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Increased basolateral amygdala metabolic activity during flavor familiarization: an experimental study. 熟悉味道时杏仁基底外侧代谢活动增加:一项实验研究。
IF 4.7 2区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-02-03 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-023-00206-x
Sergio Menchén-Márquez, María Banqueri, Beatriz Gómez-Chacón, Jorge L Arias, Milagros Gallo

Background: Novel flavors elicit a cautious neophobic response which is attenuated as the flavor becomes familiar and safe. The attenuation of neophobia reveals the formation of a safe memory. Previous lesion studies in rats have reported that basolateral amygdala integrity is required for taste neophobia, but not neophobia to flavor, i.e., taste linked to an odorous component. Accordingly, immunohistochemical analyses show that novel tastes induced higher basolateral amygdala activity when compared to familiar ones. However, a different role of basolateral amygdala in flavor attenuation of neophobia is suggested by lesion studies using a vinegar solution. Studies assessing basolateral amygdala activity during flavor attenuation of neophobia are lacking. Thus, we quantified cytochrome oxidase as an index of basolateral amygdala activity along the first and second vinegar exposures in order to assess flavor neophobia and attenuation of neophobia.

Methods: We exposed adult male Wistar rats either once or twice to a 3% cider vinegar solution or water, and compared the basolateral amygdala, piriform cortex and caudate putamen brain metabolic activity using cytochrome c-oxidase histochemistry.

Results: We found increased flavor intake and cytochrome c-oxidase histochemistry activity during the second exposure in basolateral amygdala, but not in the piriform cortex and caudate/putamen.

Conclusions: The main finding of the study is that BLA metabolic activity was higher in the group exposed to a familiar vinegar solution than in the groups exposed to either water or a novel vinegar solution.

背景:新奇的味道会引起一种谨慎的新恐惧反应,这种反应会随着味道变得熟悉和安全而减弱。新口味恐惧症的减弱揭示了安全记忆的形成。之前对大鼠进行的病变研究表明,味觉新恐惧需要杏仁基底外侧的完整性,但对味道(即与气味成分相关的味道)的新恐惧则不需要。相应地,免疫组化分析表明,与熟悉的味道相比,新的味道会诱发更高的杏仁基底外侧活动。然而,使用醋溶液进行的病变研究表明,杏仁基底外侧在味觉减弱新恐惧症中扮演着不同的角色。目前还没有研究评估杏仁基底外侧在厌恶新事物的味道衰减过程中的活动。因此,我们量化了细胞色素氧化酶,作为第一次和第二次醋暴露时杏仁基底外侧活动的指标,以评估味道新恐惧症和新恐惧症的衰减:我们将成年雄性 Wistar 大鼠暴露于 3% 苹果醋溶液或水一次或两次,并使用细胞色素 c- 氧化酶组织化学方法比较了杏仁基底外侧、梨状皮层和尾状核的脑代谢活动:结果:我们发现,在第二次接触过程中,杏仁基底外侧的香精摄入量和细胞色素 c- 氧化酶组织化学反应活性增加,但梨状皮层和尾状/普坦的活性没有增加:本研究的主要发现是,与接触水或新醋溶液的组相比,接触熟悉醋溶液的组的杏仁核代谢活性更高。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of combination fluoxetine and exercise on prefrontal BDNF, anxiety-like behavior and fear extinction in a female rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): a comparison with male animals. 氟西汀联合运动对创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)雌性模型大鼠前额叶BDNF、焦虑样行为和恐惧消退的影响:与雄性动物的比较
IF 5.1 2区 心理学 Q1 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2023-01-16 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-023-00204-z
Sakineh Shafia, Farkhonde Nikkhah, Kobra Akhoundzadeh

Despite significant differences between men and women in the symptoms of PTSD and the response to therapeutic interventions, most PTSD studies have been done on male subjects. Continuing our previous study in male rats, this study aimed at better understanding the effect of a combination therapy of exercise with fluoxetine on female PTSD rats. The results were then compared with our past findings in male animals. Female adult Wistar rats subjected to PTSD were treated with moderate treadmill exercise or fluoxetine, or a combination of both. PTSD was induced by the single prolonged stress (SPS) model. Elevated plus-maze (EPM), serum and prefrontal BDNF, and fear extinctions were evaluated. The results showed that exercise plus fluoxetine decreased anxiety-like behavior, improved fear extinction, and increased BDNF changes in female rats. The effects of exercise alone were comparable with those of combination therapy except that combination therapy was more effective on OAT (open arm entry). The majority of results in female rats, except for those of prefrontal BDNF, 4th extinction, and OAT, were similar to those of male rats as shown in our previous study. According to our findings, exercise as a safe and cost-effective intervention can be considered as a complementary efficient option for PTSD treatment in both sexes. To achieve better treatment outcomes in PTSD patient, considering sex differences is recommended.

尽管男性和女性在PTSD的症状和对治疗干预的反应上存在显著差异,但大多数PTSD研究都是在男性受试者身上进行的。继续我们之前对雄性大鼠的研究,本研究旨在更好地了解运动与氟西汀联合治疗对雌性创伤后应激障碍大鼠的影响。然后将结果与我们过去在雄性动物中的发现进行比较。患有创伤后应激障碍的雌性成年Wistar大鼠接受中度跑步机运动或氟西汀治疗,或两者结合。单次延长应激(SPS)模型诱发PTSD。评估升高的正迷宫(EPM)、血清和前额叶BDNF以及恐惧消退。结果表明,运动加氟西汀减少了雌性大鼠的焦虑样行为,改善了恐惧消退,增加了BDNF的变化。单独运动的效果与联合治疗的效果相当,除了联合治疗对OAT(张开手臂进入)更有效。雌性大鼠除前额叶BDNF、第四灭绝、OAT外,大部分结果与我们前期研究中雄性大鼠的结果相似。根据我们的研究结果,运动作为一种安全且具有成本效益的干预措施,可以被认为是男女创伤后应激障碍治疗的补充有效选择。为使PTSD患者获得更好的治疗效果,建议考虑性别差异。
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引用次数: 1
Expectation modulates the preferential processing of task-irrelevant fear in the attentional blink: evidence from event-related potentials. 期望调节注意眨眼中任务无关恐惧的优先加工:来自事件相关电位的证据。
IF 5.1 2区 心理学 Q1 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2022-12-14 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-022-00203-6
Meng Sun, Chenyang Shang, Xi Jia, Fang Liu, Lixia Cui, Ping Wei, Qin Zhang

Background: Reporting the second of the two targets is impaired when it occurs 200-500 ms after the first, the phenomenon in the study of consciousness is the attentional blink (AB). In the AB task, both the emotional salience and the expectation of the second target increase the likelihood of that target being consciously reported. Yet, little is known about how expectations modulate the prioritized processing of affective stimuli. We examined the role of expecting fearful expression when processing fear in an AB task. Participants were presented with an AB task where the 2nd target (T2) is either a fearful face or a neutral face, and had to report the target's gender. The frequency of fearful to neutral faces on a given block was manipulated, such that participants could either expect more or less fearful faces.

Results: In the Experiment 1, we found that fearful faces were more likely to be recognized than neutral faces during the blink period (lag3) when participants were not expecting a fearful face (low fear-expectation); however, high fear-expectation increased the discrimination of fearful T2 than neutral T2 outside the blink period (lag8). In the Experiment 2, we assessed ERP brain activity in response to perceived T2 during the blink period. The results revealed that fearful faces elicited larger P300 amplitudes compared to neutral faces, but only in the low fear-expectation condition, suggesting that expecting a fearful expression can suppress the processing of task-irrelevant facial expression and unexpected fearful expression can break through this suppression. Fearful T2 elicited larger vertex positive potential (VPP) amplitudes than neutral T2, and this affective effect was independent of fear-expectation. Since no effect of expectation was found on the VPP amplitude while P300 exhibited significant interaction between expectation and expression, this suggests that expectations modulate emotional processing at a later stage, after the fearful face has been differentially processed.

Conclusions: These results provided clear evidence for the contribution of the expectation to the prioritized processing of second affective stimuli in the AB.

背景:当第二个目标在第一个目标后200-500毫秒出现时,第二个目标受损,这是意识研究中的一种现象,即注意眨眼(attention blink, AB)。在AB任务中,情绪显著性和对第二个目标的期望都增加了该目标被有意识报告的可能性。然而,对于期望如何调节情感刺激的优先处理,我们知之甚少。我们考察了预期恐惧表达在处理AB任务中的作用。参与者被提出了一个AB任务,其中第二个目标(T2)要么是一张恐惧的脸,要么是一张中性的脸,并且必须报告目标的性别。在给定的街区中,恐惧面孔和中立面孔出现的频率是被操纵的,这样参与者可以预期更多或更少的恐惧面孔。结果:在实验1中,我们发现当被试不期望看到恐惧面孔(低恐惧期望)时,在眨眼期(lag3),恐惧面孔比中性面孔更容易被识别;然而,在眨眼期外,高恐惧期望增加了恐惧T2比中性T2的辨别能力(lag8)。在实验2中,我们评估了在眨眼期间ERP脑活动对感知T2的反应。结果显示,恐惧面孔比中性面孔诱发的P300波幅更大,但仅在低恐惧期望条件下,这表明期待恐惧表情可以抑制与任务无关的面部表情加工,而意外恐惧表情可以突破这种抑制。恐惧T2诱导的顶点正电位(VPP)波幅大于中性T2,且这种影响与恐惧-期望无关。由于期望对VPP振幅没有影响,而P300在期望和表情之间表现出显著的交互作用,这表明在恐惧面孔被差异处理后,期望调节了后期的情绪加工。结论:这些结果为期望对第二情感刺激优先加工的贡献提供了明确的证据。
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引用次数: 1
Exposure to violence is associated with decreased neural connectivity in emotion regulation and cognitive control, but not working memory, networks after accounting for socioeconomic status: a preliminary study. 一项初步研究表明,接触暴力与情绪调节和认知控制中的神经连通性下降有关,但与工作记忆和社会经济地位后的网络无关。
IF 5.1 2区 心理学 Q1 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2022-12-12 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-022-00201-8
Samantha R Mattheiss, Hillary Levinson, Miriam Rosenberg-Lee, William W Graves

Previous research has demonstrated behavioral and neural differences associated with experiencing adversity. However, adversity is unlikely to be a monolithic construct, and we expect that examining effects of more specific components such as exposure to violence in the home community will yield more concretely interpretable results. Here we account for effects of low socioeconomic status (SES) to examine the specific effects of exposure to violence on functional connectivity between brain areas known to be related to emotion regulation and working memory. Decreased resting state functional connectivity for individuals exposed to high compared to low levels of violence during childhood was predicted for two sets of areas: (1) bilateral amygdala with anterior medial regions involved in cognitive control of emotion, and (2) the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) with frontal and parietal regions implicated in working memory. Consistent with our predictions, increasing exposure to violence was related to decreased resting state functional connectivity between the right amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex, even after accounting for SES. Also after accounting for SES, exposure to violence was related to reductions in connectivity between the right dlPFC and frontal regions, but not with parietal regions typically associated with working memory. Overall, this pattern suggests increased exposure to violence in childhood is associated with reduced connectivity among key areas of the circuitry involved in emotion regulation and cognitive control, but not working memory. These results offer insight into the neural underpinnings of behavioral outcomes associated with exposure to violence, laying the foundation for ultimately designing interventions to address the effects of such exposure.

先前的研究已经证明了与经历逆境有关的行为和神经差异。然而,逆境不太可能是一个单一的结构,我们期望研究更具体的因素的影响,如家庭社区中的暴力暴露,将产生更具体的可解释的结果。在这里,我们考虑了低社会经济地位(SES)的影响,以研究暴露于暴力对已知与情绪调节和工作记忆相关的大脑区域之间功能连接的具体影响。研究预测,儿童时期暴露于高水平暴力与低水平暴力的个体在静息状态下的功能连通性降低的两个区域是:(1)与情绪认知控制有关的双侧杏仁核前内侧区域;(2)与工作记忆有关的右背外侧前额叶皮层(dlPFC)与额叶和顶叶区域有关。与我们的预测一致,即使在考虑了SES之后,暴力暴露的增加与右杏仁核和前扣带皮层之间的静息状态功能连接的减少有关。同样,在考虑了SES之后,暴露于暴力与右侧dlPFC和额叶区域之间的连接减少有关,但与通常与工作记忆相关的顶叶区域无关。总的来说,这种模式表明,童年时期接触暴力的次数增加,与情绪调节和认知控制回路关键区域之间的连通性降低有关,但与工作记忆无关。这些结果提供了对与暴力接触相关的行为结果的神经基础的深入了解,为最终设计干预措施以解决这种接触的影响奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
Children's inhibition skills are associated with their P3a latency-results from an exploratory study. 儿童的抑制能力与其P3a潜伏期有关——一项探索性研究的结果。
IF 5.1 2区 心理学 Q1 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-022-00202-7
Tanja Linnavalli, Outi Lahti, Minna Törmänen, Mari Tervaniemi, Benjamin Ultan Cowley

Background: The P3a response is thought to reflect involuntary orienting to an unexpected stimulus and has been connected with set-shifting and inhibition in some studies. In our exploratory study, we investigated if the amplitude and the latency of the P3a response were associated with the performance in a modified flanker task measuring inhibition and set-shifting in 10-year-old children (N = 42). Children participated in electroencephalography (EEG) measurement with an auditory multifeature paradigm including standard, deviating, and novel sounds. In addition, they performed a separate flanker task requiring inhibition and set-shifting skills.

Results: The P3a latencies for deviant sounds were associated with the reaction time reflecting inhibition: the shorter the response latencies were, the faster the reaction time was. The P3a latencies for novel sounds were not linked to the reaction times reflecting either inhibition or set-shifting. In addition, the magnitude of the P3a response was not associated with the performance in the flanker task.

Conclusions: Our results suggest that P3a response latency and reaction speed reflecting inhibitory skills are based on shared neural mechanism. Thus, the present study brings new insight to the field investigating the associations between behavior and its neural indices.

背景:P3a反应被认为反映了对意外刺激的非自愿定向,并且在一些研究中与设定转移和抑制有关。在我们的探索性研究中,我们调查了P3a反应的振幅和潜伏期是否与10岁儿童(N = 42)在测量抑制和集合转移的改进侧侧任务中的表现有关。采用标准声音、偏差声音和新奇声音等听觉多特征范式对儿童进行脑电图测量。此外,他们还执行了一个单独的侧翼任务,需要抑制和设置转移技能。结果:异常声音的P3a潜伏期与反应时间相关,反应潜伏期越短反应时间越快。新声音的P3a潜伏期与反应时间无关,反映了抑制或设定转移。此外,P3a反应的大小与侧卫任务的表现无关。结论:反映抑制技能的P3a反应潜伏期和反应速度基于共同的神经机制。因此,本研究为研究行为与其神经指标之间的关系带来了新的见解。
{"title":"Children's inhibition skills are associated with their P3a latency-results from an exploratory study.","authors":"Tanja Linnavalli,&nbsp;Outi Lahti,&nbsp;Minna Törmänen,&nbsp;Mari Tervaniemi,&nbsp;Benjamin Ultan Cowley","doi":"10.1186/s12993-022-00202-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-022-00202-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The P3a response is thought to reflect involuntary orienting to an unexpected stimulus and has been connected with set-shifting and inhibition in some studies. In our exploratory study, we investigated if the amplitude and the latency of the P3a response were associated with the performance in a modified flanker task measuring inhibition and set-shifting in 10-year-old children (N = 42). Children participated in electroencephalography (EEG) measurement with an auditory multifeature paradigm including standard, deviating, and novel sounds. In addition, they performed a separate flanker task requiring inhibition and set-shifting skills.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The P3a latencies for deviant sounds were associated with the reaction time reflecting inhibition: the shorter the response latencies were, the faster the reaction time was. The P3a latencies for novel sounds were not linked to the reaction times reflecting either inhibition or set-shifting. In addition, the magnitude of the P3a response was not associated with the performance in the flanker task.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results suggest that P3a response latency and reaction speed reflecting inhibitory skills are based on shared neural mechanism. Thus, the present study brings new insight to the field investigating the associations between behavior and its neural indices.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9714064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10389183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A family-based study of genetic and epigenetic effects across multiple neurocognitive, motor, social-cognitive and social-behavioral functions. 一项基于家庭的遗传和表观遗传效应研究,涉及多种神经认知、运动、社会认知和社会行为功能。
IF 5.1 2区 心理学 Q1 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-022-00198-0
Ron Nudel, Richard Zetterberg, Nicoline Hemager, Camilla A J Christiani, Jessica Ohland, Birgitte K Burton, Aja N Greve, Katrine S Spang, Ditte Ellersgaard, Ditte L Gantriis, Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm, Kerstin J Plessen, Jens Richardt M Jepsen, Anne A E Thorup, Thomas Werge, Ole Mors, Merete Nordentoft

Many psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders are known to be heritable, but studies trying to elucidate the genetic architecture of such traits often lag behind studies of somatic traits and diseases. The reasons as to why relatively few genome-wide significant associations have been reported for such traits have to do with the sample sizes needed for the detection of small effects, the difficulty in defining and characterizing the phenotypes, partially due to overlaps in affected underlying domains (which is especially true for cognitive phenotypes), and the complex genetic architectures of the phenotypes, which are not wholly captured in traditional case-control GWAS designs. We aimed to tackle the last two issues by performing GWASs of eight quantitative neurocognitive, motor, social-cognitive and social-behavioral traits, which may be considered endophenotypes for a variety of psychiatric and neurodevelopmental conditions, and for which we employed models capturing both general genetic association and parent-of-origin effects, in a family-based sample comprising 402 children and their parents (mostly family trios). We identified 48 genome-wide significant associations across several traits, of which 3 also survived our strict study-wide quality criteria. We additionally performed a functional annotation of implicated genes, as most of the 48 associations were with variants within protein-coding genes. In total, our study highlighted associations with five genes (TGM3, CACNB4, ANKS1B, CSMD1 and SYNE1) associated with measures of working memory, processing speed and social behavior. Our results thus identify novel associations, including previously unreported parent-of-origin associations with relevant genes, and our top results illustrate new potential gene → endophenotype → disorder pathways.

众所周知,许多精神和神经发育障碍是可遗传的,但试图阐明这些特征的遗传结构的研究往往落后于对躯体特征和疾病的研究。这些性状在全基因组范围内显著关联的报道相对较少的原因与检测小影响所需的样本量、定义和描述表型的困难(部分原因是受影响的基础结构域重叠(对于认知表型尤其如此)以及表型的复杂遗传结构有关,而传统的病例对照GWAS设计并未完全捕获这些结构。我们的目标是通过对八个定量的神经认知、运动、社会认知和社会行为特征进行gwas来解决最后两个问题,这些特征可能被认为是各种精神和神经发育状况的内表型,为此我们采用了捕捉一般遗传关联和父母起源效应的模型,在一个基于家庭的样本中,包括402名儿童及其父母(主要是家庭三胞胎)。我们确定了48个跨多个性状的全基因组显著关联,其中3个也通过了我们严格的全研究质量标准。我们还对相关基因进行了功能注释,因为48种关联中的大多数与蛋白质编码基因内的变异有关。总的来说,我们的研究强调了与工作记忆、处理速度和社会行为相关的五个基因(TGM3、CACNB4、ANKS1B、CSMD1和SYNE1)的关联。因此,我们的研究结果确定了新的关联,包括以前未报道的与相关基因的亲本起源关联,我们的顶级结果阐明了新的潜在基因→内表型→疾病途径。
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引用次数: 3
The Area Prostriata may play a role in technical reasoning. 头状区可能在技术推理中起作用。
IF 5.1 2区 心理学 Q1 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2022-11-25 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-022-00200-9
Giovanni Federico, Carlo Cavaliere, Emanuelle Reynaud, Marco Salvatore, Maria Antonella Brandimonte, François Osiurak

Most recent research indicated how technical reasoning (TR), namely, a specific form of causal reasoning aimed at understanding the physical world, may support the development of tools and technologies of increasing complexity. We have recently identified the Area PF of the left inferior parietal lobe (PF) as a critical structural correlate of TR, as assessed by using two ad-hoc psycho-technical tests evaluating the two main aspects of TR, i.e., physical world's understanding and visuospatial imagery. Here, we extended our findings by implementing new ad-hoc analyses of our previous data by using a whole-brain approach. Results showed that the cortical thickness (CT) of the left Area Prostriata of the visual cortex, alongside the left Area PF CT, predicts TR performance.

最近的研究表明,技术推理(TR),即旨在理解物理世界的一种特定形式的因果推理,如何支持日益复杂的工具和技术的发展。我们最近确定了左侧下顶叶(PF)的PF区域是TR的关键结构相关,通过使用两个专门的心理技术测试来评估TR的两个主要方面,即物理世界的理解和视觉空间意象。在这里,我们通过使用全脑方法对之前的数据进行新的特别分析,扩展了我们的发现。结果显示,左侧视皮层前状区厚度(CT)与左侧PF区厚度(CT)可预测TR的表现。
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引用次数: 2
Relations between family cohesion and adolescent-parent's neural synchrony in response to emotional stimulations. 家庭凝聚力与青少年父母对情绪刺激的神经同步性的关系。
IF 5.1 2区 心理学 Q1 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2022-09-27 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-022-00197-1
Xinmei Deng, Mingping Lin, Lin Zhang, Xiaoqing Li, Qiufeng Gao

Background: The interaction between parent and adolescent is more challenging than in other age periods. Family cohesion seriously impacts parent-adolescent emotional interactions. However, the underlying neural mechanism has not been fully examined. This study examined the differences in the neural synchrony in response to emotional film clips between high and low family cohesion adolescent-parent dyads by using the electroencephalograph (EEG) hyperscanning.

Results: Simultaneously electroencephalograph (EEG) was recorded while 15 low family cohesion parent-adolescent dyads (LFCs)and 14 high family cohesion parent-adolescent dyads (HFCs)received different emotional induction when viewing film clips. Interbrain phase-locking-value (PLV) in gamma band was used to calculate parent-adolescent dyads' interbrain synchrony. Results showed that higher gamma interbrain synchrony was observed in the HFCs than the LFCs in the positive conditions. However, there was no significant difference between the HFCs and LFCs in other conditions. Also, the HFCs had significantly higher gamma interbrain synchrony in the positive conditions than in the negative conditions.

Conclusion: Interbrain synchrony may represent an underlying neural mechanism of the parent-adolescent emotional bonding, which is the core of family cohesion.

背景:父母与青少年之间的互动比其他年龄段更具挑战性。家庭凝聚力严重影响亲子情感互动。然而,潜在的神经机制尚未得到充分的研究。本研究利用脑电图超扫描研究了高、低家庭凝聚力青少年父母对情感电影片段反应的神经同步性差异。结果:15对家庭凝聚力低的亲子二联体(LFCs)和14对家庭凝聚力高的亲子二联体(hfc)在观看电影片段时接受不同的情绪诱导,同时记录脑电图(EEG)。利用伽马波段的脑间锁相值(PLV)计算亲子二代的脑间同步性。结果表明,在阳性条件下,HFCs比lfc观察到更高的伽马脑间同步。然而,在其他条件下,氢氟碳化物和低氟碳化物之间没有显著差异。此外,氢氟碳化合物在积极条件下比在消极条件下具有显著更高的伽马脑间同步。结论:亲子情感联结是家庭凝聚力的核心,脑际同步可能是亲子情感联结的潜在神经机制。
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引用次数: 3
Enhancing allocation of visual attention with emotional cues presented in two sensory modalities. 以两种感觉方式呈现的情绪线索增强视觉注意的分配。
IF 5.1 2区 心理学 Q1 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2022-09-22 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-022-00195-3
Ulrike Zimmer, Mike Wendt, Marlene Pacharra

Background: Responses to a visual target stimulus in an exogenous spatial cueing paradigm are usually faster if cue and target occur in the same rather than in different locations (i.e., valid vs. invalid), although perceptual conditions for cue and target processing are otherwise equivalent. This cueing validity effect can be increased by adding emotional (task-unrelated) content to the cue. In contrast, adding a secondary non-emotional sensory modality to the cue (bimodal), has not consistently yielded increased cueing effects in previous studies. Here, we examined the interplay of bimodally presented cue content (i.e., emotional vs. neutral), by using combined visual-auditory cues. Specifically, the current ERP-study investigated whether bimodal presentation of fear-related content amplifies deployment of spatial attention to the cued location.

Results: A behavioral cueing validity effect occurred selectively in trials in which both aspects of the cue (i.e., face and voice) were related to fear. Likewise, the posterior contra-ipsilateral P1-activity in valid trials was significantly larger when both cues were fear-related than in all other cue conditions. Although the P3a component appeared uniformly increased in invalidly cued trials, regardless of cue content, a positive LPC deflection, starting about 450 ms after target onset, was, again, maximal for the validity contrast in trials associated with bimodal presentation of fear-related cues.

Conclusions: Simultaneous presentation of fear-related stimulus information in the visual and auditory modality appears to increase sustained visual attention (impairing disengagement of attention from the cued location) and to affect relatively late stages of target processing.

背景:在外生空间线索范式中,如果线索和目标出现在同一位置而不是不同位置(即有效与无效),对视觉目标刺激的反应通常更快,尽管线索和目标处理的知觉条件在其他方面是相同的。这种提示效度效应可以通过在提示中添加情绪(与任务无关)内容来增强。相比之下,在先前的研究中,在线索(双峰)中添加次要的非情绪感觉模态并没有一致地产生增加的线索效果。在这里,我们通过使用组合的视觉-听觉线索来检查双模呈现的线索内容(即情绪与中性)的相互作用。具体来说,当前的erp研究调查了恐惧相关内容的双峰呈现是否会放大对提示位置的空间注意部署。结果:当线索的两个方面(即面孔和声音)都与恐惧有关时,行为线索效度效应选择性地发生。同样,在有效试验中,当两种线索都与恐惧相关时,对同侧后侧p1活性显著大于其他线索。尽管P3a成分在无效提示试验中呈现一致的增加,但与提示内容无关,在与恐惧相关提示双峰呈现相关的试验中,LPC正向偏转在目标开始后约450 ms开始,再次达到最大效度对比。结论:在视觉和听觉模式中同时呈现与恐惧相关的刺激信息似乎增加了持续的视觉注意(损害了注意力从提示位置的脱离),并影响相对较晚的目标加工阶段。
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引用次数: 1
Extended functional connectivity of convergent structural alterations among individuals with PTSD: a neuroimaging meta-analysis. PTSD患者会聚性结构改变的扩展功能连通性:一项神经影像学荟萃分析。
IF 5.1 2区 心理学 Q1 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2022-09-13 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-022-00196-2
Brianna S Pankey, Michael C Riedel, Isis Cowan, Jessica E Bartley, Rosario Pintos Lobo, Lauren D Hill-Bowen, Taylor Salo, Erica D Musser, Matthew T Sutherland, Angela R Laird

Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating disorder defined by the onset of intrusive, avoidant, negative cognitive or affective, and/or hyperarousal symptoms after witnessing or experiencing a traumatic event. Previous voxel-based morphometry studies have provided insight into structural brain alterations associated with PTSD with notable heterogeneity across these studies. Furthermore, how structural alterations may be associated with brain function, as measured by task-free and task-based functional connectivity, remains to be elucidated.

Methods: Using emergent meta-analytic techniques, we sought to first identify a consensus of structural alterations in PTSD using the anatomical likelihood estimation (ALE) approach. Next, we generated functional profiles of identified convergent structural regions utilizing resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) and meta-analytic co-activation modeling (MACM) methods. Finally, we performed functional decoding to examine mental functions associated with our ALE, rsFC, and MACM brain characterizations.

Results: We observed convergent structural alterations in a single region located in the medial prefrontal cortex. The resultant rsFC and MACM maps identified functional connectivity across a widespread, whole-brain network that included frontoparietal and limbic regions. Functional decoding revealed overlapping associations with attention, memory, and emotion processes.

Conclusions: Consensus-based functional connectivity was observed in regions of the default mode, salience, and central executive networks, which play a role in the tripartite model of psychopathology. Taken together, these findings have important implications for understanding the neurobiological mechanisms associated with PTSD.

背景:创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)是一种衰弱性障碍,定义为在目睹或经历创伤性事件后出现侵入性、逃避性、负性认知或情感和/或高唤醒症状。先前基于体素的形态测量学研究提供了与创伤后应激障碍相关的大脑结构改变的见解,这些研究具有显著的异质性。此外,通过无任务和基于任务的功能连接来衡量,结构改变如何与大脑功能相关仍有待阐明。方法:采用新兴的荟萃分析技术,我们试图首先使用解剖似然估计(ALE)方法确定创伤后应激障碍的结构改变的共识。接下来,我们利用静息状态功能连接(rsFC)和元分析共激活建模(MACM)方法生成了已识别的收敛结构区域的功能概况。最后,我们进行了功能解码,以检查与ALE、rsFC和MACM大脑特征相关的心理功能。结果:我们在位于内侧前额皮质的单一区域观察到会聚性结构改变。由此产生的rsFC和MACM图谱确定了包括额顶叶和边缘区域在内的广泛的全脑网络的功能连接。功能性解码揭示了与注意、记忆和情感过程的重叠关联。结论:基于共识的功能连通性在默认模式、显著性和中央执行网络区域被观察到,这些区域在精神病理学的三方模型中起作用。综上所述,这些发现对于理解与PTSD相关的神经生物学机制具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 5
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Behavioral and Brain Functions
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