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Multi-scalar robotic fabrication system for on-site press gluing in multi-storey timber buildings 用于多层木质建筑现场压胶的多尺度机器人制造系统
IF 9.6 1区 工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.autcon.2024.105774
Nils Opgenorth , Daniel Nunes Locatelli , Samuel Leder , Hans Jakob Wagner , Achim Menges
The amount of timber construction has increased significantly in recent decades due to the development of digital processing technologies in prefabrication. However, on site, timber components are still commonly assembled manually and connected with low performance joint types. This paper presents a multi-storey timber building system with a co-designed heterogeneous multi-scalar robotic construction system, consisting of a clamping device, an industrial robotic arm, and an automated crane, for the automation of on-site timber construction. By integrating construction features into the building material, the different robotic entities can work together to assemble a point-supported quasi-monolithic timber panel of theoretically unlimited dimensions with high precision.
近几十年来,由于预制数字加工技术的发展,木结构建筑的数量大幅增加。然而,在现场,木质构件仍普遍采用人工组装,并使用性能较低的接头类型进行连接。本文介绍了一种多层木结构建筑系统,该系统采用了共同设计的异构多尺度机器人建筑系统,由夹紧装置、工业机器人手臂和自动起重机组成,可实现现场木结构建筑的自动化。通过将建筑特征融入建筑材料,不同的机器人实体可以协同工作,高精度地组装出理论上尺寸无限的点支承准整体木板。
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引用次数: 0
Bolt loosening angle measurement along full range of screw exposure length based on 3D point cloud 基于三维点云,在螺钉暴露长度的全范围内测量螺栓松动角度
IF 9.6 1区 工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.autcon.2024.105785
Shengyuan Li , Yushan Le , Jiachen Gao , Xian Li , Xuefeng Zhao
The existing two-dimensional (2D) vision-based bolt loosening measurement range is generally limited to 0–60°. To overcome this limitation, a bolt loosening angle measurement method along full range of screw exposure length based on three-dimensional (3D) point cloud is proposed. Initially, 3D point clouds of bolt groups were reconstructed using 2D images under 18 working conditions, and the 3D point cloud of a single bolt was extracted from the bolt group. Subsequently, the bolt loosening angle along full range of screw exposure length was measured by calculating the rotation angle derived from the change in screw exposure length before and after loosening. The average relative error of all bolt loosening angle measurement results under the 18 working conditions was 3.46 %. Finally, the factors influencing the proposed method were analyzed. The results demonstrated that the proposed method could accurately measure the bolt loosening angle along full range of screw exposure length.
现有的基于视觉的二维(2D)螺栓松动测量范围一般仅限于 0-60°。为了克服这一限制,我们提出了一种基于三维(3D)点云的螺栓松动角度测量方法。首先,在 18 种工作条件下使用二维图像重建螺栓组的三维点云,然后从螺栓组中提取单个螺栓的三维点云。随后,通过计算松动前后螺钉暴露长度变化得出的旋转角度,测量了螺钉暴露长度全范围内的螺栓松动角度。在 18 种工作条件下,所有螺栓松动角测量结果的平均相对误差为 3.46%。最后,分析了影响拟议方法的因素。结果表明,所提出的方法可以准确测量整个螺钉暴露长度范围内的螺栓松动角。
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引用次数: 0
Vision-based construction robot for real-time automated welding with human-robot interaction 基于视觉的建筑机器人,可实现人机交互的实时自动焊接
IF 9.6 1区 工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.autcon.2024.105782
Doyun Lee , Kevin Han
The construction industry is a major consumer of steel, with welding being a crucial aspect of steel fabrication. However, a shortage of welders has emerged as a significant issue. Therefore, the ultimate goal of this study is to develop a fully automated mobile robotic welding system. The preliminary paper presented a method for the automatic detection and alignment of various welding joints. Building on this, this paper proposes a real-time automated welding system capable of path planning and tracking for two butt joints using visual data. Given the precision required in welding, two robotic operations were devised: one for following a trajectory based on real-time image data, and another for welding guided by laser-scanned data. Additionally, human-robot interaction is proposed for path planning in cases where deep learning-based joint detection fails. The automated robotic welding was performed to test the performance of the proposed system, demonstrating its effectiveness and accuracy.
建筑业是钢材的主要消费行业,而焊接是钢材制造的关键环节。然而,焊工短缺已成为一个重大问题。因此,本研究的最终目标是开发一个全自动移动机器人焊接系统。前期论文介绍了一种自动检测和校准各种焊接接头的方法。在此基础上,本文提出了一种实时自动焊接系统,能够利用视觉数据对两个对接接头进行路径规划和跟踪。考虑到焊接的精度要求,本文设计了两种机器人操作:一种是根据实时图像数据跟踪轨迹,另一种是根据激光扫描数据进行焊接。此外,在基于深度学习的关节检测失效的情况下,还提出了人机交互的路径规划。为了测试拟议系统的性能,进行了自动机器人焊接,证明了其有效性和准确性。
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引用次数: 0
Effectiveness of alarm sounds in preventing operator habituation to auditory warnings in construction equipment 警报声在防止操作员对建筑设备中的听觉警报习以为常方面的效果
IF 9.6 1区 工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.autcon.2024.105784
Jeonghyeun Chae , Sungjoo Hwang , Youngcheol Kang
A proximity auditory warning (AW) system has been developed to mitigate accidents involving construction equipment blind spots. However, frequent AW sounds can lead to habituation among construction equipment operators, potentially reducing the system's effectiveness. This paper assessed the effectiveness of AW sounds in mitigating habituation. Twenty-one participants underwent a driving simulation, with reaction time and skin conductance level used as indicators of habituation. Participants' responses to the conventional probe-tone sound were compared with three proposed AW sounds: an auditory icon resembling a threat or dangerous situation, a self-owned name (SON) addressing the participant's name, and a combination of both. SON is recommended as a viable alternative for effective alarm sound. By investigating alarm sounds that enhance operators' responsiveness to obstacles in blind spots, particularly in environments where frequent alarms are unavoidable, this paper contributes to reducing struck-by accidents involving construction equipment.
近距离听觉警告(AW)系统的开发是为了减少涉及建筑设备盲点的事故。然而,频繁的近距离听觉警告声可能会导致建筑设备操作员产生习惯性反应,从而降低系统的有效性。本文评估了 AW 声音在减轻习惯性反应方面的效果。21 名参与者进行了模拟驾驶,并将反应时间和皮肤电导水平作为习惯性反应的指标。将参与者对传统探测音的反应与三种建议的 AW 声音进行了比较:一种类似于威胁或危险情况的听觉图标,一种针对参与者姓名的自称(SON),以及两种声音的组合。建议将 SON 作为有效警报声的可行替代方案。通过研究能提高操作员对盲区障碍物反应能力的警报声,特别是在不可避免地频繁发出警报的环境中,本文有助于减少涉及建筑设备的撞击事故。
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引用次数: 0
Automatic geometric digital twin of box girder bridge using a laser-scanned point cloud 利用激光扫描点云自动生成箱梁桥的几何数字双胞胎
IF 9.6 1区 工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.autcon.2024.105781
Jiangpeng Shu , Ziyue Zeng , Wenhao Li , Shukang Zhou , Congguang Zhang , Caie Xu , He Zhang
Geometric modeling is a pivotal step in creating a digital twin for existing bridge structures. Its deficiency of automation makes geometric modeling step time-consuming and laborious. This paper presents a solution for automatically modeling box girder bridges, including external and internal structures, based on laser-scanned point cloud. The solution includes three vital methods: component segmentation, key points extraction of cross-section, and internal structure reconstruction. The results indicate that the established segmentation model, BCR-Net, exhibited better performance than PointNet++ in component segmentation, as demonstrated by mIoU of 0.9751 on the test set. The mean absolute error on the dimension of the pier, bent cap and external and internal structure of the box girder is 0.27 %, 0.38 %, 0.47 %, and 0.48 %, respectively. It means the proposed methods possessed excellent modeling accuracy while ensuring high efficiency than manual modeling, providing a promising solution for digital twin modeling of bridge structures.
几何建模是为现有桥梁结构创建数字孪生结构的关键步骤。由于缺乏自动化,几何建模步骤费时费力。本文提出了一种基于激光扫描点云的箱梁桥自动建模解决方案,包括外部和内部结构。该解决方案包括三种重要方法:构件分割、截面关键点提取和内部结构重建。结果表明,已建立的分割模型 BCR-Net 在组件分割方面的性能优于 PointNet++,在测试集上的 mIoU 为 0.9751。墩台、弯帽和箱梁内外结构尺寸的平均绝对误差分别为 0.27 %、0.38 %、0.47 % 和 0.48 %。这说明所提出的方法具有优异的建模精度,同时保证了比人工建模更高的效率,为桥梁结构的数字孪生建模提供了一种可行的解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
Voxel-based path-driven 3D concrete printing process simulation framework embedding interlayer behavior 嵌入层间行为的基于体素路径驱动的 3D 混凝土打印过程模拟框架
IF 9.6 1区 工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.autcon.2024.105776
Baixi Chen, Xueqi Zhao, Xiaoping Qian

This paper introduces a numerical framework to model the 3D concrete printing process, considering critical factors, particularly the print path and interlayer interactions. Within this framework, a finite element model is automatically generated for an arbitrary 3D-printed object. This is achieved by voxelizing the bounding space, incorporating a zero-thickness interlayer cohesive zone, and pinpointing the active elements. Additionally, a print path-driven element segment algorithm is developed, allowing for sequential element placement in alignment with the print path during simulation, thereby mirroring the actual printing process. The model efficacy is demonstrated through two benchmarks, focusing on elastic buckling and plastic failure, where it agrees with existing experimental and numerical data. Using this validated model, the impacts of various printing parameters, such as print width, speed, path, and interlayer behaviors are explored, and an integrated toolbox for both educational and academic purposes is created. This toolbox is available at https://github.com/Baixi-Chen/3DCPProcessSimulaion.git.

本文介绍了三维混凝土打印过程建模的数值框架,其中考虑了各种关键因素,特别是打印路径和层间相互作用。在此框架内,可为任意三维打印对象自动生成有限元模型。这是通过将边界空间体素化、纳入零厚度的层间内聚区以及精确定位活动元素来实现的。此外,还开发了一种打印路径驱动的元素分段算法,允许在模拟过程中按照打印路径顺序放置元素,从而反映实际的打印过程。该模型的功效通过两个基准进行了验证,重点是弹性屈曲和塑性破坏,与现有的实验和数值数据相吻合。利用这个经过验证的模型,探索了各种印刷参数(如印刷宽度、速度、路径和层间行为)的影响,并创建了一个用于教育和学术目的的集成工具箱。该工具箱可在 https://github.com/Baixi-Chen/3DCPProcessSimulaion.git 上获取。
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引用次数: 0
Intelligent ergonomic optimization in bimanual worker-robot interaction: A Reinforcement Learning approach 工人与机器人双臂互动中的智能人体工学优化:强化学习方法
IF 9.6 1区 工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.autcon.2024.105741
Mani Amani , Reza Akhavian

Robots have the potential to enhance safety on construction job sites by assuming hazardous tasks. While existing safety research on physical human-robot interaction (pHRI) primarily addresses collision risks, ensuring inherently safe collaborative workflows is equally important. For example, ergonomic optimization in co-manipulation is an important safety consideration in pHRI. While frameworks such as Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) have been an industry standard for these interventions, their lack of a rigorous mathematical structure poses challenges for using them with optimization algorithms. Previous works have tackled this gap by developing approximations or statistical approaches that are error-prone or data-dependent. This paper presents a framework using Reinforcement Learning for precise ergonomic optimization that generalizes to different types of tasks. To ensure practicality and safe experimentations, the training leverages Inverse Kinematics in virtual reality to simulate human movement mechanics. Results of a comparison between the developed framework and ergonomically naive approaches are presented.

机器人有可能通过承担危险任务来提高建筑工地的安全性。虽然现有的物理人机交互(pHRI)安全研究主要针对碰撞风险,但确保协作工作流程的内在安全同样重要。例如,合作操作中的人体工程学优化是 pHRI 的一个重要安全考虑因素。虽然快速全身评估(REBA)等框架已成为这些干预措施的行业标准,但它们缺乏严格的数学结构,这给将它们与优化算法结合使用带来了挑战。以往的研究通过开发易出错或依赖数据的近似或统计方法来解决这一问题。本文提出了一个利用强化学习进行精确人体工程学优化的框架,该框架适用于不同类型的任务。为确保实验的实用性和安全性,训练利用虚拟现实中的逆运动学来模拟人体运动力学。本文介绍了所开发框架与人体工程学方法之间的比较结果。
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引用次数: 0
Deep learning-based intelligent detection of pavement distress 基于深度学习的路面状况智能检测
IF 9.6 1区 工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.autcon.2024.105772
Lele Zheng , Jingjing Xiao , Yinghui Wang , Wangjie Wu , Zhirong Chen , Dongdong Yuan , Wei Jiang

The intelligent detection of pavement distress using deep learning methods has consistently been a hotspot in pavement maintenance. This paper aims to offer new insights to promote research and application in this field through bibliometric analysis. Utilizing publications from the Web of Science Core Collection spanning from 2016 to 2024 as the database, this paper conducts a systematic analysis of statistical data concerning the annual publication numbers, countries/regions, institutions, authors, hot papers, disciplines, and journals. Based on deep learning models, datasets, and the state of practice, this analysis explores the hotspots and fronts of this field. It identifies gaps, challenges, and future research directions, including the exploration and optimization of models, the quality and variability of datasets, the evolution of data acquisition methods, the impact of the state of practice, the prospects of unmanned detection technologies, the integration of multi-source heterogeneous data, and the potential of digital twin technologies.

利用深度学习方法对路面病害进行智能检测一直是路面养护领域的热点。本文旨在通过文献计量分析,为推动该领域的研究与应用提供新的见解。本文以 Web of Science 核心文库中 2016 年至 2024 年的出版物为数据库,对年度出版物数量、国家/地区、机构、作者、热点论文、学科和期刊等统计数据进行了系统分析。基于深度学习模型、数据集和实践状况,本分析探讨了该领域的热点和前沿问题。它指出了差距、挑战和未来研究方向,包括模型的探索和优化、数据集的质量和可变性、数据采集方法的演变、实践状况的影响、无人探测技术的前景、多源异构数据的整合以及数字孪生技术的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
BIM- and blockchain-enabled Automatic Procurement System (BBAPS) removing relationship bias 消除关系偏差的 BIM 和区块链自动采购系统 (BBAPS)
IF 9.6 1区 工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.autcon.2024.105779
Jong Han Yoon , Istiqlal Aurangzeb , Sean McNamara

In the subcontractor (Sub) procurement process, the General Contractor (GC) can seek potential Subs from a limited pool based on their past relationships. This challenges new subcontractors who are qualified for the project but lack prior relationships with the GC. Furthermore, it creates a relationship bias that impedes the creation of a constructive business environment where potential Subs are encouraged to enhance their quality and compete fairly to secure procurement contracts. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a proof-of-concept of a transformational procurement system that integrates blockchain-enabled smart contracts and Building Information Modeling (BIM)-based project management. The proposed system can facilitate the data-driven automatic matching of GC with Subs, thus extending the pool of Subs and eliminating relationship bias in the procurement proceedings to enhance the effectiveness and fairness of the procurement. It contributes to the body of knowledge by enabling a digitalized and automated subcontractor procurement leveraging blockchain.

在分包商(Sub)采购过程中,总承包商(GC)可以根据他们过去的关系,从有限的资源库中寻找潜在的分包商。这就给那些有资格参与项目但与总承包商缺乏以往关系的新分包商带来了挑战。此外,它还造成了一种关系偏见,阻碍了建设性商业环境的建立,在这种环境中,潜在的分包商被鼓励提高自身质量,公平竞争,以获得采购合同。为了应对这些挑战,本文提出了一个转型采购系统的概念验证,该系统集成了支持区块链的智能合约和基于建筑信息模型(BIM)的项目管理。所提议的系统可促进数据驱动的 GC 与 Subs 的自动匹配,从而扩大 Subs 的库,并消除采购程序中的关系偏差,以提高采购的有效性和公平性。该系统利用区块链实现了分包商采购的数字化和自动化,为相关知识体系做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Techniques and strategies in extrusion based 3D concrete printing of complex components to prevent premature failure 基于挤压技术的 3D 混凝土打印复杂部件的技术和策略,以防止过早失效
IF 9.6 1区 工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.autcon.2024.105768
Abdallah Kamhawi, Mania Aghaei Meibodi

Extrusion based 3D Concrete Printing (E-3DCP) is a rapidly growing method of construction due to its ability to manufacture bespoke architectural and structural elements without incurring the additional time and costs typically associated with the manufacturing of the formwork of these components. However, Complex geometries such as overhangs, bridges, and cantilevers pose significant challenges to E-3DCP, increasing the risk of premature failure during 3D printing and complicating the integration of longitudinal reinforcement. In response to these challenges, researchers have developed various techniques and strategies to mitigate these complexities and failures. This paper provides a comprehensive review of these methods, evaluating their advantages and disadvantages, and identifying research gaps in the current literature.

基于挤压的三维混凝土打印(E-3DCP)是一种快速发展的建筑方法,因为它能够制造定制的建筑和结构元素,而无需承担通常与这些组件的模板制造相关的额外时间和成本。然而,悬臂、桥梁和悬臂等复杂几何形状给 E-3DCP 带来了巨大挑战,增加了 3D 打印过程中过早失效的风险,并使纵向加固的集成变得更加复杂。为了应对这些挑战,研究人员开发了各种技术和策略来减轻这些复杂性和故障。本文全面回顾了这些方法,评估了它们的优缺点,并指出了当前文献中存在的研究空白。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Automation in Construction
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