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Anticipation of difficult tasks: neural correlates of negative emotions and emotion regulation. 对困难任务的预期:负面情绪和情绪调节的神经关联。
IF 5.1 2区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2019-03-18 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-019-0155-1
Elise Klein, Silke M Bieck, Johannes Bloechle, Stefan Huber, Julia Bahnmueller, Klaus Willmes, Korbinian Moeller

Background: Difficult cognitive tasks are often associated with negative feelings. This can be already the case for the mere anticipation of having to do a difficult task. For the case of difficult math tasks, it was recently suggested that such a negative emotional response may be exclusive to highly math-anxious individuals. However, it is also conceivable that negative emotional responses simply reflect that math is perceived as difficult. Here we investigated whether non-math-anxious individuals also experience negative emotional responses when anticipating to do difficult math tasks.

Methods: We compared brain activation following the presentation of a numerical cue indicating either difficult or easy upcoming proportion magnitude comparison tasks.

Results: Comparable to previous results for highly math-anxious individuals we observed a network associated with negative emotions to be activated in non-math-anxious individuals when facing cues indicating a difficult upcoming task. Importantly, however, math anxiety scores did not predict the neural response. Furthermore, we observed activation in areas associated with processes of cognitive control areas such as anterior cingulate cortex, which were suggested to play a key role in emotion regulation.

Conclusion: Activation in the emotion processing network was observed when anticipating an upcoming difficult (math) task. However, this activation was not predicted by individual' degree of math anxiety. Therefore, we suggest that negative emotional responses to difficult math tasks might be a rather common reaction not specific to math-anxious individuals. Whether or not this initial negative response impairs math performance, however, might depend on the ability to regulate those emotions effectively.

背景:困难的认知任务通常与负面情绪有关。仅仅是预期必须完成一项困难的任务,这种情况就已经存在了。对于困难的数学任务,最近有人提出,这种消极的情绪反应可能只存在于高度数学焦虑的人身上。然而,也可以想象,消极的情绪反应仅仅反映了数学被认为是困难的。在这里,我们调查了非数学焦虑的人在预期做困难的数学任务时是否也会经历消极的情绪反应。方法:我们比较了呈现数字提示后的大脑激活情况,这些数字提示表明即将到来的比例大小比较任务是困难的还是容易的。结果:与之前对高度数学焦虑个体的研究结果相比,我们观察到非数学焦虑个体在面对即将到来的困难任务的提示时,与负面情绪相关的网络被激活。然而,重要的是,数学焦虑分数并不能预测神经反应。此外,我们还观察到与认知控制过程相关的区域如前扣带皮层的激活,该区域被认为在情绪调节中起关键作用。结论:当预期即将到来的困难(数学)任务时,观察到情绪处理网络的激活。然而,这种激活并不是由个体的数学焦虑程度所预测的。因此,我们认为对困难的数学任务的消极情绪反应可能是一种相当普遍的反应,而不是数学焦虑个体所特有的。然而,这种最初的消极反应是否会影响数学成绩,可能取决于有效调节这些情绪的能力。
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引用次数: 4
Age-related changes in neuroinflammation and prepulse inhibition in offspring of rats treated with Poly I:C in early gestation. Poly I:C在妊娠早期处理大鼠后代神经炎症和脉前抑制的年龄相关变化。
IF 5.1 2区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2019-03-05 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-019-0154-2
Shuang Ding, Yunqing Hu, Binbin Luo, Yaqi Cai, Keke Hao, Yongfeng Yang, Yan Zhang, Xiujuan Wang, Minli Ding, Hongxing Zhang, Wenqiang Li, Luxian Lv

Background: Maternal immune activation (MIA) during gestation can increase the later risk of schizophrenia in adult offspring. Neuroinflammation is believed to underlie this process. Postmortem brain studies have found changes in the neuroimmune systems of patients with schizophrenia. However, little is known about the dynamic changes in cerebral inflammation and behavior during the course of the disease.

Methods: Here, the prepulse inhibition (PPI) test was conducted in adolescent and adult Sprague-Dawley rats prenatally challenged with polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid (Poly I:C) on gestational day 9 to determine the behavioral trajectory triggered by early exposure to Poly I:C. Brain immune changes were determined in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HC) at both ages. The status of the microglia and astrocytes was determined with immunohistochemical staining. The levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in both brain regions were evaluated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

Results: Disrupted PPI, the core phenotype of schizophrenia, only emerged in adulthood. Behavioral changes during puberty and adulthood were both accompanied by the activation of microglia (PFC and HC). Astrocytes were only activated at PN60. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) in the offspring of the Poly I:C-exposed mothers differed with brain region and time, with more cytokines elevated during periadolescence than during adulthood.

Conclusions: Our findings indicate that immune activation emerged before symptom manifestation in the offspring of MIA rats. We conclude that early prenatal Poly I:C challenge can lead to age-related behavioral and neuroinflammatory changes. These data provide new insight into the neuroinflammatory and neuropathological mechanisms underlying the development of schizophrenia. They also suggest that periadolescence could be more important than adulthood in the prevention and treatment of schizophrenia.

背景:妊娠期母体免疫激活(MIA)可增加成年后代患精神分裂症的风险。神经炎症被认为是这一过程的基础。死后的大脑研究发现,精神分裂症患者的神经免疫系统发生了变化。然而,在疾病过程中,人们对大脑炎症和行为的动态变化知之甚少。方法:在妊娠第9天,对青春期大鼠和成年大鼠进行脉冲前抑制(PPI)试验,确定早期暴露于Poly I:C引发的行为轨迹。在两个年龄段分别测定前额叶皮质(PFC)和海马体(HC)的脑免疫变化。免疫组化染色检测小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞的状态。采用酶联免疫吸附法测定两脑区的IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α水平。结果:PPI紊乱是精神分裂症的核心表型,仅在成年期出现。青春期和成年期的行为改变都伴随着小胶质细胞(PFC和HC)的激活。星形胶质细胞仅在PN60激活。在Poly I: c暴露的母亲的后代中,促炎细胞因子(IL-1β, IL-6和TNF-α)的水平随大脑区域和时间的不同而不同,青春期周围细胞因子的升高高于成年期。结论:我们的研究结果表明,免疫激活在MIA大鼠后代出现症状之前就出现了。我们得出结论,早期产前Poly I:C挑战可导致与年龄相关的行为和神经炎症变化。这些数据为精神分裂症发展背后的神经炎症和神经病理机制提供了新的见解。他们还认为,在预防和治疗精神分裂症方面,青春期周围可能比成年期更重要。
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引用次数: 27
Behavioral models in psychopathology: epistemic and semantic considerations. 精神病理学中的行为模型:认识论和语义考虑。
IF 5.1 2区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-019-0152-4
Caio Maximino, Franz Josef van der Staay

The use of animals in neurosciences has a long history. It is considered indispensable in areas in which "translational" research is deemed invaluable, such as behavioral pharmacology and comparative psychology. Animal models are being used in pharmacology and genetics to screen for treatment targets, and in the field of experimental psychopathology to understand the neurobehavioral underpinnings of a disorder and of its putative treatment. The centrality of behavioral models betrays the complexity of the epistemic and semantic considerations which are needed to understand what a model is. In this review, such considerations are made, and the breadth of model building and evaluation approaches is extended to include theoretical considerations on the etiology of mental disorders. This expansion is expected to help improve the validity of behavioral models and to increase their translational value. Moreover, the role of theory in improving construct validity creates the need for behavioral scientists to fully engage this process.

在神经科学中使用动物已有很长的历史。在行为药理学和比较心理学等“转化”研究被认为是无价的领域,它被认为是不可或缺的。动物模型被用于药理学和遗传学领域,以筛选治疗目标,并在实验精神病理学领域,以了解疾病的神经行为基础及其假定的治疗方法。行为模型的中心性暴露了理解模型所需要的认知和语义考虑的复杂性。在这篇综述中,这些考虑是作出的,并扩大了模型建立和评估方法的广度,包括对精神障碍病因的理论考虑。这种扩展预计将有助于提高行为模型的有效性,并增加其翻译价值。此外,理论在提高构念效度方面的作用使得行为科学家需要充分参与这一过程。
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引用次数: 20
Impaired innate and conditioned social behavior in adult C57Bl6/J mice prenatally exposed to chlorpyrifos. 毒死蜱对成年C57Bl6/J小鼠先天和条件性社会行为的影响
IF 5.1 2区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-019-0153-3
Anat Lan, Daniel Stein, Miguel Portillo, Debra Toiber, Ora Kofman

Background: Signs of pervasive developmental disorder and social deficits were reported in toddlers and children whose mothers were exposed to organophosphate pesticides during pregnancy. Deficits in social preference were reported in adult male mice exposed to chlorpyrifos on gestational days 12-15. This study aimed (a) to test the hypothesis that adult female and male mice that were exposed prenatally to subtoxic doses of chlorpyrifos would be impaired in social behavior and (b) to determine if prenatal chlorpyrifos altered the expression of transcripts for oxytocin in the hypothalamus. Pregnant mice were treated by gavage with corn oil vehicle or 2.5 mg/kg or 5 mg/kg of CPF on gestational days 12-15. Social preference, social and non-social conditioned place preference tasks were tested in adults. Expression of oxytocin transcripts in hypothalamus was measured by qPCR.

Results: Chlorpyrifos (5 mg/kg on GD 12-15) reduced the innate preference for a conspecific in a dose and sex dependent manner. Adult males exposed prenatally to 5 mg/kg CPF showed a reduction in social preference. Socially conditioned place preference was impaired in offspring of dams treated with either dose of CPF. Non-social appetitive place conditioning was impaired in offspring of dams exposed to 2.5 mg/kg, but not to 5 mg/kg chlorpyrifos. Prenatal chlorpyrifos treatment did not alter the expression of the oxytocin mRNA in the hypothalamus, although expression was significantly lower in females.

Conclusions: Prenatal chlorpyrifos induced innate and learned social deficits and non-specific conditioning deficits in adult mice in a sex-dependent manner. Males showed specific social deficits following the higher dose whereas both males and females showed a more generalized conditioning deficit following the intermediate dose.

背景:据报道,母亲在怀孕期间暴露于有机磷农药的幼儿和儿童出现广泛性发育障碍和社交缺陷的迹象。在妊娠12-15天暴露于毒死蜱的成年雄性小鼠报告了社会偏好缺陷。本研究的目的是(a)验证一种假设,即成年雌性和雄性小鼠在出生前暴露于亚毒性剂量的毒死蜱会损害其社会行为;(b)确定出生前毒死蜱是否会改变下丘脑中催产素转录本的表达。孕12 ~ 15天,分别灌胃玉米油培养液或2.5 mg/kg、5 mg/kg CPF。在成人中测试了社会偏好、社会和非社会条件位置偏好任务。采用qPCR检测下丘脑中催产素转录本的表达。结果:毒死蜱(5 mg/kg, GD 12-15)以剂量和性别依赖的方式降低了同种动物的先天偏好。成年雄性在产前暴露于5 mg/kg CPF时表现出社会偏好的降低。社会条件下的位置偏好在任何剂量的CPF处理的后代中都受到损害。暴露于2.5 mg/kg毒死蜱的后代非社会性食欲场所条件反射受到损害,而暴露于5 mg/kg毒死蜱的后代没有受到损害。产前毒死蜱处理没有改变下丘脑中催产素mRNA的表达,尽管雌性的表达明显降低。结论:产前毒死蜱诱导成年小鼠先天、习得性社会缺陷和非特异性条件反射缺陷具有性别依赖性。高剂量后,雄性表现出特定的社会缺陷,而中等剂量后,雄性和雌性都表现出更普遍的条件反射缺陷。
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引用次数: 24
Narcolepsy and emotional experience: a review of the literature. 嗜睡症与情绪体验:文献综述。
IF 5.1 2区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2018-12-26 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-018-0151-x
C Schiappa, S Scarpelli, A D'Atri, M Gorgoni, Luigi De Gennaro

Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, hypnagogic hallucinations, and sleep paralysis. This disease affects significantly the overall patient functioning, interfering with social, work, and affective life. Some symptoms of narcolepsy depend on emotional stimuli; for instance, cataplectic attacks can be triggered by emotional inputs such as laughing, joking, a pleasant surprise, and also anger. Neurophysiological and neurochemical findings suggest the involvement of emotional brain circuits in the physiopathology of cataplexy, which seems to depending on the dysfunctional interplay between the hypothalamus and the amygdala associated with an alteration of hypocretin levels. Furthermore, behavioral studies suggest an impairment of emotions processing in narcolepsy-cataplexy (NC), like a probable coping strategy to avoid or reduce the frequency of cataplexy attacks. Consistently, NC patients seem to use coping strategies even during their sleep, avoiding unpleasant mental sleep activity through lucid dreaming. Interestingly, NC patients, even during sleep, have a different emotional experience than healthy subjects, with more vivid, bizarre, and frightening dreams. Notwithstanding this evidence, the relationship between emotion and narcolepsy is poorly investigated. This review aims to provide a synthesis of behavioral, neurophysiological, and neurochemical evidence to discuss the complex relationship between NC and emotional experience and to direct future research.

嗜睡症是一种慢性睡眠障碍,其特征是白天过度嗜睡、猝倒、催眠幻觉和睡眠瘫痪。这种疾病严重影响患者的整体功能,干扰社会、工作和情感生活。发作性睡病的一些症状取决于情绪刺激;例如,紧张性发作可能由情绪输入引发,如大笑、开玩笑、惊喜和愤怒。神经生理学和神经化学发现表明,情绪脑回路参与了猝倒的病理生理学,这似乎取决于下丘脑和杏仁核之间的功能失调的相互作用,与下丘脑视网膜水平的改变有关。此外,行为研究表明,发作性睡病发作(NC)的情绪处理受损,这可能是一种避免或减少发作频率的应对策略。一直以来,NC患者似乎甚至在睡眠中也会使用应对策略,通过清醒梦来避免不愉快的心理睡眠活动。有趣的是,NC患者,即使在睡眠中,也会有与健康受试者不同的情绪体验,做更生动、更离奇、更可怕的梦。尽管有这些证据,情绪与嗜睡症之间的关系研究得很少。这篇综述旨在提供行为、神经生理学和神经化学证据的综合,以讨论NC与情绪体验之间的复杂关系,并指导未来的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Selective impairment of attentional set shifting in adults with ADHD. 成人ADHD患者注意力集中转移的选择性损害。
IF 5.1 2区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2018-11-10 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-018-0150-y
Aquiles Luna-Rodriguez, Mike Wendt, Julia Kerner Auch Koerner, Caterina Gawrilow, Thomas Jacobsen

Background: Task switch protocols are frequently used in the assessment of cognitive control, both in clinical and non-clinical populations. These protocols frequently confound task switch and attentional set shift. The current study investigated the ability of adult ADHD patients to shift attentional set in the context of switching tasks.

Method: We tested 38 adults with ADHD and 39 control adults with an extensive diagnostic battery and a task switch protocol without proactive interference. The experiment combined orthogonally task-switch vs. repetition, and attentional set shift vs. no shift. Each experimental stimulus had global and local features (Hierarchical/"Navon" stimuli), associated with corresponding attentional sets.

Results: ADHD patients were slower than controls in task switch trials with a simultaneous shift of attention between global/local attentional sets. This also correlated significantly with diagnostic scales for ADHD symptoms. The patients had more variable reaction times, but when the attentional set was kept constant neither were they significantly slower nor showed higher task switch costs.

Conclusion: ADHD is associated with a deficit in flexible deployment of attention to varying sources of stimulus information.

背景:在临床和非临床人群中,任务切换协议经常用于认知控制的评估。这些协议经常混淆任务切换和注意力集转移。目前的研究调查了成人多动症患者在切换任务的背景下转移注意力集的能力。方法:我们测试了38名ADHD成人和39名对照成人,采用广泛的诊断电池和无主动干扰的任务切换协议。该实验结合了正交任务切换与重复,以及注意力集中转移与无转移。每个实验刺激都具有全局和局部特征(层次/“Navon”刺激),并与相应的注意集相关联。结果:在全局/局部注意集之间同时转移的任务切换试验中,ADHD患者比对照组慢。这也与ADHD症状的诊断量表显著相关。患者的反应时间变化更大,但当注意力集中保持不变时,他们既没有明显变慢,也没有表现出更高的任务转换成本。结论:ADHD与注意力对不同来源刺激信息的灵活部署缺陷有关。
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引用次数: 18
A novel approach to emotion recognition using local subset feature selection and modified Dempster-Shafer theory. 基于局部子集特征选择和改进的Dempster-Shafer理论的情绪识别新方法。
IF 5.1 2区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2018-10-31 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-018-0149-4
Morteza Zangeneh Soroush, Keivan Maghooli, Seyed Kamaledin Setarehdan, Ali Motie Nasrabadi

Background: Emotion recognition is an increasingly important field of research in brain computer interactions.

Introduction: With the advance of technology, automatic emotion recognition systems no longer seem far-fetched. Be that as it may, detecting neural correlates of emotion has remained a substantial bottleneck. Settling this issue will be a breakthrough of significance in the literature.

Methods: The current study aims to identify the correlations between different emotions and brain regions with the help of suitable electrodes. Initially, independent component analysis algorithm is employed to remove artifacts and extract the independent components. The informative channels are then selected based on the thresholded average activity value for obtained components. Afterwards, effective features are extracted from selected channels common between all emotion classes. Features are reduced using the local subset feature selection method and then fed to a new classification model using modified Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence.

Results: The presented method is employed to DEAP dataset and the results are compared to those of previous studies, which highlights the significant ability of this method to recognize emotions through electroencephalography, by the accuracy of about 91%. Finally, the obtained results are discussed and new aspects are introduced.

Conclusions: The present study addresses the long-standing challenge of finding neural correlates between human emotions and the activated brain regions. Also, we managed to solve uncertainty problem in emotion classification which is one of the most challenging issues in this field. The proposed method could be employed in other practical applications in future.

背景:情绪识别是脑机交互中一个日益重要的研究领域。导读:随着科技的进步,自动情绪识别系统不再遥不可及。尽管如此,检测情绪的神经关联仍然是一个实质性的瓶颈。解决这一问题将是一个具有重大意义的文献突破。方法:本研究旨在通过合适的电极来确定不同情绪与大脑区域之间的相关性。首先采用独立分量分析算法去除伪影,提取独立分量。然后根据获得的组件的阈值平均活动值选择信息通道。然后,从所有情感类别之间共同的通道中提取有效特征。使用局部子集特征选择方法对特征进行约简,然后使用改进的Dempster-Shafer证据理论将特征输入到新的分类模型中。结果:将该方法应用于DEAP数据集,并与前人的研究结果进行了比较,结果表明该方法通过脑电图识别情绪的能力显著,准确率约为91%。最后,对所得结果进行了讨论,并介绍了新的研究方向。结论:目前的研究解决了寻找人类情绪和激活的大脑区域之间的神经关联的长期挑战。同时,我们成功地解决了情感分类中最具挑战性的问题之一的不确定性问题。该方法可用于未来的其他实际应用。
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引用次数: 29
Effects of social defeat stress on dopamine D2 receptor isoforms and proteins involved in intracellular trafficking. 社会失败应激对参与细胞内运输的多巴胺D2受体亚型和蛋白质的影响。
IF 5.1 2区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2018-10-08 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-018-0148-5
Vishwanath Vasudev Prabhu, Thong Ba Nguyen, Yin Cui, Young-Eun Oh, Keon-Hak Lee, Tarique R Bagalkot, Young-Chul Chung

Background: Chronic social defeat stress induces depression and anxiety-like behaviors in rodents and also responsible for differentiating defeated animals into stress susceptible and resilient groups. The present study investigated the effects of social defeat stress on a variety of behavioral parameters like social behavior, spatial learning and memory and anxiety like behaviors. Additionally, the levels of various dopaminergic markers, including the long and short form of the D2 receptor, and total and phosphorylated dopamine and cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate regulated phosphoprotein-32, and proteins involved in intracellular trafficking were assessed in several key brain regions in young adult mice.

Methods: Mouse model of chronic social defeat was established by resident-intruder paradigm, and to evaluate the effect of chronic social defeat, mice were subjected to behavioral tests like spontaneous locomotor activity, elevated plus maze (EPM), social interaction and Morris water maze tests.

Results: Mice were divided into susceptible and unsusceptible groups after 10 days of social defeat stress. The susceptible group exhibited greater decreases in time spent in the open and closed arms compared to the control group on the EPM. In the social interaction test, the susceptible group showed greater increases in submissive and neutral behaviors and greater decreases in social behaviors relative to baseline compared to the control group. Furthermore, increased expression of D2L, D2S, Rab4, and G protein-coupled receptor associated sorting protein-1 was observed in the amygdala of the susceptible group compared to the control group.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that social defeat stress induce anxiety-like and altered social interacting behaviors, and changes in dopaminergic markers and intracellular trafficking-related proteins.

背景:长期的社会失败应激会诱发啮齿动物的抑郁和焦虑样行为,也是失败动物分化为应激易感性和弹性群体的原因。本研究探讨了社会失败压力对社会行为、空间学习记忆和焦虑行为等行为参数的影响。此外,各种多巴胺能标记物的水平,包括D2受体的长和短形式,总多巴胺和磷酸化多巴胺,环腺苷3',5'-单磷酸调节磷酸化蛋白-32,以及参与细胞内运输的蛋白,在年轻成年小鼠的几个关键大脑区域进行了评估。方法:采用“居民-入侵者”模式建立小鼠慢性社会失败模型,并对小鼠进行自发性运动活动、升高+迷宫(EPM)、社会互动和Morris水迷宫等行为测试,以评价慢性社会失败的影响。结果:小鼠经过10天的社交失败应激后分为易感组和不易感组。与对照组相比,易感组在EPM上花在张开和闭合手臂上的时间明显减少。在社会互动测试中,与对照组相比,易感组相对于基线表现出更大的顺从和中立行为的增加和更大的社会行为的减少。此外,与对照组相比,易感组杏仁核中D2L、D2S、Rab4和G蛋白偶联受体相关分选蛋白-1的表达增加。结论:这些研究结果表明,社会失败应激诱导焦虑样和改变的社会互动行为,以及多巴胺能标记物和细胞内运输相关蛋白的变化。
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引用次数: 16
Associations of serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphisms and monoamine oxidase A gene polymorphisms with oppositional defiant disorder in a Chinese Han population. 中国汉族人群5 -羟色胺转运体基因启动子多态性和单胺氧化酶A基因多态性与对立违抗性障碍的关系
IF 5.1 2区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2018-08-20 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-018-0147-6
Chang-Hong Wang, Qiu-Fen Ning, Cong Liu, Ting-Ting Lv, En-Zhao Cong, Jing-Yang Gu, Ying-Li Zhang, Hui-Yao Nie, Xiao-Li Zhang, Yan Li, Xiang-Yang Zhang, Lin-Yan Su

Background: Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a behavioral disorder that mainly refers to a recurrent pattern of disobedient, defiant, negativistic and hostile behaviors toward authority figures. Previous studies have showed associations of serotonin transporter (5-HTT) and monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) with behavioral and psychiatric disorders. The purposes of this study were to investigate the potential association of 5-HTT gene promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and MAOA gene polymorphism with susceptibility to ODD in a Han Chinese school population.

Methods: The 5-HTTLPR gene polymorphism and the MAOA gene polymorphism were genotyped in a case-control study of 257 Han Chinese children (123 ODD and 134 healthy controls).

Results: There was significant difference in the allele distribution of 5-HTTLPR (χ2 = 7.849, P = 0.005) between the ODD and control groups. Further, there were significant differences in genotype (χ2 = 5.168, P = 0.023) and allele distributions (χ2 = 10.336, P = 0.001) of the MAOA gene polymorphism that is variable-number tandem repeat (MAOA-uVNTR) between two groups. Moreover, there were significant differences in genotype (χ2 = 4.624, P = 0.032) and allele distributions (χ2 = 9.248, P = 0.002) of MAOA-uVNTR only in the male ODD and healthy groups.

Conclusions: Our results suggest that 5-HTTLPR and MAOA-uVNTR gene variants may contribute to susceptibility to ODD. Further, MAOA-uVNTR gene polymorphism may play a role in susceptibility to ODD only in male children.

背景:对立违抗性障碍(ODD)是一种行为障碍,主要指对权威人物反复出现不服从、违抗、消极和敌对行为。先前的研究表明5-羟色胺转运体(5-HTT)和单胺氧化酶A (MAOA)与行为和精神疾病有关。本研究旨在探讨中国汉族学校人群5-HTT基因启动子多态性(5-HTTLPR)和MAOA基因多态性与ODD易感性的潜在关联。方法:对257例汉族儿童(残疾儿童123例,健康儿童134例)进行5-HTTLPR基因多态性和MAOA基因多态性的病例对照研究。结果:ODD组与对照组5-HTTLPR等位基因分布差异有统计学意义(χ2 = 7.849, P = 0.005)。MAOA基因可变数串联重复序列(MAOA- uvntr)基因型(χ2 = 5.168, P = 0.023)和等位基因分布(χ2 = 10.336, P = 0.001)差异均有统计学意义。moaa - uvntr基因型(χ2 = 4.624, P = 0.032)和等位基因分布(χ2 = 9.248, P = 0.002)在男性ODD组和健康组之间存在显著差异。结论:5-HTTLPR和MAOA-uVNTR基因变异可能与ODD易感性有关。此外,MAOA-uVNTR基因多态性可能仅在男性儿童中对ODD易感性起作用。
{"title":"Associations of serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphisms and monoamine oxidase A gene polymorphisms with oppositional defiant disorder in a Chinese Han population.","authors":"Chang-Hong Wang,&nbsp;Qiu-Fen Ning,&nbsp;Cong Liu,&nbsp;Ting-Ting Lv,&nbsp;En-Zhao Cong,&nbsp;Jing-Yang Gu,&nbsp;Ying-Li Zhang,&nbsp;Hui-Yao Nie,&nbsp;Xiao-Li Zhang,&nbsp;Yan Li,&nbsp;Xiang-Yang Zhang,&nbsp;Lin-Yan Su","doi":"10.1186/s12993-018-0147-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-018-0147-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a behavioral disorder that mainly refers to a recurrent pattern of disobedient, defiant, negativistic and hostile behaviors toward authority figures. Previous studies have showed associations of serotonin transporter (5-HTT) and monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) with behavioral and psychiatric disorders. The purposes of this study were to investigate the potential association of 5-HTT gene promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and MAOA gene polymorphism with susceptibility to ODD in a Han Chinese school population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The 5-HTTLPR gene polymorphism and the MAOA gene polymorphism were genotyped in a case-control study of 257 Han Chinese children (123 ODD and 134 healthy controls).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was significant difference in the allele distribution of 5-HTTLPR (χ<sup>2</sup> = 7.849, P = 0.005) between the ODD and control groups. Further, there were significant differences in genotype (χ<sup>2</sup> = 5.168, P = 0.023) and allele distributions (χ<sup>2</sup> = 10.336, P = 0.001) of the MAOA gene polymorphism that is variable-number tandem repeat (MAOA-uVNTR) between two groups. Moreover, there were significant differences in genotype (χ<sup>2</sup> = 4.624, P = 0.032) and allele distributions (χ<sup>2</sup> = 9.248, P = 0.002) of MAOA-uVNTR only in the male ODD and healthy groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results suggest that 5-HTTLPR and MAOA-uVNTR gene variants may contribute to susceptibility to ODD. Further, MAOA-uVNTR gene polymorphism may play a role in susceptibility to ODD only in male children.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"14 1","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2018-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12993-018-0147-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36413148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Memory and exploratory behavior impairment in ovariectomized Wistar rats. 去卵巢Wistar大鼠的记忆和探索性行为障碍。
IF 5.1 2区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2018-07-16 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-018-0146-7
Sefirin Djiogue, Armando Blondel Djiyou Djeuda, Paul Faustin Seke Etet, Germain Jean Magloire Ketcha Wanda, Rudig Nikanor Djikem Tadah, Dieudonne Njamen

Background: Estrogen deficiency is linked to changes in several physiological processes, but the extent to which it associates with cognitive changes in menopause context is controversial.

Rationale: We evaluated the impact of ovariectomy on memory processes and normal exploratory behavior in Wistar rats.

Methods: Young adult rats (4-6 months) were either ovariectomized (OVX group) (N = 10), sham operated (N = 10), or untouched (naïve controls) (N = 8). Afterwards, they were monitored for 12 weeks during which their cognitive functions were evaluated at first week (S1), second (S2), every 3 weeks (S5, S8) and then at week 12 (S12) using: (i) object recognition test to evaluate the short-term and long-term non-spatial memory; (ii) the object placement test to assess the spatial memory; and (iii) normal exploratory behavior components like locomotor and vertical activities in an open field arena.

Results: Marked changes in ovariectomized rats were observed in long-term non-spatial memory (~ 40% change vs. naïve and sham, P < 0.001) and spatial memory (~ 30% change, P < 0.05) from S2. Instead, from S5 the exploratory behavior was affected, with decreases in line crossing and rearing episode numbers (~ 40% change, P < 0.01), and in the time spent in the center of open field arena (~ 60% change, P < 0.01).

Conclusions: Our findings support the involvement of sex hormones in cognitive functions in female rats and suggest that controversy on the importance of cognitive affections in menopause context may emerge from differences between short-term and long-term memory processes.

背景:雌激素缺乏与一些生理过程的变化有关,但它与更年期认知变化的关联程度存在争议。理由:我们评估了卵巢切除术对Wistar大鼠记忆过程和正常探索行为的影响。方法:选取4 ~ 6月龄成年大鼠,分别切除卵巢(OVX组)(N = 10)、假手术(N = 10)和未切除卵巢(naïve对照组)(N = 8)。随访12周,分别于第1周(S1)、第2周(S2)、每3周(S5、S8)和第12周(S12)对受试者的认知功能进行评估:(1)采用物体识别测试评估短期和长期非空间记忆;(ii)评估空间记忆的物体放置测试;(iii)正常的探索行为组成部分,如在开阔的场地上的移动和垂直活动。结果:去卵巢大鼠的长期非空间记忆发生显著变化(与naïve和sham相比变化约40%,P)。结论:我们的研究结果支持性激素参与雌性大鼠的认知功能,并提示关于认知情感在更年期背景下重要性的争议可能源于短期和长期记忆过程的差异。
{"title":"Memory and exploratory behavior impairment in ovariectomized Wistar rats.","authors":"Sefirin Djiogue,&nbsp;Armando Blondel Djiyou Djeuda,&nbsp;Paul Faustin Seke Etet,&nbsp;Germain Jean Magloire Ketcha Wanda,&nbsp;Rudig Nikanor Djikem Tadah,&nbsp;Dieudonne Njamen","doi":"10.1186/s12993-018-0146-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-018-0146-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Estrogen deficiency is linked to changes in several physiological processes, but the extent to which it associates with cognitive changes in menopause context is controversial.</p><p><strong>Rationale: </strong>We evaluated the impact of ovariectomy on memory processes and normal exploratory behavior in Wistar rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Young adult rats (4-6 months) were either ovariectomized (OVX group) (N = 10), sham operated (N = 10), or untouched (naïve controls) (N = 8). Afterwards, they were monitored for 12 weeks during which their cognitive functions were evaluated at first week (S1), second (S2), every 3 weeks (S5, S8) and then at week 12 (S12) using: (i) object recognition test to evaluate the short-term and long-term non-spatial memory; (ii) the object placement test to assess the spatial memory; and (iii) normal exploratory behavior components like locomotor and vertical activities in an open field arena.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Marked changes in ovariectomized rats were observed in long-term non-spatial memory (~ 40% change vs. naïve and sham, P < 0.001) and spatial memory (~ 30% change, P < 0.05) from S2. Instead, from S5 the exploratory behavior was affected, with decreases in line crossing and rearing episode numbers (~ 40% change, P < 0.01), and in the time spent in the center of open field arena (~ 60% change, P < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings support the involvement of sex hormones in cognitive functions in female rats and suggest that controversy on the importance of cognitive affections in menopause context may emerge from differences between short-term and long-term memory processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"14 1","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2018-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12993-018-0146-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36317020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 29
期刊
Behavioral and Brain Functions
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