Proteins and enzymes immobilized in confined surroundings of mesoporous materials will develop their structures that are different from those of native solution states. In some cases, the enzymatic activity is shown to be improved when compared to the native solution state. Cytochrome c (cytc) can be used to catalyze the oxidation of some organic substrates in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, i.e. peroxidase-like activity. Immobilization of cytochrome c in mesoporous materials shows improvement of the peroxidase activity. The enhanced activity is reported to be related to the spin configuration of Fe(III) at the active site. In this review, the relationship of the Fe(III) configuration of cytc and the peroxidase activity is discussed. The knowledge on structure-activity of cytc is studied as a model for developing the bio-nano material composites providing better activity of the enzymes.
{"title":"Observation of Fe(III) configurations of cytochrome c confined in mesoporous materials","authors":"Sopraya Pornsuwan","doi":"10.14456/KKURJ.2015.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14456/KKURJ.2015.26","url":null,"abstract":"Proteins and enzymes immobilized in confined surroundings of mesoporous materials will develop their structures that are different from those of native solution states. In some cases, the enzymatic activity is shown to be improved when compared to the native solution state. Cytochrome c (cytc) can be used to catalyze the oxidation of some organic substrates in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, i.e. peroxidase-like activity. Immobilization of cytochrome c in mesoporous materials shows improvement of the peroxidase activity. The enhanced activity is reported to be related to the spin configuration of Fe(III) at the active site. In this review, the relationship of the Fe(III) configuration of cytc and the peroxidase activity is discussed. The knowledge on structure-activity of cytc is studied as a model for developing the bio-nano material composites providing better activity of the enzymes.","PeriodicalId":8597,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66675679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A trial was conducted by applying different sulfate (SO4) rates on methane (CH4) emissions and grain yields (GY) in a field with recently incorporated rice stubble (IRS), 7.5 t ha-1. Ammonium phosphate SO4 fertilizer (42% SO4) was applied at the rates of 0, 50, 100, and 210 kg SO4 ha-1. The whole field was kept flooded with irrigation water. The results showed that the impact of SO4 on CH4 emissions weakened through the stages of rice growth. High daily CH4 fluxes at the reproductive stage governed the quantities of seasonal CH4 emission (SME), and led to a high ratio of SME/IRS. Only the highest rate of 210 kg SO4 ha-1 could reduce SME by 66.9%. The highest GY was 4.08 t ha-1 at 100 kg SO4 ha-1. The whole experiment gave high values of SME/GY and SME/IRS. To reduce CH4 emission without adverse effects on GY, split application of SO4 at 100-155 kg SO4 ha-1 with the last application preferably during the late tillering stage should be tested, along with incorporating rice stubble into the soil immediately after harvest.
在一个7.5 t hm -1的新茬稻(IRS)田进行了不同硫酸盐(SO4)施用量对甲烷(CH4)排放和籽粒产量的影响试验。磷酸铵SO4肥(42% SO4)的施用量分别为0、50、100和210 kg SO4 ha-1。整个田地一直灌满了灌溉水。结果表明，随着水稻生长，SO4对CH4排放的影响逐渐减弱。繁殖阶段较高的日CH4通量控制了季节性CH4排放量(SME)的数量，并导致了较高的SME/IRS比值。最高SO4浓度为210 kg hm -1，可降低SME 66.9%。在100 kg SO4 ha-1时，最高GY为4.08 t ha-1。整个试验的SME/GY和SME/IRS值较高。为了减少CH4排放而不对土壤生长产生不利影响，应试验按100-155 kg SO4 / 1分次施用SO4，最后一次施用最好在分蘖后期，并在收获后立即将稻茬入土。
{"title":"Methane fluxes and rice yields as a function of sulfate fertilizer with incorporated rice stubble","authors":"et.al Patcharee Saenjan","doi":"10.14456/KKURJ.2015.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14456/KKURJ.2015.28","url":null,"abstract":"A trial was conducted by applying different sulfate (SO4) rates on methane (CH4) emissions and grain yields (GY) in a field with recently incorporated rice stubble (IRS), 7.5 t ha-1. Ammonium phosphate SO4 fertilizer (42% SO4) was applied at the rates of 0, 50, 100, and 210 kg SO4 ha-1. The whole field was kept flooded with irrigation water. The results showed that the impact of SO4 on CH4 emissions weakened through the stages of rice growth. High daily CH4 fluxes at the reproductive stage governed the quantities of seasonal CH4 emission (SME), and led to a high ratio of SME/IRS. Only the highest rate of 210 kg SO4 ha-1 could reduce SME by 66.9%. The highest GY was 4.08 t ha-1 at 100 kg SO4 ha-1. The whole experiment gave high values of SME/GY and SME/IRS. To reduce CH4 emission without adverse effects on GY, split application of SO4 at 100-155 kg SO4 ha-1 with the last application preferably during the late tillering stage should be tested, along with incorporating rice stubble into the soil immediately after harvest.","PeriodicalId":8597,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66675688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to increase understanding of the role that tropical forest restoration might play in mitigating global climate change, soil organic carbon (SOC) was determined in a chrono-sequence of plots in northern Thailand; from a site undergoing unassisted natural forest regeneration (control); through 3 sites undergoing forest restoration by the framework species method, aged 2, 7 and 11 years since tree planting (R2, R7, R11); to a nearby area of relatively intact forest (NF). Forest restoration greatly increased SOC stocks compared with pre-restoration data, predicting a return to NF levels in less than 21.5 years after commencement of restoration activities. However, SOC stocks, measured in soil pits dug down to 2 m depth, did not increase in sequence with forest development, as expected: control 205.8 tCha-1; R2, 254.4; R7, 251.1; R11, 161.8 and NF, 244.9. The incongruously low SOC in the 11 year-old restoration plot might be explained by the persistent, overriding, effects of land use history reducing SOC in the lower soil layers. Per cent organic carbon declined with soil depth, following reliable power functions (R2 0.92-0.97): %SOC=k.DEPTHp (k=7.7 to 22.2; p=-0.41 to -0.80). Comparison with other studies showed that forest restoration by the framework species method sequestered more soil carbon than monoculture plantations in the same region.
{"title":"Soil organic carbon stock in restored and natural forests in northern Thailand","authors":"et.al Nuttira Kavinchan","doi":"10.14456/KKURJ.2015.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14456/KKURJ.2015.24","url":null,"abstract":"In order to increase understanding of the role that tropical forest restoration might play in mitigating global climate change, soil organic carbon (SOC) was determined in a chrono-sequence of plots in northern Thailand; from a site undergoing unassisted natural forest regeneration (control); through 3 sites undergoing forest restoration by the framework species method, aged 2, 7 and 11 years since tree planting (R2, R7, R11); to a nearby area of relatively intact forest (NF). Forest restoration greatly increased SOC stocks compared with pre-restoration data, predicting a return to NF levels in less than 21.5 years after commencement of restoration activities. However, SOC stocks, measured in soil pits dug down to 2 m depth, did not increase in sequence with forest development, as expected: control 205.8 tCha-1; R2, 254.4; R7, 251.1; R11, 161.8 and NF, 244.9. The incongruously low SOC in the 11 year-old restoration plot might be explained by the persistent, overriding, effects of land use history reducing SOC in the lower soil layers. Per cent organic carbon declined with soil depth, following reliable power functions (R2 0.92-0.97): %SOC=k.DEPTHp (k=7.7 to 22.2; p=-0.41 to -0.80). Comparison with other studies showed that forest restoration by the framework species method sequestered more soil carbon than monoculture plantations in the same region.","PeriodicalId":8597,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66675632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mangosteen pericarp and tea contain high polyphenol content that has disease preventive properties. This study aimed to utilize mangosteen pericarp for producing added-value product, to evaluate polyphenols stability in green tea drink with mangosteen pericarp extract, and to evaluate the effect of citric acid to the polyphenols stability in green tea drink with mangosteen pericarp extract. Mangosteen pericarp was hot air dried at 50oC until the moisture content reached 7.43±0.10%. Dried mangosteen pericarp was soaked in distilled water, then the total polyphenol content, DPPH, and FRAP of the extracted solution were analyzed. The extract was added into green tea drink at seven different concentrations (0.1-0.7%). The optimum concentration into green tea was evaluated by sensory test, and then it was mixed with gradual concentrations of citric acid (0.06, 0.1, and 0.2%). The results showed that the total phenolic compound, DPPH and FRAP of the extract were 127.39±1.19 mg GAE/ml sample, 44.92±0.68 mmol TE/ml sample, and 21.49±0.13 mM asorbic acid/ml sample, respectively. The optimum concentration evaluated by sensory test was 0.4%. The mixture of green tea drink with 0.4% mangsteen pericarp extract and 0.2% citric acid showed the lowest pH (2.79), the highest total phenolic compound (25.48±0.38 mg GAE/ml sample), DPPH (57.86±1.25 mmol TE/100 ml sample), and FRAP (5.68±0.33 mM asorbic acid/ml sample) compared with the other treatments (p<0.05). Therefore, mangosteen pericarp extract can be applied in green tea drink and provided more polyphenol content for the product. In addition, citric acid enhanced the stability of polyphenol in green tea drink.
{"title":"The Use of Mangosteen Pericarp (Garcinia mangostana L.) Extract to Fortify the Green Tea Drink Enchanced Antioxidant Activity.","authors":"et.al Rufnia A. Afifah","doi":"10.14456/KKURJ.2015.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14456/KKURJ.2015.25","url":null,"abstract":"Mangosteen pericarp and tea contain high polyphenol content that has disease preventive properties. This study aimed to utilize mangosteen pericarp for producing added-value product, to evaluate polyphenols stability in green tea drink with mangosteen pericarp extract, and to evaluate the effect of citric acid to the polyphenols stability in green tea drink with mangosteen pericarp extract. Mangosteen pericarp was hot air dried at 50oC until the moisture content reached 7.43±0.10%. Dried mangosteen pericarp was soaked in distilled water, then the total polyphenol content, DPPH, and FRAP of the extracted solution were analyzed. The extract was added into green tea drink at seven different concentrations (0.1-0.7%). The optimum concentration into green tea was evaluated by sensory test, and then it was mixed with gradual concentrations of citric acid (0.06, 0.1, and 0.2%). The results showed that the total phenolic compound, DPPH and FRAP of the extract were 127.39±1.19 mg GAE/ml sample, 44.92±0.68 mmol TE/ml sample, and 21.49±0.13 mM asorbic acid/ml sample, respectively. The optimum concentration evaluated by sensory test was 0.4%. The mixture of green tea drink with 0.4% mangsteen pericarp extract and 0.2% citric acid showed the lowest pH (2.79), the highest total phenolic compound (25.48±0.38 mg GAE/ml sample), DPPH (57.86±1.25 mmol TE/100 ml sample), and FRAP (5.68±0.33 mM asorbic acid/ml sample) compared with the other treatments (p<0.05). Therefore, mangosteen pericarp extract can be applied in green tea drink and provided more polyphenol content for the product. In addition, citric acid enhanced the stability of polyphenol in green tea drink.","PeriodicalId":8597,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66675664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: To explore the physical health, psychosocial health (time for the family, interaction with the community and generosity among the community), family finance (savings, household debt and expenditure on food), agricultural land and happiness of Ubolratana community-dwellers. Methods: Participants were 2,500 residents of Ubolratana District, Khon Kaen Province, who participated in a 3-day integrated organic farming training course during 2007-2009. By using an interview form, the participants were asked to compare their psychosocial health, family finance and the quality of their agricultural land at the study time with those at the pre-training period. Furthermore, they were interviewed about their perception of physical health condition within the past year. Their level of happiness was evaluated by using a numeric rating scale (1-10). Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and T-test were applied for data analysis. Results: Of the 2,500 participants, 1,695 (67.8%) were practicing integrated organic farming (IF group). The rest of them (non-IF group) did not currently practice because of the lack of their own land, sources of water or time. The number of IF participants who perceived themselves as having good physical health within the past year was significantly greater than that of the non-IF participants (79.6% vs. 70.4%, p<0.001). Positive findings in psychosocial health, family finance and quality of agricultural land were also significantly greater in the IF group than in the non-IF group. The self-reported level of happiness was higher in the IF group than in the non-IF group (7.51.9 vs. 5.31.0, p<0.001). Conclusion: Community-dwellers could benefit from integrated organic farming practice in aspects of their physical and psychosocial health as well as family finance, thereby increasing personal happiness.
目的:探讨乌波拉塔纳社区居民的身体健康、心理健康(与家庭的时间、与社区的互动和社区之间的慷慨)、家庭财务(储蓄、家庭债务和食品支出)、农业用地和幸福感。方法:研究对象为孔庆省Ubolratana区的2500名居民，他们在2007-2009年期间参加了为期3天的综合有机农业培训课程。通过访谈，参与者被要求将他们在学习期间的心理社会健康、家庭经济状况和农业用地质量与训练前的情况进行比较。此外，他们还被问及在过去一年中对身体健康状况的看法。他们的幸福水平是用数字等级量表(1-10)来评估的。采用描述性统计、卡方检验和t检验进行数据分析。结果:在2500名参与者中，有1695人(67.8%)从事综合有机农业(IF组)。其余的人(非if组)由于缺乏自己的土地、水源或时间，目前没有实践。在过去的一年中，认为自己身体健康状况良好的IF参与者的数量明显大于非IF参与者(79.6% vs. 70.4%， p<0.001)。在心理社会健康、家庭财务和农业用地质量方面，IF组的积极结果也明显高于non-IF组。自我报告的幸福水平在IF组高于非IF组(7.51.9 vs. 5.31.0,p<0.001)。结论:社区居民可以从综合有机农业实践中受益，在他们的身体和心理健康以及家庭经济方面，从而增加个人幸福感。
{"title":"Impact of Integrated Organic Farming Practice on Health of People in Ubolratana District, Khon Kaen Province","authors":"et.al Nomjit Nualnetr","doi":"10.14456/KKURJ.2015.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14456/KKURJ.2015.30","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To explore the physical health, psychosocial health (time for the family, interaction with the community and generosity among the community), family finance (savings, household debt and expenditure on food), agricultural land and happiness of Ubolratana community-dwellers. Methods: Participants were 2,500 residents of Ubolratana District, Khon Kaen Province, who participated in a 3-day integrated organic farming training course during 2007-2009. By using an interview form, the participants were asked to compare their psychosocial health, family finance and the quality of their agricultural land at the study time with those at the pre-training period. Furthermore, they were interviewed about their perception of physical health condition within the past year. Their level of happiness was evaluated by using a numeric rating scale (1-10). Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and T-test were applied for data analysis. Results: Of the 2,500 participants, 1,695 (67.8%) were practicing integrated organic farming (IF group). The rest of them (non-IF group) did not currently practice because of the lack of their own land, sources of water or time. The number of IF participants who perceived themselves as having good physical health within the past year was significantly greater than that of the non-IF participants (79.6% vs. 70.4%, p<0.001). Positive findings in psychosocial health, family finance and quality of agricultural land were also significantly greater in the IF group than in the non-IF group. The self-reported level of happiness was higher in the IF group than in the non-IF group (7.51.9 vs. 5.31.0, p<0.001). Conclusion: Community-dwellers could benefit from integrated organic farming practice in aspects of their physical and psychosocial health as well as family finance, thereby increasing personal happiness.","PeriodicalId":8597,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66675766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Prathumpai, Nuntida Sahach-atiraklap, K. Kocharin
Docosahexanoic acid (22:6 n-3; DHA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid that is essential for functional development and maintenance of human brain and is also involved in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, improving neural and retinal development in infants. Schizochytriumsp. BCC 25505, a marine protist, can produce DHA at high yield.In this study, biomass and DHA production of this marine protist were carried out to avoid glucose repression and nitrogen limitation using high cell density cultivation technique. The use of high glucose concentration resulted in a slow growth rate and low biomass concentration. By employing central composite design and by pulsing 40 gL-1 glucose at a time yielded maximum biomass (77.3g.L-1) and DHA (18.5 gL-1) productions.Theoptimal conditions for maximizing DHA production of Schizochytrium sp. BCC 25505 calculated using Design expert software were validated in a 5L bioreactor cultivation, yielding at 97 h a maximum concentration of biomass and docosahexanoic acid of 70.8 and 14.1gL-1 respectively. This was further scaled up in 300 L bioreactor and 115.9 gL-1 biomass, 15.0 gL-1 DHA at 119 h were obtained. This optimal fermentation process can provide a low cost production of DHA, which can be used in industrial scale.
二十二碳己酸(22:6 n-3;DHA是一种多不饱和脂肪酸，对人类大脑的功能发育和维持至关重要，还参与预防心血管疾病，改善婴儿的神经和视网膜发育。Schizochytriumsp。BCC 25505是一种高产DHA的海洋原生生物。在本研究中，采用高密度培养技术，对这种海洋原生生物进行生物量和DHA生产，以避免葡萄糖抑制和氮限制。使用高葡萄糖浓度导致生长速度慢，生物量浓度低。采用中心复合设计，每次脉冲40 g葡萄糖，可产生最大生物量(77.3g -1)和DHA (18.5 g -1)。利用Design专家软件计算出的Schizochytrium sp. BCC 25505最大DHA产量的最佳条件，在5L的生物反应器中进行了验证，在97 h时，生物质和二十二碳己酸的最大浓度分别为70.8和14.1g。在300 L的生物反应器中进一步放大，在119 h得到115.9 g生物质，15.0 g DHA。该优化发酵工艺可提供低成本的DHA生产工艺，可实现工业化生产。
{"title":"High cell density cultivation for docosahexanoic acid production of Schizochytrium sp. BCC 25505","authors":"W. Prathumpai, Nuntida Sahach-atiraklap, K. Kocharin","doi":"10.14456/KKURJ.2015.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14456/KKURJ.2015.11","url":null,"abstract":"Docosahexanoic acid (22:6 n-3; DHA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid that is essential for functional development and maintenance of human brain and is also involved in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, improving neural and retinal development in infants. Schizochytriumsp. BCC 25505, a marine protist, can produce DHA at high yield.In this study, biomass and DHA production of this marine protist were carried out to avoid glucose repression and nitrogen limitation using high cell density cultivation technique. The use of high glucose concentration resulted in a slow growth rate and low biomass concentration. By employing central composite design and by pulsing 40 gL-1 glucose at a time yielded maximum biomass (77.3g.L-1) and DHA (18.5 gL-1) productions.Theoptimal conditions for maximizing DHA production of Schizochytrium sp. BCC 25505 calculated using Design expert software were validated in a 5L bioreactor cultivation, yielding at 97 h a maximum concentration of biomass and docosahexanoic acid of 70.8 and 14.1gL-1 respectively. This was further scaled up in 300 L bioreactor and 115.9 gL-1 biomass, 15.0 gL-1 DHA at 119 h were obtained. This optimal fermentation process can provide a low cost production of DHA, which can be used in industrial scale.","PeriodicalId":8597,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66675382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Duanpen Wongsorn, S. Sirimungkararat, W. Saksirirat
Improvement of eri silkworm tolerant to high temperature condition was carried out by selection and continuous rearing (1 – 12 generation) under high temperature (42±1 °C) and low relative humidity (50±5%R.H.). The eri silkworm rearing at a normal temperature (25±2 °C; 80±5%R.H.) served as control treatment. The result revealed that eri silkworm was continuously tolerant to high temperature of 42±1˚C with low relative humidity (50±5%R.H.) up to 12 generations. Among treated generations with high temperature, the silkworm survived from larva stage (1st – 5th instar) to adult in all generations ranking 16.67 – 54.17%. Between F12 and F1, survival rate of larva – adult stage of F12 was 43.33% less than F1 (54.17%), but not significantly different (P<0.05). For cocoon yields, fresh cocoon weight, pupa weight and cocoon shell weight of F12 were lower than F1. Shell ratio of F12 (11.84%), total cocoon shell weight (5.72g) and fresh cocoon/10,000 larvae (9.39 kg) were not significantly different to F1(11.61 %, 5.72 g and 10.55 kg, respectively). It was clearly, if the egg yields were considered, egg laying/moth, hatchability, total egg laying and total hatchability increased from F1 to F12. The result indicates that the thermotolerant property of eri silkworm SaKKU1 is heritable by high temperature up to F12. This study is a first report on continuously heat tolerant improvement of eri silkworm in Thailand and elsewhere.
{"title":"Improvement of Eri Silkworm (Samia ricini D.) Tolerant to High Temperature and Low Humidity Conditions by Continuously Regime","authors":"Duanpen Wongsorn, S. Sirimungkararat, W. Saksirirat","doi":"10.14456/KKURJ.2015.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14456/KKURJ.2015.15","url":null,"abstract":"Improvement of eri silkworm tolerant to high temperature condition was carried out by selection and continuous rearing (1 – 12 generation) under high temperature (42±1 °C) and low relative humidity (50±5%R.H.). The eri silkworm rearing at a normal temperature (25±2 °C; 80±5%R.H.) served as control treatment. The result revealed that eri silkworm was continuously tolerant to high temperature of 42±1˚C with low relative humidity (50±5%R.H.) up to 12 generations. Among treated generations with high temperature, the silkworm survived from larva stage (1st – 5th instar) to adult in all generations ranking 16.67 – 54.17%. Between F12 and F1, survival rate of larva – adult stage of F12 was 43.33% less than F1 (54.17%), but not significantly different (P<0.05). For cocoon yields, fresh cocoon weight, pupa weight and cocoon shell weight of F12 were lower than F1. Shell ratio of F12 (11.84%), total cocoon shell weight (5.72g) and fresh cocoon/10,000 larvae (9.39 kg) were not significantly different to F1(11.61 %, 5.72 g and 10.55 kg, respectively). It was clearly, if the egg yields were considered, egg laying/moth, hatchability, total egg laying and total hatchability increased from F1 to F12. The result indicates that the thermotolerant property of eri silkworm SaKKU1 is heritable by high temperature up to F12. This study is a first report on continuously heat tolerant improvement of eri silkworm in Thailand and elsewhere.","PeriodicalId":8597,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66675506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, a hardware efficient algorithm for sequential in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) imbalance (IQ imbalance) and carrier frequency offset (CFO) compensation under chromatic dispersion (CD) and phase noise (PN) environment is proposed. Two identical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, which are namely training sequences (TSs), are used to acquire CFO and IQ imbalance coefficients. The CFO is obtained by calculating phase differences between the two TSs. To achieve the image frequency interference factors which are caused by an IQ imbalance effect, each symbol of the TS is modulated on only a half of all the subcarriers while the remaining subcarriers are modulated with zeros. By doing this, the IQ imbalance coefficients are directly estimated without recursive calculation requirements. This brings a low complexity to implementation in hardware. The performances of the modeling system are evaluated by a numerical simulation method where the error vector magnitude (EVM), the bit error ratio (BER), and the mean square error (MSE) quantities are used as performance indicators. The numerical simulation results are showed that the performance of the modeling system is enormously improved even when highly dispersive channels and phase noise are considered.
{"title":"A Very Simple Algorithm of Sequential IQ Imbalance and Carrier Frequency Offset Compensation in Coherent Optical OFDM","authors":"Kidsanapong Puntsr","doi":"10.14456/KKURJ.2015.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14456/KKURJ.2015.14","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a hardware efficient algorithm for sequential in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) imbalance (IQ imbalance) and carrier frequency offset (CFO) compensation under chromatic dispersion (CD) and phase noise (PN) environment is proposed. Two identical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, which are namely training sequences (TSs), are used to acquire CFO and IQ imbalance coefficients. The CFO is obtained by calculating phase differences between the two TSs. To achieve the image frequency interference factors which are caused by an IQ imbalance effect, each symbol of the TS is modulated on only a half of all the subcarriers while the remaining subcarriers are modulated with zeros. By doing this, the IQ imbalance coefficients are directly estimated without recursive calculation requirements. This brings a low complexity to implementation in hardware. The performances of the modeling system are evaluated by a numerical simulation method where the error vector magnitude (EVM), the bit error ratio (BER), and the mean square error (MSE) quantities are used as performance indicators. The numerical simulation results are showed that the performance of the modeling system is enormously improved even when highly dispersive channels and phase noise are considered.","PeriodicalId":8597,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66675454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Secondary air pollutants are formed through series of complex reactions occurred in the atmosphere under favorable meteorological conditions. Commonly known species are ozone and secondary aerosols, secondary inorganic and organic aerosols. Through its complexity, varieties of three dimensional (3D) photochemical dispersion models have been developed globally to simulate formations and dispersions of the secondary as well as the primary pollutants in the atmosphere. CMAQ and CAMx are the state of the science models under “one atmospheric approach”, noncommercial and open-source software. These characteristics are attracted and challenged for future air quality management via model simulations. Applications of CMAQ and CAMx are normally based on several steps: preparation of emission input, modeling set-up and model performance evaluation. This article presents the systematic procedures involved with the use of 3D photochemical models starting from theoretical principles for formation of secondary air pollutants, types of photochemical models and its associated physical and chemical modules, input data preparation including reviews on available emission inventories and lastly statistical methods for model performance evaluation.
{"title":"3D Photochemical Dispersion Models for Secondary Air Pollutant Study: from Input Data Preparation to Model Performance Evaluation","authors":"et.al Thongchai Kanabkaew","doi":"10.14456/KKURJ.2015.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14456/KKURJ.2015.17","url":null,"abstract":"Secondary air pollutants are formed through series of complex reactions occurred in the atmosphere under favorable meteorological conditions. Commonly known species are ozone and secondary aerosols, secondary inorganic and organic aerosols. Through its complexity, varieties of three dimensional (3D) photochemical dispersion models have been developed globally to simulate formations and dispersions of the secondary as well as the primary pollutants in the atmosphere. CMAQ and CAMx are the state of the science models under “one atmospheric approach”, noncommercial and open-source software. These characteristics are attracted and challenged for future air quality management via model simulations. Applications of CMAQ and CAMx are normally based on several steps: preparation of emission input, modeling set-up and model performance evaluation. This article presents the systematic procedures involved with the use of 3D photochemical models starting from theoretical principles for formation of secondary air pollutants, types of photochemical models and its associated physical and chemical modules, input data preparation including reviews on available emission inventories and lastly statistical methods for model performance evaluation.","PeriodicalId":8597,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66675961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effect of high temperatures on the growth, yields and heat shock protein (HSP) production of eri silkworm (Samia ricini D.) was carried out by exposure the 5th instar day 3 larvae to different temperatures, 36±1, 40±1, 42±1, 45±1 and 48±1°C for 3 hours, compared to control treatment by rearing eri silkworm continuously at normal temperature (25±2°C, 80±5%R.H.). After treated with high temperature condition, the eri silkworm larvae were reared at 25±2°C, 80±5%R.H.until cocooning, pupation, adult stage, coupling and laying eggs. The result exhibited that survival rates, cocooning rate and almost yields varied inversely to temperatures especially between 42±1 – 48±1°C. At the highest temperature, survivals and yields were the lowest, while those values were the maximum nearly all control treatments. At 48±1°C treatment, the means of all parameters were the lowest; larva survival (50.00%), survival of larva – adult (38.33%) and cocooning rate (41.67%), which were significantly different to other treatments(P<0.05). Other yields affected by 48±1°C were also the lowest; fresh cocoon weight(2.5078 g), pupa weight (2.1508 g), shell weight (0.3429 g), total cocoon shell weight(2.88 g), fresh cocoon weight/10,000 larvae (10.47 kg), egg laying/moth (287.56 eggs), hatchability (72.67%), total egg laying (1,121.33 eggs) and total hatchability (800.11 eggs). Detection of HSP of 5th instar larvae day 3 of eri silkworm treated with 5 different temperatures (36±1, 40±1, 42±1, 45±1 and 48±1 °C) was performed using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE), compared to control treatment (25±2°C; 80±5%R.H.). The result was clearly that the eri silkworm treated with all high temperatures expressed HSP bands of approximate 50 kDa. Whereas HSP band was not detectable in control treatment. The HSP is applicable in the thermotolerant variety improvement program of eri silkworm.
{"title":"Effect of Temperatures on Growth, Yields and Heat Shock Protein Expression of Eri Silkworm (Samia ricini D.)","authors":"et.al Duanpen Wongsorn","doi":"10.14456/KKURJ.2015.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14456/KKURJ.2015.16","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of high temperatures on the growth, yields and heat shock protein (HSP) production of eri silkworm (Samia ricini D.) was carried out by exposure the 5th instar day 3 larvae to different temperatures, 36±1, 40±1, 42±1, 45±1 and 48±1°C for 3 hours, compared to control treatment by rearing eri silkworm continuously at normal temperature (25±2°C, 80±5%R.H.). After treated with high temperature condition, the eri silkworm larvae were reared at 25±2°C, 80±5%R.H.until cocooning, pupation, adult stage, coupling and laying eggs. The result exhibited that survival rates, cocooning rate and almost yields varied inversely to temperatures especially between 42±1 – 48±1°C. At the highest temperature, survivals and yields were the lowest, while those values were the maximum nearly all control treatments. At 48±1°C treatment, the means of all parameters were the lowest; larva survival (50.00%), survival of larva – adult (38.33%) and cocooning rate (41.67%), which were significantly different to other treatments(P<0.05). Other yields affected by 48±1°C were also the lowest; fresh cocoon weight(2.5078 g), pupa weight (2.1508 g), shell weight (0.3429 g), total cocoon shell weight(2.88 g), fresh cocoon weight/10,000 larvae (10.47 kg), egg laying/moth (287.56 eggs), hatchability (72.67%), total egg laying (1,121.33 eggs) and total hatchability (800.11 eggs). Detection of HSP of 5th instar larvae day 3 of eri silkworm treated with 5 different temperatures (36±1, 40±1, 42±1, 45±1 and 48±1 °C) was performed using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE), compared to control treatment (25±2°C; 80±5%R.H.). The result was clearly that the eri silkworm treated with all high temperatures expressed HSP bands of approximate 50 kDa. Whereas HSP band was not detectable in control treatment. The HSP is applicable in the thermotolerant variety improvement program of eri silkworm.","PeriodicalId":8597,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66675515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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