shih-Jen Chen , Youxin Chen , Chui Ming Gemmy Cheung , Fumi Gomi , Robyn Guymer , Judy E. Kim , Adrian Koh , Gregg T. Kokame , Chi-Chun Lai , Timothy Y.Y. Lai , Won Ki Lee , Yuichiro Ogura , Srinivas Sadda , Kelvin Y.C. Teo , Tien Yin Wong , Yasuo Yanagi , Dennis S.C. Lam","doi":"10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A panel of 21 international experts are formed by the Asia-Pacific Vitreo-retina Society to work out the consensus and guidelines on polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). PCV is a common subtype of neovascular age-related macular degeneration and is more prevalent in Asian populations. Recent advancement in imaging technology allows greater understanding of the disease process of PCV. Furthermore, non–indocyanine green angiography features in optical coherence tomography angiography have been validated for PCV diagnosis and treatment response monitoring. Clinical trials provide new data on the safety and efficacy of various anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents as well as protocols that aim to improve the sustainability of treatments. In view of the myriads of emerging information, the panel gathered, reviewed, discussed, formulated and voted on the consensus and guidelines of PCV on four areas: 1) disease entity, 2) investigation and diagnosis, 3) treatment options, and 4) management protocol and future development in a five-point Likert scale (strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree and strongly disagree). We proposed using a consensus score in which the maximum was 100. The summation of the respective “percentages” of experts voting for “agree” or “strongly agree” would be counted as the actual score. Consensus was achieved when the actual score of 75 or more was reached, which meant at least 75 % of the experts had voted for “strongly agree” or “agree” on the consensus statement concerned.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8594,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"14 1","pages":"Article 100144"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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