The aims of this research were to study the effect of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. stamen extract (NNSE) as a natural feed additive on growth performance and intestinal morphology of common lowland frog (Rana rugulosa). Frogs with an average of 16.35±0.68 g were fed with diets containing 0, 1, 3 and 5% of NNSE for 11 weeks. The results showed that final weight, weight gain, average daily gain and specific growth rate of frogs fed the diets incorporated with NNSE were significantly higher than those of frogs fed the basal diet (P 0.05). Villi heights, villi widths, the thicknesses of villi, longitudinal muscularis and circular muscularis in the intestines of frogs fed the diets containing NNSE had significantly higher than frogs fed the control diet (P<0.05). Feeding behavior, feed acceptability and health of frogs in the experimental groups were similar to the control group, indicating that NNSE did not have any toxic effect on frog. The optimal concentration of NNSE observed in this investigation was 5%. Thus, our research supports the use of NNSE as natural feed additive in the diet to improve growth and intestinal morphology of frog.
{"title":"Growth performance and intestinal morphology of common lowland frog (Rana rugulosa) fed diets supplemented with lotus (Nelumbo nuc","authors":"Pattamon Thummek, S. Aoki, P. Munglue","doi":"10.14456/KKURJ.2016.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14456/KKURJ.2016.29","url":null,"abstract":"The aims of this research were to study the effect of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. stamen extract (NNSE) as a natural feed additive on growth performance and intestinal morphology of common lowland frog (Rana rugulosa). Frogs with an average of 16.35±0.68 g were fed with diets containing 0, 1, 3 and 5% of NNSE for 11 weeks. The results showed that final weight, weight gain, average daily gain and specific growth rate of frogs fed the diets incorporated with NNSE were significantly higher than those of frogs fed the basal diet (P 0.05). Villi heights, villi widths, the thicknesses of villi, longitudinal muscularis and circular muscularis in the intestines of frogs fed the diets containing NNSE had significantly higher than frogs fed the control diet (P<0.05). Feeding behavior, feed acceptability and health of frogs in the experimental groups were similar to the control group, indicating that NNSE did not have any toxic effect on frog. The optimal concentration of NNSE observed in this investigation was 5%. Thus, our research supports the use of NNSE as natural feed additive in the diet to improve growth and intestinal morphology of frog.","PeriodicalId":8597,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66676374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Yingchutrakul, S. Roytrakul, E. Chukeatirote, Teerawit Waratrujiwong
Bacillus sp. strain S1-13 was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens with 16s rRNA gene (Accession number: JX441363). The strain S1-13 was expressed and secreted alkaline serine protease (called ASP1-13) when growth in nutrient broth containing with 1% skim milk. ASP1-13 was partial purified with a specific activity of 1,324 U/mg and 2% yield. The molecular weight and isoelectric point of ASP1-13 was determined about 40 kDa and 8, respectively. It was indicated as alkaline serine protease with a broad range of activity at alkaline condition (pH 7-12) and completely inhibited with serine protease inhibitor. ASP1-13 was also active in high temperature (50-60°C) and stabilizes with broad range of pH (5-12), surfactant, oxidant, reducing agent and organic solvent. Finally, the partial amino acid sequence from LC/MS-MS was confirmed similarity with sequence of neutral protease precursor from Bacillus subtilis.
{"title":"A novel alkaline serine protease from bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain S1-13","authors":"Y. Yingchutrakul, S. Roytrakul, E. Chukeatirote, Teerawit Waratrujiwong","doi":"10.14456/KKURJ.2016.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14456/KKURJ.2016.18","url":null,"abstract":"Bacillus sp. strain S1-13 was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens with 16s rRNA gene (Accession number: JX441363). The strain S1-13 was expressed and secreted alkaline serine protease (called ASP1-13) when growth in nutrient broth containing with 1% skim milk. ASP1-13 was partial purified with a specific activity of 1,324 U/mg and 2% yield. The molecular weight and isoelectric point of ASP1-13 was determined about 40 kDa and 8, respectively. It was indicated as alkaline serine protease with a broad range of activity at alkaline condition (pH 7-12) and completely inhibited with serine protease inhibitor. ASP1-13 was also active in high temperature (50-60°C) and stabilizes with broad range of pH (5-12), surfactant, oxidant, reducing agent and organic solvent. Finally, the partial amino acid sequence from LC/MS-MS was confirmed similarity with sequence of neutral protease precursor from Bacillus subtilis.","PeriodicalId":8597,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66676234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sasi Mongkolchaiarunya, P. Vaithanomsat, S. Chuntranuluck
The effect of nitrogen source on ethanol production from 2 weeds, small-flowered umbrella sedge (Cyperus difformis) and cattail ( Typha angustifolia ), was studied. It was performed through a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process using the ethanol-producing yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae TISTR5339. Both lignocellulosic materials were pretreated by steam explosion at 198 o C for 5 minutes then steam exploded pulp was hydrolyzed with Cellic CTec2 (25 FPU/g) to obtain glucose. Different nitrogen sources; ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, urea and peptone, were varied under a control fermentation condition. The result showed that the optimal nitrogen source for ethanol production from small-flowered umbrella sedge was peptone with ethanol yield 71.5% and ethanol productivity 0.27 gl -1 h -1 . Ammonium nitrate was found as an optimal nitrogen source for ethanol production from cattail with ethanol yield 39.6% and ethanol productivity 0.11 gl -1 h -1 .
研究了氮源对小花伞莎草(Cyperus diformis)和香蒲(Typha angustifolia)两种杂草乙醇产量的影响。实验采用产乙醇酵母Saccharomyces cerevisiae TISTR5339进行同步糖化和发酵(SSF)工艺。两种木质纤维素材料在198℃下蒸汽爆炸预处理5分钟，蒸汽爆炸浆用Cellic CTec2 (25 FPU/g)水解得到葡萄糖。不同的氮源;硝酸铵、氯化铵、硫酸铵、尿素和蛋白胨在对照发酵条件下变化。结果表明，小花伞莎草产乙醇的最佳氮源为蛋白胨，乙醇得率为71.5%，乙醇产率为0.27 gl -1 h -1。硝酸铵是香蒲产乙醇的最佳氮源，其乙醇收率为39.6%，乙醇产率为0.11 gl -1 h -1。
{"title":"Effect of Nitrogen Source on Ethanol Production from Weeds by a Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation Process","authors":"Sasi Mongkolchaiarunya, P. Vaithanomsat, S. Chuntranuluck","doi":"10.14456/KKURJ.2016.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14456/KKURJ.2016.38","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of nitrogen source on ethanol production from 2 weeds, small-flowered umbrella sedge (Cyperus difformis) and cattail ( Typha angustifolia ), was studied. It was performed through a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process using the ethanol-producing yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae TISTR5339. Both lignocellulosic materials were pretreated by steam explosion at 198 o C for 5 minutes then steam exploded pulp was hydrolyzed with Cellic CTec2 (25 FPU/g) to obtain glucose. Different nitrogen sources; ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, urea and peptone, were varied under a control fermentation condition. The result showed that the optimal nitrogen source for ethanol production from small-flowered umbrella sedge was peptone with ethanol yield 71.5% and ethanol productivity 0.27 gl -1 h -1 . Ammonium nitrate was found as an optimal nitrogen source for ethanol production from cattail with ethanol yield 39.6% and ethanol productivity 0.11 gl -1 h -1 .","PeriodicalId":8597,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66676785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water resources are constantly under threat from pollution, overexploitation and urbanisation. The European Innovation Partnership on Water (EIP) has identified specific actions to meet the relevant needs which have been codified into 8 priority areas. Focussing on two of the five thematic priorities (water and waste water treatment, including recovery of resources; and water and energy integration, this paper amplifies Blue Economy models aiming to shift society from scarcity to abundance through these new and novel ways. Inland and coastal waters are looked upon as ‘water resources’ that can contribute to the production of sustainable energies. In water reuse, the energy contained in wastewater is also examined in order to contribute to the understanding of the water/energy relationship. Energy is needed for water cycle management; water is needed for energy production and water reuse can help to save both. Biogas production, being an important green energy issue is also examined under the scope of wastewater treatment. Significant energy savings and recovery of nutrients can be achieved on major components of an ‘efficient’ wastewater treatment plant by applying novel blue economy principles. Zones where energy efficiency can be improved, as well as phosphorous recovery is explained always under a holistic water cycle management. Marine based renewable energies are also outlined based on coastal blue potentials and future world energy needs-provided that conventional energy sources are approaching exhaustion. Other general quality issues in coastal environments are presented and examined within the framework of the blue economy principle and thus suggesting actual novel sustainable management techniques.
{"title":"Blue technology-the water-energy interrelationship renewable energies and nutrient recovery","authors":"N. Kathijotes","doi":"10.14456/KKURJ.2016.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14456/KKURJ.2016.21","url":null,"abstract":"Water resources are constantly under threat from pollution, overexploitation and urbanisation. The European Innovation Partnership on Water (EIP) has identified specific actions to meet the relevant needs which have been codified into 8 priority areas. Focussing on two of the five thematic priorities (water and waste water treatment, including recovery of resources; and water and energy integration, this paper amplifies Blue Economy models aiming to shift society from scarcity to abundance through these new and novel ways. Inland and coastal waters are looked upon as ‘water resources’ that can contribute to the production of sustainable energies. In water reuse, the energy contained in wastewater is also examined in order to contribute to the understanding of the water/energy relationship. Energy is needed for water cycle management; water is needed for energy production and water reuse can help to save both. Biogas production, being an important green energy issue is also examined under the scope of wastewater treatment. Significant energy savings and recovery of nutrients can be achieved on major components of an ‘efficient’ wastewater treatment plant by applying novel blue economy principles. Zones where energy efficiency can be improved, as well as phosphorous recovery is explained always under a holistic water cycle management. Marine based renewable energies are also outlined based on coastal blue potentials and future world energy needs-provided that conventional energy sources are approaching exhaustion. Other general quality issues in coastal environments are presented and examined within the framework of the blue economy principle and thus suggesting actual novel sustainable management techniques.","PeriodicalId":8597,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66676337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Sampanvejsobha, S. Siriwattanayotin, N. Rungraeng, P. Wongsa
The polyphenolic compounds in green tea extract i.e. tannins and polyphenols, especially catechins, attribute to organoleptic and heath promoting functions. For tea caffeine, although it is known to stimulate nervous system; however, overuse of caffeine may induce a number of detrimental effects including headaches and migraines. Therefore, this research is aimed at optimizing the separation of caffeine and the major tea polyphenols namely catechins from green tea extract using adsorption/desorption technique. In this study, Assam green tea extract was prepared by boiling 5%w/v tea leaves in 100 mL of acidified deionized water at 95°C for 10 mins. The pH of the tea-hot water mixture in the extractor was controlled at pH 4 using citric acid. This was done to minimize oxidative degradation of active ingredients. Total polyphenol content (TPC) of the fresh extract measured using a spectrophotometer was 8.8%w/v. Thereafter, the extract was evaporated until the final volume was 10 mL. Subsequently, the concentrate was separately flown in different resin columns i.e. polyamide 6, amberlite XAD-7, nylon 6/6 and polyamine at a constant flow rate of 2.7 mL/min. Water-ethanol mixtures (0 to 95%v/v of ethanol) were used as eluting agents in desorption process. It was found that, caffeine and catechins were clearly isolated from each other when the polyamide column was initially desorbed with water (to elute caffeine) followed by 50%v/v ethanol in water (to elute catechins). The recovery percentages of the isolation process for caffeine and individual catechins were 36.4% and in the rage of 28.5 to 98.7%, respectively. Therefore, the purified caffeine and catechins could be further used as ingredients in food, beverage and pharmaceutical industries.
{"title":"Separation of polyphenol compounds and caffeine from green tea extract","authors":"S. Sampanvejsobha, S. Siriwattanayotin, N. Rungraeng, P. Wongsa","doi":"10.14456/kkurj.2016.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14456/kkurj.2016.16","url":null,"abstract":"The polyphenolic compounds in green tea extract i.e. tannins and polyphenols, especially catechins, attribute to organoleptic and heath promoting functions. For tea caffeine, although it is known to stimulate nervous system; however, overuse of caffeine may induce a number of detrimental effects including headaches and migraines. Therefore, this research is aimed at optimizing the separation of caffeine and the major tea polyphenols namely catechins from green tea extract using adsorption/desorption technique. In this study, Assam green tea extract was prepared by boiling 5%w/v tea leaves in 100 mL of acidified deionized water at 95°C for 10 mins. The pH of the tea-hot water mixture in the extractor was controlled at pH 4 using citric acid. This was done to minimize oxidative degradation of active ingredients. Total polyphenol content (TPC) of the fresh extract measured using a spectrophotometer was 8.8%w/v. Thereafter, the extract was evaporated until the final volume was 10 mL. Subsequently, the concentrate was separately flown in different resin columns i.e. polyamide 6, amberlite XAD-7, nylon 6/6 and polyamine at a constant flow rate of 2.7 mL/min. Water-ethanol mixtures (0 to 95%v/v of ethanol) were used as eluting agents in desorption process. It was found that, caffeine and catechins were clearly isolated from each other when the polyamide column was initially desorbed with water (to elute caffeine) followed by 50%v/v ethanol in water (to elute catechins). The recovery percentages of the isolation process for caffeine and individual catechins were 36.4% and in the rage of 28.5 to 98.7%, respectively. Therefore, the purified caffeine and catechins could be further used as ingredients in food, beverage and pharmaceutical industries.","PeriodicalId":8597,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66676177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research aimed to explore suitable pretreatments of anaerobic mixed cultures from the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) granules and sediment before using them as inocula for biohydrogen fermentation. Four pretreatments were employed, i.e., dry heat, wet heat, acid, and base. Pre-treated anaerobic mixed cultures were used to produce hydrogen from cassava starch wastewater at an initial substrate concentration and pH of 25 g-COD/L and 5.5, respectively. UASB granule pre-treated at 105 °C for 2 h, gave a maximal hydrogen production and hydrogen production rate of 173.10 ml H2/L and 12.87 ml H 2/L h, respectively. Maximal hydrogen production (173.10 ml H2/L) was 17 times greater than that of the control (cassava starch wastewater only) (9.67 ml H2/L), indicating a significant enhancement in hydrogen production by use of pretreated seed inoculum. At maximal hydrogen production, a total energy production of 1.86 kJ/L was obtained.
本研究旨在探索将上流式厌氧污泥毯(UASB)颗粒和沉淀物作为生物氢发酵接种剂的厌氧混合培养物的适宜预处理方法。采用干热、湿热、酸、碱四种预处理方法。采用预处理厌氧混合培养，在初始底物浓度和pH分别为25 g-COD/L和5.5 g-COD/L的条件下，从木薯淀粉废水中产氢。UASB颗粒在105℃下预处理2 h，最大产氢量和产氢速率分别为173.10 ml H2/L和12.87 ml H2/L h。最大产氢量(173.10 ml H2/L)是对照(仅木薯淀粉废水)(9.67 ml H2/L)的17倍，表明预处理种子接种体显著提高了产氢量。最大产氢时，总能量为1.86 kJ/L。
{"title":"Evaluation of different pretreatment methods to prepare an inoculum for bio-hydrogen production from cassava starch wastewater","authors":"S. Sittijunda, Sakchai Pattra","doi":"10.14456/KKURJ.2016.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14456/KKURJ.2016.22","url":null,"abstract":"This research aimed to explore suitable pretreatments of anaerobic mixed cultures from the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) granules and sediment before using them as inocula for biohydrogen fermentation. Four pretreatments were employed, i.e., dry heat, wet heat, acid, and base. Pre-treated anaerobic mixed cultures were used to produce hydrogen from cassava starch wastewater at an initial substrate concentration and pH of 25 g-COD/L and 5.5, respectively. UASB granule pre-treated at 105 °C for 2 h, gave a maximal hydrogen production and hydrogen production rate of 173.10 ml H2/L and 12.87 ml H 2/L h, respectively. Maximal hydrogen production (173.10 ml H2/L) was 17 times greater than that of the control (cassava starch wastewater only) (9.67 ml H2/L), indicating a significant enhancement in hydrogen production by use of pretreated seed inoculum. At maximal hydrogen production, a total energy production of 1.86 kJ/L was obtained.","PeriodicalId":8597,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66676349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Our study was focused on optimum physical and nutritional conditions in lipid accumulation of microalgae (Nostoc sp.) from Bueng Boraphet using BG-11 as cultured media. Results showed that the optimum temperature and acid-base value were at 30 oC and pH 7.0, respectively under autotrophic condition. Nostoc sp. was able to properly grow and gave 0.517 g/L dry cell weight and 4.16% lipid content. The optimum nutrition for lipid accumulation by Nostoc sp. was then examined. These conditions were found to be 0.15% potassium nitrate (KNO3), 10% glucose and 0.004% dipotassium phosphate (K2HPO4) at 30 oC, pH 7.0 under mixotrophic condition. Nostoc sp. showed the highest dry cell weight and lipid content at 1.314 g/L and 4.48 percent respectively. The trend of lipid accumulation was depend on the growth rate of Nostoc sp.
{"title":"The preliminary study of lipid production of Nostoc sp. from Bueng Boraphet, Nakhon Sawan Province","authors":"T. Theantana, Raenu Yucharoen","doi":"10.14456/KKURJ.2016.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14456/KKURJ.2016.23","url":null,"abstract":"Our study was focused on optimum physical and nutritional conditions in lipid accumulation of microalgae (Nostoc sp.) from Bueng Boraphet using BG-11 as cultured media. Results showed that the optimum temperature and acid-base value were at 30 oC and pH 7.0, respectively under autotrophic condition. Nostoc sp. was able to properly grow and gave 0.517 g/L dry cell weight and 4.16% lipid content. The optimum nutrition for lipid accumulation by Nostoc sp. was then examined. These conditions were found to be 0.15% potassium nitrate (KNO3), 10% glucose and 0.004% dipotassium phosphate (K2HPO4) at 30 oC, pH 7.0 under mixotrophic condition. Nostoc sp. showed the highest dry cell weight and lipid content at 1.314 g/L and 4.48 percent respectively. The trend of lipid accumulation was depend on the growth rate of Nostoc sp.","PeriodicalId":8597,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66676391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chanettee Makmuang, A. Phianmongkhol, T. Wirjantoro
Rice is an economical commodity for Thailand. Although it is common to directly consume the rice, its commercial value can be increased through processing, such as vacuum impregnation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of moisture contents and rice types on the physicochemical properties of vacuum impregnated rice. Four different rice varieties, including white rice ( Sao Hai ), white glutinous rice ( Kiaw Ngu ), black rice ( Hom Nin ) and black glutinous rice ( Kum Doi Saket ), were cooked in an electric cooker at different water addition to produce cooked rice with moisture contents of approximately 50 or 60%. The cooked rice was then subjected to vacuum impregnation at 50 mbar for 10 min in an impregnation solution of saline solution at a ratio of 1:2 for rice and water, respectively, followed by another 10 min period in the solution as a relaxation time. Physicochemical analyses of the impregnated rice showed that different rice varieties and moisture contents of cooked rice significantly affected hardness, rice volumetric deformation (γ value), volume of rice occupied by impregnation solution (X value), real porosity (e r ), solid gain and water loss (p<0.05). The white glutinous rice with a moisture content of 50.71±0.30% significantly had the highest γ and X values of 1.00±0.64 m 3 /m 3 initial sample and 1.15±0.04 m 3 liquid/m 3 sample, respectively. This rice treatment also significantly possessed the lowest water loss (–94.97±3.06%), whereas the highest solid gain of 2.45±0.16% was determined in the white rice with a moisture content of 49.50±0.55%. For the e r value, the lowest value of this parameter (0.022±0.018%) was found in the black glutinous rice with a moisture content of 50.14±0.22%. Finding from this study clearly suggested rice varieties and moisture contents of cooked rice are important parameters in the application of vacuum impregnation.
{"title":"Vacuum impregnated rice as affected by moisture contents and rice varieties","authors":"Chanettee Makmuang, A. Phianmongkhol, T. Wirjantoro","doi":"10.14456/KKURJ.2016.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14456/KKURJ.2016.52","url":null,"abstract":"Rice is an economical commodity for Thailand. Although it is common to directly consume the rice, its commercial value can be increased through processing, such as vacuum impregnation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of moisture contents and rice types on the physicochemical properties of vacuum impregnated rice. Four different rice varieties, including white rice ( Sao Hai ), white glutinous rice ( Kiaw Ngu ), black rice ( Hom Nin ) and black glutinous rice ( Kum Doi Saket ), were cooked in an electric cooker at different water addition to produce cooked rice with moisture contents of approximately 50 or 60%. The cooked rice was then subjected to vacuum impregnation at 50 mbar for 10 min in an impregnation solution of saline solution at a ratio of 1:2 for rice and water, respectively, followed by another 10 min period in the solution as a relaxation time. Physicochemical analyses of the impregnated rice showed that different rice varieties and moisture contents of cooked rice significantly affected hardness, rice volumetric deformation (γ value), volume of rice occupied by impregnation solution (X value), real porosity (e r ), solid gain and water loss (p<0.05). The white glutinous rice with a moisture content of 50.71±0.30% significantly had the highest γ and X values of 1.00±0.64 m 3 /m 3 initial sample and 1.15±0.04 m 3 liquid/m 3 sample, respectively. This rice treatment also significantly possessed the lowest water loss (–94.97±3.06%), whereas the highest solid gain of 2.45±0.16% was determined in the white rice with a moisture content of 49.50±0.55%. For the e r value, the lowest value of this parameter (0.022±0.018%) was found in the black glutinous rice with a moisture content of 50.14±0.22%. Finding from this study clearly suggested rice varieties and moisture contents of cooked rice are important parameters in the application of vacuum impregnation.","PeriodicalId":8597,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66676608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Panida U-thai, P. Vaithanomsat, Antika Boondaeng, Anfal Talek, S. Chuntranuluck
Oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) , one of the most abundant agricultural residues in Thailand , is an attractive lignocellulosic material for value added agricultural products. They could be used as a raw material for cheap renewable feedstock to produce acids and many other value-added products. This research is to investigate the potential of EFB as a raw material for fumaric acid production through separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) by the selected fungal isolate K20. Steam explosion was used in this study to pretreat the lignocellulosic material. A Cellic CTec2 enzyme (25 FPU/ml) was used to hydrolyze the pretreated material into glucose. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) was applied to optimize the effect of the medium composition including solid loading, (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and Na 2 CO 3 on fumaric acid concentration. The optimized medium consisted of (g/L): solid loading 166.70, (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 0.29 and Na 2 CO 3 3.07. The maximum predicted value of fumaric acid concentration of 5.18 g/L was obtained, which corresponded with the observed values of 5.30 g/L
{"title":"Production of fumaric acid from oil palm empty fruit bunch","authors":"Panida U-thai, P. Vaithanomsat, Antika Boondaeng, Anfal Talek, S. Chuntranuluck","doi":"10.14456/kkurj.2016.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14456/kkurj.2016.36","url":null,"abstract":"Oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) , one of the most abundant agricultural residues in Thailand , is an attractive lignocellulosic material for value added agricultural products. They could be used as a raw material for cheap renewable feedstock to produce acids and many other value-added products. This research is to investigate the potential of EFB as a raw material for fumaric acid production through separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) by the selected fungal isolate K20. Steam explosion was used in this study to pretreat the lignocellulosic material. A Cellic CTec2 enzyme (25 FPU/ml) was used to hydrolyze the pretreated material into glucose. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) was applied to optimize the effect of the medium composition including solid loading, (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and Na 2 CO 3 on fumaric acid concentration. The optimized medium consisted of (g/L): solid loading 166.70, (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 0.29 and Na 2 CO 3 3.07. The maximum predicted value of fumaric acid concentration of 5.18 g/L was obtained, which corresponded with the observed values of 5.30 g/L","PeriodicalId":8597,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66676712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is polyester produced by a range of microbes under unfavorable growth conditions and stored as an intracellular carbon and energy material. PHB production is more expensive than petrochemical polymer production. The main production cost is the cost of carbon substrate. The aim of this study is to produce PHB using a cheap carbon source, crude glycerol, which is a major byproduct in the biodiesel manufacturing process. PHB producing bacteria species were isolated from the soil collected around biodiesel plants and screened by Nile Red staining method. The effects of sources and concentrations of crude glycerol on the biosynthesis of PHB were investigated. The maximum PHB content obtained after 24 hours of batch cultivation was 23.59 % of cell dry weight at initial crude glycerol of 10 g/L and C:N ratio of 1:0.4.
{"title":"Isolation and production of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) from isolated strain bacillus sp. using crude glycerol as a carbon source","authors":"P. Piwpan, Adisak Jaturapiree, P. Jaturapiree","doi":"10.14456/KKURJ.2016.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14456/KKURJ.2016.44","url":null,"abstract":"Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is polyester produced by a range of microbes under unfavorable growth conditions and stored as an intracellular carbon and energy material. PHB production is more expensive than petrochemical polymer production. The main production cost is the cost of carbon substrate. The aim of this study is to produce PHB using a cheap carbon source, crude glycerol, which is a major byproduct in the biodiesel manufacturing process. PHB producing bacteria species were isolated from the soil collected around biodiesel plants and screened by Nile Red staining method. The effects of sources and concentrations of crude glycerol on the biosynthesis of PHB were investigated. The maximum PHB content obtained after 24 hours of batch cultivation was 23.59 % of cell dry weight at initial crude glycerol of 10 g/L and C:N ratio of 1:0.4.","PeriodicalId":8597,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66676950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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