Jalal Hatem Hussein Bayati, Abid Mahboob, Muhammad Waheed Rasheed, Dur e Najaf
A graph denoted by H, which has a simple link between its vertices, possesses the set of vertices V(H) . Given a graph, a set that is dominant, is a subset of vertex set such that any vertex outside of is close to at least one vertex inside of . The smallest size of for the dominating set is known as the graph’s domination number. When a linked graph H has a vertex x and a subset of the vertex set, the separation between x and S is given by. Pertaining to an ordered k-partition of , the illustration of in relation to Π is to be the k-vectorAbid-Waheed graph is a simply connected graph which contains vertices and edges for all and In this paper, we studied some results on the domination number, independent and restrained domination number denoted by respectively in the Abid-Waheed graphs and the relation between domination number, independent and restrained domination number. Also, the objective of this paper is to generate a partition dimension of.
{"title":"On Partition Dimension and Domination of Abid-Waheed 〖(AW)〗_r^4 Graph","authors":"Jalal Hatem Hussein Bayati, Abid Mahboob, Muhammad Waheed Rasheed, Dur e Najaf","doi":"10.21123/bsj.2023.8378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2023.8378","url":null,"abstract":"A graph denoted by H, which has a simple link between its vertices, possesses the set of vertices V(H) . Given a graph, a set that is dominant, is a subset of vertex set such that any vertex outside of is close to at least one vertex inside of . The smallest size of for the dominating set is known as the graph’s domination number. When a linked graph H has a vertex x and a subset of the vertex set, the separation between x and S is given by. Pertaining to an ordered k-partition of , the illustration of in relation to Π is to be the k-vectorAbid-Waheed graph is a simply connected graph which contains vertices and edges for all and In this paper, we studied some results on the domination number, independent and restrained domination number denoted by respectively in the Abid-Waheed graphs and the relation between domination number, independent and restrained domination number. Also, the objective of this paper is to generate a partition dimension of.","PeriodicalId":8687,"journal":{"name":"Baghdad Science Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135616916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Multi-objective de novo programming method is an effective tool to deal with the optimal system design by determining the optimal level of resources allocation (RA) to improve the value of the objective functions according to the price of resources (the conditions are certainty). This paper suggested a new approach for solving uncertainty of De novo programming problems (DNP) using a combination model consisting of a rough interval multi-objective programming (RIMOP) and DNP, where coefficients of decision variables of objective functions and constraints are rough intervals (RIC). Three methods are used to find the optimal system design for the proposed model, the first method is the weighted sum method (WSM) which is used before reformulating RIMOP (bi of constraints is known), WSM gives one ideal solution among the feasible solutions under each bound of sub-problem, the second method is Zeleny’s approach and the third method is the optimal path- ratios, methods (two and three) are used after formulating (RIMODNP) (bi of constraints is unknown), Zeleny’s approach gives one (alternative) optimal system design under each bound of sub-problem, while the optimal path- ratios method: after checking the bounds according to Shi’s theorem, determines whether the bounds of the proposed model are feasible or not, and then use the method, this method uses three types of ratios gives three (alternatives) under each bound of sub-problem. From the results, it is clear that the optimal path-ratios method is more efficient than others in solving the proposed model because it provides alternatives to the decision-maker (DM), it is noted that the proposed model is compatible with the conditions and theories of RIC. As a result, the proposed model is very suitable for conditions of uncertainty. Finally, applied example is also presented for the proposed model application.
{"title":"Optimum System Design Using Rough Interval Multi-Objective De Novo Programming","authors":"Iftikhar Hussein, Hegazy Zaher, Naglaa Ragaa Saeid, Hebaa Sayed Roshdy","doi":"10.21123/bsj.2023.8740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2023.8740","url":null,"abstract":"The Multi-objective de novo programming method is an effective tool to deal with the optimal system design by determining the optimal level of resources allocation (RA) to improve the value of the objective functions according to the price of resources (the conditions are certainty). This paper suggested a new approach for solving uncertainty of De novo programming problems (DNP) using a combination model consisting of a rough interval multi-objective programming (RIMOP) and DNP, where coefficients of decision variables of objective functions and constraints are rough intervals (RIC). Three methods are used to find the optimal system design for the proposed model, the first method is the weighted sum method (WSM) which is used before reformulating RIMOP (bi of constraints is known), WSM gives one ideal solution among the feasible solutions under each bound of sub-problem, the second method is Zeleny’s approach and the third method is the optimal path- ratios, methods (two and three) are used after formulating (RIMODNP) (bi of constraints is unknown), Zeleny’s approach gives one (alternative) optimal system design under each bound of sub-problem, while the optimal path- ratios method: after checking the bounds according to Shi’s theorem, determines whether the bounds of the proposed model are feasible or not, and then use the method, this method uses three types of ratios gives three (alternatives) under each bound of sub-problem. From the results, it is clear that the optimal path-ratios method is more efficient than others in solving the proposed model because it provides alternatives to the decision-maker (DM), it is noted that the proposed model is compatible with the conditions and theories of RIC. As a result, the proposed model is very suitable for conditions of uncertainty. Finally, applied example is also presented for the proposed model application.","PeriodicalId":8687,"journal":{"name":"Baghdad Science Journal","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135617207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The genus Urtica dioica L. (Urticaceae) is frequently grown in the Kurdistan region of Iraq and is used as a folk remedy by the locals to heal a variety of illnesses. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the total phenolic, flavonoid and vitamin C contents using spectrophotometric method with the determination of antioxidant activities for different solvents such as (aqueous, ethanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform and n-hexane) using different antioxidant methods namely (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, reducing power assay, total antioxidant capacity, nitric oxide scavenging, hydroxyl radical, β -carotene- Linoleic acid and iron chelating assays) and ascorbic acid as standard reference. Our results showed that polar solvent extracts exhibited a significant high phenolic and flavonoid contents while ethyl acetate extract had a high vitamin C content. In addition, the findings showed that the extracts had remarkable antioxidant effects compared with standard ascorbic acid. The ethanol extract of Urtica dioica L. leaves had stronger scavenging activities than other solvent extracts for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and hydroxyl radicals. Water extract exhibited higher antioxidant effect than other extracts for reducing power and nitric oxide scavenging assays while lower antioxidant activity for β -carotene/Linoleic acid and total antioxidant capacity tests. In contrast, non-polar hexane had the highest antioxidant activity for the iron chelating assay. The present study shows that Urtica dioica L. leaf extracts are a viable natural source of antioxidants and may be used in food products as well as nutraceutical applications.
{"title":"Total Phenolic, Flavonoids and Vitamin C Contents with Antioxidant Activity of Urtica dioica L. Leaves Growing in Zakho, Kurdistan Region-Iraq","authors":"Gharbia A. Omer, Lina Y. Mohammed","doi":"10.21123/bsj.2023.8658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2023.8658","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Urtica dioica L. (Urticaceae) is frequently grown in the Kurdistan region of Iraq and is used as a folk remedy by the locals to heal a variety of illnesses. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the total phenolic, flavonoid and vitamin C contents using spectrophotometric method with the determination of antioxidant activities for different solvents such as (aqueous, ethanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform and n-hexane) using different antioxidant methods namely (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, reducing power assay, total antioxidant capacity, nitric oxide scavenging, hydroxyl radical, β -carotene- Linoleic acid and iron chelating assays) and ascorbic acid as standard reference. Our results showed that polar solvent extracts exhibited a significant high phenolic and flavonoid contents while ethyl acetate extract had a high vitamin C content. In addition, the findings showed that the extracts had remarkable antioxidant effects compared with standard ascorbic acid. The ethanol extract of Urtica dioica L. leaves had stronger scavenging activities than other solvent extracts for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and hydroxyl radicals. Water extract exhibited higher antioxidant effect than other extracts for reducing power and nitric oxide scavenging assays while lower antioxidant activity for β -carotene/Linoleic acid and total antioxidant capacity tests. In contrast, non-polar hexane had the highest antioxidant activity for the iron chelating assay. The present study shows that Urtica dioica L. leaf extracts are a viable natural source of antioxidants and may be used in food products as well as nutraceutical applications.","PeriodicalId":8687,"journal":{"name":"Baghdad Science Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135617358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Euphrates softshell turtle Rafetus euphraticus was classified as Endangered species on the IUCN Red List and is thought to have undergone large, recent population declines. Species information in Iraq is limited to a few rapid surveys with little detailed information on breeding and distribution. The study aimed to estimate the population of R. euphraticus in the Central Marshes using simple extrapolation of the count. Quadrate methodology 5 km2 size each was used to record the distribution of Euphrates softshell turtles within the study site and ten surveys were carried out from October 2021 to September 2022 except for the hibernation season (December, January and February). Turtles were recorded inside the water by setting nets in certain areas in the Central Marshes. Simple extrapolation of our counts to the entire Central Marshes suggested a maximum population size of 2526.55 individuals/ total area (219,700 ha). The Central Marshes is an important site for R. euphraticus as a total of 46 individuals were recorded.
{"title":"Population estimation of the Euphrates softshell turtle Rafetus Euphraticus in the Central Marshes (UNESCO site)","authors":"Samer Ammar Taher, Hind Suhail Abdulhay","doi":"10.21123/bsj.2023.8738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2023.8738","url":null,"abstract":"The Euphrates softshell turtle Rafetus euphraticus was classified as Endangered species on the IUCN Red List and is thought to have undergone large, recent population declines. Species information in Iraq is limited to a few rapid surveys with little detailed information on breeding and distribution. The study aimed to estimate the population of R. euphraticus in the Central Marshes using simple extrapolation of the count. Quadrate methodology 5 km2 size each was used to record the distribution of Euphrates softshell turtles within the study site and ten surveys were carried out from October 2021 to September 2022 except for the hibernation season (December, January and February). Turtles were recorded inside the water by setting nets in certain areas in the Central Marshes. Simple extrapolation of our counts to the entire Central Marshes suggested a maximum population size of 2526.55 individuals/ total area (219,700 ha). The Central Marshes is an important site for R. euphraticus as a total of 46 individuals were recorded.","PeriodicalId":8687,"journal":{"name":"Baghdad Science Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135617356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the treatment process Anaerobic- Anoxic- Oxic (A2O) was modified by adding almond shells as biological carriers. The performance of it has been evaluated in two groups for simultaneous removal of organic matter and nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorous) from wastewater. In both groups the hydraulic retention time (HRT) was 12.5 hours and mixed liquor suspended solid (MLSS) was 2000 mg/L. In the first group: The Oxic bioreactor was filled with packing up to 7% on an effective volume basis. In the second group: All bioreactors were filled with packing up to 7% on a volume basis for each tank. The efficiency of the two groups was compared by analyzing the removal efficiencies of COD, SS, NH4+-N, PO4-3. The removal efficiency in the first group was 94.71%, 90.52%, 95.73% and 92.55%, respectively, while in the second group was 96.53%, 89.82%, 98.29% and 95.61%, respectively. The treatment when adding shells in all bioreactors is the best, but the SS removal efficiency decreased slightly, the reason for this is due to the degradation of shells (organic matter). Obtained results indicated the good stability of the modified system without adding any external carbon sources whereas the almond shells have the ability to release carbon. Almond shells have the ability to adsorb pollutants and they were excellent carriers for bacteria (Biofilm).
{"title":"Modification of the Multi-Stage Treatment (Anaerobic- Anoxic- Oxic) by Adding Almond Shells as Biological Carriers","authors":"Raghad Alshalabi, Rasin Zakieh, Naeima Ajib","doi":"10.21123/bsj.2023.9128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2023.9128","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the treatment process Anaerobic- Anoxic- Oxic (A2O) was modified by adding almond shells as biological carriers. The performance of it has been evaluated in two groups for simultaneous removal of organic matter and nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorous) from wastewater. In both groups the hydraulic retention time (HRT) was 12.5 hours and mixed liquor suspended solid (MLSS) was 2000 mg/L. In the first group: The Oxic bioreactor was filled with packing up to 7% on an effective volume basis. In the second group: All bioreactors were filled with packing up to 7% on a volume basis for each tank. The efficiency of the two groups was compared by analyzing the removal efficiencies of COD, SS, NH4+-N, PO4-3. The removal efficiency in the first group was 94.71%, 90.52%, 95.73% and 92.55%, respectively, while in the second group was 96.53%, 89.82%, 98.29% and 95.61%, respectively. The treatment when adding shells in all bioreactors is the best, but the SS removal efficiency decreased slightly, the reason for this is due to the degradation of shells (organic matter). Obtained results indicated the good stability of the modified system without adding any external carbon sources whereas the almond shells have the ability to release carbon. Almond shells have the ability to adsorb pollutants and they were excellent carriers for bacteria (Biofilm).","PeriodicalId":8687,"journal":{"name":"Baghdad Science Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135569249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Association Rules Mining (ARM) forms one of the important data mining techniques. The classical methods that were previously worked on by researchers have become ineffective to deal with the steady growth of databases, which prompted us to use the mining process for association rules based on metahuristic, and in our work all the correct rules will extracted, and mining is not limited to high-quality rules. Swarm intelligence based is one of these methods. In this paper, Modified Meerkat Clan for Association Rules Mining (MCC-ARM) has been proposed. Basically, the proposed algorithm depends on Meerkat Clan Algorithm (MCA). The greatest benefit is the diversity of candidate solutions in MCA. In our work the rules will represented using two methods which are borrowed from the genetic algorithm; in the first one each group of rules refers to object in society which is called Pittsburgh; while the second one each rule refers to an object in society which is called Michigan. The proposed algorithm aims to inspect for the maximum possible number of correct association rules. The so-called algorithm follows the approach of defining the effective search area, which depends on a main random mechanism to lead the algorithm in extracting alternative rules and avoiding total solutions from being guided by the same rule, and this led to a great deal of diversity. In addition, the MCC-ARM uses condensation method in the adjacency search process to prevent the algorithm from falling into the local mode. In order to prove their efficiency, it should be applied on four reliable datasets (i.e. Zoo, German Credit, Primary Tumor and Chess). The enhancement brought about by the proposed algorithm has obtained two crucial factors, namely on the number of correct rules and quality fitness value.
{"title":"Modified Meerkat Clan Algorithm for Association Rules Mining","authors":"Mohamad Ab. Saleh, Ahmed T. Sadiq Sadiq","doi":"10.21123/bsj.2023.8018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2023.8018","url":null,"abstract":"Association Rules Mining (ARM) forms one of the important data mining techniques. The classical methods that were previously worked on by researchers have become ineffective to deal with the steady growth of databases, which prompted us to use the mining process for association rules based on metahuristic, and in our work all the correct rules will extracted, and mining is not limited to high-quality rules. Swarm intelligence based is one of these methods. In this paper, Modified Meerkat Clan for Association Rules Mining (MCC-ARM) has been proposed. Basically, the proposed algorithm depends on Meerkat Clan Algorithm (MCA). The greatest benefit is the diversity of candidate solutions in MCA. In our work the rules will represented using two methods which are borrowed from the genetic algorithm; in the first one each group of rules refers to object in society which is called Pittsburgh; while the second one each rule refers to an object in society which is called Michigan. The proposed algorithm aims to inspect for the maximum possible number of correct association rules. The so-called algorithm follows the approach of defining the effective search area, which depends on a main random mechanism to lead the algorithm in extracting alternative rules and avoiding total solutions from being guided by the same rule, and this led to a great deal of diversity. In addition, the MCC-ARM uses condensation method in the adjacency search process to prevent the algorithm from falling into the local mode. In order to prove their efficiency, it should be applied on four reliable datasets (i.e. Zoo, German Credit, Primary Tumor and Chess). The enhancement brought about by the proposed algorithm has obtained two crucial factors, namely on the number of correct rules and quality fitness value.","PeriodicalId":8687,"journal":{"name":"Baghdad Science Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135569238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reham Khaldoon Ibrahim, Kadhim K. Ghudhaib, Ali Abdulmajid Dyab Allawi
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex disease, which affects many organs besides the pancreas such as the kidney, liver, brain and eye. Due to hyperglycemia at long periods and uncontrolled on diabetes with presence of other risk factors, diabetes complications could occurr. Diabetes complications include microvascular and macrovascular complications that target the kidneys. The aim of this study is to predict early fibrosis of the renal glomeruli and tubules by evaluating the levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme -2(ACE-2), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and some relevant biochemical factors in patients with type 2 diabetes. The study included 120 male and female ranging in age 30-65 years old, they were subdivided into three groups according to ACR criteria include normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria, macroalbuminuria (30 patients for each group) and 30 healthy people served as the control group, who visited Baghdad Teaching Hospital / Medical City and Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, at the period between December 2021 and May 2022. Lipid profile, FBS, urea levels were estimated using calorimetric techniques. ACE-2, CTGF levels were determined using the ELISA technique. The results showed significant differences between groups of patients and control group for (CTGF), (ACE-2) levels were found to be significant increase in patients’ groups than healthy control. Also, the results showed that both fasting blood sugar (FBS) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C) were significantly increased in patients’ groups compared to healthy group. Furthermore, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) revealed high significant differences among all the studied groups, as well as albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) which showed high significant differences among the three patients’ groups which represents the basic criteria for classification of patient groups. On the basis of the obtained results in this study, it can be concluded that each of ACE-2 and CTGF markers can be applied as early reliable prognosticated factors for detection disease progression.
{"title":"Early Prediction of Nephropathy in Iraqi Patient with Diabetes Type II by Evaluating Some Relevant Biochemical Factors","authors":"Reham Khaldoon Ibrahim, Kadhim K. Ghudhaib, Ali Abdulmajid Dyab Allawi","doi":"10.21123/bsj.2023.8008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2023.8008","url":null,"abstract":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex disease, which affects many organs besides the pancreas such as the kidney, liver, brain and eye. Due to hyperglycemia at long periods and uncontrolled on diabetes with presence of other risk factors, diabetes complications could occurr. Diabetes complications include microvascular and macrovascular complications that target the kidneys. The aim of this study is to predict early fibrosis of the renal glomeruli and tubules by evaluating the levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme -2(ACE-2), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and some relevant biochemical factors in patients with type 2 diabetes. The study included 120 male and female ranging in age 30-65 years old, they were subdivided into three groups according to ACR criteria include normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria, macroalbuminuria (30 patients for each group) and 30 healthy people served as the control group, who visited Baghdad Teaching Hospital / Medical City and Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, at the period between December 2021 and May 2022. Lipid profile, FBS, urea levels were estimated using calorimetric techniques. ACE-2, CTGF levels were determined using the ELISA technique. The results showed significant differences between groups of patients and control group for (CTGF), (ACE-2) levels were found to be significant increase in patients’ groups than healthy control. Also, the results showed that both fasting blood sugar (FBS) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C) were significantly increased in patients’ groups compared to healthy group. Furthermore, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) revealed high significant differences among all the studied groups, as well as albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) which showed high significant differences among the three patients’ groups which represents the basic criteria for classification of patient groups. On the basis of the obtained results in this study, it can be concluded that each of ACE-2 and CTGF markers can be applied as early reliable prognosticated factors for detection disease progression.","PeriodicalId":8687,"journal":{"name":"Baghdad Science Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135569393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Due to its availability, affordability, effectiveness, and low cost, the green-based synthesis of silver nanoparticles by plants is gaining popularity. It is safe to handle and has a wide range of metabolites, including antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The production of AgNPs was established in this work utilizing aqueous and methanolic extracts of fresh Camellia sinensis leaves that reduced silver nitrate. This process enabled the creation of NPs, which were then characterized using a range of analytical techniques including ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Atomic Fluorescence Microscopy (AFM), X-ray scattering (XRD), and Zeta potential analyzer. The color of aqueous silver nitrate changes following treatment with fresh leaf extracts, and was confirmed by UV-Vis spectra. In addition, the AFM analysis that showed particles were spherical, either individually or together with average sizes 108.3 and 84.76 nm for aqueous and methanolic extracts respectively. The crystalline nature of the nanoparticles was verified by the XRD method. The average size was estimated according to the Scherrer equation and they were 61.24, 99.66 nm for Camellia sinensis silver nanoparticles (CANPs) aqueous and methanolic extracts respectively. In addition the zeta potential values were -30.31 and -32.33 mV for CANPs aqueous and methanolic extracts respectively.
{"title":"Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Using Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) Extracts","authors":"Hawazen H. Salih","doi":"10.21123/bsj.2023.8344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2023.8344","url":null,"abstract":"Due to its availability, affordability, effectiveness, and low cost, the green-based synthesis of silver nanoparticles by plants is gaining popularity. It is safe to handle and has a wide range of metabolites, including antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The production of AgNPs was established in this work utilizing aqueous and methanolic extracts of fresh Camellia sinensis leaves that reduced silver nitrate. This process enabled the creation of NPs, which were then characterized using a range of analytical techniques including ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Atomic Fluorescence Microscopy (AFM), X-ray scattering (XRD), and Zeta potential analyzer. The color of aqueous silver nitrate changes following treatment with fresh leaf extracts, and was confirmed by UV-Vis spectra. In addition, the AFM analysis that showed particles were spherical, either individually or together with average sizes 108.3 and 84.76 nm for aqueous and methanolic extracts respectively. The crystalline nature of the nanoparticles was verified by the XRD method. The average size was estimated according to the Scherrer equation and they were 61.24, 99.66 nm for Camellia sinensis silver nanoparticles (CANPs) aqueous and methanolic extracts respectively. In addition the zeta potential values were -30.31 and -32.33 mV for CANPs aqueous and methanolic extracts respectively.","PeriodicalId":8687,"journal":{"name":"Baghdad Science Journal","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135617079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jalil Talab Abdullah, Haleema Swaidan Ali, Waleeda Swaidan Ali
In this article, a numerical method based on Boubaker polynomials (BPs) was presented to solve the Linear Abel integral (LAI) Eqs of first and second types. The matrices were used to form the (LAI) Eq into a system of linear Eqs. To get Boubaker parameters, solve this system of Eqs using the Guess elimination method. To explain the results of this method, four examples have been provided and compared with the results of many methods mentioned in previous research. MATLAB R2018b program was used to perform all calculations and graphs.
{"title":"Numerical Solutions of Linear Abel Integral Equations Via Boubaker Polynomials Method","authors":"Jalil Talab Abdullah, Haleema Swaidan Ali, Waleeda Swaidan Ali","doi":"10.21123/bsj.2023.8167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2023.8167","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, a numerical method based on Boubaker polynomials (BPs) was presented to solve the Linear Abel integral (LAI) Eqs of first and second types. The matrices were used to form the (LAI) Eq into a system of linear Eqs. To get Boubaker parameters, solve this system of Eqs using the Guess elimination method. To explain the results of this method, four examples have been provided and compared with the results of many methods mentioned in previous research. MATLAB R2018b program was used to perform all calculations and graphs.","PeriodicalId":8687,"journal":{"name":"Baghdad Science Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135569392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
From synthesized novel ligand (L) made of Malonic acid dihydrazide and 2-pyridine carboxaldehyde, new complexes have been created. Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) complexes were created as a result. FT-IR, UV-Vis, Mass, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, C.H.N., Chloride-containing, Molar Conductance, Magnetic Susceptibility, and Atomic Absorption have all been used to identify these compounds. For each Nickel, Copper, and Zinc complexes the characterization findings revealed complexes with hexadentate octahedral coordination geometry and tetradentate ligand. Two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtitles) and two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria, as well as candida fungus, were evaluated for the biological activities of the novel compounds. With the exception of the Nickel complex, which failed to produce any effective inhibitory effects against pseudomonas, their results in inhibition were good.
{"title":"Synthesis, Spectroscopy and Biological Activity Study of Some New Complexes with Schiff Base Derived From Malonic Acid Dihydrazide with 2-pyridine Crboxaldehyde","authors":"Rehab Ghalib Hammoda, Naser Shaalan","doi":"10.21123/bsj.2023.8499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2023.8499","url":null,"abstract":"From synthesized novel ligand (L) made of Malonic acid dihydrazide and 2-pyridine carboxaldehyde, new complexes have been created. Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) complexes were created as a result. FT-IR, UV-Vis, Mass, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, C.H.N., Chloride-containing, Molar Conductance, Magnetic Susceptibility, and Atomic Absorption have all been used to identify these compounds. For each Nickel, Copper, and Zinc complexes the characterization findings revealed complexes with hexadentate octahedral coordination geometry and tetradentate ligand. Two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtitles) and two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria, as well as candida fungus, were evaluated for the biological activities of the novel compounds. With the exception of the Nickel complex, which failed to produce any effective inhibitory effects against pseudomonas, their results in inhibition were good.","PeriodicalId":8687,"journal":{"name":"Baghdad Science Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135569543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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