Behavioural Processes最新文献_第5页

Effects of pre-session feeding, an abolishing operation, on resurgence in rats 闭会前饲喂对大鼠死灰复燃的影响

IF 1.5 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105258

Amin D. Lotfizadeh , Julian C. Velasquez , Ryan Redner , Camilo Hurtado-Parrado , Carlos J. Flores , Alan Poling

An abolishing operation reduces the value of a particular kind of reinforcer (e.g., food) and the likelihood of occurrence of responses that historically produced such reinforcers. We examined in rats whether (a) arranging an abolishing operation, pre-session feeding, would produce resurgence when the alternative response continued to be reinforced and (b) whether this abolishing operation would affect resurgence produced by extinction. Rats were exposed to three sequential phases: (a) variable-interval 30-s food reinforcement for pressing a target lever press, with some sessions including 15 hrs of pre-session feeding; (b) variable-interval 30-s food reinforcement for an alternative lever press with extinction of the target response, also with some sessions of pre-session feeding; (c) extinction for both responses, with one group of rats receiving pre-session feeding before sessions. In Phases 1 and 2, pre-session feeding reduced response rates on the active lever. Pre-session feeding during Phase 2 did not increase target responding, indicating that our abolishing operation did not produce resurgence. In Phase 3, rats that were not pre-fed showed resurgence of the target response, whereas pre-fed rats did not, indicating that the abolishing operation mitigated resurgence. These findings are the first examining how changing motivation affects resurgence and we suggest that further research adding this topic is merited.

废除操作降低了特定强化物（例如，食物）的价值和历史上产生这种强化物的反应发生的可能性。我们在大鼠中研究了(a)当替代反应继续加强时，安排一个废除操作，即赛前喂养，是否会产生死灰复燃；(b)这种废除操作是否会影响灭绝产生的死灰复燃。大鼠暴露于三个连续阶段：(a)按目标杠杆按下30秒可变间隔食物强化，其中一些阶段包括15小时的预喂食；(b)可变间隔30秒的食物强化，替代杠杆按压，目标反应消失，也有一些时段的预喂食；(c)两种反应均消失，其中一组大鼠在训练前接受训练前喂养。在第一阶段和第二阶段，会前喂食降低了主动杠杆的反应率。第2阶段的会前喂养没有增加目标反应，表明我们的废除操作没有产生复苏。在第三阶段，未预喂的大鼠表现出靶反应的死灰复燃，而预喂的大鼠则没有，这表明废除操作减轻了死灰复燃。这些发现是第一次研究改变动机如何影响复苏，我们建议进一步研究增加这个主题是值得的。

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引用次数: 0

Midsession reversal learning performance in harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) 斑海豹（Phoca vitulina）课间翻转学习的表现。

IF 1.5 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105261

Caroline Spratte , Jan Quanter , Tamara Heinrich, Frederike D. Hanke

Reversal learning (RL) experiments explore cognitive flexibility and decision-making processes. Specifically, RL examines the extent and speed at which individuals adapt their choices when reward contingencies change after the point of reversal. One variation of RL is the midsession reversal learning experiment (MRL), in which the point of reversal occurs midway through a session. In order to solve an MRL task, individuals may employ a win-stay/loose-shift (WS/LS) strategy, changing the behaviour after experiencing a single error after the point of reversal, or utilize a switching cue such as the time elapsed since the onset of the session to solve an MRL task. In this study, we conducted a spatial MRL experiment with two harbour seals to answer the question of whether/how individual learning strategies and temporal information influence decision making and cognitive flexibility in harbour seals. The research underscores individual variations in strategies, which are likely rooted in the seals’ experimental pasts. One seal, Moe, with prior RL experience, demonstrated a WS/LS strategy illustrating the impact of feedback on behaviour. Conversely, Bill, naïve to RL tasks, showed anticipatory and perseverative errors close to the reversal point, hinting at the incorporation of temporal information into his decision-making process. Thus, our study showcases cognitive flexibility influenced by learning strategy and possibly temporal information. Although the use of strategies has already been speculated about in previous studies, we now present evidence that temporal information may prompt behavioural adjustments. In the harbour seals’ natural habitat, temporal aspects might inform decisions in foraging or orientation/navigation contexts, providing avenues for future research.

逆向学习（RL）实验探索认知灵活性和决策过程。具体来说，强化学习研究了当奖励偶然性在逆转后发生变化时，个体适应其选择的程度和速度。RL的一种变体是会话中间反转学习实验（MRL），其中反转点发生在会话中间。为了解决一个MRL任务，个体可以采用win-stay/lose-shift （WS/LS）策略，在反转点后经历一个错误后改变行为，或者利用一个切换线索，如自会话开始以来经过的时间来解决一个MRL任务。本研究以两只斑海豹为研究对象，通过空间核磁共振成像（MRL）实验，探讨个体学习策略和时间信息对斑海豹决策和认知灵活性的影响。这项研究强调了海豹在策略上的个体差异，这可能源于海豹过去的实验经历。其中一只名叫Moe的海豹有强化学习的经验，它展示了WS/LS策略，说明了反馈对行为的影响。相反，Bill （naïve）在RL任务中表现出接近反转点的预期性和持续性错误，暗示他的决策过程中包含了时间信息。因此，我们的研究表明认知灵活性受到学习策略和可能的时间信息的影响。虽然在以前的研究中已经推测了策略的使用，但我们现在提出的证据表明，时间信息可能会促使行为调整。在斑海豹的自然栖息地，时间因素可能会影响觅食或定向/导航环境的决定，为未来的研究提供途径。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Evaluating indicators of intentionality, flexibility, and goal-association in domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus) facial signals” [Behav. Proc. 231, September 2025, 105244] “评估家猫（Felis silvestris catus）面部信号的意向性、灵活性和目标关联指标”的勘误表。[j].农业工程学报，2002,23(9):532 - 544。

IF 1.5 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105254

Samantha Dickey , Jayden Garrett , Lauren Scott , Robert W. Miller , Brittany N. Florkiewicz

引用次数: 0

Reading emotions in dog eyes and faces by Japanese observers: A replication and extension study of Burza et al (2022). 日本观察者解读狗的眼睛和面部情绪：Burza等人（2022）的复制和扩展研究。

IF 1.5 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105246

Aiko Murata, Yu-Lin Liu, Katsumi Watanabe

Previous studies conducted in the U.S. and Brazil have demonstrated that humans can recognize dog emotions from static images of canine eyes or full faces (Bloom et al., 2021; Burza et al., 2022). The present study aimed to replicate and extend these findings in a Japanese context, investigating whether the ability to interpret dog emotions generalizes across cultures. Japanese participants (N = 342) were shown photographs of three dog breeds previously used by Burza et al. (2022) and asked to presume the dog's emotional state. Results revealed that Japanese participants identified presumed dog emotions at levels significantly above chance, both when viewing full-face images and eye-only images. Accuracy was notably higher for full-face images, supporting the idea that broader facial context enhances accurate identification of emotion. Dog ownership had no effect on accuracy, and participants' ability to recognize human emotions did not predict their performance with dogs. This suggests that interpreting canine emotions may rely on distinct cognitive mechanisms. Whereas the overall findings replicate previous results from Western populations, some cross-cultural differences emerged in which specific emotions were most accurately identified. These differences underscore the cultural factors and perceptual biases in cross-species emotion interpretation. In sum, the study suggests that humans possess a moderate but consistent ability to interpret dog emotions from facial cues, and that this capacity, whereas partially universal, may be shaped by cultural context.

此前在美国和巴西进行的研究表明，人类可以从狗眼睛或全脸的静态图像中识别狗的情绪(Bloom et al., 2021；Burza et al., 2022)。本研究旨在在日本的背景下复制和扩展这些发现，调查解读狗的情绪的能力是否在不同文化中普遍存在。研究人员向日本参与者（N = 342）展示了Burza等人（2022）之前使用过的三种狗的照片，并要求他们猜测狗的情绪状态。结果显示，日本参与者在观看全脸照片和只看眼睛的照片时，识别出的狗的情绪水平明显高于偶然水平。全脸图像的准确率明显更高，这支持了更广泛的面部背景可以提高对情绪的准确识别的观点。养狗对准确性没有影响，参与者识别人类情绪的能力并不能预测他们与狗相处的表现。这表明，解释犬类情绪可能依赖于不同的认知机制。尽管总体上的发现重复了之前在西方人群中的结果，但一些跨文化差异出现了，在这些差异中，特定的情绪被最准确地识别出来。这些差异强调了跨物种情感解释中的文化因素和感知偏差。总而言之，这项研究表明，人类拥有一种适度但一致的能力，可以从面部线索解读狗的情绪，这种能力虽然部分是普遍的，但可能受到文化背景的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Kea (Nestor notabilis) and the ephemeral reward task: Success and hurdles explored. Kea （Nestor Notabilis）和短暂奖励任务：成功和障碍探索。

IF 1.5 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105243

Peter Seban, Ludwig Huber, Raoul Schwing

The ephemeral reward task (ERT), employed in animal cognition research, appears deceptively straightforward but seems to be counterintuitive for many lab animals. Our study explored the performance of kea (Nestor notabilis) on this task, in two different setups based on previously used methodologies: one with direct visible reward presentation, and one with non-visible rewards plus a spatial component. Additionally, we investigated their ability, using the same setups, to choose two pieces of reward as opposed to one in a basic quantity discrimination task (QDT), as this is the outcome of the ERT meant to motivate choosing optimally. The results showed that a greater proportion of kea successfully solved the ERT when the rewards were directly visible, compared to when they were non-visible. Likewise, in the QDT, the kea exhibited a preference for selecting two pieces of reward over one, with higher success rates observed in the setup with visible rewards. More kea solved the QDT than the ERT. However, not all subjects successfully solved the QDT within the standard 100 trials, and none did so spontaneously from the first session; suggesting that the presence of two outcomes alone is not the only hurdle for subjects to overcome.

在动物认知研究中使用的短暂奖励任务（ERT）看似简单，但对许多实验室动物来说似乎是违反直觉的。我们的研究探索了kea （Nestor notabilis）在此任务中的表现，基于先前使用的方法，在两种不同的设置中：一种是直接可见的奖励呈现，另一种是不可见的奖励加上空间成分。此外，我们调查了他们的能力，使用相同的设置，在基本数量辨别任务（QDT）中选择两个奖励，而不是一个奖励，因为这是ERT的结果，旨在激励最佳选择。结果表明，当奖励直接可见时，与不可见时相比，kea成功解决ERT的比例更大。同样，在QDT中，kea表现出对选择两种奖励的偏好，而不是一种奖励，在有可见奖励的设置中观察到更高的成功率。更多的人解决了QDT而不是ERT。然而，并不是所有的受试者都在标准的100次试验中成功地解决了QDT，而且没有人从第一次试验开始就自发地解决了QDT；这表明，仅仅存在两种结果并不是受试者需要克服的唯一障碍。

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引用次数: 0

Blue light preconditioning as a novel strategy for reducing transport stress in zebrafish 蓝光预处理作为减轻斑马鱼运输应激的新策略。

IF 1.5 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105260

Longfei Huo , Xiaojing Miao , Xuran Zhang , Yi Ren , Qiqi Fu , Jiali Yang , Muqing Liu

In recent years, zebrafish have become increasingly important in experimental sciences, with transportation being a critical step in their use. However, the vibrations during transportation often induce stress responses in the fish, impairing their physiological functions and even leading to death. As a key environmental modulator, light conditions have been shown to significantly affect the physiological state of fish. In this study, we developed a novel experimental setup integrating an adjustable light source and vibration simulation system to replicate transportation conditions and explore the optimal strategies to alleviate fish stress. First, we tested the wavelength preferences of zebrafish in both static and vibrating environments, finding that zebrafish exhibited a significant preference for 455 nm blue light. Subsequently, under consistent light power and illuminance, we measured the impact of different wavelengths of light on zebrafish anxiety behaviors over a two-month period. Further simulated transportation experiments showed that long-term (2 h daily for 14 days) exposure to blue light (455 nm) effectively reduced anxiety-related behaviors in the simulated transportation environment, while short-term exposure to blue light during transportation alone did not alleviate stress. This study confirms the effectiveness of specific blue light (455 nm) in reducing stress responses induced by vibration and provides key insights into optimizing zebrafish transportation protocols, with a particular emphasis on the necessity of light adaptation prior to transport.

近年来，斑马鱼在实验科学中变得越来越重要，运输是利用斑马鱼的关键步骤。然而，运输过程中的振动往往会引起鱼的应激反应，损害它们的生理功能，甚至导致死亡。作为一种关键的环境调节剂，光条件对鱼类的生理状态有显著影响。在这项研究中，我们开发了一种新的实验装置，集成了可调光源和振动模拟系统，以复制运输条件，并探索缓解鱼类压力的最佳策略。首先，我们测试了斑马鱼在静态和振动环境下的波长偏好，发现斑马鱼对455nm的蓝光表现出明显的偏好。随后，在一致的光功率和照度下，我们在两个月的时间里测量了不同波长的光对斑马鱼焦虑行为的影响。进一步的模拟运输实验表明，长时间（每天2小时，持续14天）暴露于蓝光（455nm）可有效减少模拟运输环境中的焦虑相关行为，而在运输过程中短暂暴露于蓝光并不能缓解压力。该研究证实了特定蓝光（455nm）在减少振动引起的应激反应方面的有效性，并为优化斑马鱼运输方案提供了关键见解，特别强调了运输前光适应的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Behavioural variation in the invasive cellar spider Pholcus manueli (Araneae: Pholcidae) 入侵地穴蛛（蜘蛛目：地穴蛛科）的行为变异。

IF 1.5 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105259

Alexander R. Salazar , Ann. L. Rypstra

Behaviours such as boldness and exploration are highly plastic and as such, we expect differences between populations, especially for invasive species. In particular, populations at the leading edge of an invasion front may display differences in these behaviours relative to long established core populations as they are often key to their dispersal and invasion success. Likewise, in species with sexual dimorphism, the importance of these behaviours to invasion success may differ for males and females. Here we report on an invasive cellar spider, Pholcus manueli (Araneae: Pholcidae), that is expanding westward across the United States. We investigated whether boldness in response to simulated predator cues (physical and airborne disturbances) and exploration of a novel environment varied across P. manueli’s invasive range and between males and females. We found significant differences in the reaction to the simulated predator cues, but not in exploration. Although there was variation between the leading edge and core, the greatest differences lay between males and females from core populations when exposed to a puff of air. We additionally investigated whether females would be less selective of a potential mate at the leading edge. We found marginal support for this and uncovered interesting details regarding P. manueli’s mating system, wherein smaller females were more likely to mate than large ones. Overall, we found boldness and mating behaviour differences between the leading edge and core, but our data suggest greater differences lay between the sexes.

大胆和探索等行为是高度可塑的，因此，我们预计种群之间存在差异，特别是对于入侵物种。特别是，相对于长期建立的核心种群，处于入侵前沿的种群可能在这些行为上表现出差异，因为它们往往是它们扩散和入侵成功的关键。同样，在两性异形的物种中，这些行为对入侵成功的重要性对于雄性和雌性来说可能是不同的。在这里，我们报告了一种入侵的地窖蜘蛛，Pholcus manueli（蜘蛛目：蜘蛛科），它正在向西扩展穿过美国。我们调查了雄性和雌性对模拟捕食者线索（物理和空气干扰）的反应和对新环境的探索是否在不同的入侵范围内和雄性和雌性之间有所不同。我们发现对模拟捕食者线索的反应有显著差异，但在探索方面没有。虽然前缘和核心之间存在差异，但最大的差异存在于暴露于一股空气中的核心种群的雄性和雌性之间。我们还研究了雌性是否会对处于前沿的潜在配偶不那么挑剔。我们发现了对这一观点的边缘性支持，并发现了关于马努埃利种交配系统的有趣细节，其中体型较小的雌性比体型较大的雌性更有可能交配。总的来说，我们发现前沿和核心之间的大胆和交配行为存在差异，但我们的数据表明，性别之间的差异更大。

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引用次数: 0

Rats can spontaneously discriminate different rhythms: An investigation using an automated habituation-dishabituation paradigm 大鼠可以自发地区分不同的节奏：一项使用自动习惯-不习惯范式的调查

IF 1.5 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-08-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105257

Reo Wada , Takaki Tomatsuri , Kosuke Yoshida , Shiomi Hakataya , Genta Toya , Kazuo Okanoya , Hiroki Koda

Vocal production learning has been thought to be necessary for rhythmic cognition. However, recent studies have shown that rats, a non-vocal production learning species, are capable of discriminating rhythms and synchronizing to rhythm. Here, we investigated whether rats can spontaneously discriminate between different rhythms by using three types of rhythmic sound stimuli that differ only in the ratio of time intervals. In the experiment, we tested 30 rats by using a newly developed automated habituation-dishabituation paradigm implemented with the recent cutting-edge real-time animal tracking technology. The sound stimulus was automatically switched to a different type of rhythmic time interval ratio depending on the tracked animal's movement activity. For all rhythm orders, sound type switching increased the distance travelled by the rats, suggesting that rats can discriminate between rhythms that differ only in the ratio of time intervals. These results indicate that non-vocal production learning species may also be able to recognize the periodic temporal structure of rhythms.

声乐生产学习被认为是节奏认知的必要条件。然而，最近的研究表明，大鼠是一种非声音生产学习物种，能够区分节奏并与节奏同步。在这里，我们研究了大鼠是否可以自发地通过使用三种类型的有节奏的声音刺激来区分不同的节奏，这些声音刺激只在时间间隔的比例上不同。在实验中，我们对30只大鼠进行了测试，使用最新尖端的实时动物跟踪技术实现了新开发的自动化习惯-不习惯范式。根据被跟踪动物的运动活动，声音刺激会自动切换到不同类型的有节奏的时间间隔比率。对于所有的节奏顺序，声音类型转换增加了大鼠移动的距离，这表明大鼠只能在时间间隔的比例上区分不同的节奏。这些结果表明，非声音生产学习物种也可能能够识别节奏的周期性时间结构。

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引用次数: 0

Understanding fear generalization in adult zebrafish in predator-based assays 在基于捕食者的分析中理解成年斑马鱼的恐惧泛化。

IF 1.5 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-08-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105256

Jiayou Jiang , Jiyi Wang , Daniil D. Martynov , Nikita I. Golushko , Yixin Qin , Yunqian Zhang , Chonguang Zhao , Chaoming Wang , Yucheng Liu , Haoyu Feng , Huiling Cai , Kai He , Shulei He , Ruiyu Li , David S. Galstyan , Longen Yang , Murilo S. de Abreu , Allan V. Kalueff

Critical for behavioral adaptations to various natural threats, fear and its generalization have been extensively studied in mammals, including rodents and primates. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) represents a promising model organism for studying neurobiological bases of emotions and cognitions. Although fear generalization is critical for organismal survival, it remains poorly understood in zebrafish. To address this problem, here we applied a natural predator (Indian leaf fish, Nandus nandus) exposure in various contexts to systematically probe zebrafish behavioral strategies following this vital threat. Overall, our experiments show that zebrafish remember past exposure to a live predator and can generalize this information by avoiding both current and prior locations of the predator in the exposure tank. Collectively, this confirms that zebrafish are capable of generalizing predator fear, and employ advanced cognitive processes (similar to those observed in mammals) in their behavioral strategies when exposed to vital threats.

在哺乳动物（包括啮齿动物和灵长类动物）中，恐惧及其普遍化对适应各种自然威胁的行为至关重要。斑马鱼（Danio rerio）是研究情绪和认知的神经生物学基础的有前途的模式生物。尽管恐惧泛化对生物体的生存至关重要，但对斑马鱼的恐惧泛化仍然知之甚少。为了解决这个问题，我们在不同的环境中使用天然捕食者（印度叶鱼，Nandus Nandus）暴露来系统地探索斑马鱼在这种重要威胁后的行为策略。总的来说，我们的实验表明，斑马鱼记得过去接触过一个活生生的捕食者，并且可以通过避开暴露池中捕食者现在和以前的位置来概括这些信息。总的来说，这证实了斑马鱼有能力概括对捕食者的恐惧，并在面对重大威胁时采用复杂的认知过程（类似于在哺乳动物中观察到的）来制定行为策略。

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引用次数: 0

Quantification of sea turtle swimming patterns using a standardized arena to minimize effort in welfare assessment 使用标准化竞技场对海龟的游泳模式进行量化，以尽量减少福利评估的工作量

IF 1.5 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105200

Naoto K. Inoue

Welfare assessment of captive sea turtles has become increasingly important as the need for lifelong care grows. The most valuable indicator of sea turtle welfare is behavioral assessment, as it is non-invasive and more cost-effective than other methods such as physical, nutritional, and environmental assessments. In particular, a higher proportion and longer duration of specific swimming patterns indicate negative sea turtle welfare. However, welfare assessment has been hampered by the efforts required to standardize behavioral criteria across observers and to monitor the environmental factors that influence behavior. To alleviate these efforts, a novel framework to automatically quantify sea turtle swimming within an environmentally standardized arena is proposed in this study. Applying this framework to hatchlings showed its ability to detect individual differences in swimming patterns. Some individuals, with a higher proportion and longer duration of specific swimming patterns, showed signs of poor nutritional or physical condition. These results suggest that accumulating quantitative data through this framework could facilitate the development of individual-level welfare assessment criteria.

随着对终身护理需求的增长，圈养海龟的福利评估变得越来越重要。行为评估是海龟福利最有价值的指标，因为它是无创的，比其他方法（如身体，营养和环境评估）更具成本效益。特别是，特定游泳模式的比例较高和持续时间较长表明海龟的福利为负。然而，福利评估由于需要努力使观察者的行为标准标准化和监测影响行为的环境因素而受到阻碍。为了减轻这些努力，本研究提出了一个新的框架来自动量化海龟在环境标准化舞台上的游泳。将这一框架应用于孵化的幼崽，显示了它探测游泳模式个体差异的能力。某些特定游泳模式的比例较高、持续时间较长的个体，表现出营养或身体状况不佳的迹象。这些结果表明，通过这一框架积累定量数据有助于制定个人层面的福利评估标准。

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引用次数: 0