Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.1080/03122417.2023.2249245
Patricia Bourke, Sally Brockwell, Billy Ó. Foghlú, Richard C. Willan
AbstractAs the most visible remains of past coastal economies across the coast of northern Australia, mounds of shell dominated by roughback cockles (Tegillarca granosa) have featured often in explanations for Late Holocene Indigenous subsistence strategies. Recently more detailed local and regional studies continue to build a picture of some variations to this dominance, which demonstrate the breadth of marine species exploited, the extensive ecological knowledge of past economies, and the persistence of cultural traditions in human societies. This paper describes one such study, of mounds composed predominantly of another species of bivalve, the rounded toothed pearl-shell (Isognomon ephippium), found on Larrakia Country near Darwin, Northern Territory.Keywords: Shell moundsLate HoloceneNorthern Territory coast AcknowledgementsWe thank members of the Larrakia Nation Aboriginal Corporation and Lorraine Williams for sharing their local knowledge and assistance with surveys, Professor Sean Ulm (James Cook University) for advice on the local Delta R value and NT Heritage Branch for providing resources and maps for fieldwork. We also thank the reviewers, for constructive comments that helped to improve this paper.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
{"title":"Rounded toothed pearl-shell mounds at Elizabeth River near Darwin, Northern Territory","authors":"Patricia Bourke, Sally Brockwell, Billy Ó. Foghlú, Richard C. Willan","doi":"10.1080/03122417.2023.2249245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2023.2249245","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractAs the most visible remains of past coastal economies across the coast of northern Australia, mounds of shell dominated by roughback cockles (Tegillarca granosa) have featured often in explanations for Late Holocene Indigenous subsistence strategies. Recently more detailed local and regional studies continue to build a picture of some variations to this dominance, which demonstrate the breadth of marine species exploited, the extensive ecological knowledge of past economies, and the persistence of cultural traditions in human societies. This paper describes one such study, of mounds composed predominantly of another species of bivalve, the rounded toothed pearl-shell (Isognomon ephippium), found on Larrakia Country near Darwin, Northern Territory.Keywords: Shell moundsLate HoloceneNorthern Territory coast AcknowledgementsWe thank members of the Larrakia Nation Aboriginal Corporation and Lorraine Williams for sharing their local knowledge and assistance with surveys, Professor Sean Ulm (James Cook University) for advice on the local Delta R value and NT Heritage Branch for providing resources and maps for fieldwork. We also thank the reviewers, for constructive comments that helped to improve this paper.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.","PeriodicalId":8648,"journal":{"name":"Australian Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135015734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-12DOI: 10.1080/03122417.2023.2219378
Caroline Spry, Brian Armstrong, Neil Ingram (Wiradjuri Elder), Alice Williams (Wiradjuri Elder), James Williams (Wiradjuri Knowledge Holder), Greg Ingram (Wiradjuri Traditional Custodian), Ian ‘Doug’ Sutherland (Wiradjuri and Kamilaroi Traditional Custodian), Yarrawula Ngullubul Men’s Corporation, Michelle Hines, Tracey Potts, Lawrence Conyers
Marara (carved trees, dendroglyphs or tapholgyphs) are a distinct part of Wiradjuri Country in southeastern Australia. Each marara displays a unique muyalaang (tree carving) that a Wiradjuri person carved into the outer surface of a tree after removing bark. Marara mark the dhabuganha (burials) of Wiradjuri men of high standing, representing part of traditional cultural practices that extend into the deep past. Yet, the meaning of these sacred locations is not widely understood due to the lack of Wiradjuri teaching, knowledge and participation in previous studies. Here we present the first Wiradjuri-led archaeological study of marara, muyalaang and dhabuganha, completed in the Central Tablelands. We combine a review of previous studies with new information from interviews with Wiradjuri Elders and knowledge holders, Ground Penetrating Radar survey, and 3D modelling (photogrammetry) – guided by the Wiradjuri philosophy Yindyamarra (cultural respect). The results build new, culturally and scientifically informed understandings of practical and symbolic aspects of Wiradjuri culture, with marara and dhabuganha viewed not as individual objects or ‘sites’ but as connected parts of Wiradjuri Lore, beliefs, traditional cultural practices and Country. Consistent with Wiradjuri Elder requests, this paper is freely available and written in simple language for the Wiradjuri community and beyond.
{"title":"Investigating Wiradjuri <i>marara</i> (carved trees or dendroglyphs) and <i>dhabuganha</i> (burials) in the Central Tablelands, southeastern Australia","authors":"Caroline Spry, Brian Armstrong, Neil Ingram (Wiradjuri Elder), Alice Williams (Wiradjuri Elder), James Williams (Wiradjuri Knowledge Holder), Greg Ingram (Wiradjuri Traditional Custodian), Ian ‘Doug’ Sutherland (Wiradjuri and Kamilaroi Traditional Custodian), Yarrawula Ngullubul Men’s Corporation, Michelle Hines, Tracey Potts, Lawrence Conyers","doi":"10.1080/03122417.2023.2219378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2023.2219378","url":null,"abstract":"Marara (carved trees, dendroglyphs or tapholgyphs) are a distinct part of Wiradjuri Country in southeastern Australia. Each marara displays a unique muyalaang (tree carving) that a Wiradjuri person carved into the outer surface of a tree after removing bark. Marara mark the dhabuganha (burials) of Wiradjuri men of high standing, representing part of traditional cultural practices that extend into the deep past. Yet, the meaning of these sacred locations is not widely understood due to the lack of Wiradjuri teaching, knowledge and participation in previous studies. Here we present the first Wiradjuri-led archaeological study of marara, muyalaang and dhabuganha, completed in the Central Tablelands. We combine a review of previous studies with new information from interviews with Wiradjuri Elders and knowledge holders, Ground Penetrating Radar survey, and 3D modelling (photogrammetry) – guided by the Wiradjuri philosophy Yindyamarra (cultural respect). The results build new, culturally and scientifically informed understandings of practical and symbolic aspects of Wiradjuri culture, with marara and dhabuganha viewed not as individual objects or ‘sites’ but as connected parts of Wiradjuri Lore, beliefs, traditional cultural practices and Country. Consistent with Wiradjuri Elder requests, this paper is freely available and written in simple language for the Wiradjuri community and beyond.","PeriodicalId":8648,"journal":{"name":"Australian Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135826327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.1080/03122417.2023.2209359
D. Franklin, Ambika Flavel, Z. Obertova, A. Paterson
Abstract The Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC) retourschip “Batavia” was commissioned to serve as a trade vessel between Europe and the East Indies. Her maiden voyage suddenly ended 6 June 1629, wrecking on Morning Reef in the Houtman Abrolhos, off Western Australia. Amongst the earliest documented interactions in the history of European contact with Australia, what followed was a bizarre and macabre series of events that ultimately developed into a mutiny resulting in the mass murder of more than 100 individuals, in addition to a similar number of people that perished from ‘natural’ causes over a three-month period. Here, we describe the archaeological recovery and analysis of one individual most likely murdered, as evidenced by fatal cranial trauma. The skull was recovered in 1964, but the postcranial skeleton was unrecoverable at that time, and effectively remained ‘missing’ until being located in 2014, with excavation following during the 2015 field season. The reassociation of the head and body of this individual, in addition to the archaeological and physical anthropological interpretation of the skeleton and its burial context, facilitates new and interesting insight into the life history of this person and the events surrounding their demise at the hands of mutineers on Beacon Island.
Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC)的返航船“Batavia”被委托作为欧洲和东印度群岛之间的贸易船。1629年6月6日，她的处女航突然结束，在西澳大利亚附近的豪特曼·阿布罗霍斯的晨礁上失事。在欧洲人与澳大利亚接触的历史中，最早记录在案的互动中，随之而来的是一系列奇怪而可怕的事件，最终发展成一场兵变，导致100多人被大规模屠杀，此外还有类似数量的人在三个月的时间里死于“自然”原因。在这里，我们描述考古恢复和分析一个人最有可能被谋杀，作为证据，致命的颅脑外伤。头骨于1964年被发现，但当时的颅骨后骨骼无法恢复，直到2014年才被找到，直到2015年的野外季节才被挖掘出来。这个人的头部和身体的重新关联，加上对骨骼及其埋葬背景的考古和物理人类学解释，有助于对这个人的生活史以及他们死于比肯岛叛乱分子之手的事件有新的和有趣的见解。
{"title":"Bioarchaeological analysis of a murder victim associated with the “Batavia” mutiny of 1629: The case of the ‘missing’ body","authors":"D. Franklin, Ambika Flavel, Z. Obertova, A. Paterson","doi":"10.1080/03122417.2023.2209359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2023.2209359","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC) retourschip “Batavia” was commissioned to serve as a trade vessel between Europe and the East Indies. Her maiden voyage suddenly ended 6 June 1629, wrecking on Morning Reef in the Houtman Abrolhos, off Western Australia. Amongst the earliest documented interactions in the history of European contact with Australia, what followed was a bizarre and macabre series of events that ultimately developed into a mutiny resulting in the mass murder of more than 100 individuals, in addition to a similar number of people that perished from ‘natural’ causes over a three-month period. Here, we describe the archaeological recovery and analysis of one individual most likely murdered, as evidenced by fatal cranial trauma. The skull was recovered in 1964, but the postcranial skeleton was unrecoverable at that time, and effectively remained ‘missing’ until being located in 2014, with excavation following during the 2015 field season. The reassociation of the head and body of this individual, in addition to the archaeological and physical anthropological interpretation of the skeleton and its burial context, facilitates new and interesting insight into the life history of this person and the events surrounding their demise at the hands of mutineers on Beacon Island.","PeriodicalId":8648,"journal":{"name":"Australian Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42311020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.1080/03122417.2023.2238251
R. Skelly, B. David, F. Petchey, M. Leavesley, Jerome Mialanes, Teppsy Beni, Chris Urwin
Abstract Seafaring ceramicists connected widely spaced communities along the expanse of PNG’s south coast for more than 1,500 years following the arrival of people using pots with Lapita decoration c.2,900 cal BP. Archaeological investigations at locations from the Gulf of Papua in the west to Mailu Island in the east suggest a major change occurred to seafaring and social relations after 1,200 cal BP. The following five centuries often referred to as the ‘Ceramic Hiccup’ were characterised by a contraction in the scale of formerly long-distance voyaging. Here we present results of recent archaeological excavations at the ancestral village site of Agila in Hood Bay east of Port Moresby. The decorations on older pot sherds at Agila are akin to those on ancestral Motu pottery known from Motupore Island to the west. The decoration changes on more recent sherds which have more in common with ancestral Mailu pottery from Mailu Island to the east. Details of changing seafaring relations – from west to east – at Agila were published in 2018 after our first field season. However, results from the first field season left questions about site antiquity unresolved. We returned to Agila in 2022 and continued excavations to address those questions. Our excavations revealed that initial settlement at Agila coincided with a reanimation of coastal seafaring after 770 cal BP. Results also show that the major pottery manufacturing and seafaring community of Motupore maintained relations with communities to both the east and west. An analysis of the ceramic assemblage allows us to historicise the emergence of social strategies which entrenched Hood Bay at a nexus between Motu and Mailu specialised trading and seafaring communities.
大约在公元前2900年，随着人们使用带有拉皮塔装饰的陶器，航海陶艺家在巴布亚新几内亚南海岸的广阔地区连接了1500多年来分布广泛的社区。从西部的巴布亚湾到东部的马鲁岛的考古调查表明，在公元前1200年之后，航海和社会关系发生了重大变化。接下来的五个世纪通常被称为“陶瓷打嗝”，其特点是以前长途航行的规模缩小。在这里，我们展示了最近在莫尔兹比港东部胡德湾阿吉拉祖传村庄遗址的考古发掘结果。阿吉拉古老的陶器碎片上的装饰与西部莫图波雷岛的祖先莫图陶器上的装饰相似。最近的碎片上的装饰发生了变化，这些碎片与东部马鲁岛的祖先马鲁陶器有更多的共同之处。在我们的第一个实地季节之后，2018年发布了Agila海上关系变化的细节——从西到东。然而，第一次实地考察的结果使遗址的古代问题没有得到解决。我们于2022年回到阿吉拉，并继续挖掘以解决这些问题。我们的发掘表明，阿吉拉的最初定居与770 cal BP之后沿海航海的复兴相吻合。结果还表明，莫图波雷主要的陶器制造和航海社区与东部和西部社区保持着联系。对陶瓷组合的分析使我们能够将社会战略的出现历史化，这些战略使胡德湾成为Motu和Mailu专业贸易和航海社区之间的纽带。
{"title":"Agila and the reanimation of seafaring on the south coast of Papua New Guinea after 770 cal BP","authors":"R. Skelly, B. David, F. Petchey, M. Leavesley, Jerome Mialanes, Teppsy Beni, Chris Urwin","doi":"10.1080/03122417.2023.2238251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2023.2238251","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Seafaring ceramicists connected widely spaced communities along the expanse of PNG’s south coast for more than 1,500 years following the arrival of people using pots with Lapita decoration c.2,900 cal BP. Archaeological investigations at locations from the Gulf of Papua in the west to Mailu Island in the east suggest a major change occurred to seafaring and social relations after 1,200 cal BP. The following five centuries often referred to as the ‘Ceramic Hiccup’ were characterised by a contraction in the scale of formerly long-distance voyaging. Here we present results of recent archaeological excavations at the ancestral village site of Agila in Hood Bay east of Port Moresby. The decorations on older pot sherds at Agila are akin to those on ancestral Motu pottery known from Motupore Island to the west. The decoration changes on more recent sherds which have more in common with ancestral Mailu pottery from Mailu Island to the east. Details of changing seafaring relations – from west to east – at Agila were published in 2018 after our first field season. However, results from the first field season left questions about site antiquity unresolved. We returned to Agila in 2022 and continued excavations to address those questions. Our excavations revealed that initial settlement at Agila coincided with a reanimation of coastal seafaring after 770 cal BP. Results also show that the major pottery manufacturing and seafaring community of Motupore maintained relations with communities to both the east and west. An analysis of the ceramic assemblage allows us to historicise the emergence of social strategies which entrenched Hood Bay at a nexus between Motu and Mailu specialised trading and seafaring communities.","PeriodicalId":8648,"journal":{"name":"Australian Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47655638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.1080/03122417.2023.2229570
Nicolas Grguric
{"title":"The Archaeology and Architecture of Farm Buildings at Saumarez Station","authors":"Nicolas Grguric","doi":"10.1080/03122417.2023.2229570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2023.2229570","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8648,"journal":{"name":"Australian Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47068124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.1080/03122417.2023.2214336
Gaye Sculthorpe, Daniel Simpson
Abstract Aboriginal material culture of the Sydney region has been analysed extensively by Australian archaeologists, notably Vincent Megaw and Val Attenbrow, yet many new insights can be obtained through the examination of hitherto unidentified and unexamined museum objects and dispersed archival documentation in Britain and Ireland. Close engagement with these sources permits a more informed explication of the variety of objects in use in colonial Sydney and its greater affiliated coastal zone. Focussing on the period 1788–1870, this article examines three related object types, termed variously in English ‘swords’, ‘boomerangs’ and ‘clubs’, to investigate their nature, current and former distribution, and histories of collection. Discussions with members of the La Perouse Aboriginal Community in Sydney indicate a great interest in collaborative research to improve understanding of such objects, because few of these collected and removed objects have been documented to a precise place of origin. Stylistic comparison of actual objects with historic images of similar types therefore remains a basic first step. This fundamental work is necessary to engage the appropriate community research partners but raises questions as to methodologies for community engagement with unprovenanced objects, or those known only to be from a large regional area, which may encompass many groups. Ascertaining places of origin is thus critical to ensuring the accuracy and validity of any repatriation or restitution efforts, and in making sure that the ‘right’ objects return to relevant Aboriginal communities.
{"title":"Will my boomerang come back? New insights into Aboriginal material culture of early Sydney and affiliated coastal zone from British collections","authors":"Gaye Sculthorpe, Daniel Simpson","doi":"10.1080/03122417.2023.2214336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2023.2214336","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Aboriginal material culture of the Sydney region has been analysed extensively by Australian archaeologists, notably Vincent Megaw and Val Attenbrow, yet many new insights can be obtained through the examination of hitherto unidentified and unexamined museum objects and dispersed archival documentation in Britain and Ireland. Close engagement with these sources permits a more informed explication of the variety of objects in use in colonial Sydney and its greater affiliated coastal zone. Focussing on the period 1788–1870, this article examines three related object types, termed variously in English ‘swords’, ‘boomerangs’ and ‘clubs’, to investigate their nature, current and former distribution, and histories of collection. Discussions with members of the La Perouse Aboriginal Community in Sydney indicate a great interest in collaborative research to improve understanding of such objects, because few of these collected and removed objects have been documented to a precise place of origin. Stylistic comparison of actual objects with historic images of similar types therefore remains a basic first step. This fundamental work is necessary to engage the appropriate community research partners but raises questions as to methodologies for community engagement with unprovenanced objects, or those known only to be from a large regional area, which may encompass many groups. Ascertaining places of origin is thus critical to ensuring the accuracy and validity of any repatriation or restitution efforts, and in making sure that the ‘right’ objects return to relevant Aboriginal communities.","PeriodicalId":8648,"journal":{"name":"Australian Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44921991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.1080/03122417.2023.2215473
Simon Munt, R. Fullagar
Abstract Aboriginal people in Australia have used stone tools since first arrival about 65,000 years ago. After permanent European colonisation over 200 years ago people continued to use stone, but also incorporated new, introduced tool materials in novel ways. To understand how these introduced materials supplemented or replaced stone, we need new functional analyses and reference databases that compare experimental use-wear patterns on introduced materials with archaeological use-wear patterns. In the Riverland region of South Australia, silcrete and chert are common tool stones recovered from archaeological sites, but there is also evidence of introduced materials including glazed porcelain and bottle glass. Here, we report experimental use-wear patterns on silcrete, bottle glass and glazed porcelain plate tools. Tasks included processing wood, bone, skin or hide, meat and cattail reeds with a variety of tool motions. Results show that striations are more common on glass and glazed porcelain than on silcrete. The glazed porcelain, glass and silcrete experimental tools register distinctive use-wear patterns for some but not all tasks, and supplement previous functional studies of these materials.
{"title":"Experimental use-wear patterns on silcrete, bottle glass and porcelain plate tools","authors":"Simon Munt, R. Fullagar","doi":"10.1080/03122417.2023.2215473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2023.2215473","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Aboriginal people in Australia have used stone tools since first arrival about 65,000 years ago. After permanent European colonisation over 200 years ago people continued to use stone, but also incorporated new, introduced tool materials in novel ways. To understand how these introduced materials supplemented or replaced stone, we need new functional analyses and reference databases that compare experimental use-wear patterns on introduced materials with archaeological use-wear patterns. In the Riverland region of South Australia, silcrete and chert are common tool stones recovered from archaeological sites, but there is also evidence of introduced materials including glazed porcelain and bottle glass. Here, we report experimental use-wear patterns on silcrete, bottle glass and glazed porcelain plate tools. Tasks included processing wood, bone, skin or hide, meat and cattail reeds with a variety of tool motions. Results show that striations are more common on glass and glazed porcelain than on silcrete. The glazed porcelain, glass and silcrete experimental tools register distinctive use-wear patterns for some but not all tasks, and supplement previous functional studies of these materials.","PeriodicalId":8648,"journal":{"name":"Australian Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44116656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.1080/03122417.2023.2213543
T. Thomas
{"title":"Building and Remembering: An Archaeology of Place-Making on Papua New Guinea’s South Coast","authors":"T. Thomas","doi":"10.1080/03122417.2023.2213543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2023.2213543","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8648,"journal":{"name":"Australian Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43373877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.1080/03122417.2023.2208795
Kellie Clayton
Abstract This paper reassesses the maritime Southeast Asian forest and marine commodities trade from the sixteenth century to World War I. The ‘Macassan’ traders who visited northern Australia were primarily from Makassar and southern Sulawesi (including Bugis, or Bajau and Sumbawan immigrants) and the Lesser Sunda Islands (to where these ethnic groups had migrated) but also included the Indigenous Australians who accompanied them on their voyages. Research into other ethnic groups (Chinese, Makassar-Malay, Seram Laut Islanders, Solorese and Timorese mariners) also associated with both northern Australia and the maritime Southeast Asian forest and marine trade suggests that they be included in the ‘Macassan’ group. Analysis of historical sources for the late nineteenth–early twentieth century Macassan trepang (sea cucumber) industry in north Australia demonstrates that perahu spare cargo capacity was filled with additional commodities when the trepang harvest was low, ensuring voyage profitability. Comparison of the maritime Southeast Asian trade with ethnographic, archaeological, historical, and linguistic evidence in northern Australia, suggests that 20 commodities were likely to have been exported from the latter, seven of which have never before been mentioned in the literature. Mapping of the Macassan routes transporting the 20 commodities shows that northern Australia was connected to a vast network of maritime Southeast and East Asian trade with global reach. The importance of these findings for Asian contact archaeology in northern Australia is threefold: (1) archaeologists should look beyond ceramic provenance, metal, and glass to seek material and chronological evidence for the extraction and processing of a wider range of forest and marine commodities; (2) evidence for the extraction of particular commodities might be a proxy for age estimation of a site; and (3) the origins of introduced material culture will reflect its East, South, and Southeast Asian and, ultimately, global connectivity.
{"title":"An historical reassessment of the maritime Southeast Asian forest and marine commodities trade and its implications for archaeological investigations of Asian contact in northern Australia","authors":"Kellie Clayton","doi":"10.1080/03122417.2023.2208795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2023.2208795","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper reassesses the maritime Southeast Asian forest and marine commodities trade from the sixteenth century to World War I. The ‘Macassan’ traders who visited northern Australia were primarily from Makassar and southern Sulawesi (including Bugis, or Bajau and Sumbawan immigrants) and the Lesser Sunda Islands (to where these ethnic groups had migrated) but also included the Indigenous Australians who accompanied them on their voyages. Research into other ethnic groups (Chinese, Makassar-Malay, Seram Laut Islanders, Solorese and Timorese mariners) also associated with both northern Australia and the maritime Southeast Asian forest and marine trade suggests that they be included in the ‘Macassan’ group. Analysis of historical sources for the late nineteenth–early twentieth century Macassan trepang (sea cucumber) industry in north Australia demonstrates that perahu spare cargo capacity was filled with additional commodities when the trepang harvest was low, ensuring voyage profitability. Comparison of the maritime Southeast Asian trade with ethnographic, archaeological, historical, and linguistic evidence in northern Australia, suggests that 20 commodities were likely to have been exported from the latter, seven of which have never before been mentioned in the literature. Mapping of the Macassan routes transporting the 20 commodities shows that northern Australia was connected to a vast network of maritime Southeast and East Asian trade with global reach. The importance of these findings for Asian contact archaeology in northern Australia is threefold: (1) archaeologists should look beyond ceramic provenance, metal, and glass to seek material and chronological evidence for the extraction and processing of a wider range of forest and marine commodities; (2) evidence for the extraction of particular commodities might be a proxy for age estimation of a site; and (3) the origins of introduced material culture will reflect its East, South, and Southeast Asian and, ultimately, global connectivity.","PeriodicalId":8648,"journal":{"name":"Australian Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41760584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.1080/03122417.2023.2218992
S. Munt, B. White, T. Owen
Abstract Backed artefacts are multifunctional tools used by many Australian Aboriginal groups. Most were retouched in order to shape them rather than to create or modify a working edge, which suggests that they may have been made to certain shapes or sizes according to local traditions. This possibility is feasible as backed artefacts were not used for any unique functions. Hiscock (2014) found that variation in backed artefact shape (symmetry) across Australia was underlain by social arrangements and was potentially historically situated. But McDonald et al. (2018) found that backed artefacts from the Western Desert did not conform to the continental trend. We suggest that an important factor missing from these studies is a consideration of the potential for variation at different spatial scales. To investigate this possibility, we conducted morphometric and use-wear analyses on backed artefacts from four environmentally and socially different Aboriginal groups in New South Wales. The backed artefacts were not used for any distinct tasks and none in our study was hafted, but some variations exist in the morphometrics at the intra-regional scale. We infer that backed artefact production included group-specific traditions that potentially embody social information relating to local land-using or descent groups.
{"title":"Social information inherent in backed artefacts from the Illawarra, western, and southwestern Sydney, NSW","authors":"S. Munt, B. White, T. Owen","doi":"10.1080/03122417.2023.2218992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2023.2218992","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Backed artefacts are multifunctional tools used by many Australian Aboriginal groups. Most were retouched in order to shape them rather than to create or modify a working edge, which suggests that they may have been made to certain shapes or sizes according to local traditions. This possibility is feasible as backed artefacts were not used for any unique functions. Hiscock (2014) found that variation in backed artefact shape (symmetry) across Australia was underlain by social arrangements and was potentially historically situated. But McDonald et al. (2018) found that backed artefacts from the Western Desert did not conform to the continental trend. We suggest that an important factor missing from these studies is a consideration of the potential for variation at different spatial scales. To investigate this possibility, we conducted morphometric and use-wear analyses on backed artefacts from four environmentally and socially different Aboriginal groups in New South Wales. The backed artefacts were not used for any distinct tasks and none in our study was hafted, but some variations exist in the morphometrics at the intra-regional scale. We infer that backed artefact production included group-specific traditions that potentially embody social information relating to local land-using or descent groups.","PeriodicalId":8648,"journal":{"name":"Australian Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42182064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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