Pub Date : 1996-08-01DOI: 10.1111/J.1440-6055.1996.TB01397.X
J. Ireson, W. Webb
A redistribution program for N. capillatus in Tasmania was undertaken by direct transfer of live predators from established sites. Acceleration of the slow natural dispersal rate was facilitated by field vacuum collections being possible for 8 months/year, excluding winter and early spring when active stages of N. capillatus were in low numbers or absent. Intermittent collections, mostly between October 1992 and May 1995, resulted in the release of 933,600 N. capillatus into 494 Tasmanian dairy pastures. The predator established at about 90% of these sites. Establishment of the predator on every dairy farm in Tasmania on which S. viridis is a pest is considered a relatively easy short‐term procedure.
{"title":"Redistribution and Establishment of Neomolgus capillatus (Kramer) (Acarina: Bdellidae) for the Biological Control of Sminthurus viridis (L.) (Collembola: Sminthuridae) in Tasmania","authors":"J. Ireson, W. Webb","doi":"10.1111/J.1440-6055.1996.TB01397.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1440-6055.1996.TB01397.X","url":null,"abstract":"A redistribution program for N. capillatus in Tasmania was undertaken by direct transfer of live predators from established sites. Acceleration of the slow natural dispersal rate was facilitated by field vacuum collections being possible for 8 months/year, excluding winter and early spring when active stages of N. capillatus were in low numbers or absent. Intermittent collections, mostly between October 1992 and May 1995, resulted in the release of 933,600 N. capillatus into 494 Tasmanian dairy pastures. The predator established at about 90% of these sites. Establishment of the predator on every dairy farm in Tasmania on which S. viridis is a pest is considered a relatively easy short‐term procedure.","PeriodicalId":8614,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/J.1440-6055.1996.TB01397.X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63106313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-08-01DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-6055.1996.tb01388.x
P. Taverner, D. Hopkins, K. Henry
A simple sticky‐trap method suitable for estimating the abundance of Srninthurus viridis on annual medic pastures was developed and compared to a standard coring method. The sticky‐trap was developed for sampling in newly established medic pastures when cores cannot be removed intact due to insufficient plant material, particularly on dry or sandy soils. This method provides a quick estimate of S. viridis population density in the field.
{"title":"A Method for Sampling Lucerne Flea, Sminthurus viridis L. (Collembola: Sminthuridae), in Annual Medic Pastures","authors":"P. Taverner, D. Hopkins, K. Henry","doi":"10.1111/j.1440-6055.1996.tb01388.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1996.tb01388.x","url":null,"abstract":"A simple sticky‐trap method suitable for estimating the abundance of Srninthurus viridis on annual medic pastures was developed and compared to a standard coring method. The sticky‐trap was developed for sampling in newly established medic pastures when cores cannot be removed intact due to insufficient plant material, particularly on dry or sandy soils. This method provides a quick estimate of S. viridis population density in the field.","PeriodicalId":8614,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1996.tb01388.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63106653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-08-01DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-6055.1996.tb01386.x
B. Wallbank
Infestations of Oryzaephilus surinamensis, sawtoothed grain beetle, from consolidated off‐farm grain bulks in New South Wales were monitored for resistance to organophosphorus grain protectants by impregnated filter paper tests. Resistance to fenitrothion, pirimiphos‐methyl or chlorpyrifos‐methyl was detected in 95%, 95% and 67% of the infestations, and maximum resistance factors compared with a susceptible strain were 85, 55 and 32 times, respectively. Most strains were either resistant to all three insecticides or were resistant to fenitrothion and pirimiphos‐methyl only. Grain treated initially with chlorpyrifos‐methyl 10 mg/kg suppressed strains with strong resistance to fenitrothion or chlorpyrifos‐methyl by >90% after 4 months aging. The usefulness of chlorpyrifos‐methyl in a control strategy for effective grain protection is discussed.
{"title":"Resistance to Organophosphorus Grain Protectants in Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) from Off‐farm Grain Storages in New South Wales","authors":"B. Wallbank","doi":"10.1111/j.1440-6055.1996.tb01386.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1996.tb01386.x","url":null,"abstract":"Infestations of Oryzaephilus surinamensis, sawtoothed grain beetle, from consolidated off‐farm grain bulks in New South Wales were monitored for resistance to organophosphorus grain protectants by impregnated filter paper tests. Resistance to fenitrothion, pirimiphos‐methyl or chlorpyrifos‐methyl was detected in 95%, 95% and 67% of the infestations, and maximum resistance factors compared with a susceptible strain were 85, 55 and 32 times, respectively. Most strains were either resistant to all three insecticides or were resistant to fenitrothion and pirimiphos‐methyl only. Grain treated initially with chlorpyrifos‐methyl 10 mg/kg suppressed strains with strong resistance to fenitrothion or chlorpyrifos‐methyl by >90% after 4 months aging. The usefulness of chlorpyrifos‐methyl in a control strategy for effective grain protection is discussed.","PeriodicalId":8614,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1996.tb01386.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63106638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-08-01DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-6055.1996.tb01401.x
P. Cranston
Two species of the chironomine genus Dicrotendipes Kieffer, D. balciunasi Epler, 1988 and D. lindae Epler, 1988 are described, and the queried generic placement is confirmed. The subtropical to tropical distribution of both species is documented, and information provided on their larval ecology and responses to pollution.
描述了两种chironomine属Dicrotendipes Kieffer, D. balciunasi Epler, 1988和D. lindae Epler, 1988，并确认了所查询的属位。记录了这两种物种的亚热带到热带分布，并提供了它们的幼虫生态和对污染的反应的信息。
{"title":"Immature Stages of Two Unusual Species of Dicrotendipes (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Australia","authors":"P. Cranston","doi":"10.1111/j.1440-6055.1996.tb01401.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1996.tb01401.x","url":null,"abstract":"Two species of the chironomine genus Dicrotendipes Kieffer, D. balciunasi Epler, 1988 and D. lindae Epler, 1988 are described, and the queried generic placement is confirmed. The subtropical to tropical distribution of both species is documented, and information provided on their larval ecology and responses to pollution.","PeriodicalId":8614,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1996.tb01401.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63106857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-05-01DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-6055.1996.tb01369.x
T. New
The roles of detailed taxonomic interpretation in insect surveys are discussed, with emphasis on rapid biodiversity assessment, the levels of focus or penetration needed in particular contexts, and optimising the use of limited taxonomist expertise and resources. Quality control necessitates taxonomic accuracy and precision, and approaches to increasing these are noted. The complementary roles of taxonomists and ecologists in undertaking and analysing insect surveys are outlined, and a practical agenda linking their expertise is suggested as a means of improving capability in insect surveys for practical conservation.
{"title":"Taxonomic Focus and Quality Control in Insect Surveys for Biodiversity Conservation","authors":"T. New","doi":"10.1111/j.1440-6055.1996.tb01369.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1996.tb01369.x","url":null,"abstract":"The roles of detailed taxonomic interpretation in insect surveys are discussed, with emphasis on rapid biodiversity assessment, the levels of focus or penetration needed in particular contexts, and optimising the use of limited taxonomist expertise and resources. Quality control necessitates taxonomic accuracy and precision, and approaches to increasing these are noted. The complementary roles of taxonomists and ecologists in undertaking and analysing insect surveys are outlined, and a practical agenda linking their expertise is suggested as a means of improving capability in insect surveys for practical conservation.","PeriodicalId":8614,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1996.tb01369.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63105512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-05-01DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-6055.1996.tb01372.x
G. Taylor, P. Weinstein
The food sources of cave‐dwelling insects are difficult to document, and those of root‐feeding cixiid nymphs (Hemiptera: Cixiidae) particularly so because of their tendency to jump from their substrates upon the slightest disturbance. By histologically staining the stylet sheath left by Oliarus sp. feeding on Ficus roots, we establish the host association beyond doubt. Histological sections also demonstrate that Oliarus feeds in the cells of the endoderm and within the xylem vessels. The technique we describe can be used to determine host relationships for cave‐dwelling Cixiidae in general, providing an additional angle for the study of the evolutionary history of cave adaptation in this group.
{"title":"Confirmation of Host Plant of Cave‐Dwelling Cixiid Planthoppers (Hemiptera: Cixiidae) by Histological Sectioning of Fig Roots","authors":"G. Taylor, P. Weinstein","doi":"10.1111/j.1440-6055.1996.tb01372.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1996.tb01372.x","url":null,"abstract":"The food sources of cave‐dwelling insects are difficult to document, and those of root‐feeding cixiid nymphs (Hemiptera: Cixiidae) particularly so because of their tendency to jump from their substrates upon the slightest disturbance. By histologically staining the stylet sheath left by Oliarus sp. feeding on Ficus roots, we establish the host association beyond doubt. Histological sections also demonstrate that Oliarus feeds in the cells of the endoderm and within the xylem vessels. The technique we describe can be used to determine host relationships for cave‐dwelling Cixiidae in general, providing an additional angle for the study of the evolutionary history of cave adaptation in this group.","PeriodicalId":8614,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1996.tb01372.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63105842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-05-01DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-6055.1996.tb01373.x
B. Franzmann
The level of resistance to the sorghum midge, Contarinia sorghicola, in a range of grain sorghum hybrids was assessed: in the laboratory, by measuring oviposition (eggs/spikelet and % spikelets infested); in the glasshouse, by measuring oviposition and seed set; and in the field, by measuring panicle weight loss per ovipositing female per day. The levels of oviposition and seed set determined in the laboratory and glasshouse trials were significantly correlated with the field parameter. Number of eggs per spikelet was the laboratory parameter most highly correlated with the field result (r = 0.93, P < 0.01). Studies on the rate of oviposition under the conditions of the bioassay confirmed 6 h as an appropriate interval to expose panicles to midges. A laboratory method based on estimating the number of eggs produced by 5 midge females on 50 flowering spikelets in 6 h at 25°C and 75%orh is suggested as a practical method of testing for level of resistance in those sorghum hybrids showing ovipositional antixenosis.
对一系列高粱杂交种对高粱蠓的抗性水平进行了评估:在实验室中，通过测量产卵量(卵/小穗和被侵染小穗百分比);在温室中，通过测定产卵量和结实率;在田间，通过测量每只产卵雌蜂每天的穗重损失。在实验室和温室试验中测定的产卵和结实率与田间参数显著相关。每穗卵数与田间结果相关性最高(r = 0.93, P < 0.01)。在生物测定条件下对其产卵率进行研究，确定6 h为适宜的暴露时间。在25°C和75%的温度条件下，用5只雌蠓在50颗开花小穗上6 h内产卵数的实验方法，可作为测定抗异卵症高粱杂交种抗性水平的实用方法。
{"title":"Evaluation of a Laboratory Bioassay for Determining Resistance Levels to Sorghum Midge Contarinia sorghicola (Coquillett) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Grain Sorghum","authors":"B. Franzmann","doi":"10.1111/j.1440-6055.1996.tb01373.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1996.tb01373.x","url":null,"abstract":"The level of resistance to the sorghum midge, Contarinia sorghicola, in a range of grain sorghum hybrids was assessed: in the laboratory, by measuring oviposition (eggs/spikelet and % spikelets infested); in the glasshouse, by measuring oviposition and seed set; and in the field, by measuring panicle weight loss per ovipositing female per day. The levels of oviposition and seed set determined in the laboratory and glasshouse trials were significantly correlated with the field parameter. Number of eggs per spikelet was the laboratory parameter most highly correlated with the field result (r = 0.93, P < 0.01). Studies on the rate of oviposition under the conditions of the bioassay confirmed 6 h as an appropriate interval to expose panicles to midges. A laboratory method based on estimating the number of eggs produced by 5 midge females on 50 flowering spikelets in 6 h at 25°C and 75%orh is suggested as a practical method of testing for level of resistance in those sorghum hybrids showing ovipositional antixenosis.","PeriodicalId":8614,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1996.tb01373.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63105952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-05-01DOI: 10.1111/J.1440-6055.1996.TB01375.X
J. Balciunas, DAMIEN W. Burrows
During a project to detect and evaluate potential biological control agents for the submersed aquatic weed, hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata), the distribution, abundance and field host‐range of a recently described aquatic fly, Hydrellia balciunasi were studied in Australia from 1985‐1992. A total of 17,729 specimens were collected at 55 sites in Queensland, New South Wales and the Northern Territory. H. balciunasi was found to be relatively common, being collected in 57% of 550 collections of hydrilla. Although larvae were collected from 17 aquatic plant species, hydrilla was the preferred host for this fly, with 97% of the specimens collected from it. Based on these field data, H. balciunasi was exported to quarantine in the United States of America in 1988 for laboratory evaluation of its host‐range. Quarantine studies confirmed its safety as a biological control agent, allowing its release in the field in Florida in 1989. This is the first endemic Australian insect released as a biological control agent for a weed in the U.S.A.
{"title":"Distribution, Abundance and Field Host‐Range of Hydrellia balciunasi Bock (Diptera: Ephydridae) a Biological Control Agent for the Aquatic Weed Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle","authors":"J. Balciunas, DAMIEN W. Burrows","doi":"10.1111/J.1440-6055.1996.TB01375.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1440-6055.1996.TB01375.X","url":null,"abstract":"During a project to detect and evaluate potential biological control agents for the submersed aquatic weed, hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata), the distribution, abundance and field host‐range of a recently described aquatic fly, Hydrellia balciunasi were studied in Australia from 1985‐1992. A total of 17,729 specimens were collected at 55 sites in Queensland, New South Wales and the Northern Territory. H. balciunasi was found to be relatively common, being collected in 57% of 550 collections of hydrilla. Although larvae were collected from 17 aquatic plant species, hydrilla was the preferred host for this fly, with 97% of the specimens collected from it. Based on these field data, H. balciunasi was exported to quarantine in the United States of America in 1988 for laboratory evaluation of its host‐range. Quarantine studies confirmed its safety as a biological control agent, allowing its release in the field in Florida in 1989. This is the first endemic Australian insect released as a biological control agent for a weed in the U.S.A.","PeriodicalId":8614,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/J.1440-6055.1996.TB01375.X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63106076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-05-01DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-6055.1996.tb01371.x
R. Russell, R. Brust
Snow‐melt pools at a number of localities in the upper altitudes of the Kosciusko National Park were searched for mosquito larvae during October through December 1994. The only species found in pools above 1,600 m was Aedes (Ochlerotatus) nivalis Edwards. Dry‐ice‐baited light traps were used to sample adult mosquitoes in the same areas but no Aedes species other than Ae. nivalis were collected. Both larvae and adults showed minor morphological variation from published descriptions.
{"title":"Snow‐Melt Alpine Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in New South Wales","authors":"R. Russell, R. Brust","doi":"10.1111/j.1440-6055.1996.tb01371.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1996.tb01371.x","url":null,"abstract":"Snow‐melt pools at a number of localities in the upper altitudes of the Kosciusko National Park were searched for mosquito larvae during October through December 1994. The only species found in pools above 1,600 m was Aedes (Ochlerotatus) nivalis Edwards. Dry‐ice‐baited light traps were used to sample adult mosquitoes in the same areas but no Aedes species other than Ae. nivalis were collected. Both larvae and adults showed minor morphological variation from published descriptions.","PeriodicalId":8614,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1996.tb01371.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63106157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-05-01DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-6055.1996.tb01370.x
P. Allsopp, C. Chilcott, T. K. McGHIE
The activity of proteins from two New Zealand strains of Bacillus thuringiensis, DSIR517 and DSIRl246, was determined against the Australian canegrub Antitrogus consanguineus. Two DIG‐labelled crystal proteins from strain DSIR1246 and three from strain DSIR517 bound to the brush border membrane vesicles of third‐instar A. consanguineus. However, when fed to second and third instars the proteins caused no reduction in weight gain or no increased mortality. We conclude that the proteins are dissolved and activated in the gut of A. consanguineus and bind to the gut wall and that the proteins presumably do not insert into the plasma membrane of the gut of A. consanguineus resulting in no toxicity.
{"title":"Activity of Proteins from Two New Zealand Strains of Bacillus thuringiensis against Larvae of Antitrogus consanguineus (Blackburn) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)","authors":"P. Allsopp, C. Chilcott, T. K. McGHIE","doi":"10.1111/j.1440-6055.1996.tb01370.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1996.tb01370.x","url":null,"abstract":"The activity of proteins from two New Zealand strains of Bacillus thuringiensis, DSIR517 and DSIRl246, was determined against the Australian canegrub Antitrogus consanguineus. Two DIG‐labelled crystal proteins from strain DSIR1246 and three from strain DSIR517 bound to the brush border membrane vesicles of third‐instar A. consanguineus. However, when fed to second and third instars the proteins caused no reduction in weight gain or no increased mortality. We conclude that the proteins are dissolved and activated in the gut of A. consanguineus and bind to the gut wall and that the proteins presumably do not insert into the plasma membrane of the gut of A. consanguineus resulting in no toxicity.","PeriodicalId":8614,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1996.tb01370.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63105677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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