Pub Date : 2023-09-07DOI: 10.3329/bjms.v22i4.67114
Muhammad Ilyas, Falak Niaz, Rafaqat Ishaq, Rafiullah, Azra Khanum
Objective: Tuberculosis (TB) is among the widespread and rapidly growing infections in the world. Furthermore, TB is one of the major public health problems in Pakistan as every year 48,000 Pakistani dies due to this infection. Pakistan ranks fifth among high burden countries worldwide. As the TB has become most threatening because of the epidemics of human immune deficiency virus (HIV), Covid-19 and the emergence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb). This study was aimed to understand the genetic mechanism of drug resistance in local TB isolates. Methodology: For the genetic studies of INH resistance, KatG (encoding catalase peroxidase) hotspot region was amplified through PCR followed by RFLP and sequencing. Results: The study of PCR-RFLP showed that forty-five out eighty INH resistant M. tb strains had mutations in KatG (codon 315) which is 56.2% of all cases. Sequencing results revealed that this is substitution mutation; AGC to ACC (Ser315Thr). Conclusion: It may be concluded that majority of INH resistance is due to the mutation in the codon 315 of KatG in local isolates. Furthermore, PCR-RFLP technique could be considered as a reliable method for the early detection of KatG mutations in MDR-TB. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 22 No. 04 October’23 Page : 804-808
{"title":"Detection of KatG Mutation in MDR Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isolates by PCR-RFLP and DNA Sequencing","authors":"Muhammad Ilyas, Falak Niaz, Rafaqat Ishaq, Rafiullah, Azra Khanum","doi":"10.3329/bjms.v22i4.67114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v22i4.67114","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Tuberculosis (TB) is among the widespread and rapidly growing infections in the world. Furthermore, TB is one of the major public health problems in Pakistan as every year 48,000 Pakistani dies due to this infection. Pakistan ranks fifth among high burden countries worldwide. As the TB has become most threatening because of the epidemics of human immune deficiency virus (HIV), Covid-19 and the emergence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb). This study was aimed to understand the genetic mechanism of drug resistance in local TB isolates.\u0000Methodology: For the genetic studies of INH resistance, KatG (encoding catalase peroxidase) hotspot region was amplified through PCR followed by RFLP and sequencing.\u0000Results: The study of PCR-RFLP showed that forty-five out eighty INH resistant M. tb strains had mutations in KatG (codon 315) which is 56.2% of all cases. Sequencing results revealed that this is substitution mutation; AGC to ACC (Ser315Thr).\u0000Conclusion: It may be concluded that majority of INH resistance is due to the mutation in the codon 315 of KatG in local isolates. Furthermore, PCR-RFLP technique could be considered as a reliable method for the early detection of KatG mutations in MDR-TB.\u0000Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 22 No. 04 October’23 Page : 804-808","PeriodicalId":8696,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72857755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Bariatric surgery is the best possible option for reducing weight when lifestyle changes and medication have not brought about lasting success and may reduce morbidity and mortality. Weight loss that may follow bariatric surgery in patients on calory restricted diet would result in reduced inflammation and therefore lowering inflammation-related organ damage, including that of the kidney and liver. The study aimed to observe the consequences of BMI change on Hepatic and Nephrological parameters in patients after One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass surgery. Method: This study was done at a bariatric center with 150 individuals (both male and female) aged 20 to 60 years with obesity grades II and III who were selected randomly. Hepatic and renal function tests were carried out at baseline visit, then 3 months and 6 months following surgically. Result: Bilirubin level significantly increased from baseline to visit 1; Serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) levels significantly decreased at visits 1 and 2. The albumin to Globulin ratio was significantly increased at visit 2 . Blood Urea level and serum creatinine level reduced considerably at visit 1 and decreased more at visit 2 from baseline. Conclusion: Bariatric surgery may be related to improvement in both hepatic and renal function. The improvement may be attributed to reduced inflammatory organ damage related to obesity. More such studies must be performed to highlight the possible health benefits of bariatric surgery for obese patients whose lifestyle modification and medication have not aided in weight loss. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 22 No. 04 October’23 Page : 743-758
{"title":"Diverted Mini Gastric Bypass Surgery in Obese Population: Out-turn Over Hepatic and Nephrological Parameters","authors":"Arya Singh, Rahnuma Ahmad, Susmita Sinha, Md. Ahsanul Haq, M. Narwaria, Mainul Haque, Santosh Kumar, Nandita Sanghani","doi":"10.3329/bjms.v22i4.68669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v22i4.68669","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Bariatric surgery is the best possible option for reducing weight when lifestyle changes and medication have not brought about lasting success and may reduce morbidity and mortality. Weight loss that may follow bariatric surgery in patients on calory restricted diet would result in reduced inflammation and therefore lowering inflammation-related organ damage, including that of the kidney and liver. The study aimed to observe the consequences of BMI change on Hepatic and Nephrological parameters in patients after One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass surgery. Method: This study was done at a bariatric center with 150 individuals (both male and female) aged 20 to 60 years with obesity grades II and III who were selected randomly. Hepatic and renal function tests were carried out at baseline visit, then 3 months and 6 months following surgically. Result: Bilirubin level significantly increased from baseline to visit 1; Serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) levels significantly decreased at visits 1 and 2. The albumin to Globulin ratio was significantly increased at visit 2 . Blood Urea level and serum creatinine level reduced considerably at visit 1 and decreased more at visit 2 from baseline. Conclusion: Bariatric surgery may be related to improvement in both hepatic and renal function. The improvement may be attributed to reduced inflammatory organ damage related to obesity. More such studies must be performed to highlight the possible health benefits of bariatric surgery for obese patients whose lifestyle modification and medication have not aided in weight loss. \u0000Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 22 No. 04 October’23 Page : 743-758","PeriodicalId":8696,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science","volume":"53 54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76466355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-07DOI: 10.3329/bjms.v22i4.68677
M. Değer, Ahmet Özdinç
On February 6, 2023, an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.7 m occurred in Turkey, centered in the Pazarcık district of Kahramanmaraş province, followed nine hours later by another earthquake with a magnitude of 7.6 m, centered in the Elbistan district of Kahramanmaraş province. In the earthquakes, 45,000 people died, and more than 100,000 were injured. During the earthquake search-and-rescue personnel, emergency responders, and volunteers worked in the field. Disasters that suddenly affect large masses of people create many issues related to medical ethics. Likewise, difficulties caused by limited resources lead to issues related to beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy and justice. This is a descriptive research study based on the field observations of researchers who were actually in the disaster area after the earthquakes, as well as an analysis of and observations related to the news, information and reports published. This study draws attention to ensuring the participation of society in the fight against and response to disasters. In addition, ethical guidelines for healthcare providers in disasters should be prepared and integrated into national disaster plans. Turkey’s earthquake experience will provide essential information for decision-makers and practitioners regarding the extent of the area impacted and the scope of the affected population. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 22 No. 04 October’23 Page :815-826
{"title":"Report on the earthquake in Turkey: Field observation on healthcare services and ethical challenges","authors":"M. Değer, Ahmet Özdinç","doi":"10.3329/bjms.v22i4.68677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v22i4.68677","url":null,"abstract":"On February 6, 2023, an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.7 m occurred in Turkey, centered in the Pazarcık district of Kahramanmaraş province, followed nine hours later by another earthquake with a magnitude of 7.6 m, centered in the Elbistan district of Kahramanmaraş province. In the earthquakes, 45,000 people died, and more than 100,000 were injured. During the earthquake search-and-rescue personnel, emergency responders, and volunteers worked in the field. Disasters that suddenly affect large masses of people create many issues related to medical ethics. Likewise, difficulties caused by limited resources lead to issues related to beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy and justice. This is a descriptive research study based on the field observations of researchers who were actually in the disaster area after the earthquakes, as well as an analysis of and observations related to the news, information and reports published. This study draws attention to ensuring the participation of society in the fight against and response to disasters. In addition, ethical guidelines for healthcare providers in disasters should be prepared and integrated into national disaster plans. Turkey’s earthquake experience will provide essential information for decision-makers and practitioners regarding the extent of the area impacted and the scope of the affected population. \u0000Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 22 No. 04 October’23 Page :815-826","PeriodicalId":8696,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83926439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: With an increase in life expectancy all over the globe, morbid obesity and obesity-related diseases negatively impact the overall quality of life (QoL). Aim: The study aimed to assess the QoL post-Diverted Mini Gastric Bypass (dMGB), focusing on weight loss achieved, comorbidity resolution, and change in QoL after the surgery. Setting: Single private institute, India Methods : Data from patients who underwent a laparoscopic primary dMGB from August 2020 to August 2021 by one surgeon were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were followed up at 3,6,9, and 12 months from the surgery date. Data were assessed using the Bariatric Analysis and Reporting Outcome System- II (BAROS- II) form based on three major areas: percentage weight loss, comorbidity resolution, and QoL. The variation in QoL was assessed using the Moorehead Ardelt QoL questionnaire, which addresses self-esteem, physical activity, social gathering, and sexual life. Results: Forty-one patients were included in the final analysis. The average age and pre-operative body mass index (BMI) was 45.5 yrs. and 44.5 kg/m2, respectively. The cohort had 60.9% of males and 39.1% females. The pre-operative average total QoL score was 0.65 ± 0.2. At 12 months, the average BMI and average total QoL were 28.03 kg/m2 and 5.35 ± 0.3, respectively, p<0.001. Conclusion: At one year, the dMGB surgery effectively improves the overall QoL. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 22 No. 04 October’23 Page : 759-767
背景:随着全球预期寿命的增加，病态肥胖和肥胖相关疾病对整体生活质量(QoL)产生了负面影响。目的:本研究旨在评估转移后的迷你胃旁路术(dMGB)后的生活质量，重点关注体重减轻，合并症的解决和术后生活质量的变化。方法:回顾性分析2020年8月至2021年8月由一名外科医生接受腹腔镜原发性dMGB手术的患者的数据。术后随访时间分别为3、6、9、12个月。使用体重分析和报告结果系统- II (BAROS- II)表格对数据进行评估，基于三个主要领域:体重减轻百分比、合并症解决和生活质量。生活质量的变化使用Moorehead Ardelt生活质量问卷进行评估，该问卷涉及自尊，身体活动，社交聚会和性生活。结果:41例患者纳入最终分析。平均年龄和术前体重指数(BMI)为45.5岁。和44.5 kg/m2。该队列中男性占60.9%，女性占39.1%。术前平均总生活质量评分为0.65±0.2。12个月时，平均BMI和平均总生活质量分别为28.03 kg/m2和5.35±0.3,p<0.001。结论:一年时，dMGB手术能有效提高患者的总体生活质量。孟加拉国医学杂志，第22卷第4期，23年10月，第759-767页
{"title":"Quality of life change seen after Diverted Mini Gastric Bypass Surgery in Obese Population: Retrospective research analysis","authors":"Arya Singh, M. Narwaria, Prachi Patel, Susmita Sinha, Rahnuma Ahmad, Mainul Haque, Santosh Kumar, Nandita Sanghani","doi":"10.3329/bjms.v22i4.68665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v22i4.68665","url":null,"abstract":"Background: With an increase in life expectancy all over the globe, morbid obesity and obesity-related diseases negatively impact the overall quality of life (QoL). \u0000Aim: The study aimed to assess the QoL post-Diverted Mini Gastric Bypass (dMGB), focusing on weight loss achieved, comorbidity resolution, and change in QoL after the surgery. Setting: Single private institute, India \u0000Methods : Data from patients who underwent a laparoscopic primary dMGB from August 2020 to August 2021 by one surgeon were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were followed up at 3,6,9, and 12 months from the surgery date. Data were assessed using the Bariatric Analysis and Reporting Outcome System- II (BAROS- II) form based on three major areas: percentage weight loss, comorbidity resolution, and QoL. The variation in QoL was assessed using the Moorehead Ardelt QoL questionnaire, which addresses self-esteem, physical activity, social gathering, and sexual life. \u0000Results: Forty-one patients were included in the final analysis. The average age and pre-operative body mass index (BMI) was 45.5 yrs. and 44.5 kg/m2, respectively. The cohort had 60.9% of males and 39.1% females. The pre-operative average total QoL score was 0.65 ± 0.2. At 12 months, the average BMI and average total QoL were 28.03 kg/m2 and 5.35 ± 0.3, respectively, p<0.001. \u0000Conclusion: At one year, the dMGB surgery effectively improves the overall QoL. \u0000Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 22 No. 04 October’23 Page : 759-767","PeriodicalId":8696,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80855960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-07DOI: 10.3329/bjms.v22i4.68678
Naniek Widyaningrum, Fildza Huwaina Fathnin, Yuyun Darma Ayu N, Bella N Sari
Background: Green tea (Camelia sinensis L.) contains flavonoids consisting of Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) which functions as whitening, anti-acne, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory. Previous studies have shown that EGCG with a concentration of 6% is the optimum concentration in cream formulations (Widyaningrum, 2015b). Phase One Clinical Test was conducted to determine the safety of cream preparations with irritation as a benchmark and continued to test its effectiveness as a whitening cream on 20 respondents aged 17-45 years. Material and Methods: The research method employed was the Open Test. The results of the study for 21 days after applying the EGCG anti-acne cream were assessed using a mexa-meter and self-assessment. Result: The erythema assessment showed that the preparation did not cause irritation in the absence of erythema and for the melanin assessment, the results were not significant with p Value 0.376 (<0,05) with no changes in the melanin index. The results of the irritation test were supported by the findings of self-assessment which revealed that all self-assessment parameters were not significant and there was no irritation (p 0,317). Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, it could be concluded that EGCG whitening cream did not cause irritation for 21 days. The results of the melanin test formula for this whitening cream preparation were able to provide a skin whitening effect. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 22 No. 04 October’23 Page : 902-906
{"title":"Irritation test and melanin whitening cream epigallocatechin gallate green tea leaf with mexameter and self-assessment","authors":"Naniek Widyaningrum, Fildza Huwaina Fathnin, Yuyun Darma Ayu N, Bella N Sari","doi":"10.3329/bjms.v22i4.68678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v22i4.68678","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Green tea (Camelia sinensis L.) contains flavonoids consisting of Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) which functions as whitening, anti-acne, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory. Previous studies have shown that EGCG with a concentration of 6% is the optimum concentration in cream formulations (Widyaningrum, 2015b). Phase One Clinical Test was conducted to determine the safety of cream preparations with irritation as a benchmark and continued to test its effectiveness as a whitening cream on 20 respondents aged 17-45 years. \u0000Material and Methods: The research method employed was the Open Test. The results of the study for 21 days after applying the EGCG anti-acne cream were assessed using a mexa-meter and self-assessment. \u0000Result: The erythema assessment showed that the preparation did not cause irritation in the absence of erythema and for the melanin assessment, the results were not significant with p Value 0.376 (<0,05) with no changes in the melanin index. The results of the irritation test were supported by the findings of self-assessment which revealed that all self-assessment parameters were not significant and there was no irritation (p 0,317). \u0000Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, it could be concluded that EGCG whitening cream did not cause irritation for 21 days. The results of the melanin test formula for this whitening cream preparation were able to provide a skin whitening effect. \u0000Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 22 No. 04 October’23 Page : 902-906","PeriodicalId":8696,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86352340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-16DOI: 10.3329/bjms.v22i3.65318
Fazlı Yanık, Y. Karamustafaoğlu, Y. Yoruk
Cystic Lymphangioma(CL) is rarely detected in adulthood. We presented two cases with neck swelling at an advanced age. Both of cysts were located in the cervico-mediastinally and showed rapid progression. The cysts were excised successfully and there was no recurrence in the follow-up period. Although there are many alternatives in treatment, CL, which is rare in adults, can be treated with surgical excision successfully in appropriate cases to definitively prevent recurrence and complications. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 22 No. 03 July’23 Page : 709-711
{"title":"Cervical Cystic Lymphangioma, Rarely Detected in Adults with Rapid Progression, 2 Case Reports","authors":"Fazlı Yanık, Y. Karamustafaoğlu, Y. Yoruk","doi":"10.3329/bjms.v22i3.65318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v22i3.65318","url":null,"abstract":"Cystic Lymphangioma(CL) is rarely detected in adulthood. We presented two cases with neck swelling at an advanced age. Both of cysts were located in the cervico-mediastinally and showed rapid progression. The cysts were excised successfully and there was no recurrence in the follow-up period. Although there are many alternatives in treatment, CL, which is rare in adults, can be treated with surgical excision successfully in appropriate cases to definitively prevent recurrence and complications.\u0000Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 22 No. 03 July’23 Page : 709-711","PeriodicalId":8696,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72703076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-16DOI: 10.3329/bjms.v22i3.65325
L. Mosalanejad, Erfan Mansouri
Introduction Addiction is a “social disease” which has physical and mental effects. Having adequate knowledge and information about addiction is the best way to prevent it in the community. The current study aims to focus on developing gamification as addiction education and examining its effects on students’ motivation and enjoyment. Methods: This is guise experiment for gamification development and assess educational intervention. Educational and technical standards have been considered for the development of gamification. In technical standards, it is congruent with the app-making technology based on dynamism, mechanisms and dynamic gamification. This game is available on www.addiplay.ir website through Microsoft Aps net core technology. Educational intervention implied on two groups of medical students and Public Health students and learning indicators assessed through intervention. Results; The findings of this study on two groups of students showed that, the game can influence on students’ enjoyment and consent. In addition, the game had a high average in increasing learners’ ability and students satisfaction. One of the limitations of gamification has been its dependence on each learner’s ability. Conclusion: The results showed that new teaching and learning methods such as gamification in addiction lessons in a mixed and complimentary way can fulfill the educational goals instead of written handbooks or traditional classes and makes learning possible in a motivated and entertaining environment. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 22 No. 03 July’23 Page : 564-572
{"title":"Development of gamification as addiction education and examining its effects on students’ motivation and enjoyment","authors":"L. Mosalanejad, Erfan Mansouri","doi":"10.3329/bjms.v22i3.65325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v22i3.65325","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Addiction is a “social disease” which has physical and mental effects. Having adequate knowledge and information about addiction is the best way to prevent it in the community. The current study aims to focus on developing gamification as addiction education and examining its effects on students’ motivation and enjoyment.\u0000Methods: This is guise experiment for gamification development and assess educational intervention. Educational and technical standards have been considered for the development of gamification. In technical standards, it is congruent with the app-making technology based on dynamism, mechanisms and dynamic gamification. This game is available on www.addiplay.ir website through Microsoft Aps net core technology. Educational intervention implied on two groups of medical students and Public Health students and learning indicators assessed through intervention.\u0000Results; The findings of this study on two groups of students showed that, the game can influence on students’ enjoyment and consent. In addition, the game had a high average in increasing learners’ ability and students satisfaction. One of the limitations of gamification has been its dependence on each learner’s ability.\u0000Conclusion: The results showed that new teaching and learning methods such as gamification in addiction lessons in a mixed and complimentary way can fulfill the educational goals instead of written handbooks or traditional classes and makes learning possible in a motivated and entertaining environment.\u0000Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 22 No. 03 July’23 Page : 564-572","PeriodicalId":8696,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81836387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-16DOI: 10.3329/bjms.v22i3.65334
G. Polevoy
Objective: to determine the influence of physical activity in physical education classes on the thinking indicators of schoolchildren. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in a secondary school in Russia, it was attended by ninth graders aged 15-16 years in the number of 141 schoolchildren. The main method of research was the test “Cross out an extra word”, which determines the level of development of students’ thinking. The test was used before and after the physical education lesson 1 time per month for 5 months. Statistical analysis used: The student’s T-criterion was used in the study. Results: children who did not engage in physical education in the classroom were not able to significantly improve their performance in the test, which indicates a possible adaptation to the test after its first performance before the lesson. Children who were engaged in physical exercises were able to significantly increase the test results. Conclusion: the effectiveness of the influence of a physical education lesson at school on thinking indicators. This study will serve as an additional motivation for children to engage in physical culture, since the impact of physical exercises has a positive impact not only on the development of physical qualities, but also on the development of schoolchildren’s thinking. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 22 No. 03 July’23 Page : 612-616
{"title":"The influence of physical activity on the thinking of schoolchildren","authors":"G. Polevoy","doi":"10.3329/bjms.v22i3.65334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v22i3.65334","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: to determine the influence of physical activity in physical education classes on the thinking indicators of schoolchildren.\u0000Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in a secondary school in Russia, it was attended by ninth graders aged 15-16 years in the number of 141 schoolchildren. The main method of research was the test “Cross out an extra word”, which determines the level of development of students’ thinking. The test was used before and after the physical education lesson 1 time per month for 5 months. Statistical analysis used: The student’s T-criterion was used in the study.\u0000Results: children who did not engage in physical education in the classroom were not able to significantly improve their performance in the test, which indicates a possible adaptation to the test after its first performance before the lesson. Children who were engaged in physical exercises were able to significantly increase the test results.\u0000Conclusion: the effectiveness of the influence of a physical education lesson at school on thinking indicators. This study will serve as an additional motivation for children to engage in physical culture, since the impact of physical exercises has a positive impact not only on the development of physical qualities, but also on the development of schoolchildren’s thinking.\u0000Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 22 No. 03 July’23 Page : 612-616","PeriodicalId":8696,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74851348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-16DOI: 10.3329/bjms.v22i3.66960
Hasnain Anjum, Md. Shamsul Arefin, Nusrat Jahan, Mumtarin Jannat Oishee, S. Nahar, Salequl Islam, S. Banerjee, Susmita Sinha, Santosh Kumar, Mainul Haque, M. H. Rahman
Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, P. aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.) pathogen and one of the leading etiologies in multiple nosocomial infections. Treatment of P. aeruginosa is becoming increasingly difficult due to its ever-increasing antibiotic resistance trends. This study investigated clinical multidrug resistance (MDR) P. aeruginosa (MDR-PA), their intrinsic resistance determinants, including the presence of chromosomal AmpC β-lactamase (Ampicillinase), decreased expression of outer membrane porin protein OprD and selected acquired β-lactamase resistance genes. Methods: Out of 238 clinical specimens, including urines from urinary tract-infected patients, wound swabs, burn swabs, and catheter aspirates, were collected from two major hospitals in Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Samples were inoculated with Cetrimide agar to isolate presumptive P. aeruginosa. Bacteria were identified by cultural, biochemical characterization, 16S rDNA sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. Virulence-associated genes of P. aeruginosa, namely, toxA, lasB, and plcH, were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antibiotic susceptibilities of the isolates were investigated against ten antibiotics belonging to seven groups by disc-diffusion method followed by a selected minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. Phenotypic expression of Metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) production was checked by the double disc synergistic test selectively among the imipenem-resistant isolates. Acquisition of β-lactam resistance trait was examined by PCR detection of bla-genes variants. Mutational loss of the OprD was analyzed by PCR to investigate intrinsic resistance determinants. Phenotypic overexpression of chromosomal AmpC was assayed with the identification of the AmpC gene by PCR. The expression level of OprD was assessed by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Results: Fifty-three P. aeruginosa was identified, with an overall isolation of 22.3% (53/238), where urine remains the most prevalent source. Virulence genes toxA, lasB, and plcH were identified in the isolates of 92.4%, 96.2%, and 94.3%. The highest phenotypic antimicrobial resistance was observed against ampicillin and ceftriaxone (100%), followed by cefotaxime (96%), tetracycline (89%), azithromycin (72%), imipenem (31%), ciprofloxacin (29%), levofloxacin (29%), gentamycin (27%) and ceftazidime (14%). The antibiogram pattern revealed 85% of isolates as multidrug-resistant, while 12% were considered extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-P. aeruginosa. The carriage of β-lactamase genes blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaOXA was detected in 4%, 2%, and 2% cephalosporin-resistant isolates, respectively. Double disc synergistic test revealed 87% of imipenem-resistant isolates expressing MBL-mediated resistance phenomenon. All seven ceftazidime-resistant isolates showed the presence of the AmpC gene with phenotypic overproduct
{"title":"Roles of intrinsic and acquired resistance determinants in multidrug-resistant clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Bangladesh","authors":"Hasnain Anjum, Md. Shamsul Arefin, Nusrat Jahan, Mumtarin Jannat Oishee, S. Nahar, Salequl Islam, S. Banerjee, Susmita Sinha, Santosh Kumar, Mainul Haque, M. H. Rahman","doi":"10.3329/bjms.v22i3.66960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v22i3.66960","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, P. aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.) pathogen and one of the leading etiologies in multiple nosocomial infections. Treatment of P. aeruginosa is becoming increasingly difficult due to its ever-increasing antibiotic resistance trends. This study investigated clinical multidrug resistance (MDR) P. aeruginosa (MDR-PA), their intrinsic resistance determinants, including the presence of chromosomal AmpC β-lactamase (Ampicillinase), decreased expression of outer membrane porin protein OprD and selected acquired β-lactamase resistance genes. \u0000Methods: Out of 238 clinical specimens, including urines from urinary tract-infected patients, wound swabs, burn swabs, and catheter aspirates, were collected from two major hospitals in Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Samples were inoculated with Cetrimide agar to isolate presumptive P. aeruginosa. Bacteria were identified by cultural, biochemical characterization, 16S rDNA sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. Virulence-associated genes of P. aeruginosa, namely, toxA, lasB, and plcH, were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antibiotic susceptibilities of the isolates were investigated against ten antibiotics belonging to seven groups by disc-diffusion method followed by a selected minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. Phenotypic expression of Metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) production was checked by the double disc synergistic test selectively among the imipenem-resistant isolates. Acquisition of β-lactam resistance trait was examined by PCR detection of bla-genes variants. Mutational loss of the OprD was analyzed by PCR to investigate intrinsic resistance determinants. Phenotypic overexpression of chromosomal AmpC was assayed with the identification of the AmpC gene by PCR. The expression level of OprD was assessed by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). \u0000Results: Fifty-three P. aeruginosa was identified, with an overall isolation of 22.3% (53/238), where urine remains the most prevalent source. Virulence genes toxA, lasB, and plcH were identified in the isolates of 92.4%, 96.2%, and 94.3%. The highest phenotypic antimicrobial resistance was observed against ampicillin and ceftriaxone (100%), followed by cefotaxime (96%), tetracycline (89%), azithromycin (72%), imipenem (31%), ciprofloxacin (29%), levofloxacin (29%), gentamycin (27%) and ceftazidime (14%). The antibiogram pattern revealed 85% of isolates as multidrug-resistant, while 12% were considered extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-P. aeruginosa. The carriage of β-lactamase genes blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaOXA was detected in 4%, 2%, and 2% cephalosporin-resistant isolates, respectively. Double disc synergistic test revealed 87% of imipenem-resistant isolates expressing MBL-mediated resistance phenomenon. All seven ceftazidime-resistant isolates showed the presence of the AmpC gene with phenotypic overproduct","PeriodicalId":8696,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75509670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-16DOI: 10.3329/bjms.v22i3.65319
Femmy Nurul Akbar, - Risahmawati, Nurin Nadzifatil Fitriyah, Hari Hendarto
Objective: Clinical clerkship students, as adolescent health workers, have been first recipients of the COVID-19 vaccination programme. The success rate and trust of recipients in the program have been impacted by adverse events following immunization (AEFI). This study aims to determine the AEFI of the CoronaVac vaccine among clinical clerkship students at the Faculty of Medicine, State Islamic University, Jakarta. Material and Methods: This study used cross sectional methods with a total of 225 subjects completing a questionnaire. The CoronaVac vaccine was administered twice with 2 week interval. AEFI was evaluated after 30 minutes, 24 hours, and on the third day. Results and discussion: 73.3% of the participants were female, 20-25 years old. AEFIs were found in 57.8 % of all participants in the first and second doses vaccination. The most common local AEFI was pain at the site injection, accounting 27.1 % which occurred 30 minutes after second dose vaccination. The most common systemic AEFI was drowsiness, accounting for 18 % which occurred 24 hours after first dose vaccination. Other systemic AEFIs were headache, fatigue, and chills. There was significant association between AEFIs and females but no significant association with history of allergy, comorbidities, and history of previous COVID-19 . AEFIs were mild, no special treatment or hospitalization were required. Conclusion: The AEFIs of the CoronaVac vaccine among students were mild and had significant association with females. The study is expected to increase the public’s confidence in the COVID-19 vaccination program and to create awareness of its safety. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 22 No. 03 July’23 Page :545-552
{"title":"Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) with CoronaVac COVID-19 Vaccine among Clinical Clerkship Students at the Faculty of Medicine, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University, Jakarta, Indonesia","authors":"Femmy Nurul Akbar, - Risahmawati, Nurin Nadzifatil Fitriyah, Hari Hendarto","doi":"10.3329/bjms.v22i3.65319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v22i3.65319","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Clinical clerkship students, as adolescent health workers, have been first recipients of the COVID-19 vaccination programme. The success rate and trust of recipients in the program have been impacted by adverse events following immunization (AEFI). This study aims to determine the AEFI of the CoronaVac vaccine among clinical clerkship students at the Faculty of Medicine, State Islamic University, Jakarta. Material and Methods: This study used cross sectional methods with a total of 225 subjects completing a questionnaire. The CoronaVac vaccine was administered twice with 2 week interval. AEFI was evaluated after 30 minutes, 24 hours, and on the third day. Results and discussion: 73.3% of the participants were female, 20-25 years old. AEFIs were found in 57.8 % of all participants in the first and second doses vaccination. The most common local AEFI was pain at the site injection, accounting 27.1 % which occurred 30 minutes after second dose vaccination. The most common systemic AEFI was drowsiness, accounting for 18 % which occurred 24 hours after first dose vaccination. Other systemic AEFIs were headache, fatigue, and chills. There was significant association between AEFIs and females but no significant association with history of allergy, comorbidities, and history of previous COVID-19 . AEFIs were mild, no special treatment or hospitalization were required. Conclusion: The AEFIs of the CoronaVac vaccine among students were mild and had significant association with females. The study is expected to increase the public’s confidence in the COVID-19 vaccination program and to create awareness of its safety. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 22 No. 03 July’23 Page :545-552","PeriodicalId":8696,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135572066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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