This study aims to forecast the number of anxiety disorders patients who would be seeking treatment at an outpatient clinic in 2011 by comparing two Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models and selecting the most powerful model. Data were collected from the Prasrimahabhodi Psychiatric Hospital database. In order to develop a forecasting model, we used 4 years of data from January 2007 to December 2010 to construct the demand forecast model, whereas those from the following year (January to December 2011) were used to evaluate the model. Forecasted models were constructed with two ANN models: Radial Basis Function (RBF) and Multi-Layer Perceptron networks (MLP). The forecast accuracies for the models were evaluated via Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). The RBF was selected as the final model. The results demonstrated that monthly anxiety disorders patient visits can be predicted with good accuracy using the RBF model technique in time series analysis since the MAPE is below 20%. The majority of patients was female, married, farmers, aged between 40-59 years old and diagnosed with other anxiety disorders (F41). An average of one hundred and fifty patients of all ages attended each month at outpatient services with the highest being 244 and the lowest 76. The forecast cases exceeded the actual clinical cases in the 20-39 age groups. Accurate forecasting of outpatient visits can play a significant role in the management of a health care system.
{"title":"Time series forecasting in anxiety disorders of outpatient visits using data mining","authors":"et.al Vatinee Sukmak","doi":"10.14456/KKURJ.2015.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14456/KKURJ.2015.19","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to forecast the number of anxiety disorders patients who would be seeking treatment at an outpatient clinic in 2011 by comparing two Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models and selecting the most powerful model. Data were collected from the Prasrimahabhodi Psychiatric Hospital database. In order to develop a forecasting model, we used 4 years of data from January 2007 to December 2010 to construct the demand forecast model, whereas those from the following year (January to December 2011) were used to evaluate the model. Forecasted models were constructed with two ANN models: Radial Basis Function (RBF) and Multi-Layer Perceptron networks (MLP). The forecast accuracies for the models were evaluated via Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). The RBF was selected as the final model. The results demonstrated that monthly anxiety disorders patient visits can be predicted with good accuracy using the RBF model technique in time series analysis since the MAPE is below 20%. The majority of patients was female, married, farmers, aged between 40-59 years old and diagnosed with other anxiety disorders (F41). An average of one hundred and fifty patients of all ages attended each month at outpatient services with the highest being 244 and the lowest 76. The forecast cases exceeded the actual clinical cases in the 20-39 age groups. Accurate forecasting of outpatient visits can play a significant role in the management of a health care system.","PeriodicalId":8597,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66675994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ethanolic extracts of various parts of Pluchea indica (L.) Less were analyzed for DPPH radical scavenging capacities, total phenolic contents and antibacterial activities. The results showed that fresh root extract had the most antioxidant activities (0.16 0.001 mg/mL EC50, 20.02 0.177 mg/g TEAC and 15.79 0.008 mg GAE/g total phenolic content). Antioxidative activities of most fresh samples were significantly higher than that of dry samples (P < 0.05). The low antioxidative activities of dry samples might be due to the effect of drying (60 oC for 2 days). In contrast, tea leaves extract exhibited the high antioxidant capacities (0.28 0.012 mg/mL EC50, 11.86 0.519 mg/g TEAC and 3.18 0.012 mg GAE/g total phenolic content) due to the formation of Maillard reaction products during heating at lower temperature for a shorter period (50 oC for 2 hrs). Antibacterial activities assessed by the disc diffusion method showed that all of investigated bacteria were inhibited by the extract of fresh root, fresh twig, dry stem and tea leaves, while the extract of fresh and dry flower, fresh and dry leaves, and dry root showed the less inhibition potential. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of extracts using agar microdilution and disc diffusion method showed significant inhibition activities even at 2 – 16 fold dilutions, with the most effective result in fresh root extract as low as 64 fold dilution. Tea leaves extract also had high inhibitory capacities when the concentrations were 4 - 16 fold dilution. Fresh root extract had the most excellent inhibition potential against Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Salmonella typhimurium (0.16, 0.16 and 0.32 mg/mL MICs, respectively). Inhibitory activities against Escherichia coli were very low. The increase in antioxidant activities did increase antibacterial abilities.
{"title":"Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Indian Marsh Fleabane (Pluchea indica (L.) Less)","authors":"et.al Rawinipa Srimoon","doi":"10.14456/KKURJ.2015.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14456/KKURJ.2015.12","url":null,"abstract":"Ethanolic extracts of various parts of Pluchea indica (L.) Less were analyzed for DPPH radical scavenging capacities, total phenolic contents and antibacterial activities. The results showed that fresh root extract had the most antioxidant activities (0.16 0.001 mg/mL EC50, 20.02 0.177 mg/g TEAC and 15.79 0.008 mg GAE/g total phenolic content). Antioxidative activities of most fresh samples were significantly higher than that of dry samples (P < 0.05). The low antioxidative activities of dry samples might be due to the effect of drying (60 oC for 2 days). In contrast, tea leaves extract exhibited the high antioxidant capacities (0.28 0.012 mg/mL EC50, 11.86 0.519 mg/g TEAC and 3.18 0.012 mg GAE/g total phenolic content) due to the formation of Maillard reaction products during heating at lower temperature for a shorter period (50 oC for 2 hrs). Antibacterial activities assessed by the disc diffusion method showed that all of investigated bacteria were inhibited by the extract of fresh root, fresh twig, dry stem and tea leaves, while the extract of fresh and dry flower, fresh and dry leaves, and dry root showed the less inhibition potential. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of extracts using agar microdilution and disc diffusion method showed significant inhibition activities even at 2 – 16 fold dilutions, with the most effective result in fresh root extract as low as 64 fold dilution. Tea leaves extract also had high inhibitory capacities when the concentrations were 4 - 16 fold dilution. Fresh root extract had the most excellent inhibition potential against Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Salmonella typhimurium (0.16, 0.16 and 0.32 mg/mL MICs, respectively). Inhibitory activities against Escherichia coli were very low. The increase in antioxidant activities did increase antibacterial abilities.","PeriodicalId":8597,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66675432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this study was to apply the GIS-based hydrologic model for simulating runoff in the Upper Lam Ta Kong watershed, an agricultural-forest watershed, Nakhon Ratchasima province, Thailand. The Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method integrated with a Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to simulate the event-based runoff. Model calibration and validation were performed by comparing observed and simulated results at the M.43A and M.89 stations during the monsoon season of year 2011 and 2012, respectively. The runoff model calibration showed that the coefficient of efficiency (E) was 0.74 and coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.83 at the M.43A while E was 0.73 and R2 was 0.78 at the M.89 station. The results of the runoff model validation showed that the E was 0.66 and R2 was 0.75 at the M.43A while E was 0.73 and R2 was 0.87 at the M.89 station. This indicated that the GIS-based curve number method could be applied with satisfactory accuracy to runoff estimation in the study area. This model was also able to estimate varying runoff over the watershed spatially.
{"title":"Application of GIS-based Curve Number Method for Runoff Estimation in Agricultural-Forest Watershed, Thailand","authors":"Tharapong Phetprayoon","doi":"10.14456/KKURJ.2015.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14456/KKURJ.2015.13","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to apply the GIS-based hydrologic model for simulating runoff in the Upper Lam Ta Kong watershed, an agricultural-forest watershed, Nakhon Ratchasima province, Thailand. The Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method integrated with a Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to simulate the event-based runoff. Model calibration and validation were performed by comparing observed and simulated results at the M.43A and M.89 stations during the monsoon season of year 2011 and 2012, respectively. The runoff model calibration showed that the coefficient of efficiency (E) was 0.74 and coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.83 at the M.43A while E was 0.73 and R2 was 0.78 at the M.89 station. The results of the runoff model validation showed that the E was 0.66 and R2 was 0.75 at the M.43A while E was 0.73 and R2 was 0.87 at the M.89 station. This indicated that the GIS-based curve number method could be applied with satisfactory accuracy to runoff estimation in the study area. This model was also able to estimate varying runoff over the watershed spatially.","PeriodicalId":8597,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66675441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged to provide convenience and better lifestyle for users. IoT incorporates many underlying technologies such as man-to-machine and machine-to-machine communication, networking, and sensors. One of the keys in the success of IoT is the data that flows underneath these technologies. This article discusses the challenges and issues in data management in the context of IoT. Different aspects of data in IoT including the sources of data, data gathering, data processing, and the transmission devices are identified and discussed. The challenges brought by the needs to manage vast quantities of heterogeneous data across heterogeneous systems are also discussed in terms of the logical and physical data management and communication network. The data models used in IoT along with the techniques for data control, cleaning, and indexing are discussed based on the characteristics of IoT data. Lastly, a discussion on the benefits and limitations related to data management in IoT is presented along with examples of real-world applications.
{"title":"A Review of Data Management in Internet of Things","authors":"Suwimon Vongsingthong, Sucha Smanchat","doi":"10.14456/KKURJ.2015.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14456/KKURJ.2015.18","url":null,"abstract":"Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged to provide convenience and better lifestyle for users. IoT incorporates many underlying technologies such as man-to-machine and machine-to-machine communication, networking, and sensors. One of the keys in the success of IoT is the data that flows underneath these technologies. This article discusses the challenges and issues in data management in the context of IoT. Different aspects of data in IoT including the sources of data, data gathering, data processing, and the transmission devices are identified and discussed. The challenges brought by the needs to manage vast quantities of heterogeneous data across heterogeneous systems are also discussed in terms of the logical and physical data management and communication network. The data models used in IoT along with the techniques for data control, cleaning, and indexing are discussed based on the characteristics of IoT data. Lastly, a discussion on the benefits and limitations related to data management in IoT is presented along with examples of real-world applications.","PeriodicalId":8597,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66675974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objectives were to survey Aedes aegypti larval breeding habitats and analyze dengue vector indices. This larval vector survey was conducted in Dongklang village in Ubon Ratchathani province over two years in 2012 and 2013. During each year, dengue vector indices, House Index (HI), Container Index (CI), and Breteau Index (BI), were collected for two periods, dry season (January-April) and wet season (May-August). The number of households infested with larvae in the different years and periods were compared using chi-square test. The results showed in 2012, HI, CI, and BI were 52.7%, 19.9%, and 135.1% respectively in the dry season. In the wet season, the indices decreased. In 2013, dengue vector indices again tended to decrease from dry seasonal to wet seasonal periods. The numbers of households that were infested by Aedes larvae did not differ between years and seasons. Dengue vector indices are alternative methods to predict Aedes mosquito distribution and can be used in the making of decisions in relation to the development of health systems, planning, prevention, and control of dengue infection
{"title":"Aedes aegypti larval habitats and dengue vector indices in a village of Ubonratchathani province in the north-east of Thailand","authors":"et.al Jaruwan Wongbutdee","doi":"10.14456/KKURJ.2015.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14456/KKURJ.2015.20","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives were to survey Aedes aegypti larval breeding habitats and analyze dengue vector indices. This larval vector survey was conducted in Dongklang village in Ubon Ratchathani province over two years in 2012 and 2013. During each year, dengue vector indices, House Index (HI), Container Index (CI), and Breteau Index (BI), were collected for two periods, dry season (January-April) and wet season (May-August). The number of households infested with larvae in the different years and periods were compared using chi-square test. The results showed in 2012, HI, CI, and BI were 52.7%, 19.9%, and 135.1% respectively in the dry season. In the wet season, the indices decreased. In 2013, dengue vector indices again tended to decrease from dry seasonal to wet seasonal periods. The numbers of households that were infested by Aedes larvae did not differ between years and seasons. Dengue vector indices are alternative methods to predict Aedes mosquito distribution and can be used in the making of decisions in relation to the development of health systems, planning, prevention, and control of dengue infection","PeriodicalId":8597,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66676042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present study, the optimal conditions of an ultrasound assisted extraction for both capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in hot chilli samples were developed. The parameters affecting the yield of the capsaicinoids such as extraction solvents (methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile and water), solvent to sample ratio, extraction temperature and extraction time were investigated. The capsaicinoid extracts were analyzed by reversed phase-HPLC with photodiode array detector (RP-HPLC-PDA). The optimum extraction conditions consist of 20 mL of 80% (v/v) methanol and water as the extraction solvents and 20 min extraction time at 50oC. The method was applied to determine seven varieties of sweet-to-very hot chilli peppers cultivated. The concentration of the capsaicinoids ranging from 573.44-15220 µg/g was widely found in these samples.
{"title":"Analysis of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin from sweet-to-very hot chilli peppers using an ultrasound-assisted extraction followed by RP-HPLC-PDA","authors":"et.al Supachinee Keharom","doi":"10.14456/KKURJ.2015.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14456/KKURJ.2015.6","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, the optimal conditions of an ultrasound assisted extraction for both capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in hot chilli samples were developed. The parameters affecting the yield of the capsaicinoids such as extraction solvents (methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile and water), solvent to sample ratio, extraction temperature and extraction time were investigated. The capsaicinoid extracts were analyzed by reversed phase-HPLC with photodiode array detector (RP-HPLC-PDA). The optimum extraction conditions consist of 20 mL of 80% (v/v) methanol and water as the extraction solvents and 20 min extraction time at 50oC. The method was applied to determine seven varieties of sweet-to-very hot chilli peppers cultivated. The concentration of the capsaicinoids ranging from 573.44-15220 µg/g was widely found in these samples.","PeriodicalId":8597,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66675955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current study examined the immediate effects of a single-session low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (LF-rTMS) with task-specific training in sub-acute stroke. Sixteen participants were randomly received either active LF-rTMS (experimental group) over the non-lesioned hemisphere or sham stimulation (control group). Consequently, both groups underwent task-specific training with the paretic hand and constrained the non-paretic hand by a mitt for 1 hour. The authors evaluated the corticospinal excitability of the non-lesioned hemisphere (evaluated by motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude) and the behavioral outcomes of both hands (evaluated by total movement time (TMT) of the Wolf Motor Function Test). There were significant differences between the two groups in the MEP amplitude of the non-lesioned hemisphere at post LF-rTMS and post motor training. Comparing to that of the baseline, the experimental group showed a greater decrease in TMT of the paretic hand immediately after active LF-rTMS than the control group. Additionally, the TMT of experimental group further decreased after the motor training and it was significantly less than that of the control group. Therefore, the task-specific training effect was augmented by LF-rTMS to improve the performance of paretic hand in sub-acute stroke.
{"title":"Immediate Effects of Low-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Augment Task-Specific Training in Sub-acute Stroke","authors":"et.al Jenjira Thanakamchokchai","doi":"10.14456/KKURJ.2015.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14456/KKURJ.2015.10","url":null,"abstract":"The current study examined the immediate effects of a single-session low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (LF-rTMS) with task-specific training in sub-acute stroke. Sixteen participants were randomly received either active LF-rTMS (experimental group) over the non-lesioned hemisphere or sham stimulation (control group). Consequently, both groups underwent task-specific training with the paretic hand and constrained the non-paretic hand by a mitt for 1 hour. The authors evaluated the corticospinal excitability of the non-lesioned hemisphere (evaluated by motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude) and the behavioral outcomes of both hands (evaluated by total movement time (TMT) of the Wolf Motor Function Test). There were significant differences between the two groups in the MEP amplitude of the non-lesioned hemisphere at post LF-rTMS and post motor training. Comparing to that of the baseline, the experimental group showed a greater decrease in TMT of the paretic hand immediately after active LF-rTMS than the control group. Additionally, the TMT of experimental group further decreased after the motor training and it was significantly less than that of the control group. Therefore, the task-specific training effect was augmented by LF-rTMS to improve the performance of paretic hand in sub-acute stroke.","PeriodicalId":8597,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66675369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, both lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidant activities in ten varieties of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) crude extracts were determined using three common assays, namely 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylebenzothiaziline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). All the tomato samples exhibited the same activity as that of Trolox. The highest total antioxidant activity (both lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidant) was found in Black Cherry Kham Kaen while that of Mo Kho 40 sample was the lowest. The average values in terms of TEAC were 910.2, 989.4 and 1174 as determined by ABTS, DPPH and FRAP, respectively. These results demonstrated the potential role of high antioxidant property found in all tomato samples
{"title":"Determination of lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidant activities in the crude extracts of ten varieties of tomatoes","authors":"et.al Phitchan Sricharoen","doi":"10.14456/KKURJ.2015.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14456/KKURJ.2015.7","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, both lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidant activities in ten varieties of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) crude extracts were determined using three common assays, namely 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylebenzothiaziline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). All the tomato samples exhibited the same activity as that of Trolox. The highest total antioxidant activity (both lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidant) was found in Black Cherry Kham Kaen while that of Mo Kho 40 sample was the lowest. The average values in terms of TEAC were 910.2, 989.4 and 1174 as determined by ABTS, DPPH and FRAP, respectively. These results demonstrated the potential role of high antioxidant property found in all tomato samples","PeriodicalId":8597,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66676006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Moringa oleifera (L.) leaves contain significant amounts of bioactive compounds with high antioxidant activities. The aim of this study was to determine drying characteristics using microwave drying (MWD) at different MW powers from 150 to 900 W. Quality aspects in terms of total phenolic content (TPC), DPPH radical scavenging activity, color, rehydration ratio as well as HPLC measurement of quercetin and kaempferol. The drying data were fitted to four drying models. It was found that three parameter model gave the best fit. The drying constant was related to the MW power using an Arrhenius model. Effective moisture diffusivity (Deff) increased with MW power. The dominant antioxidants were measured in terms of TPC, DPPH radical scavenging activity, content of quercetin and kaempferol. All antioxidants were increased with increasing MW powers for both whole-leaf and half-leaf. The dried whole-leaf at 900W yielded the highest TPC, DPPH radical scavenging activity, content of quercetin and the lowest total color difference (E*). The dried whole-leaf using MWD at 900W were compared with the conventional drying (tray drying at 60C, 70 min), sun drying (SD) and infrared drying (IRD) in terms of TPC, DPPH radical scavenging activity, contents of quercetin and kaempferol. It was found that the dried whole-leaf using MWD at 900W had the highest TPC, DPPH radical scavenging activity and quercetin content and could increase the retention of TPC (43.28%), DPPH radical scavenging activity (25.64%) and quercetin (64.10%). Therefore, the commercial processing of M. oleifera leaves could be improved by using MWD, as the drying time was considerably reduced and the dried M. oleifera leaves had a higher TPC, DPPH radical scavenging activity and quercetin.
{"title":"Microwave Drying of Moringa oleifera (Lam.) Leaves: Drying Characteristics and Quality Aspects","authors":"Yuparat Potisate","doi":"10.14456/KKURJ.2015.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14456/KKURJ.2015.2","url":null,"abstract":"Moringa oleifera (L.) leaves contain significant amounts of bioactive compounds with high antioxidant activities. The aim of this study was to determine drying characteristics using microwave drying (MWD) at different MW powers from 150 to 900 W. Quality aspects in terms of total phenolic content (TPC), DPPH radical scavenging activity, color, rehydration ratio as well as HPLC measurement of quercetin and kaempferol. The drying data were fitted to four drying models. It was found that three parameter model gave the best fit. The drying constant was related to the MW power using an Arrhenius model. Effective moisture diffusivity (Deff) increased with MW power. The dominant antioxidants were measured in terms of TPC, DPPH radical scavenging activity, content of quercetin and kaempferol. All antioxidants were increased with increasing MW powers for both whole-leaf and half-leaf. The dried whole-leaf at 900W yielded the highest TPC, DPPH radical scavenging activity, content of quercetin and the lowest total color difference (E*). The dried whole-leaf using MWD at 900W were compared with the conventional drying (tray drying at 60C, 70 min), sun drying (SD) and infrared drying (IRD) in terms of TPC, DPPH radical scavenging activity, contents of quercetin and kaempferol. It was found that the dried whole-leaf using MWD at 900W had the highest TPC, DPPH radical scavenging activity and quercetin content and could increase the retention of TPC (43.28%), DPPH radical scavenging activity (25.64%) and quercetin (64.10%). Therefore, the commercial processing of M. oleifera leaves could be improved by using MWD, as the drying time was considerably reduced and the dried M. oleifera leaves had a higher TPC, DPPH radical scavenging activity and quercetin.","PeriodicalId":8597,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66676033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objectives of this study were: 1) to investigate the optimal condition of purple waxy corn cookies (PWCCs) process on the maximal anthocyanin content using response surface methodology (RSM) 2) to evaluate the effects of adding organic acids of PWCCs on the total anthocyanin content (TAC), total flavoniod content (TFN), total phenolic content (TPN), 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging ability (ABTS-RSA), ferrous chelating ability (FCA) and 3) to investigate the effects of storage temperatures of PWCCs on TAC and total plate counts (TPC). The optimum condition for maximal TAC (221.47 µg CE/g) was: 1.08% guar gum content and 24.5% water content (flour base basic). The acidification of PWCCs with four organic acids including citric acid, fumaric acid, glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) and lactic acid at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6% (flour weight basis) could reduce TAC, TFN, TPN, ABTS-RSA and FCA degradations. In addition, PWCCs exhibited a significant decrease in phytochemical and antioxidant degradations as increasing of acid concentrations. However, acidified PWCC with 3% citric acid showed the highest of TAC (269.2 µg CE/g), TFN (398.9 mg QE/g), TPN (688.6 mg GE/g), ABTS-RSA (3.8 mg TE/g), and FCA (544.6 µg EDTA/g). Lightness and chroma values of PWCCs were significantly increased as acid concentrations increased meanwhile hue value was decreased. Storage condition of PWCCs at 4 oC could reduce the anthocyanin degradation and the growth of microbes higher than storage at room temperature. This study confirmed that RSM was appropriately used to maximize the anthocyanin contents in PWCCs and adding organic acids could reduce the phytochemical and antioxidant degradations as well as microbial growth.
{"title":"Optimization of anthocyanin and effects of acidulants on phytochemicals and antioxidant activities in purple waxy corn cookies","authors":"et.al Hathaigan Kokkaew","doi":"10.14456/KKURJ.2015.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14456/KKURJ.2015.8","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of this study were: 1) to investigate the optimal condition of purple waxy corn cookies (PWCCs) process on the maximal anthocyanin content using response surface methodology (RSM) 2) to evaluate the effects of adding organic acids of PWCCs on the total anthocyanin content (TAC), total flavoniod content (TFN), total phenolic content (TPN), 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging ability (ABTS-RSA), ferrous chelating ability (FCA) and 3) to investigate the effects of storage temperatures of PWCCs on TAC and total plate counts (TPC). The optimum condition for maximal TAC (221.47 µg CE/g) was: 1.08% guar gum content and 24.5% water content (flour base basic). The acidification of PWCCs with four organic acids including citric acid, fumaric acid, glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) and lactic acid at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6% (flour weight basis) could reduce TAC, TFN, TPN, ABTS-RSA and FCA degradations. In addition, PWCCs exhibited a significant decrease in phytochemical and antioxidant degradations as increasing of acid concentrations. However, acidified PWCC with 3% citric acid showed the highest of TAC (269.2 µg CE/g), TFN (398.9 mg QE/g), TPN (688.6 mg GE/g), ABTS-RSA (3.8 mg TE/g), and FCA (544.6 µg EDTA/g). Lightness and chroma values of PWCCs were significantly increased as acid concentrations increased meanwhile hue value was decreased. Storage condition of PWCCs at 4 oC could reduce the anthocyanin degradation and the growth of microbes higher than storage at room temperature. This study confirmed that RSM was appropriately used to maximize the anthocyanin contents in PWCCs and adding organic acids could reduce the phytochemical and antioxidant degradations as well as microbial growth.","PeriodicalId":8597,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66676016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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