Pub Date : 2022-05-17DOI: 10.3329/bmrcb.v47i1.55797
F. Johora, SM Shahriar Rizvi, I. Rahman, N. Jahan, S. Khatun, R. Miah
Background: Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen which produces numerous numbers of toxins including enterotoxins those cause many diseases in both human and animal. It is very important to know the extent of distribution of these toxins, as they are concern of public health problems including food poisoning and toxic shock syndrome. Objective: This study was conducted to estimate the distribution of enterotoxin genes among the clinical isolates of the Staphylococcus aureus by multiplex PCR. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology& Immunology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka during the period from March 2014 to February 2015. A total 125 isolates of S. aureus from different clinical specimens were identified by standard microbiological methods. Multiplex PCR assay was performed by using standard protocol with specific primers to detect genes for staphylococcal enterotoxins A to E (sea, seb, sec, sed and see) from identified S. aureus isolates. Results: Out of 125 S. aureus isolates, 63 (50.4%) were enterotoxin genes positive in which the predominant gene was sec, which was present in 36% of tested S. aureus isolates followed by sea (17.6%) and see (13.6%). Multiple enterotoxin genes combination was common in S. aureus isolates and the predominant combination was sea+sec genes. Out of 76 Staphylococcus aureus isolated from indoor patients, 45 (59.2%) were positive for enterotoxin genes which were higher than outdoor patients 18 (36.7%). Conclusion: The enterotoxin genes are frequently present in S. aureus isolates. The most frequent gene is sec followed by sea and see. Moreover, multiple genes are more commonly present in S. aureus strains which support the strong virulent potential of these strains. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(1): 90-97
{"title":"Distribution of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Genes among Clinical Isolates","authors":"F. Johora, SM Shahriar Rizvi, I. Rahman, N. Jahan, S. Khatun, R. Miah","doi":"10.3329/bmrcb.v47i1.55797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v47i1.55797","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen which produces numerous numbers of toxins including enterotoxins those cause many diseases in both human and animal. It is very important to know the extent of distribution of these toxins, as they are concern of public health problems including food poisoning and toxic shock syndrome.\u0000Objective: This study was conducted to estimate the distribution of enterotoxin genes among the clinical isolates of the Staphylococcus aureus by multiplex PCR.\u0000Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology& Immunology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka during the period from March 2014 to February 2015. A total 125 isolates of S. aureus from different clinical specimens were identified by standard microbiological methods. Multiplex PCR assay was performed by using standard protocol with specific primers to detect genes for staphylococcal enterotoxins A to E (sea, seb, sec, sed and see) from identified S. aureus isolates.\u0000Results: Out of 125 S. aureus isolates, 63 (50.4%) were enterotoxin genes positive in which the predominant gene was sec, which was present in 36% of tested S. aureus isolates followed by sea (17.6%) and see (13.6%). Multiple enterotoxin genes combination was common in S. aureus isolates and the predominant combination was sea+sec genes. Out of 76 Staphylococcus aureus isolated from indoor patients, 45 (59.2%) were positive for enterotoxin genes which were higher than outdoor patients 18 (36.7%).\u0000Conclusion: The enterotoxin genes are frequently present in S. aureus isolates. The most frequent gene is sec followed by sea and see. Moreover, multiple genes are more commonly present in S. aureus strains which support the strong virulent potential of these strains.\u0000Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(1): 90-97","PeriodicalId":8704,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47833839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-17DOI: 10.3329/bmrcb.v47i2.57769
Ferdous Hakim, Rijwan Bhuiyan, Mst. Khaleda Akter, Md. Abdul Mohit, M. Alam, Md Rizwanul Karim, M. Zaman
Background: Weighting of national survey data enables the sample to be more representative of the target population. Weighting procedure is a thorough exercise and yields several types of weights. However, considerable variation exists among authors on which weight to use leaving the researchers baffled. As a result, survey data are often used by researchers without the weights leading to erroneous conclusions. In addition, despite availability of powerful yet costly statistical software•• researchers from developing countries are mostly unable to use those due to high cost. In this article, we share our experience on weighting for recent national surveys in Bangladesh using Microsoft Excel. Objectives: Overall objective was to perform sample weighting of a national survey of Bangladesh using Excel. As specific objective, the study was aimed at creating different weighting variables, describe their features and identify the appropriate weight to be used for analysis. Methods: We generated four types of weights: the base weight calculated from probabilities of selection, and non-response adjusted, population calibration adjusted, and trimmed weights. We compared the distribution of the population by sex and age by unweighted and four types of weighted numbers. Finally, we calculated weighted means, medians, ranges, standard errors, confidence intervals, variances, multiplicative effects and design effects with these four weights. In addition, we compared the weighted prevalence of a key variable of the survey using these four weights. Results: We compared unweighted distribution with weighted ones and identified that weighting makes the sample distribution to conform to the target population. Among the four calculated weights, the trimmed weight had narrow standard error and variance, and smallest design and multiplicative effects. It yielded an acceptable prevalence and distribution of prevalence of mental disorder. Conclusion: Among the four weights, we show that the trimmed weight met all parameters of good quality and precision. We performed this complex exercise using Microsoft Excel which is largely available to researchers in Bangladesh. Therefore, we recommend using the trimmed weight for national level surveys in Bangladesh in a similar context. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(2): 118-126
{"title":"Weighting National Survey Data in Bangladesh: Why, How and Which weight?","authors":"Ferdous Hakim, Rijwan Bhuiyan, Mst. Khaleda Akter, Md. Abdul Mohit, M. Alam, Md Rizwanul Karim, M. Zaman","doi":"10.3329/bmrcb.v47i2.57769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v47i2.57769","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Weighting of national survey data enables the sample to be more representative of the target population. Weighting procedure is a thorough exercise and yields several types of weights. However, considerable variation exists among authors on which weight to use leaving the researchers baffled. As a result, survey data are often used by researchers without the weights leading to erroneous conclusions. In addition, despite availability of powerful yet costly statistical software•• researchers from developing countries are mostly unable to use those due to high cost. In this article, we share our experience on weighting for recent national surveys in Bangladesh using Microsoft Excel.\u0000Objectives: Overall objective was to perform sample weighting of a national survey of Bangladesh using Excel. As specific objective, the study was aimed at creating different weighting variables, describe their features and identify the appropriate weight to be used for analysis.\u0000Methods: We generated four types of weights: the base weight calculated from probabilities of selection, and non-response adjusted, population calibration adjusted, and trimmed weights. We compared the distribution of the population by sex and age by unweighted and four types of weighted numbers. Finally, we calculated weighted means, medians, ranges, standard errors, confidence intervals, variances, multiplicative effects and design effects with these four weights. In addition, we compared the weighted prevalence of a key variable of the survey using these four weights.\u0000Results: We compared unweighted distribution with weighted ones and identified that weighting makes the sample distribution to conform to the target population. Among the four calculated weights, the trimmed weight had narrow standard error and variance, and smallest design and multiplicative effects. It yielded an acceptable prevalence and distribution of prevalence of mental disorder.\u0000Conclusion: Among the four weights, we show that the trimmed weight met all parameters of good quality and precision. We performed this complex exercise using Microsoft Excel which is largely available to researchers in Bangladesh. Therefore, we recommend using the trimmed weight for national level surveys in Bangladesh in a similar context.\u0000Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(2): 118-126","PeriodicalId":8704,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47896025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-17DOI: 10.3329/bmrcb.v47i1.55802
S. Towhid, Mahbubul Alam, M. Asaduzzaman, Md Shahjalal Sagor, Mohammad Asheak Mahmud, M. A. Samad
Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a leading cause of infections in Community- Associated (CA) as well as Hospital-Associated (HA) settings. Identification of new antibacterial agents from natural sources takes the forefront in research. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to identify the resistance pattern of S. aureus in the clinical samples causing disease in Dhaka city, molecular typing of the methicillin non-susceptible S. aureus isolates and identifying new herbal components with anti-microbial effect against S. aureus. Methods: We screened total of 78 clinical specimen of various nature (pus, urine, tracheal aspirate, conjunctiva and wound swab) with confirm S. aureus infection between March 2018 to October 2018. The specimen were cultured on mannitol salt agar to isolate S. aurues, which were later tested for antibiotic resistance according to disc diffusion method. The MRSA isolates were confirmed with PCR and typed for SCCmec element to know the distribution of hospital-associated and community-associated strains. Finally, the MRSA isolates were cultured in the presence of leaf extract and fruit extract of Syzygium cumini for observing the antibacterial potential. Result: A total of 12 isolates of S. aureus were found to be non-susceptible to methicillin, 34%, 25%, 17% out of these were from pus, blood and urine respectively and 8% isolates were from wound swab, conjunctiva and tracheal aspirates each. Out of methicillin non-susceptible isolates, 25% and 16% were HA-MRSA and CAMRSA respectively, as seen from PCR analysis of the SCCmec gene cassette of the S. aureus genome. The rest of the 59% of the isolates were untypable. Overall, higher concentration of leaf and fruit extract reduced the optical density of MRSA culture and reduced bacterial growth in drop plate significantly. Conclusion: Dhaka population has S. aureus with varying sensitivity against methicillin, which needs further characterization by molecular epidemiology methods. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(1): 82-89
{"title":"Antimicrobial Effect of Syzygium cumini Extract Against Methicillin Non-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus","authors":"S. Towhid, Mahbubul Alam, M. Asaduzzaman, Md Shahjalal Sagor, Mohammad Asheak Mahmud, M. A. Samad","doi":"10.3329/bmrcb.v47i1.55802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v47i1.55802","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a leading cause of infections in Community- Associated (CA) as well as Hospital-Associated (HA) settings. Identification of new antibacterial agents from natural sources takes the forefront in research.\u0000Objectives: The aim of the present study was to identify the resistance pattern of S. aureus in the clinical samples causing disease in Dhaka city, molecular typing of the methicillin non-susceptible S. aureus isolates and identifying new herbal components with anti-microbial effect against S. aureus.\u0000Methods: We screened total of 78 clinical specimen of various nature (pus, urine, tracheal aspirate, conjunctiva and wound swab) with confirm S. aureus infection between March 2018 to October 2018. The specimen were cultured on mannitol salt agar to isolate S. aurues, which were later tested for antibiotic resistance according to disc diffusion method. The MRSA isolates were confirmed with PCR and typed for SCCmec element to know the distribution of hospital-associated and community-associated strains. Finally, the MRSA isolates were cultured in the presence of leaf extract and fruit extract of Syzygium cumini for observing the antibacterial potential.\u0000Result: A total of 12 isolates of S. aureus were found to be non-susceptible to methicillin, 34%, 25%, 17% out of these were from pus, blood and urine respectively and 8% isolates were from wound swab, conjunctiva and tracheal aspirates each. Out of methicillin non-susceptible isolates, 25% and 16% were HA-MRSA and CAMRSA respectively, as seen from PCR analysis of the SCCmec gene cassette of the S. aureus genome. The rest of the 59% of the isolates were untypable. Overall, higher concentration of leaf and fruit extract reduced the optical density of MRSA culture and reduced bacterial growth in drop plate significantly.\u0000Conclusion: Dhaka population has S. aureus with varying sensitivity against methicillin, which needs further characterization by molecular epidemiology methods.\u0000Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(1): 82-89","PeriodicalId":8704,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43047009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-17DOI: 10.3329/bmrcb.v47i1.55790
Shahrul Rahman, S. Hossain, Md Ruhul Amin
Abstract not available Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(1): 1-2
孟加拉国地中海理事会2021年公报;47 (1): 1 - 2
{"title":"Nutrient Profiling: Equipping Consumers with Information for Healthy Food","authors":"Shahrul Rahman, S. Hossain, Md Ruhul Amin","doi":"10.3329/bmrcb.v47i1.55790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v47i1.55790","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract not available\u0000Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(1): 1-2","PeriodicalId":8704,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47498882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-17DOI: 10.3329/bmrcb.v47i1.55803
M. Begum, K. Halim, F. Hossain
Background: Components of essential newborn care and neonatal resuscitation are proven interventions for reducing neonatal mortality and stillbirth. Objective: To assess the level of knowledge of essential newborn care among the rural mothers. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out during January - December 2019 in Panchagarh district of the Rangpur division in Northern Bangladesh. A total of 354 rural postnatal mothers were purposively selected for the study. Rural mothers were interviewed with a semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the mothers was 22.1±3.2 years where 33.1% were illiterate and 83.3% were house wives. Majority of the mothers (76.3%) had taken antenatal care visit,48.3% delivered their children at home, 70.9% had normal delivery and 56.5%had taken postnatal care. Only few mothers (11.0%) knew about kangaroo cares, 83.9%mothers did not know that baby should be given first bath after 24 hours of birth, 26.3%mothers knew that the umbilical stump of baby should not be covered a cloth/bandage. Majority of the mothers (57.1 %) knew that one should start breast feeding immediately after birth and 62.4 %mothers knew that one should start vaccination just after birth. Less than half of the mothers (41.2 %) knew that one should not use any substance like Kajol to eyes. Majority of the mothers (59.3%) had inadequate knowledge regarding ENC while 40.7% had adequate knowledge. Literate mothers involved in job, family members <6 with monthly family income > 20,000 taka had significantly more adequate knowledge than others (p<0.001). Again, mothers who took ANC, delivered their babies at private hospitals, underwent cesarean section and took postnatal care had significantly more adequate knowledge than others (p<0.001). Conclusion: Majority of the mothers had inadequate knowledge regarding essential new born care. Health education and behavioral change communications on essential newborn care are recommended. Health workers should give special emphasis on thermal care by Kangaroo care, naval care and early breast feeding. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(1): 34-41
{"title":"Knowledge of Essential Newborn Care Among Rural Mothers","authors":"M. Begum, K. Halim, F. Hossain","doi":"10.3329/bmrcb.v47i1.55803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v47i1.55803","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Components of essential newborn care and neonatal resuscitation are proven interventions for reducing neonatal mortality and stillbirth. Objective: To assess the level of knowledge of essential newborn care among the rural mothers.\u0000Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out during January - December 2019 in Panchagarh district of the Rangpur division in Northern Bangladesh. A total of 354 rural postnatal mothers were purposively selected for the study. Rural mothers were interviewed with a semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire.\u0000Results: The mean age of the mothers was 22.1±3.2 years where 33.1% were illiterate and 83.3% were house wives. Majority of the mothers (76.3%) had taken antenatal care visit,48.3% delivered their children at home, 70.9% had normal delivery and 56.5%had taken postnatal care. Only few mothers (11.0%) knew about kangaroo cares, 83.9%mothers did not know that baby should be given first bath after 24 hours of birth, 26.3%mothers knew that the umbilical stump of baby should not be covered a cloth/bandage. Majority of the mothers (57.1 %) knew that one should start breast feeding immediately after birth and 62.4 %mothers knew that one should start vaccination just after birth. Less than half of the mothers (41.2 %) knew that one should not use any substance like Kajol to eyes. Majority of the mothers (59.3%) had inadequate knowledge regarding ENC while 40.7% had adequate knowledge. Literate mothers involved in job, family members <6 with monthly family income > 20,000 taka had significantly more adequate knowledge than others (p<0.001). Again, mothers who took ANC, delivered their babies at private hospitals, underwent cesarean section and took postnatal care had significantly more adequate knowledge than others (p<0.001).\u0000Conclusion: Majority of the mothers had inadequate knowledge regarding essential new born care. Health education and behavioral change communications on essential newborn care are recommended. Health workers should give special emphasis on thermal care by Kangaroo care, naval care and early breast feeding.\u0000Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(1): 34-41","PeriodicalId":8704,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46633865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-17DOI: 10.3329/bmrcb.v47i1.55792
D. Ghosh, M. Nath, A. Biswas, Moahammad Faiz Ahmad Khondakar, C. K. Ghosh
Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder. The prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) varies from 4% to 20% in different Asian nations. Objective: This community-based study was aimed to find out the prevalence of IBS in rural and urban setting in Bangladesh using Rome-III criteria. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 3500 respondents aged 18 years and above in both rural and urban communities of Bangladesh. The respondents were interviewed using a validated questionnaire in a door-to-door survey. A Rome III criterion was used for diagnosis of IBS. IBS was further classified as constipation predominant, diarrhoea predominant, mixed and un subtype. Statistical analysis was performed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 17.0.The level of significance was set at pd” 0.05. Results: The study population consisted almost equal percent respondents from urban (50.1%) and rural (49.9%) community. Among the respondents, 55.06% was male and 44.94% female. Overall prevalence of IBS 7.2% (95% CI, 6.39-8.10) and majority of the participants were associated with IBS belongs to age group 31-40 years with mean age 39.9%. The prevalence of IBS-C, IBS-D, IBS-M, IBS-U were 0.48%, 1.3%, 4.6%, and 0.8% respectively. In rural setting, the prevalence of IBS was 6.5%, (95% CI, 5.46-7.78) and in urban was IBS 7.8% (95% CI, 6.71-9.23). In this study, the prevalence of IBS was higher in males i.e. 57.2% in rural and 52.9% in urban compared with 42.8% in rural and 47.1% in urban females. Conclusion: In conclusion, the prevalence of IBS in urban 7.8% and rural 6.5% among Bangladeshi population. The result of the study suggests that IBS is a major health issue among these respective populations. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(1): 70-77
{"title":"Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome: A comparison between rural and urban settings in Bangladesh","authors":"D. Ghosh, M. Nath, A. Biswas, Moahammad Faiz Ahmad Khondakar, C. K. Ghosh","doi":"10.3329/bmrcb.v47i1.55792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v47i1.55792","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder. The prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) varies from 4% to 20% in different Asian nations.\u0000Objective: This community-based study was aimed to find out the prevalence of IBS in rural and urban setting in Bangladesh using Rome-III criteria.\u0000Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 3500 respondents aged 18 years and above in both rural and urban communities of Bangladesh. The respondents were interviewed using a validated questionnaire in a door-to-door survey. A Rome III criterion was used for diagnosis of IBS. IBS was further classified as constipation predominant, diarrhoea predominant, mixed and un subtype. Statistical analysis was performed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 17.0.The level of significance was set at pd” 0.05.\u0000Results: The study population consisted almost equal percent respondents from urban (50.1%) and rural (49.9%) community. Among the respondents, 55.06% was male and 44.94% female. Overall prevalence of IBS 7.2% (95% CI, 6.39-8.10) and majority of the participants were associated with IBS belongs to age group 31-40 years with mean age 39.9%. The prevalence of IBS-C, IBS-D, IBS-M, IBS-U were 0.48%, 1.3%, 4.6%, and 0.8% respectively. In rural setting, the prevalence of IBS was 6.5%, (95% CI, 5.46-7.78) and in urban was IBS 7.8% (95% CI, 6.71-9.23). In this study, the prevalence of IBS was higher in males i.e. 57.2% in rural and 52.9% in urban compared with 42.8% in rural and 47.1% in urban females.\u0000Conclusion: In conclusion, the prevalence of IBS in urban 7.8% and rural 6.5% among Bangladeshi population. The result of the study suggests that IBS is a major health issue among these respective populations.\u0000Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(1): 70-77","PeriodicalId":8704,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43624199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-17DOI: 10.3329/bmrcb.v47i1.55793
K. N. Naznin, M. Habib, M. Rahman, F. Parveen, Tangina Afrin, Rakesh Sah
Background: Patients with ileostomies are well known to be susceptible to extracellular fluid volume depletion as a result of fluid and solute losses that are greater than intake. However, electrolyte disorders accompanying these episodes of volume depletion are not well delineated. Objective: To find out serum electrolytes changes observed in patients undergone permanent or temporary ileostomy. Method: This prospective observational study was carried out in the Department of Colorectal Surgery, BSMMU, Dhaka, from January 2018 to December 2018. Fifty patients underwent permanent or temporary ileostomy and postoperatively treated with intravenous fluid and electrolytes at least up to 3rd POD along with gradual resumption of oral intake or ileostomy feeding and managed at least for 5 days were included in this study. Electrolyte was measured preoperatively and 3rd and 5th POD and observed the changes. Result: Males were predominant than females (1.17:1). Most of the patients were in age group 31 – 40 years. Mean age was 42.4±12.5 years. Serum sodium (Na) and serum potassium (K) were reduced at POD 3 and at POD 5 compared to pre-operative level. Serum sodium concentration was 136.6±3.75 mmol/L pre operatively and reduced to 135.1 ±2.98 mmol/L at 3rd POD and 134.8±3.04 mmol/L at 5th POD. Similarly, serum potassium concentration was 4.0±0.49 mmol/L pre operatively and reduced to 3.8±0.70 mmol/L at 3rd POD and 3.8±0.50 mmol/L at 5th POD. Both serum Na and serum K level reduced significantly in POD 3 and in POD 5 in comparison to pre-operative values (p<0.05). Regarding serum Cl and serum HCO3 level no statistically significant difference were observed (p>0.05). Conclusion: Serum sodium and potassium concentration reduced statistically significantly after permanent ileostomy. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(1): 78-81
{"title":"Changes in Serum Electrolytes Following Permanent or Temporary Ileostomy","authors":"K. N. Naznin, M. Habib, M. Rahman, F. Parveen, Tangina Afrin, Rakesh Sah","doi":"10.3329/bmrcb.v47i1.55793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v47i1.55793","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Patients with ileostomies are well known to be susceptible to extracellular fluid volume depletion as a result of fluid and solute losses that are greater than intake. However, electrolyte disorders accompanying these episodes of volume depletion are not well delineated.\u0000Objective: To find out serum electrolytes changes observed in patients undergone permanent or temporary ileostomy.\u0000Method: This prospective observational study was carried out in the Department of Colorectal Surgery, BSMMU, Dhaka, from January 2018 to December 2018. Fifty patients underwent permanent or temporary ileostomy and postoperatively treated with intravenous fluid and electrolytes at least up to 3rd POD along with gradual resumption of oral intake or ileostomy feeding and managed at least for 5 days were included in this study. Electrolyte was measured preoperatively and 3rd and 5th POD and observed the changes.\u0000Result: Males were predominant than females (1.17:1). Most of the patients were in age group 31 – 40 years. Mean age was 42.4±12.5 years. Serum sodium (Na) and serum potassium (K) were reduced at POD 3 and at POD 5 compared to pre-operative level. Serum sodium concentration was 136.6±3.75 mmol/L pre operatively and reduced to 135.1 ±2.98 mmol/L at 3rd POD and 134.8±3.04 mmol/L at 5th POD. Similarly, serum potassium concentration was 4.0±0.49 mmol/L pre operatively and reduced to 3.8±0.70 mmol/L at 3rd POD and 3.8±0.50 mmol/L at 5th POD. Both serum Na and serum K level reduced significantly in POD 3 and in POD 5 in comparison to pre-operative values (p<0.05). Regarding serum Cl and serum HCO3 level no statistically significant difference were observed (p>0.05).\u0000Conclusion: Serum sodium and potassium concentration reduced statistically significantly after permanent ileostomy.\u0000Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(1): 78-81","PeriodicalId":8704,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46504794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-17DOI: 10.3329/bmrcb.v47i2.57778
A. Chowdhury, M. Hannan, S. Dey, Maftahul Jannat, Md. Habibur Rahman
Background: The extent of damage by ischaemic stroke and the course of illness depend largely on the presence of collateral vessels around the affected area. The Circle of Willis (CoW), which serves as an important potential collateral pathway in maintaining adequate blood flow around the brain, is known to have variable patency. So the completeness of CoW is expected to influence the severity of ischaemic stroke. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the association of completeness of Circle of Willis with severity of acute ischaemic stroke. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study done in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from March, 2015 to August, 2017. A total of 42 patients of acute ischaemic stroke who were undergoing Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) for different reasons were selected by purposive sampling method. Data regarding completeness of Circle of Willis were obtained from DSA. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score were measured to assess the severity of stroke. Then the severities of stroke between the complete and incomplete Circle of Willis groups were compared. Results: A total of 27 male and 15 female patients were enrolled. Among them, 47.6% (20) had complete CoW and it was incomplete in rest 52.4% (22). Median (range) of NIHSS scores of complete and incomplete CoW group was 4.5 (0-17) and 9.5 (3-21) respectively. Mean NIHSS (±SD) for the complete and incomplete CoW was 6.60 (±4.97) and 9.95 (±5.10) respectively. The difference of mean between the two groups was found to be statistically significant (p=0.037). Odd’s Ratio (OR) for development of more severe stroke in patients with incomplete CoW was 4.5, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.18-18.13 which was statistically significant (p=0.029). Conclusion: It was concluded that incomplete Circle of Willis is associated with more severe stroke in acute ischaemic stroke patients. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(2): 181-191
{"title":"Association of incomplete Circle of Willis with severity of acute ischaemic stroke","authors":"A. Chowdhury, M. Hannan, S. Dey, Maftahul Jannat, Md. Habibur Rahman","doi":"10.3329/bmrcb.v47i2.57778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v47i2.57778","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The extent of damage by ischaemic stroke and the course of illness depend largely on the presence of collateral vessels around the affected area. The Circle of Willis (CoW), which serves as an important potential collateral pathway in maintaining adequate blood flow around the brain, is known to have variable patency. So the completeness of CoW is expected to influence the severity of ischaemic stroke.\u0000Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the association of completeness of Circle of Willis with severity of acute ischaemic stroke.\u0000Methods: It was a cross-sectional study done in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from March, 2015 to August, 2017. A total of 42 patients of acute ischaemic stroke who were undergoing Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) for different reasons were selected by purposive sampling method. Data regarding completeness of Circle of Willis were obtained from DSA. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score were measured to assess the severity of stroke. Then the severities of stroke between the complete and incomplete Circle of Willis groups were compared.\u0000Results: A total of 27 male and 15 female patients were enrolled. Among them, 47.6% (20) had complete CoW and it was incomplete in rest 52.4% (22). Median (range) of NIHSS scores of complete and incomplete CoW group was 4.5 (0-17) and 9.5 (3-21) respectively. Mean NIHSS (±SD) for the complete and incomplete CoW was\u00006.60 (±4.97) and 9.95 (±5.10) respectively. The difference of mean between the two groups was found to be statistically significant (p=0.037). Odd’s Ratio (OR) for development of more severe stroke in patients with incomplete CoW was 4.5, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.18-18.13 which was statistically significant (p=0.029).\u0000Conclusion: It was concluded that incomplete Circle of Willis is associated with more severe stroke in acute ischaemic stroke patients.\u0000Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(2): 181-191","PeriodicalId":8704,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48411696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-17DOI: 10.3329/bmrcb.v47i2.57780
M. Akhter, M. Begum, Shahin Akhter, Arunima Datta, Nazrul Islam, Raju Chowdhury
Background: Cement industries are playing a key role in economic growth and infrastructure development. But its production is a dusty process and is a major source of air pollution. Its exposure may affect respiratory system and impairment of pulmonary functions. Objective: This study was aimed to assess the effects of cement dust on pulmonary functions of workers working in cement factory. Methods: This case control study was conducted in the department of physiology, Chittagong Medical College, Chattogram in collaboration with Heidelberg Cement Bangladesh Ltd. in Chattogram from January 2018 to December 2018. A total of 88 male workers, aged between 20-45 years were included in this study by consecutive sampling method who met the inclusion criteria. Workers working at least two years in direct contact of cement dust were considered as exposed (case) group. Non exposed (control) group were selected from office workers of same factory those who were not directly exposed to cement. Each group included 44 subjects. A predesigned data collection form containing information regarding general information, job history, present and past disease, drug history was filled up. Individual’s height, weight was measured and BMI was calculated. FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC (%) was recorded by a digital spirometer (Chestgraph HI-101, Japan) in upright sitting posture. After compiling data,statistical analyses were done by using SPSS version Windows 25. Unpaired student’s ‘t’ test was done for statistical analysis. Results: Exposed (case) group showed significant reduction of FVC and FEV1 (p<0.001)with unaltered FEV1/ FVC (%) (p>0.05) in comparison to non exposed (control) group. Conclusion: The results of this study concluded that occupational exposure to cement dust reduce pulmonary functions of cement workers. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(2): 199-204
{"title":"Effects of Exposure to Cement Dust on lung function among Cement Factory Workers","authors":"M. Akhter, M. Begum, Shahin Akhter, Arunima Datta, Nazrul Islam, Raju Chowdhury","doi":"10.3329/bmrcb.v47i2.57780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v47i2.57780","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cement industries are playing a key role in economic growth and infrastructure development. But its production is a dusty process and is a major source of air pollution. Its exposure may affect respiratory system and impairment of pulmonary functions.\u0000Objective: This study was aimed to assess the effects of cement dust on pulmonary functions of workers working in cement factory.\u0000Methods: This case control study was conducted in the department of physiology, Chittagong Medical College, Chattogram in collaboration with Heidelberg Cement Bangladesh Ltd. in Chattogram from January 2018 to December 2018. A total of 88 male workers, aged between 20-45 years were included in this study by consecutive sampling method who met the inclusion criteria. Workers working at least two years in direct contact of cement dust were considered as exposed (case) group. Non exposed (control) group were selected from office workers of same factory those who were not directly exposed to cement. Each group included 44 subjects. A predesigned data collection form containing information regarding general information, job history, present and past disease, drug history was filled up. Individual’s height, weight was measured and BMI was calculated. FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC (%) was recorded by a digital spirometer (Chestgraph HI-101, Japan) in upright\u0000sitting posture. After compiling data,statistical analyses were done by using SPSS version Windows 25. Unpaired\u0000student’s ‘t’ test was done for statistical analysis.\u0000Results: Exposed (case) group showed significant reduction of FVC and FEV1 (p<0.001)with unaltered FEV1/ FVC (%) (p>0.05) in comparison to non exposed (control) group.\u0000Conclusion: The results of this study concluded that occupational exposure to cement dust reduce pulmonary functions of cement workers.\u0000Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(2): 199-204","PeriodicalId":8704,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48128548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-17DOI: 10.3329/bmrcb.v47i1.55796
M. Hoque, M. Amin, S. Biswas, M. Islam
Background: Global incidence of dengue has increased dramatically over the last few decades. In Bangladesh, there is a high transmission of Dengue in urban and peri-urban areas of Dhaka and other major cities. Seasonal variation, improper surveillance, underreporting of dengue infection have made difficult to estimate disease burden of dengue. Objective: This study was aimed to observe the rate of seropositivity by ELISA for Dengue IgG patients presenting to hospital. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study done in seven medical college hospital in urban Dhaka from January 2018 to March 2018. A small amount of blood was taken obtaining informed written consent in patients selected by purposive sampling during presenting to hospitals and a pre-tested questionnaire was fill to gather socio-demographic and relevant epidemiological data. Results: A total of 695 patients were included in this study with a mean age 34.9±16.49. Dengue IgG was positive in 349 (51.2%), positivity was found highest (70%) in Shahabuddin Medical College Hospital and lowest (25%) in Uttara Adhunik Medical College. Dengue IgG positive patients were more literate (82% vs 74.2%), more from urban setting (51.2% vs 41.8%), had more monthly income, had more garden (26.8% vs 23.3%) and stagnant water (25.5% vs 23%) in comparison to IgG negative patients. Conclusion: This study revealed that high seroprevalence posing risk to develop severe dengue and indicating high disease burden which warranted large scale well design population-based study. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(1): 17-22
{"title":"Hospital Seroprevalence of Dengue Virus Infection among Adults of Urban Dhaka","authors":"M. Hoque, M. Amin, S. Biswas, M. Islam","doi":"10.3329/bmrcb.v47i1.55796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v47i1.55796","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Global incidence of dengue has increased dramatically over the last few decades. In Bangladesh, there is a high transmission of Dengue in urban and peri-urban areas of Dhaka and other major cities. Seasonal variation, improper surveillance, underreporting of dengue infection have made difficult to estimate disease burden of dengue.\u0000Objective: This study was aimed to observe the rate of seropositivity by ELISA for Dengue IgG patients presenting to hospital.\u0000Methods: This is a cross-sectional study done in seven medical college hospital in urban Dhaka from January 2018 to March 2018. A small amount of blood was taken obtaining informed written consent in patients selected by purposive sampling during presenting to hospitals and a pre-tested questionnaire was fill to gather socio-demographic and relevant epidemiological data. Results: A total of 695 patients were included in this study with a mean age 34.9±16.49. Dengue IgG was positive in 349 (51.2%), positivity was found highest (70%) in Shahabuddin Medical College Hospital and lowest (25%) in Uttara Adhunik Medical College. Dengue IgG positive patients were more literate (82% vs 74.2%), more from urban setting (51.2% vs 41.8%), had more monthly income, had more garden (26.8% vs 23.3%) and stagnant water (25.5% vs 23%) in comparison to IgG negative patients.\u0000Conclusion: This study revealed that high seroprevalence posing risk to develop severe dengue and indicating high disease burden which warranted large scale well design population-based study.\u0000Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(1): 17-22","PeriodicalId":8704,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45883037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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