Pub Date : 2025-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100208
Andrea Chor Kiu Au , Daniel Ho Tak Wong , Kenneth Kai Wang Li
This review aims to summarise recent literature in the past decade, focusing on new insights, management strategies, and technique modifications for intraocular foreign body (IOFB) cases. We discuss the latest epidemiological data, diagnostic assessments, and challenging presentations of IOFB. Imaging, particularly non-contrast helical computed tomography with thin cuts, is a valuable diagnostic adjunct. The administration of perioperative prophylactic systemic and intravitreal antibiotics may be useful in reducing infective endophthalmitis risk. We recommend same stage IOFB removal with primary repair within 24 hours whenever feasible. Furthermore, the latest updates on surgical planning, techniques, and instrumentation for IOFB removal, including crystalline lens management, IOFB extraction routes, and intraoperative adjuncts such as perfluorocarbon liquid, cohesive viscoelastic, and mitomycin-C are described. Various IOFB removal techniques including magnet-based, scaffold, suture-based, aspiration and bimanual methods, specialised and innovative instruments are also discussed. This review compiles the most recent advancements and techniques, offering a comprehensive update on the clinical management and surgical removal of IOFB.
{"title":"Updates on the clinical management of intraocular foreign body (IOFB)","authors":"Andrea Chor Kiu Au , Daniel Ho Tak Wong , Kenneth Kai Wang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review aims to summarise recent literature in the past decade, focusing on new insights, management strategies, and technique modifications for intraocular foreign body (IOFB) cases. We discuss the latest epidemiological data, diagnostic assessments, and challenging presentations of IOFB. Imaging, particularly non-contrast helical computed tomography with thin cuts, is a valuable diagnostic adjunct. The administration of perioperative prophylactic systemic and intravitreal antibiotics may be useful in reducing infective endophthalmitis risk. We recommend same stage IOFB removal with primary repair within 24 hours whenever feasible. Furthermore, the latest updates on surgical planning, techniques, and instrumentation for IOFB removal, including crystalline lens management, IOFB extraction routes, and intraoperative adjuncts such as perfluorocarbon liquid, cohesive viscoelastic, and mitomycin-C are described. Various IOFB removal techniques including magnet-based, scaffold, suture-based, aspiration and bimanual methods, specialised and innovative instruments are also discussed. This review compiles the most recent advancements and techniques, offering a comprehensive update on the clinical management and surgical removal of IOFB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8594,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"14 3","pages":"Article 100208"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100192
Francesca Corsi , Alessia Galante , Maria Anna Maggi , Raffaele Mazziotti , Silvia Bisti , Ilaria Piano , Claudia Gargini
The mutations observed in the various forms of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) affect genes coding for rod-specific proteins and direct the progression of different forms of dystrophy toward total blindness. The present investigation aims to explore the protective effects of Saffron Repron®, in a mouse model of RP. Saffron was administered orally to pregnant females and weaned pups for 120 days. At different time points (P30, P60, P90, and P120), visual function, retinal function, cone lifespan, morphology, gene expression, and protein level were analyzed. The results indicate that chronic saffron treatment effectively slows the progression of long-term damage caused by genetic mutations in both the morphology and function of retinal neurons. Cellular mechanisms responsible for this action appear complex and, probably, due to coordinated and synergistic activities by its chemical components. Here we provide evidence that saffron is able to modulate the epigenetic pathway involved in neuroinflammation. Biochemical and molecular measures suggest that early saffron treatment may induce a form of adaptation known as acquired resilience.
{"title":"The efficacy of Saffron Repron® in counteracting the progression of retinitis pigmentosa: Neuroprotection and resilience","authors":"Francesca Corsi , Alessia Galante , Maria Anna Maggi , Raffaele Mazziotti , Silvia Bisti , Ilaria Piano , Claudia Gargini","doi":"10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mutations observed in the various forms of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) affect genes coding for rod-specific proteins and direct the progression of different forms of dystrophy toward total blindness. The present investigation aims to explore the protective effects of Saffron Repron®, in a mouse model of RP. Saffron was administered orally to pregnant females and weaned pups for 120 days. At different time points (P30, P60, P90, and P120), visual function, retinal function, cone lifespan, morphology, gene expression, and protein level were analyzed. The results indicate that chronic saffron treatment effectively slows the progression of long-term damage caused by genetic mutations in both the morphology and function of retinal neurons. Cellular mechanisms responsible for this action appear complex and, probably, due to coordinated and synergistic activities by its chemical components. Here we provide evidence that saffron is able to modulate the epigenetic pathway involved in neuroinflammation. Biochemical and molecular measures suggest that early saffron treatment may induce a form of adaptation known as acquired resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8594,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"14 3","pages":"Article 100192"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100203
Jost B. Jonas
{"title":"Vision impairment-related burden of disease","authors":"Jost B. Jonas","doi":"10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100203","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8594,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"14 3","pages":"Article 100203"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143970268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) may have frequent recurrences after fluid resolution, but time to recurrence is unclear. This study explored time to first polypoidal recurrence after 1-year fixed-dosing aflibercept treatments.
Design
Retrospective cohort study.
Methods
Treatment-naïve PCV eyes treated between April 2015 to May 2019 were identified and included with criteria including: (1) received fixed-dosing 2 mg aflibercept in the first year, (2) became “inactive” (absence of both intraretinal and subretinal fluid on OCT) at post-treatment year-1 (PTY1) and managed as needed (PRN) thereafter, (3) FU ≥ 12 months after PTY1. Fundus photography, indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), and OCT graded to identify timing and risk factors for recurrence (defined as fluid on OCT).
Results
Of 37 study eyes [37 patients; median age was 64 years (IQR 59–69); median aflibercept injection number was 8 (IQR 8–8); median FU 38 months (IQR, 30–50 months)]; 18 eyes (49 %) had recurrence during FU. Fourteen (78 %) of 18 had recurrence within 12 months after PTY1 visit. Risk factors for recurrence included: incomplete polypoidal regression on post-treatment ICGA [P = .004, Hazard ratio (HR) = 4.4, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.6–11.9] and PED with internal heterogeneous reflectivity on post-treatment OCT (P = .04, HR = 2.7, 95 % CI 1.1–6.9).
Conclusions
Nearly half of inactive PCV eyes following 1-year fixed-dosing aflibercept treatments had recurrent polypoidal lesions. Eyes with high-risk features for recurrence, some of which can be detected with OCT without the need for ICGA, may warrant close monitoring.
{"title":"Recurrent polypoidal lesions after achieving inactive polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy following 1-year fixed-dosing aflibercept treatments","authors":"Voraporn Chaikitmongkol , Wantip Tadadoltip , Direk Patikulsila , Titipol Srisomboon , Chanusnun Narongchai , Janejit Choovuthayakorn , Nawat Watanachai , Paradee Kunavisarut , Apisara Sangkaew , Phit Upaphong , Neil M. Bressler","doi":"10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) may have frequent recurrences after fluid resolution, but time to recurrence is unclear. This study explored time to first polypoidal recurrence after 1-year fixed-dosing aflibercept treatments.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Retrospective cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Treatment-naïve PCV eyes treated between April 2015 to May 2019 were identified and included with criteria including: (1) received fixed-dosing 2 mg aflibercept in the first year, (2) became “inactive” (absence of both intraretinal and subretinal fluid on OCT) at post-treatment year-1 (PTY1) and managed as needed (PRN) thereafter, (3) FU ≥ 12 months after PTY1. Fundus photography, indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), and OCT graded to identify timing and risk factors for recurrence (defined as fluid on OCT).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 37 study eyes [37 patients; median age was 64 years (IQR 59–69); median aflibercept injection number was 8 (IQR 8–8); median FU 38 months (IQR, 30–50 months)]; 18 eyes (49 %) had recurrence during FU. Fourteen (78 %) of 18 had recurrence within 12 months after PTY1 visit. Risk factors for recurrence included: incomplete polypoidal regression on post-treatment ICGA [<em>P</em> = .004, Hazard ratio (HR) = 4.4, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.6–11.9] and PED with internal heterogeneous reflectivity on post-treatment OCT (<em>P</em> = .04, HR = 2.7, 95 % CI 1.1–6.9).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Nearly half of inactive PCV eyes following 1-year fixed-dosing aflibercept treatments had recurrent polypoidal lesions. Eyes with high-risk features for recurrence, some of which can be detected with OCT without the need for ICGA, may warrant close monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8594,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"14 2","pages":"Article 100176"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143539759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100115
Kaidi Xiang , Jingjing Wang , Zhuoting Zhu , Xinzi Zhang , Bo Zhang , Jun Chen , Jinliuxing Yang , Linlin Du , Zhijian Ai , Xiangui He , Xun Xu
Purpose
To investigate longitudinal changes in choroidal thickness (ChT) after 1-year treatment of repeated low-level red-light (RLRL) and their predictive value in efficacy on myopia prevention and myopic shift among pre-myopic children.
Methods
278 pre-myopic (-0.50 D < spherical equivalent refraction, SER ≤ 0.50 D) participants were assigned to the RLRL group and control group randomly and evenly. The OCT, visual acuity, AL, SER and other parameters were measured before enrollment and every 3 months after intervention. The data from both eyes of the included participants were analyzed.
Results
A total of 463 eyes were analyzed. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, 176 participants in the RLRL group had treatment interrupted. The continued RLRL group, interrupted RLRL group and control group were well balanced in baseline characteristics. In the continued and interrupted RLRL group, the average ChT increased significantly at 3-month visit (all P < 0.001) and the subfoveal ChT thickened evidently. The area under the curve (AUC) for the models including gender and 3-month change in ChT to predict satisfactory myopia prevention at 12 months was 0.983. The efficacy of the models that also used the combined indicators of baseline age, gender and the 3-month change in ChT to predict AL progression control over 12 months reached 0.944.
Conclusions
Continued RLRL intervention induced notable thickening of ChT in premyopic population, especially at the subfoveal sector. For participants received RLRL treatment, the 3-month change in ChT combined with other baseline factors have acceptable predictive discrimination of myopia prevention efficacy.
目的：探讨反复低水平红灯（RLRL）治疗1年后，准近视儿童脉络膜厚度（ChT）的纵向变化及其对近视预防和近视转移效果的预测价值。方法：278例近视前期患者（-0.50 D <球面等效屈光度，SER≤0.50 D）随机均匀分为RLRL组和对照组。在入组前及干预后每3个月测量一次OCT、视力、AL、SER等参数。对被试者双眼的数据进行分析。结果：共分析463只眼。由于COVID-19大流行，RLRL组的176名参与者的治疗中断。继续RLRL组、中断RLRL组和对照组的基线特征平衡良好。在RLRL持续组和中断组，平均ChT在3个月时显著增加（均P < 0.001），中央凹下ChT明显增厚。包括性别和3个月ChT变化的模型预测12个月时满意的近视预防的曲线下面积（AUC）为0.983。同时使用基线年龄、性别、3个月ChT变化联合指标预测12个月AL进展控制的模型的疗效达到0.944。结论：持续的RLRL干预在近视人群中引起了明显的ChT增厚，特别是在中央凹下区。对于接受RLRL治疗的参与者，3个月的ChT变化结合其他基线因素对近视预防效果具有可接受的预测性区分。
{"title":"Changes in choroidal thickness in pre-myopic children after repeated low-level red-light therapy and their role in predicting myopia prevention and controlling myopic shift","authors":"Kaidi Xiang , Jingjing Wang , Zhuoting Zhu , Xinzi Zhang , Bo Zhang , Jun Chen , Jinliuxing Yang , Linlin Du , Zhijian Ai , Xiangui He , Xun Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To investigate longitudinal changes in choroidal thickness (ChT) after 1-year treatment of repeated low-level red-light (RLRL) and their predictive value in efficacy on myopia prevention and myopic shift among pre-myopic children.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>278 pre-myopic (-0.50 D < spherical equivalent refraction, SER ≤ 0.50 D) participants were assigned to the RLRL group and control group randomly and evenly. The OCT, visual acuity, AL, SER and other parameters were measured before enrollment and every 3 months after intervention. The data from both eyes of the included participants were analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 463 eyes were analyzed. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, 176 participants in the RLRL group had treatment interrupted. The continued RLRL group, interrupted RLRL group and control group were well balanced in baseline characteristics. In the continued and interrupted RLRL group, the average ChT increased significantly at 3-month visit (all <em>P</em> < 0.001) and the subfoveal ChT thickened evidently. The area under the curve (AUC) for the models including gender and 3-month change in ChT to predict satisfactory myopia prevention at 12 months was 0.983. The efficacy of the models that also used the combined indicators of baseline age, gender and the 3-month change in ChT to predict AL progression control over 12 months reached 0.944.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Continued RLRL intervention induced notable thickening of ChT in premyopic population, especially at the subfoveal sector. For participants received RLRL treatment, the 3-month change in ChT combined with other baseline factors have acceptable predictive discrimination of myopia prevention efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8594,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"14 2","pages":"Article 100115"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142765660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Utilizing generative AI in ophthalmic medical paper writing: Applications, limitations, and practical tools","authors":"Fang-Yu Hu , Le-Yu Chen , Pin-Jung Cheng, Jen-Yu Liu, Jo-Hsuan Wu, Wei-Li Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100174","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8594,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"14 2","pages":"Article 100174"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143539762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100180
Yen-Ting Chen , Nishant V. Radke , Sohani Amarasekera , Dong Ho Park , Nelson Chen , Jay Chhablani , Nan-Kai Wang , Wei-Chi Wu , Danny S.C. Ng , Pramod Bhende , Shobhit Varma , Enne Leung , Xiulan Zhang , Fei Li , Shaochong Zhang , Dong Fang , Jia Liang , Zheming Zhang , Huanyu Liu , Peiquan Zhao , Dennis S.C. Lam
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME) are leading causes of vision loss globally. This is a comprehensive review focused on both medical and surgical management strategies for DR and DME. This review highlights the epidemiology of DR and DME, with a particular emphasis on the Asia-Pacific region, urban-rural disparities, ethnic variations, and grading methodologies. We examine various risk factors for DR, including glycemic control, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, chronic kidney disease, sex, myopia, pregnancy, and cataract surgery. Furthermore, we explore potential biomarkers in serum, proteomics, metabolomics, vitreous, microRNA, and genetics that may aid in the detection and management of DR. In addition to medical management, we review the evidence supporting systemic and ocular treatments for DR/DME, including anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents, anti-inflammatory agents, biosimilars, and integrin inhibitors. Despite advancements in treatment options such as pan-retinal photocoagulation and anti-VEGF agents, a subset of cases still progresses, necessitating vitrectomy. Challenging diabetic vitrectomies pose difficulties due to complex fibrovascular proliferations, incomplete posterior vitreous detachment, and fragile, ischemic retinas, making membrane dissection risky and potentially damaging to the retina. In this review, we address the question of challenging diabetic vitrectomies, providing insights and strategies to minimize complications. Additionally, we briefly explore newer modalities such as 3-dimensional vitrectomy and intra-operative optical coherence tomography as potential tools in diabetic vitrectomy. In conclusion, this review provides a comprehensive overview of both medical and surgical management options for DR and DME. It underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach, tailored to the needs of each patient, to optimize visual outcomes and improve the quality of life for those affected by these sight-threatening conditions.
{"title":"Updates on medical and surgical managements of diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy","authors":"Yen-Ting Chen , Nishant V. Radke , Sohani Amarasekera , Dong Ho Park , Nelson Chen , Jay Chhablani , Nan-Kai Wang , Wei-Chi Wu , Danny S.C. Ng , Pramod Bhende , Shobhit Varma , Enne Leung , Xiulan Zhang , Fei Li , Shaochong Zhang , Dong Fang , Jia Liang , Zheming Zhang , Huanyu Liu , Peiquan Zhao , Dennis S.C. Lam","doi":"10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME) are leading causes of vision loss globally. This is a comprehensive review focused on both medical and surgical management strategies for DR and DME. This review highlights the epidemiology of DR and DME, with a particular emphasis on the Asia-Pacific region, urban-rural disparities, ethnic variations, and grading methodologies. We examine various risk factors for DR, including glycemic control, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, chronic kidney disease, sex, myopia, pregnancy, and cataract surgery. Furthermore, we explore potential biomarkers in serum, proteomics, metabolomics, vitreous, microRNA, and genetics that may aid in the detection and management of DR. In addition to medical management, we review the evidence supporting systemic and ocular treatments for DR/DME, including anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents, anti-inflammatory agents, biosimilars, and integrin inhibitors. Despite advancements in treatment options such as pan-retinal photocoagulation and anti-VEGF agents, a subset of cases still progresses, necessitating vitrectomy. Challenging diabetic vitrectomies pose difficulties due to complex fibrovascular proliferations, incomplete posterior vitreous detachment, and fragile, ischemic retinas, making membrane dissection risky and potentially damaging to the retina. In this review, we address the question of challenging diabetic vitrectomies, providing insights and strategies to minimize complications. Additionally, we briefly explore newer modalities such as 3-dimensional vitrectomy and intra-operative optical coherence tomography as potential tools in diabetic vitrectomy. In conclusion, this review provides a comprehensive overview of both medical and surgical management options for DR and DME. It underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach, tailored to the needs of each patient, to optimize visual outcomes and improve the quality of life for those affected by these sight-threatening conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8594,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"14 2","pages":"Article 100180"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143584432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100162
Chanchan Wang , Yong Ma , Qiong Zou , Hai He , Yaoqi Ba , Jianling Xiao , Xingtao Zhou , Shengtao Liu
Background
To assess the characteristics of the ciliary sulcus in patients with myopia with different axial lengths using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM).
Methods
A total of 108 eyes from 54 patients were recruited between January and March 2024. Patients were matched for age, cylinder and white-to-white (WTW) ratio, and further divided into a control axial length (AL) group (CON, AL < 26.5 mm, 54 eyes) and a long AL group (L-AL, AL ≥ 26.5 mm, 54 eyes). Anterior and posterior chamber parameters were examined based on UBM. Anterior chamber parameters included sulcus-to-sulcus distance (STS) in the horizontal and vertical orientation, lens anterior surface to ciliary sulcus distance (STSL), anterior segment length (ASL) and anterior chamber depth (ACD). Posterior chamber parameters included ciliary process length (CPL), trabecular–ciliary process distance, trabecular–ciliary angle (TCA), iris–ciliary angle (ICA) and maximum ciliary body thickness in four spatial directions.
Results
The anterior chamber parameters, including STS, STSL and ASL, were significantly lower in the horizontal direction than those in the vertical direction in both groups, whereas STS was significantly lower in the CON group than in the L-AL group. Posterior chamber parameters, including CPL, TCA and ICA, showed significant spatial differences between the two groups. Furthermore, STSL correlated significantly with ACD, mean keratometry and WTW.
Conclusions
Significant spatial differences in ciliary sulcus and ciliary body morphology were observed in patients with axial myopia. In ICL size selection and vault prediction, STS and STSL are potential indicators in preoperative ICL assessment.
背景：应用超声生物显微镜（UBM）评价不同眼轴长度近视患者睫状沟的特征。方法：2024年1月至3月，共招募54例患者的108只眼睛。将患者按年龄、圆柱体、白白比（WTW）进行匹配，进一步分为对照轴长组（CON, AL < 26.5mm， 54眼）和长轴长组（L-AL, AL≥26.5mm， 54眼）。基于UBM检查前后房参数。前房参数包括水平和垂直方向的沟到沟距离（STS）、晶状体前表面到睫状沟距离（STSL）、前房段长度（ASL）和前房深度（ACD）。后房参数包括四个空间方向上的睫状体长度（CPL）、小梁-睫状体距离、小梁-睫状体角（TCA）、虹膜-睫状体角（ICA）和最大睫状体厚度。结果：两组水平方向的前房参数STS、STSL、ASL均显著低于垂直方向，CON组的STS显著低于L-AL组。CPL、TCA、ICA等后房参数在两组间存在显著的空间差异。此外，STSL与ACD、平均角膜密度和WTW显著相关。结论：轴型近视患者睫状沟和睫状体形态存在明显的空间差异。在ICL大小选择和拱顶预测中，STS和STSL是ICL术前评估的潜在指标。
{"title":"Ciliary sulcus characteristics in patients with axial myopia using ultrasound biomicroscope","authors":"Chanchan Wang , Yong Ma , Qiong Zou , Hai He , Yaoqi Ba , Jianling Xiao , Xingtao Zhou , Shengtao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>To assess the characteristics of the ciliary sulcus in patients with myopia with different axial lengths using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 108 eyes from 54 patients were recruited between January and March 2024. Patients were matched for age, cylinder and white-to-white (WTW) ratio, and further divided into a control axial length (AL) group (CON, AL < 26.5 mm, 54 eyes) and a long AL group (L-AL, AL ≥ 26.5 mm, 54 eyes). Anterior and posterior chamber parameters were examined based on UBM. Anterior chamber parameters included sulcus-to-sulcus distance (STS) in the horizontal and vertical orientation, lens anterior surface to ciliary sulcus distance (STSL), anterior segment length (ASL) and anterior chamber depth (ACD). Posterior chamber parameters included ciliary process length (CPL), trabecular–ciliary process distance, trabecular–ciliary angle (TCA), iris–ciliary angle (ICA) and maximum ciliary body thickness in four spatial directions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The anterior chamber parameters, including STS, STSL and ASL, were significantly lower in the horizontal direction than those in the vertical direction in both groups, whereas STS was significantly lower in the CON group than in the L-AL group. Posterior chamber parameters, including CPL, TCA and ICA, showed significant spatial differences between the two groups. Furthermore, STSL correlated significantly with ACD, mean keratometry and WTW.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Significant spatial differences in ciliary sulcus and ciliary body morphology were observed in patients with axial myopia. In ICL size selection and vault prediction, STS and STSL are potential indicators in preoperative ICL assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8594,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"14 2","pages":"Article 100162"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143439683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100181
Francesc March de Ribot, Vivek Pravin Dave, Tham Chee Yung Clement, Paisan Ruamviboonsuk, David Chang, Oliver Findl
{"title":"Eye sustainability here and now","authors":"Francesc March de Ribot, Vivek Pravin Dave, Tham Chee Yung Clement, Paisan Ruamviboonsuk, David Chang, Oliver Findl","doi":"10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100181","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8594,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"14 2","pages":"Article 100181"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143613309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100177
Fan Wu , Yih-Chung Tham , Charumathi Sabanayagam , Seang-Mei Saw
The global burden of myopia continues to expand, and the prevalence of myopia in East Asian populations is of particular concern. With the substantial increase in screen-based electronic devices, screen time has emerged as a potential risk factor. This review examined the relationship between screen viewing duration and myopia risk and public health strategies to reduce screen exposure among children. We conducted an evidence-based review of only meta-analyses investigating screen time and myopia association, searching PubMed from inception to January 20, 2025. Four of the six meta-analyses reviewed supported an association between prolonged screen use (> 2 or 3 hours/day) and increased myopia risk. However, methodological limitations include the predominance of cross-sectional study designs, self-reported screen time measurements, and the lack of cycloplegic refraction in some studies within the meta-analyses. Current public health strategies focus mainly on banning mobile phones in schools and limiting screen time. Technology-based solutions, such as anti-addiction systems, support and complement these strategies. Healthcare providers play a crucial role in assessing screen time patterns in children and providing evidence-based recommendations. Future studies should employ objective screen time measurements, conduct longitudinal analyses with cycloplegic refraction, and evaluate the effectiveness of screen time interventions in myopia prevention through randomized controlled trials. In addition, examining the combined effects of traditional near-work activities and screen time may provide more comprehensive insights into myopia risk factors.
{"title":"From evidence to action: Public health approaches to reducing screen time and mitigating myopia risk","authors":"Fan Wu , Yih-Chung Tham , Charumathi Sabanayagam , Seang-Mei Saw","doi":"10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apjo.2025.100177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global burden of myopia continues to expand, and the prevalence of myopia in East Asian populations is of particular concern. With the substantial increase in screen-based electronic devices, screen time has emerged as a potential risk factor. This review examined the relationship between screen viewing duration and myopia risk and public health strategies to reduce screen exposure among children. We conducted an evidence-based review of only meta-analyses investigating screen time and myopia association, searching PubMed from inception to January 20, 2025. Four of the six meta-analyses reviewed supported an association between prolonged screen use (> 2 or 3 hours/day) and increased myopia risk. However, methodological limitations include the predominance of cross-sectional study designs, self-reported screen time measurements, and the lack of cycloplegic refraction in some studies within the meta-analyses. Current public health strategies focus mainly on banning mobile phones in schools and limiting screen time. Technology-based solutions, such as anti-addiction systems, support and complement these strategies. Healthcare providers play a crucial role in assessing screen time patterns in children and providing evidence-based recommendations. Future studies should employ objective screen time measurements, conduct longitudinal analyses with cycloplegic refraction, and evaluate the effectiveness of screen time interventions in myopia prevention through randomized controlled trials. In addition, examining the combined effects of traditional near-work activities and screen time may provide more comprehensive insights into myopia risk factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8594,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"14 2","pages":"Article 100177"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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