Task allocation for multi-robot construction systems in unknown environments often has limited adaptability, high computational cost, and inefficient exploratory mapping. To address these issues, this paper presents an Improved Wavefront Frontier Detection–Utility Value (I-WFD-UV) task allocation framework for collaborative environmental exploration. The method integrates: (1) a collision-detection system using a bounding volume hierarchy for multi-category construction obstacle recognition; (2) a centroid-point extraction technique with frontier filtering to reduce computational complexity; and (3) a set of task allocation strategies incorporating discounted information gain, improved movement cost, angle-based attractiveness, and a forced distance maximized distribution to optimize multi-robot distribution. Integrating digital twin technology further enhances the practicality of the solution. Ablation studies validate the effectiveness and efficiency of the presented method across multiple simulation scenarios involving scaled cable-truss structures. This method provides an efficient and reliable solution for collaborative exploration by multi-robot systems in complex construction environments.
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