Pub Date : 2016-02-17DOI: 10.1024/0040-5930/a000752
Rebekka L. Kleiner, M. Brutsche
Sarcoidosis is a pneumotropic granulomatous inflammatory multisystem disorder of unknown origin and heterogeneous outcome. In most cases the disease is self-limited, others progress or die from organ involvement, which is often associated with extensive pulmonary scarring or relevant extrapulmonary organ involvement. Therefore, patients with sarcoidosis must be staged for multiorgan involvement. Modern treatment strategies appraise a critical awareness for the effect to side-effect-ratio of long-term immunosuppressive medication.
{"title":"[Sarcoidosis--a multisystem disorder with variable prognosis].","authors":"Rebekka L. Kleiner, M. Brutsche","doi":"10.1024/0040-5930/a000752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/0040-5930/a000752","url":null,"abstract":"Sarcoidosis is a pneumotropic granulomatous inflammatory multisystem disorder of unknown origin and heterogeneous outcome. In most cases the disease is self-limited, others progress or die from organ involvement, which is often associated with extensive pulmonary scarring or relevant extrapulmonary organ involvement. Therefore, patients with sarcoidosis must be staged for multiorgan involvement. Modern treatment strategies appraise a critical awareness for the effect to side-effect-ratio of long-term immunosuppressive medication.","PeriodicalId":87030,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutische Umschau und medizinische Bibliographie. Revue therapeutique et bibliographie medicale","volume":"17 1","pages":"31-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90056333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-17DOI: 10.1024/0040-5930/a000753
S. Guler, T. Geiser
Lung involvement in rheumatologic diseases has a broad spectrum of clinical and radiological presentations, from acute inflammatory to chronic, fibrosing predominance. For prognostic and therapeutic considerations a detailled work-up 'and optimally multidisciplinary evalution is needed, also to rule out other reasons for pulmonary deterioration such as infection (under immunosuppressive treatment) or pulmonary hypertension. For treatment guidance, several aspects need to be taken into consideration, such as disease severity, disease activity, clinical and radiological presentation, prognostic markers and comorbidities. Immunosuppressive treatment differs based on the type of rheumatologic diagnosis, although evidence for optimal therapy is rare in ILD associated with rheumatologic diseases.
{"title":"[Interstitial lung disease and connective tissue diseases].","authors":"S. Guler, T. Geiser","doi":"10.1024/0040-5930/a000753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/0040-5930/a000753","url":null,"abstract":"Lung involvement in rheumatologic diseases has a broad spectrum of clinical and radiological presentations, from acute inflammatory to chronic, fibrosing predominance. For prognostic and therapeutic considerations a detailled work-up 'and optimally multidisciplinary evalution is needed, also to rule out other reasons for pulmonary deterioration such as infection (under immunosuppressive treatment) or pulmonary hypertension. For treatment guidance, several aspects need to be taken into consideration, such as disease severity, disease activity, clinical and radiological presentation, prognostic markers and comorbidities. Immunosuppressive treatment differs based on the type of rheumatologic diagnosis, although evidence for optimal therapy is rare in ILD associated with rheumatologic diseases.","PeriodicalId":87030,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutische Umschau und medizinische Bibliographie. Revue therapeutique et bibliographie medicale","volume":"59 1","pages":"37-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90793700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-17DOI: 10.1024/0040-5930/a000749
S. Berezowska, A. Pöllinger
Interstitial pneumonias comprise a group of lung diseases with overlapping clinical, radiological and pathological presentations. Because of the frequently non-discriminating clinical manifestation, correlation between radiology and pathology plays an important role. Multidisciplinary discussion is of utmost importance for establishing a valid diagnosis, and is considered a gold standard in the current 2002/2013 classification of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. In the present work, we concisely review and illustrate the typical radiological and pathological pictures diagnostic for the most common (idiopathic) interstitial pneumonias.
{"title":"[Interstitial pneumonias--Histopathological and radiological correlation].","authors":"S. Berezowska, A. Pöllinger","doi":"10.1024/0040-5930/a000749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/0040-5930/a000749","url":null,"abstract":"Interstitial pneumonias comprise a group of lung diseases with overlapping clinical, radiological and pathological presentations. Because of the frequently non-discriminating clinical manifestation, correlation between radiology and pathology plays an important role. Multidisciplinary discussion is of utmost importance for establishing a valid diagnosis, and is considered a gold standard in the current 2002/2013 classification of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. In the present work, we concisely review and illustrate the typical radiological and pathological pictures diagnostic for the most common (idiopathic) interstitial pneumonias.","PeriodicalId":87030,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutische Umschau und medizinische Bibliographie. Revue therapeutique et bibliographie medicale","volume":"23 1","pages":"11-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73158201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1024/0040-5930/a000833
H. Robert-Ebadi, M. Righini
Abstract. Anti-vitamin K (AVK) were the only oral anticoagulants available for the treatment of venous thromboembolism for about half a century until the recent approval of novel oral agents dabigatran, rivoraxaban, apixaban and edoxaban. Randomized phase 3 trials have demonstrated that patients receive similarly effective anticoagulation with the DOACs when compared with warfarin, with similar or reduced risk of bleeding. Extended therapy trials have consistently demonstrated superior effectiveness for DOACs treatment when compared with placebo in preventing VTE recurrence. These new classes of medications are less cumbersome to use and they do not require frequent laboratory monitoring or have numerous drug interactions. Although DOACs allow for simplification of treatment in the majority of patients with acute VTE, they have not been tested in all subgroups of patients. This review summarizes the major trials that led to the approval of these agents, clinical settings or subgroups of patients in whom s...
{"title":"Modern Treatment Modalities and Duration of Treatment for Venous Thromboembolism.","authors":"H. Robert-Ebadi, M. Righini","doi":"10.1024/0040-5930/a000833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/0040-5930/a000833","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Anti-vitamin K (AVK) were the only oral anticoagulants available for the treatment of venous thromboembolism for about half a century until the recent approval of novel oral agents dabigatran, rivoraxaban, apixaban and edoxaban. Randomized phase 3 trials have demonstrated that patients receive similarly effective anticoagulation with the DOACs when compared with warfarin, with similar or reduced risk of bleeding. Extended therapy trials have consistently demonstrated superior effectiveness for DOACs treatment when compared with placebo in preventing VTE recurrence. These new classes of medications are less cumbersome to use and they do not require frequent laboratory monitoring or have numerous drug interactions. Although DOACs allow for simplification of treatment in the majority of patients with acute VTE, they have not been tested in all subgroups of patients. This review summarizes the major trials that led to the approval of these agents, clinical settings or subgroups of patients in whom s...","PeriodicalId":87030,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutische Umschau und medizinische Bibliographie. Revue therapeutique et bibliographie medicale","volume":"25 34","pages":"618-625"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72396361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1024/0040-5930/a000838
B. Brand, Christoph Aegerter
Zusammenfassung. Die Schwangerschaft ist ein hyperkoagulabler Zustand, der durch zusatzliche Faktoren wie Alter, Art der Geburt, Co-Morbiditaten und Thrombophilie noch verstarkt werden kann. Die Inzidenz von venosen Thromboembolien (VTE) ist in der Schwangerschaft funf-fach, im Wochenbett bis 60-fach erhoht [1 – 3]. Lungenembolien sind die haufigste direkte Todesursache [4] von Schwangeren in der westlichen Welt, in England wird eine Rate von 1.08/100’000 (95 % CI 0.71 – 1.59) Geburten und in den USA 11 % aller mutterliche Todesfalle angegeben [5, 6]. Eine korrekte Risikoeinschatzung und Wahl einer Prophylaxe sowie das Management bei VTE verdachtigen Symptomen sind deshalb sehr wichtig. Allerdings sind Schwangere typischerweise von den meisten randomisierten, kontrollierten Studien ausgeschlossen und die Empfehlungen leiten sich von Studien von Nicht-Schwangeren oder Beobachtungsstudien mit entsprechend niedriger Evidenz ab. Insbesondere Empfehlungen fur das diagnostische Vorgehen bei Lungenembolie, optim...
{"title":"Thrombose in der Schwangerschaft.","authors":"B. Brand, Christoph Aegerter","doi":"10.1024/0040-5930/a000838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/0040-5930/a000838","url":null,"abstract":"Zusammenfassung. Die Schwangerschaft ist ein hyperkoagulabler Zustand, der durch zusatzliche Faktoren wie Alter, Art der Geburt, Co-Morbiditaten und Thrombophilie noch verstarkt werden kann. Die Inzidenz von venosen Thromboembolien (VTE) ist in der Schwangerschaft funf-fach, im Wochenbett bis 60-fach erhoht [1 – 3]. Lungenembolien sind die haufigste direkte Todesursache [4] von Schwangeren in der westlichen Welt, in England wird eine Rate von 1.08/100’000 (95 % CI 0.71 – 1.59) Geburten und in den USA 11 % aller mutterliche Todesfalle angegeben [5, 6]. Eine korrekte Risikoeinschatzung und Wahl einer Prophylaxe sowie das Management bei VTE verdachtigen Symptomen sind deshalb sehr wichtig. Allerdings sind Schwangere typischerweise von den meisten randomisierten, kontrollierten Studien ausgeschlossen und die Empfehlungen leiten sich von Studien von Nicht-Schwangeren oder Beobachtungsstudien mit entsprechend niedriger Evidenz ab. Insbesondere Empfehlungen fur das diagnostische Vorgehen bei Lungenembolie, optim...","PeriodicalId":87030,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutische Umschau und medizinische Bibliographie. Revue therapeutique et bibliographie medicale","volume":"1 1","pages":"605-612"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79794456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1024/0040-5930/a000836
Angeliki Koulouri, L. Calanca, L. Mazzolai
Abstract. In patients with chronic renal disease vitamin K antagonists are a valid anticoagulant treatment with vigilant monitoring of international normalized ratio and bleeding risk assessment. Direct oral anticoagulants are contraindicated in stage 5 chronic kidney disease. Some studies have proposed empirical dose adjustments according to level of renal impairment. In stage 4 chronic kidney disease (CrCl 15 – 30 ml/min) a lower dose of rivaroxaban (15 mg) and edoxaban (30 mg) is proposed, but data are limited. In patients with worsening renal function and treated with rivaroxaban studies have shown lower rates of stroke and systemic embolism, without significant difference in major or non-major clinically relevant bleeding events, compared to patients treated with warfarin. Concerning injectable agents, unfractionated heparin is the anticoagulant of choice in patients with severe renal impairment, but some low-molecular-weight heparins can also be used with appropriate monitoring and subsequent dose a...
{"title":"Anticoagulation and Renal Insufficiency.","authors":"Angeliki Koulouri, L. Calanca, L. Mazzolai","doi":"10.1024/0040-5930/a000836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/0040-5930/a000836","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. In patients with chronic renal disease vitamin K antagonists are a valid anticoagulant treatment with vigilant monitoring of international normalized ratio and bleeding risk assessment. Direct oral anticoagulants are contraindicated in stage 5 chronic kidney disease. Some studies have proposed empirical dose adjustments according to level of renal impairment. In stage 4 chronic kidney disease (CrCl 15 – 30 ml/min) a lower dose of rivaroxaban (15 mg) and edoxaban (30 mg) is proposed, but data are limited. In patients with worsening renal function and treated with rivaroxaban studies have shown lower rates of stroke and systemic embolism, without significant difference in major or non-major clinically relevant bleeding events, compared to patients treated with warfarin. Concerning injectable agents, unfractionated heparin is the anticoagulant of choice in patients with severe renal impairment, but some low-molecular-weight heparins can also be used with appropriate monitoring and subsequent dose a...","PeriodicalId":87030,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutische Umschau und medizinische Bibliographie. Revue therapeutique et bibliographie medicale","volume":"3 1","pages":"567-572"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88634180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-10DOI: 10.1024/0040-5930/a000738
Isabelle Arnet, H. Seidling, Kurt E. Hersberger
Community pharmacists represent an important pillar for the identification and the reporting of adverse drug effects (ADE}. Thanks to their broad view on the pharmacotherapy, over-the-counter medication included, they contribute greatly to the improvement of drug safety. In principle, the community pharmacy will face three groups of ADE which require specific attention. This article deals with these specific ADE groups and presents some illustrative examples from daily practice. Furthermore, we suggest some solutions to identify potential relevant interactions - including herbal-drug interactions - and give tips for daily practice, along with some often overseen cutaneous ADE.
{"title":"[Adverse drug effects in the community pharmacy].","authors":"Isabelle Arnet, H. Seidling, Kurt E. Hersberger","doi":"10.1024/0040-5930/a000738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/0040-5930/a000738","url":null,"abstract":"Community pharmacists represent an important pillar for the identification and the reporting of adverse drug effects (ADE}. Thanks to their broad view on the pharmacotherapy, over-the-counter medication included, they contribute greatly to the improvement of drug safety. In principle, the community pharmacy will face three groups of ADE which require specific attention. This article deals with these specific ADE groups and presents some illustrative examples from daily practice. Furthermore, we suggest some solutions to identify potential relevant interactions - including herbal-drug interactions - and give tips for daily practice, along with some often overseen cutaneous ADE.","PeriodicalId":87030,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutische Umschau und medizinische Bibliographie. Revue therapeutique et bibliographie medicale","volume":"31 1","pages":"687-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73805576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-10DOI: 10.1024/0040-5930/a000741
A. Taegtmeyer, S. Krähenbühl
Drugs can affect sexual function through their effects on the central nervous system, the peripheral (autonomic) nervous system or through hormonal effects. As most patients do not spontaneously talk about their sex life, it is important to assess patients with critical medication for possible sexual dysfunction. Critical medication in relation to sexual function include sedative drugs, drugs that affect the central serotonin, dopamine and/ or prolactin signaling pathways as well as certain antihypertensives. It is important to note, however, that the indications for these therapies, such as schizophrenia, depression and the metabolic syndrome are themselves associated with sexual dysfunction. if a disturbing sexual dysfunction arises, treatment with the suspected drug should be discontinued and possibly changed to one with fewer adverse effects. The use of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, which are largely efficacious and safe for both patients with psychiatric conditions and patients with hypertension, can be considered
{"title":"[Drug-induced sexual dysfunction].","authors":"A. Taegtmeyer, S. Krähenbühl","doi":"10.1024/0040-5930/a000741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/0040-5930/a000741","url":null,"abstract":"Drugs can affect sexual function through their effects on the central nervous system, the peripheral (autonomic) nervous system or through hormonal effects. As most patients do not spontaneously talk about their sex life, it is important to assess patients with critical medication for possible sexual dysfunction. Critical medication in relation to sexual function include sedative drugs, drugs that affect the central serotonin, dopamine and/ or prolactin signaling pathways as well as certain antihypertensives. It is important to note, however, that the indications for these therapies, such as schizophrenia, depression and the metabolic syndrome are themselves associated with sexual dysfunction. if a disturbing sexual dysfunction arises, treatment with the suspected drug should be discontinued and possibly changed to one with fewer adverse effects. The use of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, which are largely efficacious and safe for both patients with psychiatric conditions and patients with hypertension, can be considered","PeriodicalId":87030,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutische Umschau und medizinische Bibliographie. Revue therapeutique et bibliographie medicale","volume":"5 1","pages":"711-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78858915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-10DOI: 10.1024/0040-5930/a000742
A. Derungs
Due to their physiological function, the kidneys are exposed to high concentrations of numerous drugs and their metabolites, making them vulnerable to drug-related injuries. This article provides an overview of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in nephrotoxicity, the most common nephrotoxic drugs, and the risk factors for the occurrence of drug-induced acute kidney injuries. NSAIDs, diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs} are the most frequent prerenal causes of an acute elevation in creatinine levels. Primary vascular damage arises from thrombotic microangiopathy (e. g. due to cic/osporin, tacrolimus, muromonab-CD3, mitomycin C, quinine, ticlopidine, clopidogrel}. Anticoagulants and thrombolytic medications lead to secondary blood vessel damage by cholesterol emboli, embolism of thrombus material into the periphery or bleeding. Tubulopathies can be observed on treatment with ifosfamide and cisplatin (rarely with cyclophosphamide or carboplatin), aminoglycosides, vancomycin, and radiocontrast agents. Immunological mechanisms underlie interstitial nephritides, which are induced by drugs in about 85% of cases. In drug-induced glomerulopathies;- renal biopsy allows closer identification of the triggering medication. Drug-induced systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE} represents a special form of immune complex glomerulonephritis and can be triggered by procainamide, hydralazine, isoniazid, methyldopa, quinidine, chlorpromazine, and propylthiouracil. Crystal-induced kidney injury is caused by precipitation of drugs (e. g. aciclovir, sulfonamide antibiotics, methotrexate, indinavir) in the renal tubules and the urine-conducting organs with consecutive obstruction thereof.
{"title":"[Drug-induced acute kidney injury].","authors":"A. Derungs","doi":"10.1024/0040-5930/a000742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/0040-5930/a000742","url":null,"abstract":"Due to their physiological function, the kidneys are exposed to high concentrations of numerous drugs and their metabolites, making them vulnerable to drug-related injuries. This article provides an overview of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in nephrotoxicity, the most common nephrotoxic drugs, and the risk factors for the occurrence of drug-induced acute kidney injuries. NSAIDs, diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs} are the most frequent prerenal causes of an acute elevation in creatinine levels. Primary vascular damage arises from thrombotic microangiopathy (e. g. due to cic/osporin, tacrolimus, muromonab-CD3, mitomycin C, quinine, ticlopidine, clopidogrel}. Anticoagulants and thrombolytic medications lead to secondary blood vessel damage by cholesterol emboli, embolism of thrombus material into the periphery or bleeding. Tubulopathies can be observed on treatment with ifosfamide and cisplatin (rarely with cyclophosphamide or carboplatin), aminoglycosides, vancomycin, and radiocontrast agents. Immunological mechanisms underlie interstitial nephritides, which are induced by drugs in about 85% of cases. In drug-induced glomerulopathies;- renal biopsy allows closer identification of the triggering medication. Drug-induced systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE} represents a special form of immune complex glomerulonephritis and can be triggered by procainamide, hydralazine, isoniazid, methyldopa, quinidine, chlorpromazine, and propylthiouracil. Crystal-induced kidney injury is caused by precipitation of drugs (e. g. aciclovir, sulfonamide antibiotics, methotrexate, indinavir) in the renal tubules and the urine-conducting organs with consecutive obstruction thereof.","PeriodicalId":87030,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutische Umschau und medizinische Bibliographie. Revue therapeutique et bibliographie medicale","volume":"37 1","pages":"717-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81017664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：