V. Rompaey, K. Brantberg, L. Verrecchia, M. Westin, S. Arndt, T. Wesarg, D. Vickers, Francesca Pinto, George Fereos, A. Shaida, Joo Hyun Park, H. Park, Myung Hoon Yoo, Won Sub Lim, J. Kwon, Tae-Hoon Lee, Yong-Hwi An, Young-Jin Kim, Jong Yang Kim, H. Lim, M. Salviati, M. Ralli, G. Altissimi, R. Turchetta, Filippo Mazzei, F. Cianfrone, M. P. Orlando, V. Testugini, G. Cianfrone, R. Heywood, Bovey Z. Zhu, J. Saleh, Kevin T. Isgrig, L. Cunningham, W. Chien, P. Heyning, M. Marx, S. Usami, K. Rak, R. Stokroos, E. George, M. Medina, G. Mertens, Dayse Tȧvora-Vieira, G. Rajan, J. Müller, D. Leander, Ryosuke Kitoh, Maiko Miyagawa, Hideaki Moteki, K. Smilsky, G. Sprinzl, A. Wolf-Magele, J. Hempel, D. Polterauer, W. Baumgartner, T. Keintzel, S. Zirn, U. Baumann, T. Weissgerber, T. Rader, R. Hagen, A. Kurz, R. Polo, Y. Henkin, O. Hilly, David Ulanovski, Ranjith Rajeswaran, M. Zernotti, M. Kameswaran, Maria Fernanda Di Gregorio, S. Busch, T. Lenarz, H. Maier, Satz Mengensatzproduktion, Druckerei Stückle
{"title":"Contents Vol. 21, 2016","authors":"V. Rompaey, K. Brantberg, L. Verrecchia, M. Westin, S. Arndt, T. Wesarg, D. Vickers, Francesca Pinto, George Fereos, A. Shaida, Joo Hyun Park, H. Park, Myung Hoon Yoo, Won Sub Lim, J. Kwon, Tae-Hoon Lee, Yong-Hwi An, Young-Jin Kim, Jong Yang Kim, H. Lim, M. Salviati, M. Ralli, G. Altissimi, R. Turchetta, Filippo Mazzei, F. Cianfrone, M. P. Orlando, V. Testugini, G. Cianfrone, R. Heywood, Bovey Z. Zhu, J. Saleh, Kevin T. Isgrig, L. Cunningham, W. Chien, P. Heyning, M. Marx, S. Usami, K. Rak, R. Stokroos, E. George, M. Medina, G. Mertens, Dayse Tȧvora-Vieira, G. Rajan, J. Müller, D. Leander, Ryosuke Kitoh, Maiko Miyagawa, Hideaki Moteki, K. Smilsky, G. Sprinzl, A. Wolf-Magele, J. Hempel, D. Polterauer, W. Baumgartner, T. Keintzel, S. Zirn, U. Baumann, T. Weissgerber, T. Rader, R. Hagen, A. Kurz, R. Polo, Y. Henkin, O. Hilly, David Ulanovski, Ranjith Rajeswaran, M. Zernotti, M. Kameswaran, Maria Fernanda Di Gregorio, S. Busch, T. Lenarz, H. Maier, Satz Mengensatzproduktion, Druckerei Stückle","doi":"10.1159/000472685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000472685","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8624,"journal":{"name":"Audiology and Neurotology","volume":"83 1","pages":"I - VI"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83794570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Front & Back Matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000477143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000477143","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8624,"journal":{"name":"Audiology and Neurotology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88528475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Heywood, D. Vickers, Francesca Pinto, George Fereos, A. Shaida
The objectives of this study were to assess: (i) patient expectations met as a measure of outcome in early-deafened, late-implanted (non-traditional) cochlear implant recipients and (ii) pre-implantation predictive factors for postoperative speech perception. The notes of 13 recipients were retrospectively reviewed. The mean age at onset of profound deafness was 1.5 years (range 0-6). The mean age at implantation was 37 years (range 22-51 years). Patient expectations were assessed pre-operatively and 1 year after implantation. They were met or exceeded in 129/140 (92%) domains overall. A higher Speech Intelligibility Rating and audiovisual City University of New York sentence score before implantation were found to be positive predictive factors for improved speech discrimination after cochlear implantation.
{"title":"Assessment and Outcome in Non-Traditional Cochlear Implant Candidates","authors":"R. Heywood, D. Vickers, Francesca Pinto, George Fereos, A. Shaida","doi":"10.1159/000454914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000454914","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of this study were to assess: (i) patient expectations met as a measure of outcome in early-deafened, late-implanted (non-traditional) cochlear implant recipients and (ii) pre-implantation predictive factors for postoperative speech perception. The notes of 13 recipients were retrospectively reviewed. The mean age at onset of profound deafness was 1.5 years (range 0-6). The mean age at implantation was 37 years (range 22-51 years). Patient expectations were assessed pre-operatively and 1 year after implantation. They were met or exceeded in 129/140 (92%) domains overall. A higher Speech Intelligibility Rating and audiovisual City University of New York sentence score before implantation were found to be positive predictive factors for improved speech discrimination after cochlear implantation.","PeriodicalId":8624,"journal":{"name":"Audiology and Neurotology","volume":"60 1","pages":"383 - 390"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84948724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ralli, G. Altissimi, R. Turchetta, Filippo Mazzei, M. Salviati, F. Cianfrone, M. P. Orlando, V. Testugini, G. Cianfrone
In a subpopulation of patients, tinnitus can be modulated by movements of the jaw or head and neck due to complex somatosensory-auditory interactions. In some of these subjects, tinnitus could be related to an underlying temporomandibular (TMJ) or craniocervical (NECK) dysfunction that, if correctly identified, could streamline treatment and increase chances of tinnitus improvement. However, it is still unclear whether somatic modulation of tinnitus could be used as a screening tool for identifying such patients. In this study, we included 310 tinnitus patients with normal hearing, no psychiatric comorbidities, and a positive history of TMJ and/or NECK dysfunction and/or a positive modulation of tinnitus to evaluate the characteristics of somatic modulation, investigate the relationship between positive history and positive modulation, and identify factors most strongly associated with somatic modulation. Tinnitus modulation was present in 79.67% of the patients. We found a significant association within the same subjects between a positive history and a positive tinnitus modulation for the same region, mainly for TMJ in unilateral tinnitus patients and for TMJ + NECK in bilateral tinnitus patients. A strong correlation between history and modulation in the same somatic region within the same subgroups of subjects was also identified. Most TMJ maneuvers resulted in an increased loudness, while NECK maneuvers showed an increase in tinnitus loudness in about 59% of cases. High-pitched tinnitus and male gender were associated with a higher prevalence of modulation; no differences were found for tinnitus onset, Tinnitus Handicap Inventory score, and age. In this paper, we report a strong association between history and modulation for the same regions within the same patients; such an association should always be investigated to improve chances of a correct diagnosis of somatosensory tinnitus.
{"title":"Somatosensory Tinnitus: Correlation between Cranio-Cervico-Mandibular Disorder History and Somatic Modulation","authors":"M. Ralli, G. Altissimi, R. Turchetta, Filippo Mazzei, M. Salviati, F. Cianfrone, M. P. Orlando, V. Testugini, G. Cianfrone","doi":"10.1159/000452472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000452472","url":null,"abstract":"In a subpopulation of patients, tinnitus can be modulated by movements of the jaw or head and neck due to complex somatosensory-auditory interactions. In some of these subjects, tinnitus could be related to an underlying temporomandibular (TMJ) or craniocervical (NECK) dysfunction that, if correctly identified, could streamline treatment and increase chances of tinnitus improvement. However, it is still unclear whether somatic modulation of tinnitus could be used as a screening tool for identifying such patients. In this study, we included 310 tinnitus patients with normal hearing, no psychiatric comorbidities, and a positive history of TMJ and/or NECK dysfunction and/or a positive modulation of tinnitus to evaluate the characteristics of somatic modulation, investigate the relationship between positive history and positive modulation, and identify factors most strongly associated with somatic modulation. Tinnitus modulation was present in 79.67% of the patients. We found a significant association within the same subjects between a positive history and a positive tinnitus modulation for the same region, mainly for TMJ in unilateral tinnitus patients and for TMJ + NECK in bilateral tinnitus patients. A strong correlation between history and modulation in the same somatic region within the same subgroups of subjects was also identified. Most TMJ maneuvers resulted in an increased loudness, while NECK maneuvers showed an increase in tinnitus loudness in about 59% of cases. High-pitched tinnitus and male gender were associated with a higher prevalence of modulation; no differences were found for tinnitus onset, Tinnitus Handicap Inventory score, and age. In this paper, we report a strong association between history and modulation for the same regions within the same patients; such an association should always be investigated to improve chances of a correct diagnosis of somatosensory tinnitus.","PeriodicalId":8624,"journal":{"name":"Audiology and Neurotology","volume":"50 1","pages":"372 - 382"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86270357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A key feature of superior canal dehiscence (SCD) syndrome is supranormal hearing of body sounds. The aim of the present study was to quantify this phenomenon and to ascertain whether auditory sensitivity to body vibrations can distinguish SCD patients. Hearing thresholds in response to vibration at the vertex, at the spinous process of the 7th cervical vertebra, and at the medial malleolus were tested in 10 SCD patients and 10 controls. Both patients and controls had insert earphones in both ears. The insert in the test ear was blocked while masking was presented to the other ear. Vibration in the frequency range of 125-1,000 Hz was presented to each of the 3 stimulation sites. The SCD patients were found to have significantly lower hearing thresholds compared with controls. The two study groups reacted differently with respect to frequency. The SCD patients showed an enhanced sensitivity for the lower stimulus frequencies. The difference was, however, rather independent of stimulus presentation site. The findings suggest that hearing thresholds in response to low-frequency body vibration at sites distant from the ears can distinguish SCD patients. The present findings may also support the idea that auditory sensation to body vibrations is a response related to soft tissue conduction.
{"title":"Enhanced Auditory Sensitivity to Body Vibrations in Superior Canal Dehiscence Syndrome","authors":"K. Brantberg, L. Verrecchia, M. Westin","doi":"10.1159/000450936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000450936","url":null,"abstract":"A key feature of superior canal dehiscence (SCD) syndrome is supranormal hearing of body sounds. The aim of the present study was to quantify this phenomenon and to ascertain whether auditory sensitivity to body vibrations can distinguish SCD patients. Hearing thresholds in response to vibration at the vertex, at the spinous process of the 7th cervical vertebra, and at the medial malleolus were tested in 10 SCD patients and 10 controls. Both patients and controls had insert earphones in both ears. The insert in the test ear was blocked while masking was presented to the other ear. Vibration in the frequency range of 125-1,000 Hz was presented to each of the 3 stimulation sites. The SCD patients were found to have significantly lower hearing thresholds compared with controls. The two study groups reacted differently with respect to frequency. The SCD patients showed an enhanced sensitivity for the lower stimulus frequencies. The difference was, however, rather independent of stimulus presentation site. The findings suggest that hearing thresholds in response to low-frequency body vibration at sites distant from the ears can distinguish SCD patients. The present findings may also support the idea that auditory sensation to body vibrations is a response related to soft tissue conduction.","PeriodicalId":8624,"journal":{"name":"Audiology and Neurotology","volume":"47 1","pages":"365 - 371"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89419649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bovey Z. Zhu, J. Saleh, Kevin T. Isgrig, L. Cunningham, W. Chien
Background: Delivery of therapeutic agents directly through the round window (RW) offers promise for treating sensorineural hearing loss. However, hearing loss can result from the surgical approach itself, and the reasons for this are poorly understood. We examined the hearing loss following the 3 major steps involved with the RW approach to access the mouse cochlea: bullostomy, RW puncture, and RW injection. Methods: Twenty-one adult CBA/J mice underwent bullostomy alone, 10 underwent RW puncture, and 8 underwent RW injection with PBS with 5% glycerol. Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) and otoscopy were performed preoperatively and up to 6 weeks postoperatively. Hair cells were stained, and survival was assessed using immunofluorescence. Results: One week postoperatively, mice in all groups showed significant threshold shifts. Otoscopy revealed approximately half of all mice had middle ear effusion (MEE), with a higher incidence of effusion in the RW puncture and RW injection groups. Those with MEE had significant ABR threshold shifts, whereas those without MEE had minimal hearing loss. MEE persisted through 6 weeks in a majority of cases, but in those mice with MEE resolution, there was at least partial improvement in hearing. Immunohistochemistry showed minimal loss of hair cells in all animals. Conclusion: MEE is highly correlated with hearing loss in mice undergoing RW surgery. Otoscopy is an important adjunct to consider after ear surgery in mice, as MEE may contribute to postsurgical hearing loss.
{"title":"Hearing Loss after Round Window Surgery in Mice Is due to Middle Ear Effusion","authors":"Bovey Z. Zhu, J. Saleh, Kevin T. Isgrig, L. Cunningham, W. Chien","doi":"10.1159/000449239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000449239","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Delivery of therapeutic agents directly through the round window (RW) offers promise for treating sensorineural hearing loss. However, hearing loss can result from the surgical approach itself, and the reasons for this are poorly understood. We examined the hearing loss following the 3 major steps involved with the RW approach to access the mouse cochlea: bullostomy, RW puncture, and RW injection. Methods: Twenty-one adult CBA/J mice underwent bullostomy alone, 10 underwent RW puncture, and 8 underwent RW injection with PBS with 5% glycerol. Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) and otoscopy were performed preoperatively and up to 6 weeks postoperatively. Hair cells were stained, and survival was assessed using immunofluorescence. Results: One week postoperatively, mice in all groups showed significant threshold shifts. Otoscopy revealed approximately half of all mice had middle ear effusion (MEE), with a higher incidence of effusion in the RW puncture and RW injection groups. Those with MEE had significant ABR threshold shifts, whereas those without MEE had minimal hearing loss. MEE persisted through 6 weeks in a majority of cases, but in those mice with MEE resolution, there was at least partial improvement in hearing. Immunohistochemistry showed minimal loss of hair cells in all animals. Conclusion: MEE is highly correlated with hearing loss in mice undergoing RW surgery. Otoscopy is an important adjunct to consider after ear surgery in mice, as MEE may contribute to postsurgical hearing loss.","PeriodicalId":8624,"journal":{"name":"Audiology and Neurotology","volume":"43 1","pages":"356 - 364"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74559771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Front & Back Matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000457911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000457911","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8624,"journal":{"name":"Audiology and Neurotology","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82201723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qiuhong Huang, H. Xiong, Haidi Yang, Y. Ou, Zhigang Zhang, Sui-jun Chen, Yongyi Ye, Yiqing Zheng
Bcl-2, the first gene shown to be involved in apoptosis, is a potent regulator of cell survival and known to have protective effects against a variety of age-related diseases. However, the possible relationship between hearing and Bcl-2 expression in the cochlea or auditory cortex of C57BL/6 mice, a mouse model of age-related hearing loss, is still unknown. Using RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot analysis, our results show that Bcl-2 is strongly expressed in the inner hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons of young mice. In addition, moderate Bcl-2 expression is also detected in the outer hair cells and in the neurons of the auditory cortex. A significant reduction of Bcl-2 expression in the cochlea or auditory cortex is also associated with elevated hearing thresholds and hair cell loss during aging. The expression pattern of Bcl-2 in the peripheral and central auditory systems suggests that Bcl-2 may play an important role in auditory function serving as a protective molecule against age-related hearing loss.
{"title":"Differential Expression of Bcl-2 in the Cochlea and Auditory Cortex of a Mouse Model of Age-Related Hearing Loss","authors":"Qiuhong Huang, H. Xiong, Haidi Yang, Y. Ou, Zhigang Zhang, Sui-jun Chen, Yongyi Ye, Yiqing Zheng","doi":"10.1159/000450937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000450937","url":null,"abstract":"Bcl-2, the first gene shown to be involved in apoptosis, is a potent regulator of cell survival and known to have protective effects against a variety of age-related diseases. However, the possible relationship between hearing and Bcl-2 expression in the cochlea or auditory cortex of C57BL/6 mice, a mouse model of age-related hearing loss, is still unknown. Using RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot analysis, our results show that Bcl-2 is strongly expressed in the inner hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons of young mice. In addition, moderate Bcl-2 expression is also detected in the outer hair cells and in the neurons of the auditory cortex. A significant reduction of Bcl-2 expression in the cochlea or auditory cortex is also associated with elevated hearing thresholds and hair cell loss during aging. The expression pattern of Bcl-2 in the peripheral and central auditory systems suggests that Bcl-2 may play an important role in auditory function serving as a protective molecule against age-related hearing loss.","PeriodicalId":8624,"journal":{"name":"Audiology and Neurotology","volume":"129 1","pages":"326 - 332"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73006043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Annerie van der Jagt, J. Briaire, Berit M. Verbist, J. Frijns
The HiFocus Mid-Scala (MS) electrode array has recently been introduced onto the market. This precurved design with a targeted mid-scalar intracochlear position pursues an atraumatic insertion and optimal distance for neural stimulation. In this study we prospectively examined the angular insertion depth achieved and speech perception outcomes resulting from the HiFocus MS electrode array for 6 months after implantation, and retrospectively compared these with the HiFocus 1J lateral wall electrode array. The mean angular insertion depth within the MS population (n = 96) was found at 470°. This was 50° shallower but more consistent than the 1J electrode array (n = 110). Audiological evaluation within a subgroup, including only postlingual, unilaterally implanted, adult cochlear implant recipients who were matched on preoperative speech perception scores and the duration of deafness (MS = 32, 1J = 32), showed no difference in speech perception outcomes between the MS and 1J groups. Furthermore, speech perception outcome was not affected by the angular insertion depth or frequency mismatch.
{"title":"Comparison of the HiFocus Mid-Scala and HiFocus 1J Electrode Array: Angular Insertion Depths and Speech Perception Outcomes","authors":"M. Annerie van der Jagt, J. Briaire, Berit M. Verbist, J. Frijns","doi":"10.1159/000448581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000448581","url":null,"abstract":"The HiFocus Mid-Scala (MS) electrode array has recently been introduced onto the market. This precurved design with a targeted mid-scalar intracochlear position pursues an atraumatic insertion and optimal distance for neural stimulation. In this study we prospectively examined the angular insertion depth achieved and speech perception outcomes resulting from the HiFocus MS electrode array for 6 months after implantation, and retrospectively compared these with the HiFocus 1J lateral wall electrode array. The mean angular insertion depth within the MS population (n = 96) was found at 470°. This was 50° shallower but more consistent than the 1J electrode array (n = 110). Audiological evaluation within a subgroup, including only postlingual, unilaterally implanted, adult cochlear implant recipients who were matched on preoperative speech perception scores and the duration of deafness (MS = 32, 1J = 32), showed no difference in speech perception outcomes between the MS and 1J groups. Furthermore, speech perception outcome was not affected by the angular insertion depth or frequency mismatch.","PeriodicalId":8624,"journal":{"name":"Audiology and Neurotology","volume":"186 1","pages":"316 - 325"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88038500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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