Pub Date : 2022-05-17DOI: 10.3329/bmrcb.v47i2.57774
Majidul Islam, Rumana Yesmin Hasi, Hanif Ali, P. C. Karmakar, Rowshanul Habib, Mohammed A. Satter, T. Yeasmin
Background: Since chemical anticancer drugs are found to have adverse effect on body, nowadays people are motivated towards natural agents to treat cancer. Fruits and vegetables are potential source of natural anticancer agents that protect our body against cancer by scavenging and neutralizing free radicals. Objective: The study was aimed to explore antioxidant and anticancer properties of methanolic extract of leaves of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (MEHSL). Methods: In vitro assays were used to examine the different types of phytochemical content and antioxidant properties of MEHSL. In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to study the effects of MEHSL on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells. Chemical constituents were also analyzed by GC–MS. Results: Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of MEHSL were found to be 26.23±0.30 and 131.13±1.40 mg/g of extract in terms of gallic acid and catechin equivalent, respectively. The MEHSL exhibited remarkable scavenging effect on DPPH, ABTS, nitric oxide scavenging activity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation with IC50 values 6.768, 11.54, 29.84 and 17.55, respectively, compared to the positive control, catechin. In vitro cytotoxic study shows that MEHSL reduced the viability of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells in dose dependent manner. In in vivo, significant inhibition of EAC cells growth and proliferation, reduction of tumor weight and increased of survival time of EAC-bearing mice were noted following by intraperitoneal MEHSL treatment at the doses of 5 and 10 mg/ kg/day (p<0.05). Moreover, the MEHSL also altered the depleted hematological parameters like RBC, WBC, and percentage of hemoglobin (Hb %) of EAC bearing mice towards normal. Furthermore, administration of MEHSL induced apoptosis of EAC cells as observed in Hoechst-33342 stained cells under fluorescence microscope. Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (2.845%), hexadecanoic acid (9.858%), linolenic acid methyl ester (2.142%), 9,12- -octadecadien -1-Ol (2.063), alpha-glyceryl linolenate (6.138), arachidic acid (23.280%) and phthalic acid, 6-ethyloct-3-yl 2-ethylhexyl ester (74.926%) were identified as the major constituents of MEHSL by GC-MS analysis. Conclusion: Findings of the present study suggested that the leaves of H. sabdariffa can therefore be considered as a promising resource in cancer chemotherapy. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(2): 156-164
{"title":"Antioxidant and antineoplastic activities of leaves of Hibiscus sabdariffa Lina against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells in Swiss albino mice","authors":"Majidul Islam, Rumana Yesmin Hasi, Hanif Ali, P. C. Karmakar, Rowshanul Habib, Mohammed A. Satter, T. Yeasmin","doi":"10.3329/bmrcb.v47i2.57774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v47i2.57774","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Since chemical anticancer drugs are found to have adverse effect on body, nowadays people are motivated towards natural agents to treat cancer. Fruits and vegetables are potential source of natural anticancer agents that protect our body against cancer by scavenging and neutralizing free radicals.\u0000Objective: The study was aimed to explore antioxidant and anticancer properties of methanolic extract of leaves of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (MEHSL).\u0000Methods: In vitro assays were used to examine the different types of phytochemical content and antioxidant properties of MEHSL. In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to study the effects of MEHSL on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells. Chemical constituents were also analyzed by GC–MS.\u0000Results: Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of MEHSL were found to be 26.23±0.30 and 131.13±1.40 mg/g of extract in terms of gallic acid and catechin equivalent, respectively. The MEHSL exhibited remarkable scavenging effect on DPPH, ABTS, nitric oxide scavenging activity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation with IC50 values 6.768, 11.54, 29.84 and 17.55, respectively, compared to the positive control, catechin. In vitro cytotoxic study shows that MEHSL reduced the viability of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells in dose dependent manner. In in vivo, significant inhibition of EAC cells growth and proliferation, reduction of tumor weight and increased of survival time of EAC-bearing mice were noted following by intraperitoneal MEHSL treatment at the doses of 5 and 10 mg/ kg/day (p<0.05). Moreover, the MEHSL also altered the depleted hematological parameters like RBC, WBC, and percentage of hemoglobin (Hb %) of EAC bearing mice towards normal. Furthermore, administration of MEHSL induced apoptosis of EAC cells as observed in Hoechst-33342 stained cells under fluorescence microscope. Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (2.845%), hexadecanoic acid (9.858%), linolenic acid methyl ester (2.142%), 9,12- -octadecadien -1-Ol (2.063), alpha-glyceryl linolenate (6.138), arachidic acid (23.280%) and phthalic acid, 6-ethyloct-3-yl 2-ethylhexyl ester (74.926%) were identified as the major constituents of MEHSL by GC-MS analysis.\u0000Conclusion: Findings of the present study suggested that the leaves of H. sabdariffa can therefore be considered as a promising resource in cancer chemotherapy.\u0000Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(2): 156-164","PeriodicalId":8704,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41429276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-17DOI: 10.3329/bmrcb.v47i2.57777
M. Jobayer, Mizanur Rahman, Nadira Akter, Naomee Shareef, R. Rana, S. Shamsuzzaman
Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a global health problem and the number of organisms developing resistance to commonly used antibiotics is increasing. Objective: The study was aimed to find out the pattern of common organism isolated from wound swabs and pus with their antibiogram. Methods: This observational study was conducted from September 2018 to January 2019 in a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Culture and sensitivity tests were done for wound swabs and pus samples. Data regarding information of the patients, isolated organisms and culture and sensitivity reports were collected from the records of the department of microbiology. Results: Out of 1709 samples, 72.0% yielded growth of organisms of which 86.4% were gram negative and 13.6% were gram positive bacteria. Pseudomonas spp was the most commonly (43.8%) isolated organism from both wound swab and pus samples followed by Escherichia coli (16.6%), Staphylococcus aureus (11.8%), Klebsiella spp (9.8%). Among gram negative bacteria, 14.9% were ESBL producing organisms and Klebsiella spp were the most commonly isolated ESBL producers. Most of the bacteria showed high resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Gram negative bacteria were mostly resistant to amoxicillin followed by fluoroquinolones, co-trimoxazole, and cephalosporins whereas colistin, carbapenems and piperacillin/tazobactum were the most effective drugs against them. Majority of gram positive bacteria were resistant to fluoroquinolones and co-trimoxazole but 100% Staphylococcus aureus were sensitive to vancomycin, followed by linezolid (98.0%) and teicoplanin (86.0%) and 32.0% of them were Methicillin resistant (MRSA). Conclusion: The susceptibility pattern shows that some common antibiotics, especially antibiotics of oral form have very limited usefulness in treatment of infections and also highlight the need for regular reporting and antibiogram guided antibiotic prescription. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(2): 181-187
{"title":"Organisms isolated from wound swab and pus with their antibiotic susceptibility pattern in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh.","authors":"M. Jobayer, Mizanur Rahman, Nadira Akter, Naomee Shareef, R. Rana, S. Shamsuzzaman","doi":"10.3329/bmrcb.v47i2.57777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v47i2.57777","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a global health problem and the number of organisms developing resistance to commonly used antibiotics is increasing.\u0000Objective: The study was aimed to find out the pattern of common organism isolated from wound swabs and pus with their antibiogram.\u0000Methods: This observational study was conducted from September 2018 to January 2019 in a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Culture and sensitivity tests were done for wound swabs and pus samples. Data regarding information of the patients, isolated organisms and culture and sensitivity reports were collected from the records of the department of microbiology.\u0000Results: Out of 1709 samples, 72.0% yielded growth of organisms of which 86.4% were gram negative and 13.6% were gram positive bacteria. Pseudomonas spp was the most commonly (43.8%) isolated organism from both wound swab and pus samples followed by Escherichia coli (16.6%), Staphylococcus aureus (11.8%), Klebsiella spp (9.8%). Among gram negative bacteria, 14.9% were ESBL producing organisms and Klebsiella spp were the most commonly isolated ESBL producers. Most of the bacteria showed high resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Gram negative bacteria were mostly resistant to amoxicillin followed by fluoroquinolones, co-trimoxazole, and cephalosporins whereas colistin, carbapenems and piperacillin/tazobactum were the most effective drugs against them. Majority of gram positive bacteria were resistant to fluoroquinolones and co-trimoxazole but 100% Staphylococcus aureus were sensitive to vancomycin, followed by linezolid (98.0%) and teicoplanin (86.0%) and 32.0% of them were Methicillin resistant (MRSA).\u0000Conclusion: The susceptibility pattern shows that some common antibiotics, especially antibiotics of oral form have very limited usefulness in treatment of infections and also highlight the need for regular reporting and antibiogram guided antibiotic prescription.\u0000Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(2): 181-187","PeriodicalId":8704,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69482990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-17DOI: 10.3329/bmrcb.v47i2.57768
Zulaikha Mohamed, S. Begum, T. Mahmud, M. Amatullah, A. Khanom
Background: Ovarian cancer is one of the leading cause of mortality and morbidity of gynaecological malignancies. Lack of early demonstration of symptoms and lack of effective screening tests, ovarian tumours are usually diagnosed at an advanced stage. Different studies shows the association of pre-operative serum CA125 level with the surgical staging of ovarian cancer. Objective: To find out the correlation of pre-operative level of serum CA 125 with the surgical staging (FIGO-2014) of ovarian cancer. Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out among 81 subjects in the department of gynaecological oncology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, from August 2018 to September 2019. Sampling technique was purposive. All consecutive patients admitted at department of gynaecological oncology, BSMMU with diagnosed ovarian cancer were included in this study. Data were collected and documented on a preformed and pretested structured questionnaire. Clinical examinations and relevant investigations were done and recorded accordingly. Result: Mean age of the study subjects was 45.7 ± 15.2 years with a range of 13-75 years. Mean BMI was 23.3 ± 3.0 kg/m2 and mean age of marriage was 16.1 ± 2.8 years. Maximum study subjects had stage III (44.4%) followed by stage II (23.5%), stage I (21.0%) and stage IV (11.1%). Preoperative CA-125 was >35 U/ml in 90.1% cases. Serum CA-125 was elevated at the advanced stage of ovarian cancer. Maximum study subjects had serous tumors (70.4%) followed by mucinous tumors (11.5%), endometrioid adenocarcinoma (7.4%), malignant teratoma (4.9%) and clear cell tumors (3.7%). Serum CA-125 had significant positive correlation with surgical stages of ovarian epithelial cancer. Conclusion: Surgical stage of epithelial ovarian cancer significantly correlates with CA-125. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(2): 110-117
背景：癌症是妇科恶性肿瘤致死和发病的主要原因之一。由于缺乏症状的早期证明和有效的筛查测试，卵巢肿瘤通常在晚期被诊断出来。不同的研究表明术前血清CA125水平与癌症手术分期的关系。目的：探讨癌症术前血清CA125水平与手术分期（FIGO-2014）的相关性。方法：这项横断面研究于2018年8月至2019年9月在达卡Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib医科大学妇科肿瘤科的81名受试者中进行。采样技术是有目的的。本研究纳入了所有在BSMMU妇科肿瘤科连续入院的诊断为卵巢癌症的患者。数据被收集并记录在预先准备和预先测试的结构化问卷中。进行临床检查和相关调查，并相应记录。结果：研究对象的平均年龄为45.7±15.2岁，年龄范围为13-75岁。平均BMI为23.3±3.0 kg/m2，平均结婚年龄为16.1±2.8岁。最多的研究受试者为III期（44.4%），其次为II期（23.5%）、I期（21.0%）和IV期（11.1%）。90.1%的病例术前CA-125＞35 U/ml。癌症晚期血清CA-125升高。研究对象多为浆液性肿瘤（70.4%），其次为黏液性肿瘤（11.5%）、子宫内膜样腺癌（7.4%）、恶性畸胎瘤（4.9%）和透明细胞肿瘤（3.7%）。结论：上皮性癌症的手术分期与CA-125显著相关。Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021；47（2）：110-117
{"title":"Correlation of Preoperative Level of Serum Ca125 with Surgical Staging of Ovarian Cancer","authors":"Zulaikha Mohamed, S. Begum, T. Mahmud, M. Amatullah, A. Khanom","doi":"10.3329/bmrcb.v47i2.57768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v47i2.57768","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ovarian cancer is one of the leading cause of mortality and morbidity of gynaecological malignancies. Lack of early demonstration of symptoms and lack of effective screening tests, ovarian tumours are usually diagnosed at an advanced stage. Different studies shows the association of pre-operative serum CA125 level with the surgical staging of ovarian cancer.\u0000Objective: To find out the correlation of pre-operative level of serum CA 125 with the surgical staging (FIGO-2014) of ovarian cancer.\u0000Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out among 81 subjects in the department of gynaecological oncology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, from August 2018 to September 2019. Sampling technique was purposive. All consecutive patients admitted at department of gynaecological oncology, BSMMU with diagnosed ovarian cancer were included in this study. Data were collected and documented on a preformed and pretested structured questionnaire. Clinical examinations and relevant investigations were done and recorded accordingly.\u0000Result: Mean age of the study subjects was 45.7 ± 15.2 years with a range of 13-75 years. Mean BMI was 23.3 ±\u00003.0 kg/m2 and mean age of marriage was 16.1 ± 2.8 years. Maximum study subjects had stage III (44.4%) followed by stage II (23.5%), stage I (21.0%) and stage IV (11.1%). Preoperative CA-125 was >35 U/ml in 90.1% cases. Serum CA-125 was elevated at the advanced stage of ovarian cancer. Maximum study subjects had serous tumors (70.4%) followed by mucinous tumors (11.5%), endometrioid adenocarcinoma (7.4%), malignant teratoma (4.9%) and clear cell tumors (3.7%). Serum CA-125 had significant positive correlation with surgical stages of ovarian epithelial cancer.\u0000Conclusion: Surgical stage of epithelial ovarian cancer significantly correlates with CA-125.\u0000Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(2): 110-117","PeriodicalId":8704,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48690569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-17DOI: 10.3329/bmrcb.v47i2.57766
Shahrul Rahman, S. Hossain, Md Ruhul Amin
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been recognised by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a global health and development threat.1 An accurate, actionable estimate of the AMR burden is needed to priortise resource allocation for strategies to prevent and control AMR including infection control, antimicrobial stewardship and updating strategies. Moreover, a mechanistic understanding of how AMR leads to worse outcomes will inform infection management. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(2): 101-102
{"title":"Antibiotic resistance: An emerging public health challenge","authors":"Shahrul Rahman, S. Hossain, Md Ruhul Amin","doi":"10.3329/bmrcb.v47i2.57766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v47i2.57766","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been recognised by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a global health and development threat.1 An accurate, actionable estimate of the AMR burden is needed to priortise resource allocation for strategies to prevent and control AMR including infection control, antimicrobial stewardship and updating strategies. Moreover, a mechanistic understanding of how AMR leads to worse outcomes will inform infection management.\u0000Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(2): 101-102","PeriodicalId":8704,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49431090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-17DOI: 10.3329/bmrcb.v47i2.57784
N. Dorji, Phurpa, Birendra Pradhan, M. Amatullah, T. Mahmud, S. Begum
Background: Retroperitoneal cyst is a rare event with diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. It may remain asymptomatic or present with vague symptoms such as abdominal distension or pain. In the event of late diagnosis, it might develop complications like infection, perforation, haemorrhage and malignant transformation. Objective: As there is not a single reported case from Bhutan, this is the first report to sensitise the clinicians so that they are aware about the rare possibility of this lesion. Case: A 34-year-old woman presented with abdominal pain was diagnosed as ovarian tumour. During laparotomy, the mass was found to be a retroperitoneal cyst which was excised completely with intact capsule. The uterus, bilateral ovaries and fallopian tubes were normal. Histopathology confirmed that it to be benign primary retroperitoneal cyst. Conclusion: Involvement of multidisciplinary team members would facilitate proper diagnosis and appropriate management of retroperitoneal cysts. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(2): 225-229
{"title":"A Diagnostic Challenge of Symptomatic Benign Primary Retroperitoneal Mucinous Cyst: A Case Report","authors":"N. Dorji, Phurpa, Birendra Pradhan, M. Amatullah, T. Mahmud, S. Begum","doi":"10.3329/bmrcb.v47i2.57784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v47i2.57784","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Retroperitoneal cyst is a rare event with diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. It may remain asymptomatic or present with vague symptoms such as abdominal distension or pain. In the event of late diagnosis, it might develop complications like infection, perforation, haemorrhage and malignant transformation.\u0000Objective: As there is not a single reported case from Bhutan, this is the first report to sensitise the clinicians so that they are aware about the rare possibility of this lesion.\u0000Case: A 34-year-old woman presented with abdominal pain was diagnosed as ovarian tumour. During laparotomy, the mass was found to be a retroperitoneal cyst which was excised completely with intact capsule. The uterus, bilateral ovaries and fallopian tubes were normal. Histopathology confirmed that it to be benign primary retroperitoneal cyst.\u0000Conclusion: Involvement of multidisciplinary team members would facilitate proper diagnosis and appropriate management of retroperitoneal cysts.\u0000Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(2): 225-229","PeriodicalId":8704,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49379449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-17DOI: 10.3329/bmrcb.v47i1.55791
Md Benzamin, M. Sayeed, Md Shafiul Alam, M. Rana, Aisha Aishy
Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2) is shaking the world heavily. SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) infection has a wide variety of presentations as it affects almost every system of body. Gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary symptoms are frequently overlooked especially in children. Objectives: The purpose of this review was to discuss the gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary presentations of COVID-19 in children and compare with non-gastrointestinal presentations. Methods: This study was a narrative review. Recent available literature was searched by keywords. The most recent information from relevant articles were collected and reviewed. This write up was compiled after the review of articles from the last one and half year. Results: About 50.0% symptomatic children with COVID-19 had gastrointestinal manifestations. COVID-19 with gastrointestinal symptoms had delayed diagnosis, delayed hospitalization and worse outcome in compare with Covid-19 with non-gastrointestinal symptoms. Conclusion: Vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea are common gastrointestinal manifestations in children with COVID-19. Elevated transaminasemia is not uncommon. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(1): 3-8
{"title":"Gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary manifestations of COVID-19 in children: A Review","authors":"Md Benzamin, M. Sayeed, Md Shafiul Alam, M. Rana, Aisha Aishy","doi":"10.3329/bmrcb.v47i1.55791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v47i1.55791","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2) is shaking the world heavily. SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) infection has a wide variety of presentations as it affects almost every system of body. Gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary symptoms are frequently overlooked especially in children.\u0000Objectives: The purpose of this review was to discuss the gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary presentations of COVID-19 in children and compare with non-gastrointestinal presentations.\u0000Methods: This study was a narrative review. Recent available literature was searched by keywords. The most recent information from relevant articles were collected and reviewed. This write up was compiled after the review of articles from the last one and half year.\u0000Results: About 50.0% symptomatic children with COVID-19 had gastrointestinal manifestations. COVID-19 with gastrointestinal symptoms had delayed diagnosis, delayed hospitalization and worse outcome in compare with Covid-19 with non-gastrointestinal symptoms.\u0000Conclusion: Vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea are common gastrointestinal manifestations in children with COVID-19. Elevated transaminasemia is not uncommon.\u0000Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(1): 3-8","PeriodicalId":8704,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46426471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-17DOI: 10.3329/bmrcb.v47i1.55799
A. Siddika, N. Yasmin, M. M. Hossain, Shahryar Nabi, Fahmida Naz Mustafa
Background: Lowbirthweight(LBW)contributes substantially to neonatal, infant, and childhood mortality and morbidity. Several maternal factors contribute to the incidence of LBW, majority of which are biologically and socially interrelated, are modifiable; making LBW a potentially preventable condition. Objective: To evaluate the association of maternal risk factors with birth weight of newborn. Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in Mugda medical college, Dhaka, a government health center of Bangladesh, from January 2019 to 30 June 2019. A total of 180 recently delivered pregnant mother were included in this study and categorized into two groups: Group A- 90 mother who had given birth of low birth weight baby, and Group B- another 90 mother who delivered normal birth weight baby.Face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire and a review of medical records were carried out. Statistical analyses of the results were obtained by using window-based computer software devised with SPSS version 23. Results: Highest percentage of patients from both group A and B were belonged to 20 - 34 years of age (62.2% and 81.1% respectively) and para £3 (76.7% and 88.8% respectively) with significant odds ratio for delivering low birth weight baby at advanced maternal age (³35 years) (OR=2.14, p value 0.037) and high parity (para >3) (OR=2.44, p value 0.03).Majority mothers from group A had hypertension (58.9%) whereas 90% mothers from group B were normotensive with significant odds ratio (OR= 12.89, p value <0.001) as risk factor for predicting low birth weight baby. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that gestational hypertension was the most powerful independent risk factor (OR= 12.72, p value <0.001) for delivering LBW baby compared to age ³35 years (OR= 0.757, p value .717) and parity >3 (OR= 2.66, p value 0.257). Conclusion: Gestational hypertension, advanced maternal age and high parity are the significant risk factors for delivering LBW baby. However, further larger multicenter study is recommended. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(1): 50-56
{"title":"Association of Maternal Risk Factors with Birth Weight of Newborn in a Tertiary Level Hospital in Dhaka City","authors":"A. Siddika, N. Yasmin, M. M. Hossain, Shahryar Nabi, Fahmida Naz Mustafa","doi":"10.3329/bmrcb.v47i1.55799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v47i1.55799","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Lowbirthweight(LBW)contributes substantially to neonatal, infant, and childhood mortality and morbidity. Several maternal factors contribute to the incidence of LBW, majority of which are biologically and socially interrelated, are modifiable; making LBW a potentially preventable condition.\u0000Objective: To evaluate the association of maternal risk factors with birth weight of newborn. Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in Mugda medical college, Dhaka, a government health center of Bangladesh, from January 2019 to 30 June 2019. A total of 180 recently delivered pregnant mother were included in this study and categorized into two groups: Group A- 90 mother who had given birth of low birth weight baby, and Group B- another 90 mother who delivered normal birth weight baby.Face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire and a review of medical records were carried out. Statistical analyses of the results were obtained by using window-based computer software devised with SPSS version 23.\u0000Results: Highest percentage of patients from both group A and B were belonged to 20 - 34 years of age (62.2% and 81.1% respectively) and para £3 (76.7% and 88.8% respectively) with significant odds ratio for delivering low birth weight baby at advanced maternal age (³35 years) (OR=2.14, p value 0.037) and high parity (para >3) (OR=2.44, p value 0.03).Majority mothers from group A had hypertension (58.9%) whereas 90% mothers from group B were normotensive with significant odds ratio (OR= 12.89, p value <0.001) as risk factor for predicting low birth weight baby. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that gestational hypertension was the most powerful independent risk factor (OR= 12.72, p value <0.001) for delivering LBW baby compared to age ³35 years (OR= 0.757, p value .717) and parity >3 (OR= 2.66, p value 0.257).\u0000Conclusion: Gestational hypertension, advanced maternal age and high parity are the significant risk factors for delivering LBW baby. However, further larger multicenter study is recommended.\u0000Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(1): 50-56","PeriodicalId":8704,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69482958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-17DOI: 10.3329/bmrcb.v47i2.57767
A. Giasuddin, K. A. Jhuma, Shahryar Nabi
Background: Applications of imaging technology modalities have accumulated evidence that individual components of body composition (BC) have significant influences on chronic disease onset, disease progression, treatment responses and health outcomes. Objective: To analyse the currently available body imaging techniques and their applications in clinical practice and medical research. Methods: To review the various body imaging techniques and their applications in clinical practice and medical research, Medline, PubMed, Google scholar, ResearchGate and other databases were searched. Furthermore, references of selected studies and documents available in different libraries were also searched. Findings: Imaging modalities have provided a systematic method for differentiating phenotypes of BC that diverge from normal, i.e. having low bone mass (osteopenia/osteoporosis), low muscle mass (sarcopenia), high fat mass (obesity), or high fat with low muscle mass (sarcopenic obesity). Tremendous advances were made over the past decades in the sensitivity and quality of imaging techniques such as Duel-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA), Computed Axial Tomography (CT), Ultrasound (US), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) etc. These imaging techniques have been useful to differentiate layers or depots within tissues and cells enhancing our understanding of distinct mechanistic, metabolic and functional roles of BC within human phenotypes. Conclusion: In the present overview, we focused on DXA, CT and US for the use in clinical practice and biomedical research relevant to future investigation of human BC and how they may be applied to remedy the pandemic of obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(2): 103-109
{"title":"Applications of Body Imaging Techniques in Clinical Practice and Biomedical Research: An Overview","authors":"A. Giasuddin, K. A. Jhuma, Shahryar Nabi","doi":"10.3329/bmrcb.v47i2.57767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v47i2.57767","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Applications of imaging technology modalities have accumulated evidence that individual components of body composition (BC) have significant influences on chronic disease onset, disease progression, treatment responses and health outcomes.\u0000Objective: To analyse the currently available body imaging techniques and their applications in clinical practice and medical research.\u0000Methods: To review the various body imaging techniques and their applications in clinical practice and medical research, Medline, PubMed, Google scholar, ResearchGate and other databases were searched. Furthermore, references of selected studies and documents available in different libraries were also searched.\u0000Findings: Imaging modalities have provided a systematic method for differentiating phenotypes of BC that diverge from normal, i.e. having low bone mass (osteopenia/osteoporosis), low muscle mass (sarcopenia), high fat mass (obesity), or high fat with low muscle mass (sarcopenic obesity). Tremendous advances were made over the past decades in the sensitivity and quality of imaging techniques such as Duel-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA), Computed Axial Tomography (CT), Ultrasound (US), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) etc. These imaging techniques have been useful to differentiate layers or depots within tissues and cells enhancing our understanding of distinct mechanistic, metabolic and functional roles of BC within human phenotypes.\u0000Conclusion: In the present overview, we focused on DXA, CT and US for the use in clinical practice and biomedical research relevant to future investigation of human BC and how they may be applied to remedy the pandemic of obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome.\u0000Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(2): 103-109","PeriodicalId":8704,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47258655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-17DOI: 10.3329/bmrcb.v47i2.57781
Syed Shahidul Islam, Md. Samiul Islam, S. Parvin, Susmita Islam, Rayhan Hamid, Md. Abdul Gani Mollah
Background: Open fractures are a frequent occurrence in the in accident and emergency department that requires immediate care. As a pedal bone, the tibia is very prone to accidental injury, easily becomes bare following the trauma and very prone to infection. Updated knowledge about microbial aspects of open tibia fracture infection is essential for proper management. Objective: This study evaluated the injury characteristics and resistance patterns of microorganisms involved in the infection of open fracture tibia in a single-centred study. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on a total of 384 patients presented at the emergency department with open fractures of the tibia (all Gustilo types) from January 2020 to July 2020 at the National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedic Rehabilitation (NITOR), Bangladesh. Three successive culture sensitivity tests were carried out-one at the emergency room (surveillance culture), 2nd at the emergency theatre after debridement and third at ward after 1 week (7 to 10 days). Results: Average age of the patients was 36.2± 15.5 years, with motor vehicle accidents being the predominant cause (72.9%). Gustilo III fractures were most prevalent (54.4%). The maximum infection rate was in Gustilo IIIB Fractures (40.4%). There was a significant difference in contamination rate between on admission culture (37.0%) and post debridement culture (26.3%). The infection rate from the ward samples was 44.5 %, where the postdebidement contamination was less only 26.3%. But from the ward sample, it again increased to 44.5%. Among the patient entering the ward after debridement with no contamination (73.7%) became infected in 34.62% cases, which indicates hospital-acquired infection. The bacterial resistance patterns from the ward samples were more virulent with multidrug resistance, predominantly Pseudomonas spp. and Kliebsiella spp. Conclusion: The present study provided insight into the injury characteristics and infection patterns of open fractures of the tibia. Early debridement reduced the contamination, but there was still hospital-acquired infection with more virulent multidrug resistance phenotypes. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(2): 205-211
{"title":"Injury Characteristics, Infection and Resistance Pattern of Open Fracture Tibia in Tertiary Orthopaedic Centre","authors":"Syed Shahidul Islam, Md. Samiul Islam, S. Parvin, Susmita Islam, Rayhan Hamid, Md. Abdul Gani Mollah","doi":"10.3329/bmrcb.v47i2.57781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v47i2.57781","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Open fractures are a frequent occurrence in the in accident and emergency department that requires immediate care. As a pedal bone, the tibia is very prone to accidental injury, easily becomes bare following the trauma and very prone to infection. Updated knowledge about microbial aspects of open tibia fracture infection is essential for proper management.\u0000Objective: This study evaluated the injury characteristics and resistance patterns of microorganisms involved in the infection of open fracture tibia in a single-centred study.\u0000Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on a total of 384 patients presented at the emergency department with open fractures of the tibia (all Gustilo types) from January 2020 to July 2020 at the National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedic Rehabilitation (NITOR), Bangladesh. Three successive culture sensitivity tests were carried out-one at the emergency room (surveillance culture), 2nd at the emergency theatre after debridement and third at ward after 1 week (7 to 10 days).\u0000Results: Average age of the patients was 36.2± 15.5 years, with motor vehicle accidents being the predominant cause (72.9%). Gustilo III fractures were most prevalent (54.4%). The maximum infection rate was in Gustilo IIIB Fractures (40.4%). There was a significant difference in contamination rate between on admission culture (37.0%) and post debridement culture (26.3%). The infection rate from the ward samples was 44.5 %, where the postdebidement contamination was less only 26.3%. But from the ward sample, it again increased to 44.5%. Among the patient entering the ward after debridement with no contamination (73.7%) became infected in 34.62% cases, which indicates hospital-acquired infection. The bacterial resistance patterns from the ward samples were more virulent with multidrug resistance, predominantly Pseudomonas spp. and Kliebsiella spp.\u0000Conclusion: The present study provided insight into the injury characteristics and infection patterns of open fractures of the tibia. Early debridement reduced the contamination, but there was still hospital-acquired infection with more virulent multidrug resistance phenotypes.\u0000Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(2): 205-211","PeriodicalId":8704,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43789946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Bangladesh with its large population is highly vulnerable to the devastating blows of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and rural people are more at risks due to demographic characteristics and unequal health facilities. Currently, focuses are more on testing and clinical management of COVID-19 but initiatives or innovations on behavioural changes are almost unseen to prevent the spread of the disease which is more urgent until getting specific treatment or vaccine. Objective: The study was aimed to determine significant predictors in the preventive health practices during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The study was conducted among 810 rural adults of Bangladesh in 2020. Multistage sampling method was done and data were collected through face-to-face interview using a pretested questionnaire. Significant factors of COVID-19 prevention behaviour were determined through hierarchical regression and path relationships were explained through causal model. Results: Almost half of the rural adults showed poor COVID-19 prevention behaviour during the pandemic crisis. Poor knowledge and attitude regarding COVID-19 prevention were also common scenarios in rural areas. Majority of the rural adults were not well motivated and lack of seriousness made them more vulnerable for COVID-19. Socio-demographic and regional variation showed significance predicting health practices of rural adults regarding COVID-19 prevention. Information, attitude, motivation and intention were also found significant in hierarchical regression to predict the outcome. The causal model of preventive health behaviour was justified through all the significant direct and indirect path relationships (p<0.001). Conclusion: Socio-economic disparity should be reduced for behavioural changes of rural adults to ensure healthy practices during the pandemic. This study has great implications regarding designing health programs by emphasizing significant predictors to improve community behaviour to prevent the spread of coronavirus. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(1): 9-16
{"title":"Preventive Behaviour of Adults and Its Predictors in Response to COVID-19 Pandemic in Rural Bangladesh: Findings from a Community Survey","authors":"Md. Ashraful Alam, Md. Nazmul Haque, Shuvashis Saha, Halima Sultana Haque, Afrin Ahmed Clara, Yesmin Sultana","doi":"10.3329/bmrcb.v47i1.55805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v47i1.55805","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bangladesh with its large population is highly vulnerable to the devastating blows of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and rural people are more at risks due to demographic characteristics and unequal health facilities. Currently, focuses are more on testing and clinical management of COVID-19 but initiatives or innovations on behavioural changes are almost unseen to prevent the spread of the disease which is more urgent until getting specific treatment or vaccine.\u0000Objective: The study was aimed to determine significant predictors in the preventive health practices during COVID-19 pandemic.\u0000Methods: The study was conducted among 810 rural adults of Bangladesh in 2020. Multistage sampling method was done and data were collected through face-to-face interview using a pretested questionnaire. Significant factors of COVID-19 prevention behaviour were determined through hierarchical regression and path relationships were explained through causal model.\u0000Results: Almost half of the rural adults showed poor COVID-19 prevention behaviour during the pandemic crisis. Poor knowledge and attitude regarding COVID-19 prevention were also common scenarios in rural areas. Majority of the rural adults were not well motivated and lack of seriousness made them more vulnerable for COVID-19. Socio-demographic and regional variation showed significance predicting health practices of rural adults regarding COVID-19 prevention. Information, attitude, motivation and intention were also found significant in hierarchical regression to predict the outcome. The causal model of preventive health behaviour was justified through all the significant direct and indirect path relationships (p<0.001).\u0000Conclusion: Socio-economic disparity should be reduced for behavioural changes of rural adults to ensure healthy practices during the pandemic. This study has great implications regarding designing health programs by emphasizing significant predictors to improve community behaviour to prevent the spread of coronavirus.\u0000Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(1): 9-16","PeriodicalId":8704,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43273807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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