Behavioral and Brain Functions最新文献_第3页

Changes in the hippocampal level of tau but not beta-amyloid may mediate anxiety-like behavior improvement ensuing from exercise in diabetic female rats 糖尿病雌性大鼠海马中 tau（而非 beta-淀粉样蛋白）水平的变化可能是运动改善焦虑样行为的介导因素

IF 5.1 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioral and Brain Functions

Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-024-00235-0

Kayvan Khoramipour, Maryam Hossein Rezaei, Amirhossein Moslemizadeh, Mahdieh Sadat Hosseini, Narjes Ebrahimnezhad, Hamideh Bashiri

In the present study, we investigated the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cognitive behaviors in female rats with a high-fat diet + streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetes. Twenty-four female rats were divided into four groups randomly (n = 6): control (C), control + exercise (Co + EX), diabetes mellitus (type 2) (T2D), and diabetes mellitus + exercise (T2D + EX). Diabetes was induced by a two-month high-fat diet and a single dose of STZ (35 mg/kg) in the T2D and T2D + EX groups. The Co + EX and T2D + EX groups performed HIIT for eight weeks (five sessions per week, running on a treadmill at 80–100% of VMax, 4–10 intervals). Elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field test (OFT) were used for assessing anxiety-like behaviors, and passive avoidance test (PAT) and Morris water maze (MWM) were applied for evaluating learning and memory. The hippocampal levels of beta-amyloid (Aβ) and Tau were also assessed using Western blot. An increase in fasting blood glucose (FBG), hippocampal level of Tau, and a decrease in the percentage of open arm time (%OAT) as an index of anxiety-like behavior were seen in the female diabetic rats which could be reversed by HIIT. In addition, T2D led to a significant decrease in rearing and grooming in the OFT. No significant difference among groups was seen for the latency time in the PAT and learning and memory in the MWM. HIIT could improve anxiety-like behavior at least in part through changes in hippocampal levels of Tau.

本研究探讨了高强度间歇训练（HIIT）对高脂饮食+链脲佐菌素（STZ）诱导的2型糖尿病雌性大鼠认知行为的影响。24 只雌性大鼠被随机分为四组（n = 6）：对照组（C）、对照组 + 运动组（Co + EX）、糖尿病（2 型）组（T2D）和糖尿病 + 运动组（T2D + EX）。T2D组和T2D + EX组通过为期两个月的高脂饮食和单剂量STZ（35毫克/千克）诱发糖尿病。Co + EX组和T2D + EX组进行为期八周的HIIT训练（每周五次，在跑步机上以80-100%的VMax速度跑步，每次间隔4-10分钟）。高架加迷宫（EPM）和开阔地测试（OFT）用于评估焦虑样行为，被动回避测试（PAT）和莫里斯水迷宫（MWM）用于评估学习和记忆。此外，还利用Western印迹技术评估了海马中β-淀粉样蛋白（Aβ）和Tau的水平。结果显示，雌性糖尿病大鼠空腹血糖（FBG）升高，海马Tau水平升高，作为焦虑样行为指标的开臂时间百分比（%OAT）下降，而HIIT可以逆转这些变化。此外，T2D 还导致雌性糖尿病大鼠在 OFT 中的饲养和梳理行为显著减少。在 PAT 的潜伏时间以及 MWM 的学习和记忆方面，各组之间没有明显差异。HIIT至少在一定程度上可以通过改变海马的Tau水平来改善焦虑样行为。

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引用次数: 0

IF 5.1 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioral and Brain Functions

Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-024-00237-y

Shaokun Zhao, Feng Sang, Chen Liu, Fei Wang, Jiawen Liu, Chuansheng Chen, Jun Wang, Xin Li, Zhanjun Zhang

Episodic memory (EM) deteriorates as a result of normal aging as well as Alzheimer’s disease. The neural underpinnings of such age-related memory impairments in older individuals are not well-understood. Although previous research has unveiled the association between gray matter volume (GMV) and EM in the elderly population, such findings exhibit variances across distinct age cohorts. Consequently, an investigation into the dynamic evolution of this relationship with advancing age is imperative. The present study utilized a sliding window approach to examine how the correlation between EM and GMV varied with age in a cross-sectional sample of 926 Chinese older adults. We found that both verbal EM (VEM) and spatial EM (SEM) exhibited positive correlations with GMV in extensive areas primarily in the temporal and frontal lobes and that these correlations typically became stronger with older age. Moreover, there were variations in the strength of the correlation between EM and GMV with age, which differed based on sex and the specific type of EM. Specifically, the association between VEM and GMVs in the insula and parietal regions became stronger with age for females but not for males, whereas the association between SEM and GMVs in the parietal and occipital regions became stronger for males but not for females. At the brain system level, there is a significant age-related increase in the correlations between both types of EM and the GMV of both the anterior temporal (AT) system and the posterior medial (PM) system in male group. In females, both types of EM show stronger age-related correlations with the GMV of the AT system compared to males. Our study revealed a significant positive correlation between GMV in most regions associated with EM and age, particularly in the frontal and temporal lobes. This discovery offers new insights into the connection between brain structure and the diminishing episodic memory function among older individuals.

外显记忆（EM）会随着正常衰老和阿尔茨海默病的发生而退化。目前还不十分清楚老年人这种与年龄相关的记忆障碍的神经基础。尽管之前的研究揭示了老年人群灰质体积（GMV）与记忆力之间的关系，但这些研究结果在不同年龄段的人群中表现出差异。因此，研究这种关系随着年龄增长的动态演变势在必行。本研究采用滑动窗口法，在 926 位中国老年人的横断面样本中研究了 EM 与 GMV 之间的相关性如何随年龄而变化。我们发现，在主要位于颞叶和额叶的广泛区域，言语 EM（VEM）和空间 EM（SEM）均与 GMV 呈正相关，而且这些相关性通常随着年龄的增长而增强。此外，EM 与 GMV 之间的相关性强度随年龄的增长而变化，并因性别和 EM 的具体类型而异。具体来说，随着年龄的增长，女性的脑岛和顶叶区的VEM与GMV之间的相关性变得更强，而男性则不然；而男性的顶叶和枕叶区的SEM与GMV之间的相关性变得更强，女性则不然。在大脑系统水平上，男性组的两种 EM 与颞叶前部（AT）系统和内侧后部（PM）系统的 GMV 之间的相关性都随着年龄的增长而显著增加。与男性相比，女性两种EM与AT系统GMV的年龄相关性更强。我们的研究发现，与EM相关的大多数区域的GMV与年龄之间存在明显的正相关，尤其是在额叶和颞叶。这一发现为我们了解大脑结构与老年人记忆功能减退之间的联系提供了新的视角。

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引用次数: 0

Beyond visual integration: sensitivity of the temporal-parietal junction for objects, places, and faces 超越视觉整合：颞顶交界处对物体、地点和面孔的敏感性

IF 5.1 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioral and Brain Functions

Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-024-00233-2

Johannes Rennig, Christina Langenberger, Hans-Otto Karnath

One important role of the TPJ is the contribution to perception of the global gist in hierarchically organized stimuli where individual elements create a global visual percept. However, the link between clinical findings in simultanagnosia and neuroimaging in healthy subjects is missing for real-world global stimuli, like visual scenes. It is well-known that hierarchical, global stimuli activate TPJ regions and that simultanagnosia patients show deficits during the recognition of hierarchical stimuli and real-world visual scenes. However, the role of the TPJ in real-world scene processing is entirely unexplored. In the present study, we first localized TPJ regions significantly responding to the global gist of hierarchical stimuli and then investigated the responses to visual scenes, as well as single objects and faces as control stimuli. All three stimulus classes evoked significantly positive univariate responses in the previously localized TPJ regions. In a multivariate analysis, we were able to demonstrate that voxel patterns of the TPJ were classified significantly above chance level for all three stimulus classes. These results demonstrate a significant involvement of the TPJ in processing of complex visual stimuli that is not restricted to visual scenes and that the TPJ is sensitive to different classes of visual stimuli with a specific signature of neuronal activations. Left and right hemispheric TPJ regions show comparable BOLD univariate responses to different object classes (objects, faces, places). Demonstration that the TPJ has unique activation patterns for the different object classes. Specifically positive activations for TPJ regions are significantly involved in global perception compared to TPJ regions not responding to global shapes. Above chance level decoding of objects, faces, and places from TPJ regions are involved in global perception.

TPJ 的一个重要作用是在分层组织的刺激中帮助感知整体要旨，在这种刺激中，单个元素会产生整体视觉感知。然而，在现实世界的全局性刺激（如视觉场景）中，同时性失认症的临床发现与健康受试者的神经影像之间却缺乏联系。众所周知，分层的全局性刺激会激活 TPJ 区域，同时性失认症患者在识别分层刺激和真实世界视觉场景时会出现障碍。然而，TPJ 在真实世界场景处理中的作用却完全未被探索。在本研究中，我们首先定位了对层次刺激的全局要点有显著反应的 TPJ 区域，然后研究了对视觉场景以及作为对照刺激的单个物体和人脸的反应。所有这三类刺激都在之前定位的 TPJ 区域引起了明显的正向单变量反应。在多元分析中，我们能够证明 TPJ 的体素模式在所有三种刺激类别中的分类都明显高于偶然水平。这些结果表明，TPJ 在处理复杂的视觉刺激时有很大的参与性，而这种参与并不局限于视觉场景，而且 TPJ 对不同类别的视觉刺激很敏感，其神经元激活具有特定的特征。左右半球 TPJ 区域对不同物体类别（物体、人脸、地点）显示出相似的 BOLD 单变量反应。证明 TPJ 对不同物体类别具有独特的激活模式。与对整体形状无反应的 TPJ 区域相比，TPJ 区域的正激活明显参与了整体感知。TPJ区域对物体、面孔和地点的解码超过了全局感知的机会水平。

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引用次数: 0

Loss of GDE2 leads to complex behavioral changes including memory impairment GDE2 的缺失会导致复杂的行为变化，包括记忆障碍

IF 5.1 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioral and Brain Functions

Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-024-00234-1

Daniel Daudelin, Anna Westerhaus, Nan Zhang, Erica Leyder, Alena Savonenko, Shanthini Sockanathan

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal dementia (ALS/FTD) are debilitating neurodegenerative diseases for which there are currently no cures. Familial cases with known genetic causes make up less than 10% of these diseases, and little is known about the underlying mechanisms that contribute to sporadic disease. Accordingly, it is important to expand investigations into possible pathways that may contribute to disease pathophysiology. Glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase 2 (GDE2 or GDPD5) is a membrane-bound enzyme that acts at the cell surface to cleave the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor that tethers distinct proteins to the membrane. GDE2 abnormally accumulates in intracellular compartments in the brain of patients with AD, ALS, and ALS/FTD, indicative of GDE2 dysfunction. Mice lacking GDE2 (Gde2KO) show neurodegenerative changes such as neuronal loss, reduced synaptic proteins and synapse loss, and increased Aβ deposition, raising the possibility that GDE2 disruption in disease might contribute to disease pathophysiology. However, the effect of GDE2 loss on behavioral function and learning/memory has not been characterized. Here, we show that GDE2 is expressed throughout the adult mouse brain in areas including the cortex, hippocampus, habenula, thalamus, and amygdala. Gde2KO and WT mice were tested in a set of behavioral tasks between 7 and 16 months of age. Compared to WT, Gde2KO mice display moderate hyperactivity that becomes more pronounced with age across a variety of behavioral tests assessing novelty-induced exploratory activity. Additionally, Gde2KO mice show reduced startle response, with females showing additional defects in prepulse inhibition. No changes in anxiety-associated behaviors were found, but Gde2KOs show reduced sociability. Notably, aged Gde2KO mice demonstrate impaired short/long-term spatial memory and cued fear memory/secondary contextual fear acquisition. Taken together, these observations suggest that loss of GDE2 leads to behavioral deficits, some of which are seen in neurodegenerative disease models, implying that loss of GDE2 may be an important contributor to phenotypes associated with neurodegeneration.

阿尔茨海默病（AD）和肌萎缩侧索硬化症/颞前痴呆症（ALS/FTD）是一种使人衰弱的神经退行性疾病，目前尚无治疗方法。在这些疾病中，已知遗传原因的家族性病例不到 10%，人们对导致散发性疾病的潜在机制知之甚少。因此，扩大对可能导致疾病病理生理学的可能途径的研究非常重要。甘油磷酸二酯磷酸二酯酶 2（GDE2 或 GDPD5）是一种膜结合酶，可在细胞表面裂解将不同蛋白质拴在膜上的糖基磷脂酰肌醇（GPI）锚。在注意力缺失症、肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症和肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症/后天性肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症患者的大脑中，GDE2 在细胞内异常积聚，表明 GDE2 功能障碍。缺乏 GDE2 的小鼠（Gde2KO）表现出神经退行性病变，如神经元缺失、突触蛋白减少和突触缺失，以及 Aβ 沉积增加。然而，GDE2缺失对行为功能和学习/记忆的影响尚未定性。在这里，我们发现 GDE2 表达于成年小鼠大脑的各个区域，包括皮层、海马、哈贝脑、丘脑和杏仁核。我们对 Gde2KO 和 WT 小鼠在 7 到 16 个月大期间进行了一系列行为任务测试。与 WT 小鼠相比，Gde2KO 小鼠表现出中度多动，而且随着年龄的增长，这种多动在各种评估新奇事物诱发的探索活动的行为测试中变得更加明显。此外，Gde2KO 小鼠的惊吓反应减弱，雌性小鼠还表现出额外的前脉冲抑制缺陷。焦虑相关行为没有发生变化，但 Gde2KOs 的交际能力下降。值得注意的是，老龄 Gde2KO 小鼠的短期/长期空间记忆和诱导恐惧记忆/次级情境恐惧获得能力受损。综上所述，这些观察结果表明，GDE2 的缺失会导致行为缺陷，其中一些在神经退行性疾病模型中也能看到，这意味着 GDE2 的缺失可能是导致神经退行性疾病相关表型的一个重要因素。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancement of neurogenesis and cognition through intranasal co-delivery of galanin receptor 2 (GALR2) and neuropeptide Y receptor 1 (NPY1R) agonists: a potential pharmacological strategy for cognitive dysfunctions. 通过鼻内联合给药加拉宁受体 2 (GALR2) 和神经肽 Y 受体 1 (NPY1R) 激动剂增强神经发生和认知能力：治疗认知功能障碍的潜在药理学策略。

IF 5.1 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioral and Brain Functions

Pub Date : 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-024-00230-5

Raquel Sánchez-Varo, Alexander López-Salas, Rasiel Beltran-Casanueva, Estela Díaz-Sánchez, Jose Erik Alvarez-Contino, Miguel Angel Barbancho-Fernández, Pedro Serrano-Castro, Kjell Fuxe, Dasiel O Borroto-Escuela, Natalia García-Casares, Manuel Narváez

Background: Spatial memory deficits and reduced neuronal survival contribute to cognitive decline seen in the aging process. Current treatments are limited, emphasizing the need for innovative therapeutic strategies. This research explored the combined effects of intranasally co-administered galanin receptor 2 (GALR2) and neuropeptide Y1 receptor (NPY1R) agonists, recognized for their neural benefits, on spatial memory, neuronal survival, and differentiation in adult rats. After intranasal co-delivery of the GALR2 agonist M1145 and a NPY1R agonist to adult rats, spatial memory was tested with the object-in-place task 3 weeks later. We examined neuronal survival and differentiation by assessing BrdU-IR profiles and doublecortin (DCX) labeled cells, respectively. We also used the GALR2 antagonist M871 to confirm GALR2's crucial role in promoting cell growth.

Results: Co-administration improved spatial memory and increased the survival rate of mature neurons. The positive effect of GALR2 in cell proliferation was confirmed by the nullifying effects of its antagonist. The treatment boosted DCX-labeled newborn neurons and altered dendritic morphology, increasing cells with mature dendrites.

Conclusions: Our results show that intranasal co-delivery of GALR2 and NPY1R agonists improves spatial memory, boosts neuronal survival, and influences neuronal differentiation in adult rats. The significant role of GALR2 is emphasized, suggesting new potential therapeutic strategies for cognitive decline.

背景：空间记忆缺陷和神经元存活率降低是衰老过程中认知能力下降的原因。目前的治疗方法有限，因此需要创新的治疗策略。本研究探讨了鼻内联合给药的加兰宁受体 2（GALR2）和神经肽 Y1 受体（NPY1R）激动剂对成年大鼠空间记忆、神经元存活和分化的综合影响。成年大鼠经鼻内联合给药 GALR2 激动剂 M1145 和 NPY1R 激动剂后，3 周后接受原地取物任务的空间记忆测试。我们分别通过评估BrdU-IR图谱和双皮质素（DCX）标记细胞来检测神经元的存活和分化情况。我们还使用了 GALR2 拮抗剂 M871 来证实 GALR2 在促进细胞生长方面的关键作用：结果：联合给药改善了空间记忆并提高了成熟神经元的存活率。GALR2拮抗剂的无效作用证实了GALR2对细胞增殖的积极作用。治疗可提高DCX标记的新生神经元数量，改变树突形态，增加具有成熟树突的细胞数量：我们的研究结果表明，鼻内联合给药 GALR2 和 NPY1R 激动剂可改善成年大鼠的空间记忆、提高神经元存活率并影响神经元分化。GALR2 的重要作用得到了强调，为治疗认知功能衰退提出了新的潜在治疗策略。

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引用次数: 0

An automatic system for recognizing fly courtship patterns via an image processing method. 通过图像处理方法识别苍蝇求偶模式的自动系统。

IF 5.1 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioral and Brain Functions

Pub Date : 2024-03-16 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-024-00231-4

Ching-Hsin Chen, Yu-Chiao Lin, Sheng-Hao Wang, Tsung-Han Kuo, Hung-Yin Tsai

Fruit fly courtship behaviors composed of a series of actions have always been an important model for behavioral research. While most related studies have focused only on total courtship behaviors, specific courtship elements have often been underestimated. Identifying these courtship element details is extremely labor intensive and would largely benefit from an automatic recognition system. To address this issue, in this study, we established a vision-based fly courtship behavior recognition system. The system based on the proposed image processing methods can precisely distinguish body parts such as the head, thorax, and abdomen and automatically recognize specific courtship elements, including orientation, singing, attempted copulation, copulation and tapping, which was not detectable in previous studies. This system, which has high identity tracking accuracy (99.99%) and high behavioral element recognition rates (> 97.35%), can ensure correct identification even when flies completely overlap. Using this newly developed system, we investigated the total courtship time, and proportion, and transition of courtship elements in flies across different ages and found that male flies adjusted their courtship strategy in response to their physical condition. We also identified differences in courtship patterns between males with and without successful copulation. Our study therefore demonstrated how image processing methods can be applied to automatically recognize complex animal behaviors. The newly developed system will largely help us investigate the details of fly courtship in future research.

由一系列动作组成的果蝇求偶行为一直是行为学研究的重要模型。虽然大多数相关研究都只关注求偶行为的整体，但具体的求偶要素往往被低估。识别这些求偶要素的细节极其耗费精力，而自动识别系统则能在很大程度上解决这一问题。为了解决这个问题，我们在本研究中建立了一个基于视觉的苍蝇求偶行为识别系统。该系统基于所提出的图像处理方法，可精确区分头部、胸部和腹部等身体部位，并自动识别特定的求偶要素，包括定向、歌唱、尝试交配、交配和拍打等，而这些在以往的研究中是无法检测到的。该系统具有较高的身份跟踪准确率（99.99%）和较高的行为要素识别率（> 97.35%），即使在苍蝇完全重叠的情况下也能确保正确识别。利用这一新开发的系统，我们研究了不同年龄段苍蝇的求偶总时间、比例以及求偶要素的转换，发现雄蝇会根据身体状况调整其求偶策略。我们还发现了交配成功和未交配成功的雄蝇在求偶模式上的差异。因此，我们的研究展示了如何应用图像处理方法来自动识别复杂的动物行为。新开发的系统将在很大程度上帮助我们在未来的研究中探究苍蝇求偶的细节。

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引用次数: 0

Changes in effective connectivity during the visual-motor integration tasks: a preliminary f-NIRS study. 视觉-运动整合任务中有效连通性的变化：f-NIRS 初步研究。

IF 5.1 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioral and Brain Functions

Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-024-00232-3

Wenchen Wang, Haimei Li, Yufeng Wang, Lu Liu, Qiujin Qian

Background: Visual-motor integration (VMI) is an essential skill in daily life. The present study aimed to use functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) technology to explore the effective connectivity (EC) changes among brain regions during VMI activities of varying difficulty levels.

Methods: A total of 17 healthy participants were recruited for the study. Continuous Performance Test (CPT), Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version (BRIEF-A), and Beery VMI test were used to evaluate attention performance, executive function, and VMI performance. Granger causality analysis was performed for the VMI task data to obtain the EC matrix for all participants. One-way ANOVA analysis was used to identify VMI load-dependent EC values among different task difficulty levels from brain network and channel perspectives, and partial correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between VMI load-dependent EC values and behavioral performance.

Results: We found that the EC values of dorsal attention network (DAN) → default mode network (DMN), DAN → ventral attention network (VAN), DAN → frontoparietal network (FPN), and DAN → somatomotor network (SMN) in the complex condition were higher than those in the simple and moderate conditions. Further channel analyses indicated that the EC values of the right superior parietal lobule (SPL) → right superior frontal gyrus (SFG), right middle occipital gyrus (MOG) → left SFG, and right MOG → right postcentral gyrus (PCG) in the complex condition were higher than those in the simple and moderate conditions. Subsequent partial correlation analysis revealed that the EC values from DAN to DMN, VAN, and SMN were positively correlated with executive function and VMI performance. Furthermore, the EC values of right MOG → left SFG and right MOG → right PCG were positively correlated with attention performance.

Conclusions: The DAN is actively involved during the VMI task and thus may play a critical role in VMI processes, in which two key brain regions (right SPL, right MOG) may contribute to the EC changes in response to increasing VMI load. Meanwhile, bilateral SFG and right PCG may also be closely related to the VMI performance.

背景介绍视觉-运动整合（VMI）是日常生活中的一项基本技能。本研究旨在利用功能性近红外光谱（fNIRS）技术探讨在不同难度的视觉-运动整合活动中大脑区域之间的有效连接（EC）变化：研究共招募了 17 名健康参与者。连续表现测试（CPT）、执行功能行为评定量表-成人版（BRIEF-A）和 Beery VMI 测试用于评估注意力表现、执行功能和 VMI 表现。对 VMI 任务数据进行了格兰杰因果关系分析，以获得所有参与者的 EC 矩阵。通过单因素方差分析，从大脑网络和通道的角度确定了不同任务难度下与 VMI 负荷相关的 EC 值，并通过偏相关分析探讨了与 VMI 负荷相关的 EC 值与行为表现之间的关系：我们发现，复杂条件下背侧注意网络（DAN）→默认模式网络（DMN）、DAN→腹侧注意网络（VAN）、DAN→前顶叶网络（FPN）和DAN→体动网络（SMN）的EC值均高于简单和中等条件下的EC值。进一步的通道分析表明，复杂条件下右侧顶叶上回（SPL）→右侧额叶上回（SFG）、右侧枕中回（MOG）→左侧额叶上回（SFG）和右侧枕中回（MOG）→右侧中央后回（PCG）的EC值均高于简单和中等条件下的EC值。随后的偏相关分析表明，从DAN到DMN、VAN和SMN的EC值与执行功能和VMI表现呈正相关。此外，右MOG→左SFG和右MOG→右PCG的EC值与注意力表现呈正相关：DAN在VMI任务中积极参与，因此可能在VMI过程中发挥关键作用，其中两个关键脑区（右SPL、右MOG）可能有助于EC随着VMI负荷的增加而发生变化。同时，双侧 SFG 和右侧 PCG 也可能与 VMI 表现密切相关。

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引用次数: 0

The role of melatonin deficiency induced by pinealectomy on motor activity and anxiety responses in young adult, middle-aged and old rats 松果体切除术诱导的褪黑激素缺乏对青年、中年和老年大鼠运动活动和焦虑反应的影响

IF 5.1 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioral and Brain Functions

Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-024-00229-y

Jana Tchekalarova, Desislava Krushovlieva, Petj Ivanova, Zlatina Nenchovska, Gergana Toteva, Milena Atanasova

Aging affects anxiety levels in rats while the pineal gland, via its hormone melatonin, could modulate their inherited life “clock.” The present study aimed to explore the impact of plasma melatonin deficiency on anxiety responses and the possible involvement of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis and heat shock proteins (Hsp) 70 and 90 in the frontal cortex (FC) and the hippocampus in young adult, middle-aged and elderly rats with pinealectomy. Melatonin deficiency induced at different life stages did not affect the lifespan of rats. Pinealectomy abolished the circadian rhythm of motor activity, measured for 48 h in the actimeter, in young adult but not in middle-aged rats. Pinealectomy reduced the motor activity of the young adult rats during the dark phase and impaired the diurnal activity variations of old rats. The same generations (3- and 18 month-old rats with pinealectomy) had lower anxiety levels than the matched sham groups, measured in three tests: elevated-plus maze, light–dark test, and novelty-suppressed feeding test. While the activity of the HPA axis remained intact in young adult and middle-aged rats with melatonin deficiency, a high baseline corticosterone level and blunted stress-induced mechanism of its release were detected in the oldest rats. Age-associated reduced Hsp 70 and 90 levels in the FC but not in the hippocampus were detected. Pinealectomy diminished the expression of Hsp 70 in the FC of middle-aged rats compared to the matched sham rats. Our results suggest that while melatonin hormonal dysfunction impaired the motor activity in the actimeter and emotional behavior in young adult and elderly rats, the underlying pathogenic mechanism in these generations might be different and needs further verification.

衰老会影响大鼠的焦虑水平，而松果体通过其激素褪黑激素可以调节大鼠遗传的生命 "时钟"。本研究旨在探讨血浆褪黑激素缺乏对焦虑反应的影响，以及下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质（HPA）轴和额叶皮质（FC）及海马中的热休克蛋白（Hsp）70和90对切除松果体的年轻成年大鼠、中年大鼠和老年大鼠的可能参与。在不同生命阶段诱导褪黑激素缺乏不会影响大鼠的寿命。切除松果体后，年轻成年大鼠（而非中年大鼠）的运动活动昼夜节律被取消了。松果体切除术减少了年轻成年大鼠在黑暗阶段的运动活动，并损害了老年大鼠的昼夜活动变化。同一代大鼠（切除松果体的3个月和18个月大鼠）的焦虑水平低于匹配的假组，这是在三项测试中测得的：高架加迷宫、光-暗测试和新奇抑制喂食测试。虽然褪黑激素缺乏的年轻成年大鼠和中年大鼠的 HPA 轴活动保持完好，但在最年长的大鼠身上却发现了较高的皮质酮基线水平和应激诱导的皮质酮释放机制减弱。在 FC 中检测到与年龄相关的 Hsp 70 和 90 水平降低，而在海马中未检测到。与匹配的假大鼠相比，松果体切除术降低了中年大鼠 FC 中 Hsp 70 的表达。我们的研究结果表明，虽然褪黑素激素功能障碍会损害年轻成年大鼠和老年大鼠的动觉器运动活动和情绪行为，但这两代大鼠的潜在致病机制可能不同，需要进一步验证。

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引用次数: 0

Structural connectome alterations between individuals with autism and neurotypical controls using feature representation learning. 利用特征表征学习，研究自闭症患者与神经典型对照组之间的结构连接组改变。

IF 4.7 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioral and Brain Functions

Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-024-00228-z

Yurim Jang, Hyoungshin Choi, Seulki Yoo, Hyunjin Park, Bo-Yong Park

Autism spectrum disorder is one of the most common neurodevelopmental conditions associated with sensory and social communication impairments. Previous neuroimaging studies reported that atypical nodal- or network-level functional brain organization in individuals with autism was associated with autistic behaviors. Although dimensionality reduction techniques have the potential to uncover new biomarkers, the analysis of whole-brain structural connectome abnormalities in a low-dimensional latent space is underinvestigated. In this study, we utilized autoencoder-based feature representation learning for diffusion magnetic resonance imaging-based structural connectivity in 80 individuals with autism and 61 neurotypical controls that passed strict quality controls. We generated low-dimensional latent features using the autoencoder model for each group and adopted an integrated gradient approach to assess the contribution of the input data for predicting latent features during the encoding process. Subsequently, we compared the integrated gradient values between individuals with autism and neurotypical controls and observed differences within the transmodal regions and between the sensory and limbic systems. Finally, we identified significant associations between integrated gradient values and communication abilities in individuals with autism. Our findings provide insights into the whole-brain structural connectome in autism and may help identify potential biomarkers for autistic connectopathy.

自闭症谱系障碍是最常见的神经发育疾病之一，与感官和社会交流障碍有关。之前的神经影像学研究报告称，自闭症患者的非典型节点或网络级大脑功能组织与自闭症行为有关。虽然降维技术有可能发现新的生物标志物，但在低维潜在空间中分析全脑结构连接组异常的研究还很欠缺。在这项研究中，我们利用基于自动编码器的特征表示学习，对通过严格质量控制的 80 名自闭症患者和 61 名神经典型对照者进行了基于扩散磁共振成像的结构连接性分析。我们使用自动编码器模型为每个组别生成低维潜在特征，并采用综合梯度方法评估输入数据在编码过程中对预测潜在特征的贡献。随后，我们比较了自闭症患者和神经畸形对照组之间的综合梯度值，并观察到跨模态区域内部以及感觉和边缘系统之间的差异。最后，我们确定了自闭症患者的综合梯度值与沟通能力之间的重要关联。我们的研究结果为自闭症患者的全脑结构连接组提供了深入的见解，并可能有助于确定自闭症连接病的潜在生物标记物。

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引用次数: 0

Behavioral characterization of early nicotine withdrawal in the mouse: a potential model of acute dependence 小鼠早期尼古丁戒断的行为特征：急性依赖性的潜在模型

IF 5.1 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioral and Brain Functions

Pub Date : 2024-01-13 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-024-00227-0

Baeksun Kim, Heh-In Im

引用次数: 0