Pub Date : 2023-11-12DOI: 10.3329/bsmmcj.v2i1.69603
M M Shahin Ul Islam
Abstract not available Cover Page of January 2023
2023年1月封面
{"title":"Cover Page Vol. 2(1)","authors":"M M Shahin Ul Islam","doi":"10.3329/bsmmcj.v2i1.69603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bsmmcj.v2i1.69603","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract not available Cover Page of January 2023","PeriodicalId":8681,"journal":{"name":"Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135037578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-12DOI: 10.3329/bsmmcj.v2i1.69602
Ratan Kumar Saha, A S M Tanjilur Rahman, Dipankar Roy, Abu Saleh Ahmed, Adnan Tarif, Md Tofazzal Hussain, Sumit Saha
Bochdalek hernia (BH) is the most common type of congenital diaphragmatic hernia and constitutes 85% of cases. In adults BH is extremely rare. Most of them are asymptomatic. We present a case of BH in an adult patient to point out the importance of clinical examination and computed tomography (CT) scan in reaching the exact diagnosis. A 17-year-old male was presented to the surgery department with a 3-days history of recurrent abdominal pain, vomiting and unable to lie flat. The BH was confirmed on computed tomography (CT) imaging and the patient underwent emergency laparotomy and per-operatively we found part of stomach, greater omentum, splenic flexure of colon along with spleen herniated into the left hemithorax through a defect of approximately 8x6cm in the left postero-lateral aspect of the diaphragm. Reduction of hernia contents and surgical repair of the defect was done with non-absorbable suture. His post-operative period was uneventful. Although rare, this disorder should be recognized and treated appropriately to avoid complications. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med. Coll. J. 2023;2(1): 64-67
{"title":"Diaphragmatic Hernia (Bochdalek Hernia) in an Adult: a Case Report","authors":"Ratan Kumar Saha, A S M Tanjilur Rahman, Dipankar Roy, Abu Saleh Ahmed, Adnan Tarif, Md Tofazzal Hussain, Sumit Saha","doi":"10.3329/bsmmcj.v2i1.69602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bsmmcj.v2i1.69602","url":null,"abstract":"Bochdalek hernia (BH) is the most common type of congenital diaphragmatic hernia and constitutes 85% of cases. In adults BH is extremely rare. Most of them are asymptomatic. We present a case of BH in an adult patient to point out the importance of clinical examination and computed tomography (CT) scan in reaching the exact diagnosis. A 17-year-old male was presented to the surgery department with a 3-days history of recurrent abdominal pain, vomiting and unable to lie flat. The BH was confirmed on computed tomography (CT) imaging and the patient underwent emergency laparotomy and per-operatively we found part of stomach, greater omentum, splenic flexure of colon along with spleen herniated into the left hemithorax through a defect of approximately 8x6cm in the left postero-lateral aspect of the diaphragm. Reduction of hernia contents and surgical repair of the defect was done with non-absorbable suture. His post-operative period was uneventful. Although rare, this disorder should be recognized and treated appropriately to avoid complications. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med. Coll. J. 2023;2(1): 64-67","PeriodicalId":8681,"journal":{"name":"Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135037282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-12DOI: 10.3329/bsmmcj.v2i1.69596
Mohammad Delwar Hossain, Md Abdul Qyuoom, Abu Shoyeb Md Mahamuduzzaman, Imam Uddin Md. Abu Kawsar Mir, Kamrul Ahsan, Abu Faisal Md Pervez, Begum Sharifun Nahar
Worldwide birth defects are one of the main causes of morbidity and disability among children. The risk factors vary significantly by geography, depending on local environmental and genetic factors. Our aim was to ascertain the local risk factors for birth defects, which is the first step toward devising preventive policies. From February 2018 to October 2019, this case-control study was undertaken at Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, in the Department of Neonatology and Obstetrics. During this period 49 admitted newborns with birth abnormalities were selected as cases, and children of similar gestational age, sex, and post-natal age were selected as controls for each case. To determine the risk factors for birth abnormalities, in-depth interviews with mothers regarding their demographic and obstetric histories were recorded and analyzed. We found that mothers aged 26-30 years had a significantly increased risk of birth defects (p = 0.01). Additionally, mothers who had a history of diabetes had a considerably higher risk of delivering a child with birth defects (p = 0.03). During the pregnancy period, mothers who attended <4 antenatal care (ANC) visits and mothers who did not take iron or folic acid supplementation had a higher risk of birth defects (p = 0.02 and p <0.01, respectively).We found out that the majority of birth defect risk factors are preventable or controllable. By promoting appropriate antenatal care and educating mothers about relevant regional risk factors, the occurrence of birth defects can be lowered significantly. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med. Coll. J. 2023;2(1): 33-39
{"title":"Risk Factors of Birth Defects: A Case-control Study in a Tertiary Level Hospital","authors":"Mohammad Delwar Hossain, Md Abdul Qyuoom, Abu Shoyeb Md Mahamuduzzaman, Imam Uddin Md. Abu Kawsar Mir, Kamrul Ahsan, Abu Faisal Md Pervez, Begum Sharifun Nahar","doi":"10.3329/bsmmcj.v2i1.69596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bsmmcj.v2i1.69596","url":null,"abstract":"Worldwide birth defects are one of the main causes of morbidity and disability among children. The risk factors vary significantly by geography, depending on local environmental and genetic factors. Our aim was to ascertain the local risk factors for birth defects, which is the first step toward devising preventive policies. From February 2018 to October 2019, this case-control study was undertaken at Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, in the Department of Neonatology and Obstetrics. During this period 49 admitted newborns with birth abnormalities were selected as cases, and children of similar gestational age, sex, and post-natal age were selected as controls for each case. To determine the risk factors for birth abnormalities, in-depth interviews with mothers regarding their demographic and obstetric histories were recorded and analyzed. We found that mothers aged 26-30 years had a significantly increased risk of birth defects (p = 0.01). Additionally, mothers who had a history of diabetes had a considerably higher risk of delivering a child with birth defects (p = 0.03). During the pregnancy period, mothers who attended <4 antenatal care (ANC) visits and mothers who did not take iron or folic acid supplementation had a higher risk of birth defects (p = 0.02 and p <0.01, respectively).We found out that the majority of birth defect risk factors are preventable or controllable. By promoting appropriate antenatal care and educating mothers about relevant regional risk factors, the occurrence of birth defects can be lowered significantly. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med. Coll. J. 2023;2(1): 33-39","PeriodicalId":8681,"journal":{"name":"Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135037573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The incidence of placenta accreta spectrum is gradually increasing due to increased rate of caesarean sections (CS). Due to torrential haemorrhage, placenta percreta is one of the main reasons for emergency peripartum hysterectomies and mostly results in subsequent maternal mortalities and morbidities. In such cases, caesarean hysterectomy leaving the placenta in situ without any separation of placenta is preferred. We observed the outcome of such patients managed with planned caesarean hysterectomy. This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics, Faridpur Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh. A total of 14 patients who underwent planned caesarean hysterectomy due to placenta percreta were studied. We performed delivery of the baby through upper segment transverse incision without placental separation. The umbilical cord was ligated leaving the placenta in the uterine cavity and cut margins of the uterus was closed with few interrupted sutures and then hysterectomy was performed. Among 14 cases, the mean age was 30 years, mean gestational age at the time of delivery was 36 weeks, and all had a history of one or more CS. Before operation, mean Hb% was 8.9 g/dl. A mean of 1.5 units pre-operative and 1.2 units post-operative blood transfusions was needed. Post-operative mean Hb% was 10.5 gm/dl. Half of the women were discharged on their 3rd post-operative day. None of them had serious pre- and post-operative complications. In light of our findings, we recommend managing placenta percreta by planned caesarean hysterectomy with the placenta left in situ to minimise blood loss and subsequent maternal mortality and morbidity.
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med. Coll. J. 2022;1(2):80-84
{"title":"Outcome of Placenta Percreta Management by Planned Peripartum Hysterectomy in a Tertiary Level Hospital","authors":"Fahmida Zesmin, Dilruba Zeba, Rajib Biswas, Kaneez Fatema, Samiya Alam, Shafeya Khanam","doi":"10.3329/bsmmcj.v1i2.69345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bsmmcj.v1i2.69345","url":null,"abstract":"The incidence of placenta accreta spectrum is gradually increasing due to increased rate of caesarean sections (CS). Due to torrential haemorrhage, placenta percreta is one of the main reasons for emergency peripartum hysterectomies and mostly results in subsequent maternal mortalities and morbidities. In such cases, caesarean hysterectomy leaving the placenta in situ without any separation of placenta is preferred. We observed the outcome of such patients managed with planned caesarean hysterectomy. This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics, Faridpur Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh. A total of 14 patients who underwent planned caesarean hysterectomy due to placenta percreta were studied. We performed delivery of the baby through upper segment transverse incision without placental separation. The umbilical cord was ligated leaving the placenta in the uterine cavity and cut margins of the uterus was closed with few interrupted sutures and then hysterectomy was performed. Among 14 cases, the mean age was 30 years, mean gestational age at the time of delivery was 36 weeks, and all had a history of one or more CS. Before operation, mean Hb% was 8.9 g/dl. A mean of 1.5 units pre-operative and 1.2 units post-operative blood transfusions was needed. Post-operative mean Hb% was 10.5 gm/dl. Half of the women were discharged on their 3rd post-operative day. None of them had serious pre- and post-operative complications. In light of our findings, we recommend managing placenta percreta by planned caesarean hysterectomy with the placenta left in situ to minimise blood loss and subsequent maternal mortality and morbidity.
 Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med. Coll. J. 2022;1(2):80-84","PeriodicalId":8681,"journal":{"name":"Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135853870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.3329/bsmmcj.v1i2.69347
Md Shafiq Ur Rahman, Nripendra Nath Biswas, Shahbub Alam, Debabrota Roy, ATM Sumaief Ur Rahman, Ranjit Kumar Rudra, BM Lutfar Rahman, Md Muktadir Arefin, Molla Sharfuddin Ahmad, S M Munawar Murshed
Exposure to any type of noise has a potential risk. Higher the level of noise and longer duration of exposure, more the risk for hearing sensitivity and health as a whole. Occupational noise induced hearing loss (ONIHL) is a major cause of disability throughout the world. So this study was designed to know the prevalence of NIHL among the noise exposed industrial workers in Bangladesh. A prospective observational study of 377 People working at industrial environment in Jute mills at Faridpur region were studied between January 2021 to June 2021. Data collected from each respondent recorded on a predesigned data collection form. Pure tone audiometry was performed in both ears. Among 377 study population, 157(41.6%) subjects had hearing loss and 220 subjects (58.4%) had no loss. Among the workers with hearing loss, 98(62.4%) got hearing loss on both sides, 32(20.4%) on the right side and 27(17.2%) on the left side. Among them 83(52.9%) had mild hearing loss, 37(23.6%) had moderate hearing loss, 31(19.7%) had severe hearing loss and 6(3.8%) had profound hearing loss. The average duration of work in the industry was 6.94±5.64 years and majority (78.5%) had 8 hours working hour per day and 21.5% had more than 8 hours. The average sound intensity was 91.51±8.12 dB(A) with 10.9% exposed to <_85 dB(A) and 89.1% to >85 dB(A). This study shows Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL)as highly prevalent among noise-exposed workers in Bangladesh. Age >35 years, high noise level, exposure of more than 10 years, were significantly associated with increased risk of hearing loss. The local and national authority should focus on noise monitoring, engineering modifications of buildings and machinery, occupational safety policies, administrative controls, providing education on NIHL, periodic audiometric assessments and follow-up evaluation for hearing threshold shift. This study supported the elements for further research studies related to the employer compliance with occupational health and safety regulations to address awareness of their responsibility in minimizing hazards in workplaces.
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med. Coll. J. 2022;1(1):90-95
{"title":"Prevalence of Hearing Loss among Noise Exposed Industrial Workers","authors":"Md Shafiq Ur Rahman, Nripendra Nath Biswas, Shahbub Alam, Debabrota Roy, ATM Sumaief Ur Rahman, Ranjit Kumar Rudra, BM Lutfar Rahman, Md Muktadir Arefin, Molla Sharfuddin Ahmad, S M Munawar Murshed","doi":"10.3329/bsmmcj.v1i2.69347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bsmmcj.v1i2.69347","url":null,"abstract":"Exposure to any type of noise has a potential risk. Higher the level of noise and longer duration of exposure, more the risk for hearing sensitivity and health as a whole. Occupational noise induced hearing loss (ONIHL) is a major cause of disability throughout the world. So this study was designed to know the prevalence of NIHL among the noise exposed industrial workers in Bangladesh. A prospective observational study of 377 People working at industrial environment in Jute mills at Faridpur region were studied between January 2021 to June 2021. Data collected from each respondent recorded on a predesigned data collection form. Pure tone audiometry was performed in both ears. Among 377 study population, 157(41.6%) subjects had hearing loss and 220 subjects (58.4%) had no loss. Among the workers with hearing loss, 98(62.4%) got hearing loss on both sides, 32(20.4%) on the right side and 27(17.2%) on the left side. Among them 83(52.9%) had mild hearing loss, 37(23.6%) had moderate hearing loss, 31(19.7%) had severe hearing loss and 6(3.8%) had profound hearing loss. The average duration of work in the industry was 6.94±5.64 years and majority (78.5%) had 8 hours working hour per day and 21.5% had more than 8 hours. The average sound intensity was 91.51±8.12 dB(A) with 10.9% exposed to <_85 dB(A) and 89.1% to >85 dB(A). This study shows Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL)as highly prevalent among noise-exposed workers in Bangladesh. Age >35 years, high noise level, exposure of more than 10 years, were significantly associated with increased risk of hearing loss. The local and national authority should focus on noise monitoring, engineering modifications of buildings and machinery, occupational safety policies, administrative controls, providing education on NIHL, periodic audiometric assessments and follow-up evaluation for hearing threshold shift. This study supported the elements for further research studies related to the employer compliance with occupational health and safety regulations to address awareness of their responsibility in minimizing hazards in workplaces.
 Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med. Coll. J. 2022;1(1):90-95","PeriodicalId":8681,"journal":{"name":"Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135854178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.3329/bsmmcj.v1i2.69346
Suranjit Kumar Saha, M M Shahin Ul Islam, Md Hasnat Yousuf Zaki, Md Nizam Uddin, Mohammad Rezaul Quader, Sharmin Rahman, Prativa Saha, Molla Sharfuddin Ahmad
Acute poisoning is common in Bangladesh and causes a significant number of hospital admissions. That causes anumber of mortality, morbidity as well as increases the economic burden in health care system. But it can beprevented. For that it is necessary to observe and study the poisoning related factors and events around the country.So, the aim of our study is to find out and describe the mode, pattern and precipitating factors of poisoning in asouthern district hospital. This cross-sectional observational study was done in the department of Medicine ofPirojpur District Hospital, from January to December 2020. The study was conducted among 100 patients of bothgenders those were hospitalized with the history of poisoning. In the study young people (40% in 14-25 years and37% in 26-35 years) were predominantly affected and 61% were female. Suicidal attempt was the commonest(74;74%) mode of poisoning that mostly caused by pesticides. Stupefying mode was observed in case of 15(15%)male travelers as street poisoning. Highest number of poisoning (45;45%) was caused by pesticides. The sedative(14;14%), copper sulphate (11;11%) and harpic (5;5%) poisoning was observed mostly as a suicidal mode. Historyof savlon (4;4%) and Kerosene (2;2%) poisoning was found as an accidental mode. As a recreational mode two malewere admitted with alcohol poisoning. Considering the precipitating factor, maximum cases (54;54%) had the historyof unsatisfactory family events. Street poisoning (15;15%) was precipitated by the careless behavior of travelers.Accidental poisoning (9,9%) was invited by unmindful and hurried attitude. Problem related to love and affair wasobserved in 8(8%) cases. Study and examination result precipitated poisoning in 7(7%) cases. History of job andincome dissatisfaction was found in 4(4%) cases. So those factors related with the poisoning should be considered.That will help to make a comprehensive strategy in order to resist these preventable events. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med. Coll. J. 2022;1(1):85-89
{"title":"Mode, Pattern and Precipitating factors of Acute Poisoning in a Southern District Hospital in Bangladesh","authors":"Suranjit Kumar Saha, M M Shahin Ul Islam, Md Hasnat Yousuf Zaki, Md Nizam Uddin, Mohammad Rezaul Quader, Sharmin Rahman, Prativa Saha, Molla Sharfuddin Ahmad","doi":"10.3329/bsmmcj.v1i2.69346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bsmmcj.v1i2.69346","url":null,"abstract":"Acute poisoning is common in Bangladesh and causes a significant number of hospital admissions. That causes anumber of mortality, morbidity as well as increases the economic burden in health care system. But it can beprevented. For that it is necessary to observe and study the poisoning related factors and events around the country.So, the aim of our study is to find out and describe the mode, pattern and precipitating factors of poisoning in asouthern district hospital. This cross-sectional observational study was done in the department of Medicine ofPirojpur District Hospital, from January to December 2020. The study was conducted among 100 patients of bothgenders those were hospitalized with the history of poisoning. In the study young people (40% in 14-25 years and37% in 26-35 years) were predominantly affected and 61% were female. Suicidal attempt was the commonest(74;74%) mode of poisoning that mostly caused by pesticides. Stupefying mode was observed in case of 15(15%)male travelers as street poisoning. Highest number of poisoning (45;45%) was caused by pesticides. The sedative(14;14%), copper sulphate (11;11%) and harpic (5;5%) poisoning was observed mostly as a suicidal mode. Historyof savlon (4;4%) and Kerosene (2;2%) poisoning was found as an accidental mode. As a recreational mode two malewere admitted with alcohol poisoning. Considering the precipitating factor, maximum cases (54;54%) had the historyof unsatisfactory family events. Street poisoning (15;15%) was precipitated by the careless behavior of travelers.Accidental poisoning (9,9%) was invited by unmindful and hurried attitude. Problem related to love and affair wasobserved in 8(8%) cases. Study and examination result precipitated poisoning in 7(7%) cases. History of job andincome dissatisfaction was found in 4(4%) cases. So those factors related with the poisoning should be considered.That will help to make a comprehensive strategy in order to resist these preventable events. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med. Coll. J. 2022;1(1):85-89","PeriodicalId":8681,"journal":{"name":"Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135854186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.3329/bsmmcj.v1i2.69348
Hafizur Rahman
Thyroid disease is of common occurrence, especially in iodine deficient areas. Thyroid nodules are common findings in the general population. It is important to distinguish the subset of thyroid nodules that are malignant, as morbidity and mortality from thyroid cancer increases with disease stage. B-mode ultrasound features are initially used to select thyroid nodules for FNA. Although FNA is considered the gold standard for diagnosis, it is yet imperfect as up to 1530% of samples are considered non-diagnostic or indeterminate. Thyroid ultrasound elastography(USE) is a noninvasive method of assessing thyroid nodules that provides complementary information to B-mode ultrasound and FNA. The combined use of thyroid USE with B-mode ultrasound may improve the ability to discriminate benign from malignant thyroid nodules and reduce the number of needed FNAs. Thyroid USE may also aid with the difficult problem of distinguishing between malignant and benign follicular neoplasm.The elastic properties of tissue have always been of interest in clinical practice. In the past, the identification of structures that were stiffer on physical palpation would raise the suspicion. With the development and advancement of medicine, there proved to be a true correlation in the prediction of malignancy of lesion: malignant disease tends to stiffen the affected tissue, either by increased cell proliferation or fibrosis. Palpation is the oldest method for the detection of thyroid nodules, which if informed by the knowledge that malignant thyroid lesions tend to be much harder than benign ones. Palpation is dependent on the size, location and skill of the physician. Nodules are very small or located in deep regions; there detection by palpation is difficult or even impossible. Although malignant lesion differs in terms of elasticity, it may not have echogenic properties, preventing its detection by conventional ultrasound. Imaging that indicates the stiffness or deformation related to their structural formation.
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med. Coll. J. 2022;1(2):96-98
{"title":"Thyroid Ultrasound Elastography: A Promising Undeniably Diagnostic Tool for Predicting the Risk of Malignancy","authors":"Hafizur Rahman","doi":"10.3329/bsmmcj.v1i2.69348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bsmmcj.v1i2.69348","url":null,"abstract":"Thyroid disease is of common occurrence, especially in iodine deficient areas. Thyroid nodules are common findings in the general population. It is important to distinguish the subset of thyroid nodules that are malignant, as morbidity and mortality from thyroid cancer increases with disease stage. B-mode ultrasound features are initially used to select thyroid nodules for FNA. Although FNA is considered the gold standard for diagnosis, it is yet imperfect as up to 1530% of samples are considered non-diagnostic or indeterminate. Thyroid ultrasound elastography(USE) is a noninvasive method of assessing thyroid nodules that provides complementary information to B-mode ultrasound and FNA. The combined use of thyroid USE with B-mode ultrasound may improve the ability to discriminate benign from malignant thyroid nodules and reduce the number of needed FNAs. Thyroid USE may also aid with the difficult problem of distinguishing between malignant and benign follicular neoplasm.The elastic properties of tissue have always been of interest in clinical practice. In the past, the identification of structures that were stiffer on physical palpation would raise the suspicion. With the development and advancement of medicine, there proved to be a true correlation in the prediction of malignancy of lesion: malignant disease tends to stiffen the affected tissue, either by increased cell proliferation or fibrosis. Palpation is the oldest method for the detection of thyroid nodules, which if informed by the knowledge that malignant thyroid lesions tend to be much harder than benign ones. Palpation is dependent on the size, location and skill of the physician. Nodules are very small or located in deep regions; there detection by palpation is difficult or even impossible. Although malignant lesion differs in terms of elasticity, it may not have echogenic properties, preventing its detection by conventional ultrasound. Imaging that indicates the stiffness or deformation related to their structural formation.
 Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med. Coll. J. 2022;1(2):96-98","PeriodicalId":8681,"journal":{"name":"Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135853704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.3329/bsmmcj.v1i2.69349
Mohammad Rezaul Quader, Mohammad Jahidur Rahman Khan, Arifa Akram, Md Shahidul Islam, Nusrat Mannan, Md Sabir Hossain, Nurul Karim, Farha Matin Juliana, Amirul Huda Bhuiyan, Paroma Deb, Farhana Khatoon, Farzana Mim, Md Selim Reza
COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus have a dynamic and bidirectional relationship. Diabetes is a risk factor for COVID19. Diabetes mellitus is linked to hypercoagulability, inflammation, hyperglycemia, and other conditions (obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease). Hyperglycemia may worsen SARS-CoV-2 infection. As a result of direct pancreatic damage caused by COVID-19, the stress response is triggered response to infection (including cytokine storm), including the use of hyperglycemic prescription medications such as corticosteroids for severe COVID-19, new-onset hyperglycemia and diabetes have been linked to the virus, as well as rapidly deteriorating blood glucose control in pre-existing diabetes. Insulin resistance and decreased b-cell secretion cause hyperglycemia. Challenges still remain in establishing the connection between COVID-19 and diabetes, whilst the pandemic progresses.
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med. Coll. J. 2022;1(2):99-103
{"title":"COVID-19 and Diabetes: Acknowledging the Bidirectional Link","authors":"Mohammad Rezaul Quader, Mohammad Jahidur Rahman Khan, Arifa Akram, Md Shahidul Islam, Nusrat Mannan, Md Sabir Hossain, Nurul Karim, Farha Matin Juliana, Amirul Huda Bhuiyan, Paroma Deb, Farhana Khatoon, Farzana Mim, Md Selim Reza","doi":"10.3329/bsmmcj.v1i2.69349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bsmmcj.v1i2.69349","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus have a dynamic and bidirectional relationship. Diabetes is a risk factor for COVID19. Diabetes mellitus is linked to hypercoagulability, inflammation, hyperglycemia, and other conditions (obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease). Hyperglycemia may worsen SARS-CoV-2 infection. As a result of direct pancreatic damage caused by COVID-19, the stress response is triggered response to infection (including cytokine storm), including the use of hyperglycemic prescription medications such as corticosteroids for severe COVID-19, new-onset hyperglycemia and diabetes have been linked to the virus, as well as rapidly deteriorating blood glucose control in pre-existing diabetes. Insulin resistance and decreased b-cell secretion cause hyperglycemia. Challenges still remain in establishing the connection between COVID-19 and diabetes, whilst the pandemic progresses.
 Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med. Coll. J. 2022;1(2):99-103","PeriodicalId":8681,"journal":{"name":"Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135854170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.3329/bsmmcj.v1i2.69344
Fahmida Islam, Mst Naznin Sarker, Rafia Rashid, Farhana Islam, A S M Bazlul Karim
Pancreatitis in childhood is not common. It can be associated with severe morbidity and mortality. The role of clinicalevaluation is vital as it can be misdiagnosed easily. This study was aimed to review the prevalence, etiology,presentation and outcome of pancreatitis in children. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department ofPediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from January,2017 through June, 2018. A total 43 cases of pancreatitis were included in this study. Pancreatitis was classified asacute pancreatitis(AP), acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP) as per diagnostic criteriamade by INSPPIRE (International Study Group of Pediatric Pancreatitis: In Search for a Cure) group. Among 43children (age 10.1 mean ± 2.55,18 males); AP,14 (32.6%); ARP, 14(32.6%) and CP,15(34.8 %). Half of AP wasidiopathic. Majority of ARP (28.6%) were idiopathic and CP (40%) had calcific pancreatitis. Majority of patients hadvomiting followed by moderate to severe abdominal pain. In CP 4(26.6%) patient developed diabetes mellitus.Majority of pancreatitis in children is idiopathic. A sub-set of AP goes on to develop ARP and CP on follow-up andbeing in the idiopathic sub-set is a risk factor. CP is progress to endocrine and exocrine insufficiency. Early diagnosis,close monitoring and proper intervention are mandatory to reduce the potential morbidity and mortality. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med. Coll. J. 2022;1(2):76-79
儿童胰腺炎并不常见。它可能与严重的发病率和死亡率有关。临床评估的作用是至关重要的，因为它很容易被误诊。本研究旨在回顾儿童胰腺炎的患病率、病因、表现和预后。这项横断面研究是在儿科消化内科进行的。2017年1月至2018年6月期间，孟加拉国谢赫穆吉布医科大学营养学。本研究共纳入43例胰腺炎病例。根据inspire(国际儿童胰腺炎研究组:In Search for a Cure)小组制定的诊断标准，将胰腺炎分为急性胰腺炎(AP)、急性复发性胰腺炎(ARP)和慢性胰腺炎(CP)。43例儿童(平均10.1岁±2.55岁，男性18例);美联社,14 (32.6%);ARP 14例(32.6%)，CP 15例(34.8%)。一半的AP是特发性的。大多数ARP(28.6%)为特发性，CP(40%)为钙化性胰腺炎。大多数患者伴有呕吐，随后出现中度至重度腹痛。第4期(26.6%)患者并发糖尿病。大多数儿童胰腺炎是特发性的。AP的一个子集在随访中继续发展为ARP和CP，处于特发性子集是一个危险因素。CP进展为内分泌和外分泌功能不全。早期诊断、密切监测和适当干预是降低潜在发病率和死亡率的必要条件。Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med. col。j . 2022; 1 (2): 76 - 79
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Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.3329/bsmmcj.v1i2.69338
Kamol Chandra Das, Sultana Ferdousi, S F H Urmi, Musfika Mostafa, Shomia Farid Tonni
Time domain measure of heart rate variability (HRV) is a newersystem to seek out any alteration in cardiacautonomic nerve function (CANF) in transfusion dependent thalassemic (TDT) patients. Slow breathing exercise(SBE) plays important role in improvement of HRV in health and various diseases.This research aims to observe theeffect of slow breathing exercise (SBE) on time domain measures of HRV in TDT patients. This prospectiveinterventional study was done in the Department of Physiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University(BSMMU), Dhaka in 2018 on 60 male TDT patients aged 15-30 years. Thirty patients received conventionaltreatment and 30 patients performed slow breathing exercise along with the conventional treatment for 3 months. Ageand sex matched healthy control were taken to compare. All subjects were followed up at baseline and after 3 months.Time domain HRV parameters were recorded by Power Lab 8/35. For statistical analysis paired sample 't' test andindependent sample 't' test were done. Mean RR interval, Mean SD, RMSSD and pRR50% were found significantlylower in TDT patients compared to healthy control at baseline and on the other hand mean heart rate was significantlyhigher in this group of patients. After 3 months of slow breathing exercise, significant decrement of mean heart rateand significant increment of others parameters occurred with trend of improvement in cardiac autonomic nervefunction in TDT patients. In conclusion slow breathing exercise may improve cardiac autonomic nerve function andsympathovagal balance in transfusion dependent thalassemic patients. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med. Coll. J. 2022;1(2):65-69
{"title":"Effect of Slow Breathing Exercise on Time Domain Heart Rate Variability in Transfusion Dependent Thalassemic Patients","authors":"Kamol Chandra Das, Sultana Ferdousi, S F H Urmi, Musfika Mostafa, Shomia Farid Tonni","doi":"10.3329/bsmmcj.v1i2.69338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bsmmcj.v1i2.69338","url":null,"abstract":"Time domain measure of heart rate variability (HRV) is a newersystem to seek out any alteration in cardiacautonomic nerve function (CANF) in transfusion dependent thalassemic (TDT) patients. Slow breathing exercise(SBE) plays important role in improvement of HRV in health and various diseases.This research aims to observe theeffect of slow breathing exercise (SBE) on time domain measures of HRV in TDT patients. This prospectiveinterventional study was done in the Department of Physiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University(BSMMU), Dhaka in 2018 on 60 male TDT patients aged 15-30 years. Thirty patients received conventionaltreatment and 30 patients performed slow breathing exercise along with the conventional treatment for 3 months. Ageand sex matched healthy control were taken to compare. All subjects were followed up at baseline and after 3 months.Time domain HRV parameters were recorded by Power Lab 8/35. For statistical analysis paired sample 't' test andindependent sample 't' test were done. Mean RR interval, Mean SD, RMSSD and pRR50% were found significantlylower in TDT patients compared to healthy control at baseline and on the other hand mean heart rate was significantlyhigher in this group of patients. After 3 months of slow breathing exercise, significant decrement of mean heart rateand significant increment of others parameters occurred with trend of improvement in cardiac autonomic nervefunction in TDT patients. In conclusion slow breathing exercise may improve cardiac autonomic nerve function andsympathovagal balance in transfusion dependent thalassemic patients. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med. Coll. J. 2022;1(2):65-69","PeriodicalId":8681,"journal":{"name":"Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135853850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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