Pub Date : 2024-02-10DOI: 10.1007/s13313-024-00965-9
Abstract
Vegetatively propagated plants like yam are prone to yield losses by viruses as infection tends to build up in successive cycles of propagation. This study aimed to eliminate yam mosaic virus (YMV) from yam using an optimized combination of thermotherapy and meristem culture. A protocol was optimized for shoot initiation, multiplication, and rooting from shoots of four yam varieties using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with growth regulators. A control at 26 ℃ and a thermo-treatment at 36, and 40 ℃ followed by meristem culture was used to eliminate YMV and verified using double antibody sandwich ELISA (DAS-ELISA) and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. Results showed that the highest explant initiation rate of 87.5% and 83.3% were obtained for variety Bulcha and Aw/Ar/005, respectively, on MS medium with 1.0 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) + 0.5 mg/L naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). While the MS medium with BAP (0.5 mg/L) + NAA (0.25 mg/L) produced the highest initiation rate of 91.7% in variety Aw/Ar/001. The longest mean shoot length of 9.0 ± 0.37 cm was recorded in Bulcha on MS medium with BAP (0.5 mg/L) + NAA (0.25 mg/L). The highest percentage of rooting was obtained on MS medium with 1.5 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) + 0.5 mg/L NAA for variety Bulcha and variety Aw/Wo/011. The maximum YMV elimination (93.3–100.0%) was noted at 40 ˚C thermo-treatment for 20 days followed by meristem culture. No amplification of the 586 bp fragment of YMV was obtained by RT-PCR in all the plants that went through 40 ˚C thermotherapy. The results make significant contribution in improving yam production in many countries, particularly in Africa where YMV is a significant constraint.
{"title":"Elimination of yam mosaic virus from yam using an optimized combination of meristem culture and thermotherapy","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s13313-024-00965-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13313-024-00965-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>Vegetatively propagated plants like yam are prone to yield losses by viruses as infection tends to build up in successive cycles of propagation. This study aimed to eliminate yam mosaic virus (YMV) from yam using an optimized combination of thermotherapy and meristem culture. A protocol was optimized for shoot initiation, multiplication, and rooting from shoots of four yam varieties using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with growth regulators. A control at 26 ℃ and a thermo-treatment at 36, and 40 ℃ followed by meristem culture was used to eliminate YMV and verified using double antibody sandwich ELISA (DAS-ELISA) and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. Results showed that the highest explant initiation rate of 87.5% and 83.3% were obtained for variety Bulcha and Aw/Ar/005, respectively, on MS medium with 1.0 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) + 0.5 mg/L naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). While the MS medium with BAP (0.5 mg/L) + NAA (0.25 mg/L) produced the highest initiation rate of 91.7% in variety Aw/Ar/001. The longest mean shoot length of 9.0 ± 0.37 cm was recorded in Bulcha on MS medium with BAP (0.5 mg/L) + NAA (0.25 mg/L). The highest percentage of rooting was obtained on MS medium with 1.5 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) + 0.5 mg/L NAA for variety Bulcha and variety Aw/Wo/011. The maximum YMV elimination (93.3–100.0%) was noted at 40 ˚C thermo-treatment for 20 days followed by meristem culture. No amplification of the 586 bp fragment of YMV was obtained by RT-PCR in all the plants that went through 40 ˚C thermotherapy. The results make significant contribution in improving yam production in many countries, particularly in Africa where YMV is a significant constraint.</p>","PeriodicalId":8598,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Plant Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139757955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-05DOI: 10.1007/s13313-023-00960-6
Willem H. P. Boshoff, Botma Visser, Cornel M. Bender, Zacharias A. Pretorius
Allium crops are commonly grown in South Africa and harvested as either fresh produce for the domestic and export markets or as seed. Apart from occasional outbreaks on garlic, rust is problematic as a cosmetic disease with unappealing uredinia regularly observed on freshly packed produce of bunching onion and leek in supermarkets. Spore morphology and phylogenetic analysis of five rust samples collected from A. fistulosum (bunching onion) confirmed the causal organism as Puccinia porri. Garlic and bunching onion varieties were mostly susceptible to P. porri, whereas leek varieties were either susceptible or segregating in their response, with bulb onions being resistant. Microscopy of early infection structures showed appressorium formation, stomatal penetration, and a substomatal structure which differentiated into infection hyphae and haustorium mother cells. At microscopy level differences in host response became visible from 48 h post-inoculation onwards with prehaustorial and early hypersensitivity observed as resistance mechanisms in onions.
南非普遍种植葱属作物,并将其作为新鲜产品供应国内和出口市场,或作为种子收获。除了偶尔在大蒜上爆发锈病外,锈病作为一种外观病害也很成问题,在超市里经常可以看到刚包装好的洋葱和韭菜上有难看的锈菌。从 A. fistulosum(丛生洋葱)上采集的五个锈病样本的孢子形态学和系统发育分析证实,病原菌为 Puccinia porri。大蒜和丛生洋葱品种对 P. porri 大多易感,而韭菜品种要么易感,要么反应分离,球茎洋葱抗性较强。对早期感染结构的显微镜观察显示,附着体形成、气孔穿透和气孔下结构分化为感染菌丝和菌丝母细胞。在显微镜下,从接种后 48 小时起,宿主反应的差异就开始显现,洋葱的抗性机制是排气前和早期超敏反应。
{"title":"Pathogenicity of Puccinia porri on Allium in South Africa","authors":"Willem H. P. Boshoff, Botma Visser, Cornel M. Bender, Zacharias A. Pretorius","doi":"10.1007/s13313-023-00960-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13313-023-00960-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Allium</i> crops are commonly grown in South Africa and harvested as either fresh produce for the domestic and export markets or as seed. Apart from occasional outbreaks on garlic, rust is problematic as a cosmetic disease with unappealing uredinia regularly observed on freshly packed produce of bunching onion and leek in supermarkets. Spore morphology and phylogenetic analysis of five rust samples collected from <i>A. fistulosum</i> (bunching onion) confirmed the causal organism as <i>Puccinia porri</i>. Garlic and bunching onion varieties were mostly susceptible to <i>P. porri</i>, whereas leek varieties were either susceptible or segregating in their response, with bulb onions being resistant. Microscopy of early infection structures showed appressorium formation, stomatal penetration, and a substomatal structure which differentiated into infection hyphae and haustorium mother cells. At microscopy level differences in host response became visible from 48 h post-inoculation onwards with prehaustorial and early hypersensitivity observed as resistance mechanisms in onions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8598,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Plant Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139373429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.1007/s13313-023-00943-7
Lerato Dhlamini, Adriaana Jacobs, Nicolaas A. van der Merwe, Brett Summerell, Eduard Venter
Fusarium brachygibbosum Padwick is a phytopathogen with a widespread distribution, infecting various host plants. In South Africa, there is a limited number of studies on the genetic diversity of fusaria, particularly in undisturbed soils. In the current study, the genetic diversity of F. brachygibbosum was investigated using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and mating type genes. The F. brachygibbosum isolates were collected from four different geographic regions within the grassland biome of South Africa. A total of ten ISSR primers produced 64 distinct and reproducible amplicons, with 100% polymorphism. The ISSR markers revealed high levels of intraspecific variation, which is depicted by various genetic diversity indexes. In the analysis of mating type genes, the MAT1-1-2 gene was found among the four populations, but the MAT1-2-1 gene was only present in the population from the Groenkloof Nature Reserve. The data from this study will contribute substantially to knowledge of grassland fusaria of South Africa and their population structure in the grassland biome.
{"title":"The population structure of the Fusarium brachygibbosum species complex in the grassland biome of South Africa","authors":"Lerato Dhlamini, Adriaana Jacobs, Nicolaas A. van der Merwe, Brett Summerell, Eduard Venter","doi":"10.1007/s13313-023-00943-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13313-023-00943-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Fusarium brachygibbosum</i> Padwick is a phytopathogen with a widespread distribution, infecting various host plants. In South Africa, there is a limited number of studies on the genetic diversity of fusaria, particularly in undisturbed soils. In the current study, the genetic diversity of <i>F. brachygibbosum</i> was investigated using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and mating type genes. The <i>F. brachygibbosum</i> isolates were collected from four different geographic regions within the grassland biome of South Africa. A total of ten ISSR primers produced 64 distinct and reproducible amplicons, with 100% polymorphism. The ISSR markers revealed high levels of intraspecific variation, which is depicted by various genetic diversity indexes. In the analysis of mating type genes, the <i>MAT1-1-2</i> gene was found among the four populations, but the <i>MAT1-2-1</i> gene was only present in the population from the Groenkloof Nature Reserve. The data from this study will contribute substantially to knowledge of grassland fusaria of South Africa and their population structure in the grassland biome.</p>","PeriodicalId":8598,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Plant Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139062901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-27DOI: 10.1007/s13313-023-00962-4
Van Dung Tran, Van Long Vu, Huu Tien Nguyen, Quang Phap Trinh
Nematodes are highly abundant soil organisms, and their presence can have profound effects on soil health and plant growth. Among them, Rotylenchus species are known for their economic importance as root ectoparasites or semi-endoparasites, inflicting damage on a wide variety of economically important plants. Their impact on agricultural crops, ornamentals, and fruit and forest trees makes them significant subjects for study. In this paper, we present an updated species list of Rotylenchus spp., a genus of spiral plant-parasitic nematodes belonging to the family Hoplolaimidae. As of the current research, 107 species within the Rotylenchus genus have been recognized. To facilitate the identification of Rotylenchus species, we introduce a novel browser-based interactive key for the identification of such huge number of species. This web-assisted tool utilizes a list of 48 diagnostic character-states belonging to 11 characters for identifying 107 Rotylenchus species, providing an easy and accurate method for the identification of these plant-parasitic nematodes. This paper contributes to the understanding of Rotylenchus species’ diversity and their taxonomy while offering a valuable tool to aid researchers, agricultural professionals, and plant pathologists in accurate species identification and subsequent management strategies.
{"title":"An updated species list of the genus Rotylenchus (Nematoda: Hoplolaimidae) and a browser-based interactive key for species identification","authors":"Van Dung Tran, Van Long Vu, Huu Tien Nguyen, Quang Phap Trinh","doi":"10.1007/s13313-023-00962-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13313-023-00962-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nematodes are highly abundant soil organisms, and their presence can have profound effects on soil health and plant growth. Among them, <i>Rotylenchus</i> species are known for their economic importance as root ectoparasites or semi-endoparasites, inflicting damage on a wide variety of economically important plants. Their impact on agricultural crops, ornamentals, and fruit and forest trees makes them significant subjects for study. In this paper, we present an updated species list of <i>Rotylenchus</i> spp., a genus of spiral plant-parasitic nematodes belonging to the family Hoplolaimidae. As of the current research, 107 species within the <i>Rotylenchus</i> genus have been recognized. To facilitate the identification of <i>Rotylenchus</i> species, we introduce a novel browser-based interactive key for the identification of such huge number of species. This web-assisted tool utilizes a list of 48 diagnostic character-states belonging to 11 characters for identifying 107 <i>Rotylenchus</i> species, providing an easy and accurate method for the identification of these plant-parasitic nematodes. This paper contributes to the understanding of <i>Rotylenchus</i> species’ diversity and their taxonomy while offering a valuable tool to aid researchers, agricultural professionals, and plant pathologists in accurate species identification and subsequent management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8598,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Plant Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139057068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-21DOI: 10.1007/s13313-023-00961-5
K. L. McDougall, E. C. Liew
{"title":"Dispersal of Phytophthora species by off-road vehicles in New South Wales","authors":"K. L. McDougall, E. C. Liew","doi":"10.1007/s13313-023-00961-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13313-023-00961-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8598,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Plant Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138952120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-12DOI: 10.1007/s13313-023-00959-z
Diana A. Al-Quwaie
{"title":"The role of Streptomyces species in controlling plant diseases: a comprehensive review","authors":"Diana A. Al-Quwaie","doi":"10.1007/s13313-023-00959-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13313-023-00959-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8598,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Plant Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139007550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-10DOI: 10.1007/s13313-023-00958-0
Parisa Hassan-Sheikhi, Jahangir Heydarnejad, Maryam Esmaeili, Anders Kvarnheden
Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L., Fabaceae) is a shade tree and commonly used in urban green spaces in Iran. In the current study, 13 symptomatic black locust samples showing withering and decline were collected within the campus of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman (southeastern Iran) and sophora yellow stunt virus (SYSV, genus Nanovirus, family Nanoviridae) was detected in two samples using nanovirus degenerate primers by PCR assay and sequencing of amplicons. Subsequently, eight genome components of the Rob4 isolate were amplified using specific primer pairs and sequenced. Sequence analysis showed that the Rob4 isolate shared 93.3–99.8% nucleotide identity with the previously sequenced genome of isolate Ta1 from a plant of Sophora alopecuroides also growing at the university campus and 68.9–99.8% nucleotide identity with the other sequences of SYSV available in GenBank. To demonstrate the pathogenesis of SYSV in black locust seedlings, previously constructed clones of the SYSV genome components were used for agroinoculation resulting in the appearance of severe symptoms followed by wilting and death of seedlings. Based on the results of this study, black locust tree is identified as a permanent reservoir host of SYSV in Iran. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the infection of a nanovirus with a symptomatic perennial tree having woody trunk.
黑刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia L.,豆科)是一种遮荫树,常用于伊朗的城市绿地。本研究在伊朗东南部克尔曼沙希德-巴霍纳尔大学(Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman)校园内采集了 13 个出现枯萎和衰退症状的黑穗槐样本,通过 PCR 检测和扩增子测序,使用纳米病毒退化引物在两个样本中检测到了黑穗槐黄矮病病毒(SYSV,纳米病毒属,纳米病毒科)。随后,使用特定引物对扩增了 Rob4 分离物的八个基因组成分并进行了测序。序列分析表明,Rob4分离株与之前从同样生长在该大学校园的一株国槐上分离的Ta1分离株的基因组测序结果有93.3-99.8%的核苷酸同一性,与GenBank中的其他SYSV序列有68.9-99.8%的核苷酸同一性。为了证明 SYSV 在黑刺槐幼苗中的致病机理,使用先前构建的 SYSV 基因组克隆成分进行农业接种,结果幼苗出现严重症状,随后枯萎死亡。根据这项研究的结果,黑刺槐被确定为伊朗 SYSV 的永久贮存宿主。据我们所知,这是首次报道纳米病毒感染有症状的多年生木质树干树木。
{"title":"Black locust tree—a potentially important reservoir host of sophora yellow stunt virus in Iran","authors":"Parisa Hassan-Sheikhi, Jahangir Heydarnejad, Maryam Esmaeili, Anders Kvarnheden","doi":"10.1007/s13313-023-00958-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13313-023-00958-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Black locust (<i>Robinia pseudoacacia</i> L., Fabaceae) is a shade tree and commonly used in urban green spaces in Iran. In the current study, 13 symptomatic black locust samples showing withering and decline were collected within the campus of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman (southeastern Iran) and sophora yellow stunt virus (SYSV, genus <i>Nanovirus</i>, family <i>Nanoviridae</i>) was detected in two samples using nanovirus degenerate primers by PCR assay and sequencing of amplicons. Subsequently, eight genome components of the Rob4 isolate were amplified using specific primer pairs and sequenced. Sequence analysis showed that the Rob4 isolate shared 93.3–99.8% nucleotide identity with the previously sequenced genome of isolate Ta1 from a plant of <i>Sophora alopecuroides</i> also growing at the university campus and 68.9–99.8% nucleotide identity with the other sequences of SYSV available in GenBank. To demonstrate the pathogenesis of SYSV in black locust seedlings, previously constructed clones of the SYSV genome components were used for agroinoculation resulting in the appearance of severe symptoms followed by wilting and death of seedlings. Based on the results of this study, black locust tree is identified as a permanent reservoir host of SYSV in Iran. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the infection of a nanovirus with a symptomatic perennial tree having woody trunk.</p>","PeriodicalId":8598,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Plant Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138564057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.1007/s13313-023-00955-3
Pengfei Li, Xueru Yin, Yuheng Yang, Yang Yu, Anfei Fang, Binnian Tian, Chaowei Bi
Gray mold is a common and severe disease that affects strawberry production and storage. To clarify the occurrence and mechanism of Botrytis cinerea in strawberry resistance to boscalid [2-Chloro-N-(4'-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl) nicotinamide], a widely used fungicide, 137 isolates of Botrytis cinerea in strawberry were collected from Beibei, Xiema, and Changshou of Chongqing by random sampling method in 2021–2022 and monitored for resistance in the field by the discriminatory dosage method. The succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) related gene of 55 resistant strains was sequenced, and molecular docking was used to predict the binding mode of boscalid to wild-type and mutant SDH of B. cinerea. The results showed that the resistance frequency of B. cinerea to boscalid in Chongqing was 93.43%. Mutation sites on the B subunit of SDH were found in 45 of the 55 resistant strains, with three primary mutation types, P225F, N230I, and H272R, responsible for 43.6%, 16.4%, and 21.8% of mutations, respectively. Out of the 55 resistant strains, five were found to have mutation sites on the C subunit of SDH. Only one mutation type, G85A+I93V+M158V+V168I, was observed in these strains, where four amino acids were mutated simultaneously. However, no mutation sites were detected in the remaining five resistant strains. Molecular docking results predicted that the P225F mutation prevented boscalid from entering the binding pocket, which affects the formation of hydrogen bonds and other interaction forces and ultimately hinders the ability of boscalid to bind to SDH. The H272R mutation narrows the cavity bottom of the binding pocket and rotates part of the boscalid chemical bond, while the N230I mutation has no effect on boscalid binding. This study clarified the occurrence and mechanism of boscalid resistance in B. cinerea in the Chongqing region, and the results provide an experimental data for formulating strawberry gray mold management strategies and also provide some insights for the development of succinic dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) fungicides.
{"title":"Field resistance to boscalid and molecular mechanisms of strawberry Botrytis cinerea in Chongqing, China","authors":"Pengfei Li, Xueru Yin, Yuheng Yang, Yang Yu, Anfei Fang, Binnian Tian, Chaowei Bi","doi":"10.1007/s13313-023-00955-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13313-023-00955-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Gray mold is a common and severe disease that affects strawberry production and storage. To clarify the occurrence and mechanism of <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> in strawberry resistance to boscalid [2-Chloro-N-(4'-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl) nicotinamide], a widely used fungicide, 137 isolates of <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> in strawberry were collected from Beibei, Xiema, and Changshou of Chongqing by random sampling method in 2021–2022 and monitored for resistance in the field by the discriminatory dosage method. The succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) related gene of 55 resistant strains was sequenced, and molecular docking was used to predict the binding mode of boscalid to wild-type and mutant SDH of <i>B. cinerea</i>. The results showed that the resistance frequency of <i>B. cinerea</i> to boscalid in Chongqing was 93.43%. Mutation sites on the B subunit of SDH were found in 45 of the 55 resistant strains, with three primary mutation types, P225F, N230I, and H272R, responsible for 43.6%, 16.4%, and 21.8% of mutations, respectively. Out of the 55 resistant strains, five were found to have mutation sites on the C subunit of SDH. Only one mutation type, G85A+I93V+M158V+V168I, was observed in these strains, where four amino acids were mutated simultaneously. However, no mutation sites were detected in the remaining five resistant strains. Molecular docking results predicted that the P225F mutation prevented boscalid from entering the binding pocket, which affects the formation of hydrogen bonds and other interaction forces and ultimately hinders the ability of boscalid to bind to SDH. The H272R mutation narrows the cavity bottom of the binding pocket and rotates part of the boscalid chemical bond, while the N230I mutation has no effect on boscalid binding. This study clarified the occurrence and mechanism of boscalid resistance in <i>B. cinerea</i> in the Chongqing region, and the results provide an experimental data for formulating strawberry gray mold management strategies and also provide some insights for the development of succinic dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) fungicides.</p>","PeriodicalId":8598,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Plant Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138556444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.1007/s13313-023-00953-5
Zaheer Khalid, Mahmoud Ahmed Amer, Muhammad Amir, Khadim Hussain, Ibrahim Al-Shahwan, Mohammed Ali Al-Saleh
{"title":"Serological detection of important pepper viruses and characterisation of pepper mild mottle virus in Saudi Arabia","authors":"Zaheer Khalid, Mahmoud Ahmed Amer, Muhammad Amir, Khadim Hussain, Ibrahim Al-Shahwan, Mohammed Ali Al-Saleh","doi":"10.1007/s13313-023-00953-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13313-023-00953-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8598,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Plant Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134991503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}