Behavioural Processes最新文献_第4页

Playing or fighting? Home cage dynamics in crowding or social instability paradigms contribute to stress and reproductive impairments in adult female Wistar rats 玩还是打？拥挤或社会不稳定范式下的家笼动态对成年雌性Wistar大鼠应激和生殖障碍的影响

IF 1.5 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105301

Marilou Poitras , Élodie A. Ouellette , Sergio M. Pellis , Hélène Plamondon

Play fighting represents a key behavioral component in group-housed rats, yet its contribution to the outcomes of social stress paradigms remains unassessed. This study characterized play fighting behaviors over time in two social stress conditions involving crowding. We also evaluated whether play style was associated with changes in stress and reproductive signalling.

Methodology

56 adult female Wistar rats were exposed to 21 days of high density housing (HDH; 8/cage, stable groups) or social instability (SIS; alternating days of isolation and HDH, unstable groups). Home-cage behaviors and corticosterone were determined at discrete timepoints throughout the protocol exposure. Rats (12/stress group) were categorized as high (HP) or low (LP) players to examine how play profiles influenced stress response and reproductive impairments.

Results

In both groups, player profiles remained stable throughout the housing period. SIS rats performed more nape contacts and pins than HDH rats, but showed shorter pin length. HP-SIS rats had significantly heavier adrenal glands than LP-SIS rats and HP-HDH rats, and spent more days in estrus compared to HP-HDH. Corticosterone secretion profiles were differentiated by an immediate rise in HDH rats compared to delayed increase observed in the SIS group, although player types showed no further associations.

Conclusions

In unstable social environments such as SIS, short, frequent pins may reflect recurrent attempts to establish social hierarchies, with high-playing SIS rats showing increased adrenal weights relative to low-playing and HDH counterparts. These findings support the hypothesis that play behaviors serve distinct purposes depending on the social context.

游戏打斗是群养大鼠的一个关键行为组成部分，但它对社会压力范式结果的贡献仍未得到评估。这项研究描述了在两种涉及拥挤的社会压力条件下，随着时间的推移，游戏中的打斗行为。我们还评估了游戏风格是否与压力和生殖信号的变化有关。方法：将56只成年雌性Wistar大鼠暴露于21天的高密度居住环境（HDH， 8只/笼，稳定组）或社会不稳定环境（SIS，隔离和HDH交替进行，不稳定组）。在整个方案暴露过程中，在离散时间点测定家庭笼行为和皮质酮。大鼠（12/压力组）被分为高（HP）或低（LP）玩家，以研究游戏概况如何影响应激反应和生殖障碍。结果：在这两组中，玩家资料在整个住房期间保持稳定。与HDH大鼠相比，SIS大鼠进行更多的颈背接触和钉针，但钉针长度较短。HP-SIS大鼠的肾上腺明显比LP-SIS大鼠和HP-HDH大鼠重，发情时间比HP-HDH大鼠长。与SIS组观察到的延迟性增加相比，HDH组大鼠的CORT分泌情况立即增加，尽管玩家类型没有进一步的关联。结论：在不稳定的社会环境中，如SIS，短而频繁的pins可能反映了反复尝试建立社会等级，高玩SIS大鼠的肾上腺重量相对于低玩和HDH大鼠增加。这些发现支持了一个假设，即游戏行为根据社会背景有不同的目的。

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引用次数: 0

T-maze navigation by juvenile wolf spiders provides evidence for learning 小狼蛛的t型迷宫导航为学习提供了证据。

IF 1.5 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105300

Hailey C. Shannon , Ann L. Rypstra

Mobile animals must effectively navigate through their environments to locate resources and avoid threats. In this study we designed a protocol to examine navigation in cursorial spiders and tested it on the wolf spider Tigrosa helluo . Using a modified T-maze, we explored the ability of T. helluo spiderlings (N = 15) to successfully locate a hide and avoid aversive stimuli of heat and light produced from heat lamps. The hide was paired with either a gray or black-and-white background pattern to explore potential use of visual stimuli to navigate. The novel paradigm deployed here involved pairing the hide with the non-preferred pattern. Spiderlings underwent 50 trials in the maze over five consecutive days and demonstrated significant improvement in hide entering latency and reliability both within and across days. Performance plateaued after the second day, with some differences in performance between clutches. Examination of spiderlings’ first side entries (choices) and entry into the terminal portions of the arms (decisions) suggested that they were not associating the patterns with the presence of the hide, but highlighted changes in choice and decision behaviors over time. When choices and decisions mismatched, however, spiderlings more often made a wrong choice−correct decision combination than the reverse, hinting that some evaluation was indeed occurring once inside an arm. Whereas our results suggest that the spiderlings learned to navigate to the hide better over time, further investigations are needed to determine the mechanism(s) they may be employing to do so.

移动的动物必须有效地在它们的环境中导航，以定位资源并避免威胁。在这项研究中，我们设计了一种协议来检查游标蜘蛛的导航，并在狼蛛Tigrosa helluo （Walckenaer, 1837）上进行了测试。利用改进的t型迷宫，我们探索了T. helluo蜘蛛（N=15）成功找到藏身之处并避开热灯产生的热和光的厌恶刺激的能力。研究人员将这些皮与灰色或黑白背景图案配对，以探索视觉刺激在导航中的潜在用途。这里部署的新范式涉及将隐藏与非首选模式配对。蜘蛛在连续五天的迷宫中进行了50次试验，并在几天内和几天内证明了躲藏进入延迟和可靠性的显着改善。第二天之后，离合器的性能趋于稳定，不同离合器的性能有所不同。对蜘蛛的第一个侧面进入（选择）和进入手臂末端部分（决定）的检查表明，它们并没有将这些模式与隐藏的存在联系起来，而是强调了随着时间的推移，选择和决策行为的变化。然而，当选择和决定不匹配时，蜘蛛更经常做出错误的选择-正确的决定组合，而不是相反，这暗示一些评估确实发生在手臂内。虽然我们的研究结果表明，随着时间的推移，小蜘蛛学会了更好地导航到隐藏处，但需要进一步的研究来确定它们可能采用的机制。

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引用次数: 0

Nuances in fish combat: Exploring male and female differences in the agonistic behavior of an Amazonian cichlid 鱼类战斗中的细微差别：探索亚马逊慈鲷的雄性和雌性斗争行为的差异。

IF 1.5 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105299

Carolina G. Sarmento , Thaís B. Carvalho , Helder L. de Queiroz

Agonistic interactions are present in the competition for limited resources in virtually all groups of social animals. However, little is known about the ways males and females dispute resources or defend or care for offspring. Here, we investigated how the contests between adults of the Amazonian flag cichlid (Mesonauta insignis (Heckel, 1840)) take place in intra- and intersex encounters in a neutral environment, and whether males and females are able to fight equally for the same resources. We captured individuals in the wild and staged size-matched encounters under controlled conditions. Our analysis revealed distinct contest phases, with statistical differences in aggressive unit frequency and time spent specifically between phase 1 and phase 2, corroborating an escalation dynamic. Half of those contests showed distinct phases, and a clear escalation in aggression and in injury risk. Although both sexes expressed the same levels of aggression and the same cost of contest in their engagements, other sexual differences in their aggressive interaction strategy were detected. Males proved to be more cautious when engaged in same-sex contests. Contest costs increased with body size of females in same-sex and in intersex encounters. We discuss the implications of our results in supporting the idea that both sexes of Amazonian flag cichlids engage in agonistic encounters to achieve similar goals, but they show sex-specific aspects when doing so. This study provides valuable insights into the ecological and behavioral drivers, such as distinct escalation dynamics and sex-specific competitive strategies, in cichlids.

在几乎所有群居动物群体中，对有限资源的竞争都存在着激烈的相互作用。然而，人们对雄性和雌性争夺资源、保护或照顾后代的方式知之甚少。在这里，我们研究了亚马逊旗鱼（Mesonauta insignis, Heckel, 1840）在中性环境中雌雄同体的竞争是如何发生的，以及雄性和雌性是否能够平等地争夺相同的资源。我们在野外捕获个体，并在控制条件下进行大小匹配的接触。我们的分析揭示了不同的竞争阶段，特别是在第一阶段和第二阶段之间，在攻击单位频率和时间上存在统计差异，证实了升级动态。其中一半的比赛表现出不同的阶段，攻击性和受伤风险明显上升。尽管两性在交往中表现出相同的攻击性水平和相同的竞争成本，但他们在攻击性互动策略上的其他性别差异也被发现了。事实证明，雄性在进行同性竞争时更为谨慎。在同性和双性人相遇中，竞争成本随着女性体型的增加而增加。我们讨论了我们的结果的含义，以支持亚马逊旗鲷的两性参与激烈的遭遇，以实现类似的目标，但他们在这样做时表现出性别特定的方面。本研究对慈鲷的生态和行为驱动因素提供了有价值的见解，如不同的升级动态和性别特定的竞争策略。

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引用次数: 0

Rats show qualitative sex differences in interaction preferences among unfamiliar same-sex conspecifics 大鼠在不熟悉的同性间表现出质的性别差异。

IF 1.5 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-10-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105298

Yuki Ippongi, Yasushi Kiyokawa, Yukari Takeuchi

In social animals, behaviors toward conspecifics are influenced by group information of other individuals. One component of group information in rats is their strains. Our previous study suggests that rats can change their social interactions depending on the strain of unfamiliar same-sex individuals. In a 60-min preference test using a three-chamber apparatus, we observed that the male Wistar subjects interacted more with Wistar and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats than with Fischer344 (F344) rats. In contrast, the subjects showed similar levels of interaction with Wistar and SD rats. Examination of the genealogy of these strains revealed that the SD strain was established from the Wistar strain, whereas the F344 strain was established independently from the Wistar strain. Therefore, male Wistar rats appear to prefer interacting with unfamiliar rats with greater genetic similarity. Here, we assessed whether female rats also prefer to interact with strains with greater genetic similarity. In Experiment 1, unlike the male subjects, the female Wistar subjects interacted more with F344 rats than with Wistar rats. In Experiment 2, whereas the female Wistar subjects interacted more with SD rats than with Wistar rats, they showed similar levels of interaction with SD and F344 rats. Experiment 3 confirmed that these results were not due to an aversion to Wistar rats. Based on these results, we conclude that rats exhibit qualitative sex differences in their interactions with unfamiliar same-sex individuals. Whereas male rats prefer to interact with strains with greater genetic similarity, female rats prioritize strains with greater novelty.

在群居动物中，对同种动物的行为受到其他个体群体信息的影响。大鼠群体信息的一个组成部分是它们的品系。我们之前的研究表明，老鼠可以根据不熟悉的同性个体的压力来改变它们的社会互动。在60分钟的三室偏好测试中，我们观察到雄性Wistar受试者与Wistar和Sprague-Dawley （SD）大鼠的互动多于与Fischer344 （F344）大鼠的互动。相比之下，受试者与Wistar和SD大鼠表现出相似水平的相互作用。对这些菌株的谱系分析表明，SD菌株是从Wistar菌株中分离出来的，而F344菌株是独立于Wistar菌株分离出来的。因此，雄性Wistar大鼠似乎更喜欢与遗传相似性较大的不熟悉的大鼠互动。在这里，我们评估了雌性大鼠是否也喜欢与遗传相似性较大的菌株相互作用。在实验1中，与男性受试者不同，女性Wistar受试者与F344大鼠的互动多于与Wistar大鼠的互动。在实验2中，雌性Wistar被试与SD大鼠的互动多于与Wistar大鼠的互动，但与SD大鼠和F344大鼠的互动水平相似。实验3证实了这些结果不是由于对Wistar大鼠的厌恶。基于这些结果，我们得出结论，大鼠在与不熟悉的同性个体的互动中表现出定性的性别差异。雄性大鼠更喜欢与基因相似度更高的菌株互动，而雌性大鼠则优先选择更新颖的菌株。

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引用次数: 0

Species-specific behavioural responses to peripheral arginine vasopressin in two African striped mice (genus Rhabdomys) 两种非洲条纹小鼠（横纹肌属）对外周精氨酸抗利尿激素的物种特异性行为反应。

IF 1.5 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105284

Candice Nikita Neves , Tasmin Lee Rymer , Kirsty-Jane Hartman , Neville Pillay

Peripheral arginine vasopressin (AVP) administration modulates social behaviour in several mammalian species, although its effects are inconsistent and can be species- and context-specific. We investigated whether peripheral AVP modulates behavioural responses in females of two closely related African striped mouse species that differ in social organisation: group-living Rhabdomys pumilio and solitary-living R. dilectus dilectus. Using a three-chamber sociability and social novelty test, we investigated the behavioural responses of focal females, following saline, low-dose or high-dose subcutaneous AVP injections, to either familiar or novel stimulus females. We recorded the duration of time spent in the chambers of each stimulus female, the number of approaches, and the duration of affiliative and aggressive behaviours. Under high AVP, both species spent more time with, and made more approaches to, stimulus females, suggesting enhanced activity or investigatory behaviour. Specifically, under high AVP, R. d. dilectus showed increased affiliative behaviour toward familiar females, while R. pumilio generally showed greater aggression overall and more affiliative behaviour towards the novel female under high AVP. Our findings suggest that peripheral AVP can modulate certain aspects of social behaviour in Rhabdomys, although the underlying mechanisms (social, arousal-based or locomotor) remain untested. These results highlight the importance of considering species differences and peripheral neuropeptide effects when evaluating the associations between AVP expression and behaviour.

外周精氨酸抗利尿激素（AVP）的施用调节了几种哺乳动物的社会行为，尽管其影响是不一致的，可能是物种和环境特异性的。我们研究了外周AVP是否会调节两种社会组织不同的近亲非洲条纹鼠雌性的行为反应：群居生活的Rhabdomys pumilio和独居生活的dilectus dilectus。利用三室社交能力和社会新颖性测试，我们研究了在生理盐水、低剂量或高剂量AVP皮下注射后，对熟悉或新的雌性刺激的行为反应。我们记录了每只受刺激的雌性花在房间里的时间，接近的次数，以及亲近和攻击行为的持续时间。在高AVP下，两个物种花更多的时间和更多的方法来刺激雌性，表明活动或调查行为增强。具体而言，在高AVP下，dilecdrus对熟悉的雌性表现出更强的亲和行为，而在高AVP下，pumilio总体上表现出更强的攻击性和对新雌性的亲和行为。我们的研究结果表明，外周AVP可以调节横纹肌症社交行为的某些方面，尽管潜在的机制（社交、觉醒或运动）尚未得到验证。这些结果强调了在评估AVP表达和行为之间的关系时考虑物种差异和周围神经肽效应的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Repellent effect of selected essential oils against the wolf spider Pardosa hortensis (Araneae: Lycosidae) 所选精油对狼蛛的驱避作用。

IF 1.5 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105283

Marek Chajduk , Marek Gołębiowski , Marzena Stańska , Christophe Lucas

Spiders play a vital role in ecosystem balance, contributing to insect population control and biodiversity maintenance. However, their presence can cause fear and anxiety in humans, particularly those affected with arachnophobia. As spiders increasingly appear in human environments due to global climatic changes, even non synanthropic species, there is a growing need for effective and natural repellents - not only to reduce human discomfort but also to protect spiders by encouraging them to avoid urban areas and reducing unnecessary fatalities. In this study, we investigated the potential repellent properties of ten essential oils against female wolf spiders Pardosa hortensis (Araneae: Lycosidae), a very common grass species from the second-largest spider genus in the world that may occasionally venture into human surroundings. Through chemical analysis and binary choice behavioral tests, we identified five oils - catnip, cedarwood, cinnamon, citronella, and clove - that significantly deterred spider activity. Chemical constituents such as eugenol, β-caryophyllene, and geraniol likely contribute to these repellent effects. While further research is needed to validate these findings across diverse spider species, our study highlights the potential of essential oils and essential oil yielding plants as natural spider repellents, either at the entrances of houses or as natural garden defenses with specific plants. Altogether, it gives promise for arachnid management strategies and for mitigating conflicts between humans and spiders.

蜘蛛在生态系统平衡中起着至关重要的作用，有助于控制昆虫种群数量和维持生物多样性。然而，它们的存在会引起人类的恐惧和焦虑，尤其是那些患有蜘蛛恐惧症的人。由于全球气候变化，蜘蛛越来越多地出现在人类环境中，即使是非共生物种，也越来越需要有效的天然驱虫剂-不仅可以减少人类的不适，还可以通过鼓励蜘蛛避开城市地区来保护它们，减少不必要的死亡。在本研究中，我们研究了10种精油对雌性狼蛛（蜘蛛目：狼蛛科）的潜在驱避特性，狼蛛是世界上第二大蜘蛛属的一种非常常见的草种，偶尔会冒险进入人类环境。通过化学分析和二元选择行为测试，我们确定了五种精油——猫薄荷、雪松木、肉桂、香茅和丁香——可以显著阻止蜘蛛的活动。化学成分，如丁香酚，β-石竹烯和香叶醇可能有助于这些驱避效果。虽然需要进一步的研究来验证不同蜘蛛物种的这些发现，但我们的研究强调了精油和产精油植物作为天然蜘蛛驱蚊剂的潜力，无论是在房屋入口处还是作为具有特定植物的天然花园防御。总之，它为蛛形纲动物的管理策略和缓解人类与蜘蛛之间的冲突提供了希望。

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引用次数: 0

Time estimation variability in delay discounting: Model comparison and considerations 延迟折扣中的时间估计可变性：模型比较和考虑。

IF 1.5 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105281

Brett W. Gelino , Madison E. Graham , Justin C. Strickland , Matthew W. Johnson , Derek D. Reed

Delay discounting describes an organism’s sensitivity to delayed consequences. The advent of hyperboloid discounting models introduced the s discounting parameter, a fitted metric that reduces residual variance when working with human subjects. Mathematically, discounting s allows for a nonlinear relation between consequence (A) and delay (D) and could be conceptually accounted for as a psychophysical scalar that describes subjective differences in the rate of time passage. This study offers a proof-of-concept examination of hyperboloid s in relation to participant time-based experiences. A crowdsourced sample of adults (N = 211) completed tasks measuring time estimation (i.e., reporting how much time passed during a distractor task) and temporal distance estimation (i.e., reporting how temporally distant a delay feels). Participants generally underestimated durations in the time estimation task, where income and completion of a preceding day-framed discounting task (versus date-framed), but not Myerson and Green’s s (b = −0.19), and modestly Rachlin’s s (b = 0.82), exhibited a statistically significant relation with time estimation accuracy. Similarly, participant age and delay framing, but not hyperboloid s, exhibited a statistically significant relation with temporal distance estimation discrepancies. Broadly, data suggest that s may not be accounting for differences in time estimation as measured in this sample. At most, the modest effect observed for Rachlin’s s suggests limited conceptual value, meriting further consideration of the metric’s account of subject-level differences.

延迟贴现描述了生物体对延迟后果的敏感性。双曲面折现模型的出现引入了折现参数，这是一个拟合的度量，在与人类受试者一起工作时减少了剩余方差。从数学上讲，贴现s允许结果(a)和延迟(D)之间的非线性关系，并且可以在概念上解释为描述时间流逝速度的主观差异的心理物理标量。本研究提供了双曲面s与参与者基于时间的经验的概念验证检验。一个由成年人组成的众包样本（N = 211）完成了测量时间估计（即报告在分心任务中花了多少时间）和时间距离估计（即报告延迟的时间距离）的任务。参与者普遍低估了时间估计任务的持续时间，其中收入和完成前一天的折扣任务（相对于日期框架），但Myerson和Green的s （b = -0.19）和Rachlin的s （b = 0.82）与时间估计准确性表现出统计学上显著的关系。同样，参与者的年龄和延迟帧，而不是双曲面s，与时间距离估计差异表现出统计学上显著的关系。总的来说，数据表明s可能没有考虑到在这个样本中测量的时间估计的差异。至多，对Rachlin’s s观察到的适度效应表明，概念价值有限，值得进一步考虑该指标对主体水平差异的解释。

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引用次数: 0

Flavor learning conditioned by sugars, oil and umami stimuli in weanling male rats and its retention 糖、油和鲜味刺激对断奶雄性大鼠味觉学习的影响及其保持。

IF 1.5 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105282

Kayoko Ueji, Takashi Yamamoto

Conditioned flavor preferences and aversions in weanling rats have not been well studied. Our previous study demonstrated that weanling male rats (3 weeks old) could develop conditioned flavor preferences when low, but not high, concentrations of sucrose solutions were used as unconditioned stimuli (USs). To confirm and extend these findings, we examined whether weanling male rats could acquire flavor learning when the USs were glucose, fructose, vegetable oil, or umami substances such as monosodium glutamate (MSG) and inosine monophosphate (IMP). During the acquisition phase, the rats consumed water with one flavor (cherry or grape) and a US solution with another flavor (grape or cherry) on alternative days over 6 consecutive days. The rats developed significant preferences for the flavor previously paired with 2 % glucose, 2 % vegetable oil, or a mixture of 0.05 M MSG and 0.01 M IMP. They exhibited significant aversions to flavors paired with 30 % fructose but showed no flavor learning when paired with 30 % glucose, 2 % fructose, 10 or 50 % vegetable oil, 0.05 or 0.1 M MSG, or 0.01 M IMP. The acquired flavor preferences for vegetable oil and the MSG and IMP mixture persisted into adulthood (20 weeks old). These results confirm our previous findings that weanling rats can develop flavor preferences when low concentrations of palatable stimuli are paired with flavors.

断奶大鼠的条件风味偏好和厌恶尚未得到很好的研究。我们之前的研究表明，断奶雄性大鼠（3周龄）在使用低浓度（而不是高浓度）蔗糖溶液作为非条件刺激（USs）时，可以产生条件风味偏好。为了证实和扩展这些发现，我们研究了断奶雄性大鼠在使用葡萄糖、果糖、植物油或鲜味物质如味精（MSG）和一磷酸肌苷（IMP）时是否能够获得味觉学习。在获得阶段，大鼠连续6天交替饮用一种口味的水（樱桃或葡萄）和另一种口味的水（葡萄或樱桃）。大鼠对先前与2%葡萄糖、2%植物油或0.05 m味精和0.01M IMP混合的口味表现出明显的偏好。它们对与30%果糖搭配的口味表现出明显的厌恶，但当与30%葡萄糖、2%果糖、10%或50%植物油、0.05 m或0.1M味精或0.01M IMP搭配时，它们没有表现出味觉学习能力。对植物油和味精和IMP混合物的获得性口味偏好持续到成年（20周大）。这些结果证实了我们之前的发现，即当低浓度的美味刺激与味道配对时，断奶大鼠可以发展出对味道的偏好。

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引用次数: 0

Behavioral responses of holstein friesian and anatolian black cows to climate variability 荷斯坦黑牛和安纳托利亚黑牛对气候变率的行为反应。

IF 1.5 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105280

Çağrı Melikşah Sakar , İlker Ünal , Engin Ünay , Yasin Ergi̇den , Pınar Özdemi̇r , Nurgül Erdal , Solmaz Özkan , Uğur Zülkadi̇r

This study examined the behavioral and physiological responses of dairy cows and native cattle to varying climatic conditions using the Comprehensive Climate Index (CCI). The experimental animals comprised 16 cows in total, with equal representation from two breeds: Holstein Friesian (HF; n = 8) and Anatolian Black (AB; n = 8). Over the course of one year (September 2019 to September 2020), wearable sensor technologies were used to continuously monitor hourly and daily patterns of physical activity (high-active, basic-active, not-active), eating, rumination, and ear temperature. Results indicated that HF cows generally displayed greater levels of active behavior, eating, and rumination, whereas AB cows spent more time in basic-active and not-active states. Both breeds exhibited increased activity and reduced rumination and resting time as thermal stress intensified across CCI categories. Feeding behavior was most prominent under moderate, thermoneutral conditions. Diurnal rhythms showed increased activity and ear temperatures during daylight hours, with rumination and resting behaviors concentrated at night, reflecting behavioral strategies for thermoregulation. Notably, AB cows maintained more stable behavioral patterns across climatic conditions, suggesting a higher level of heat adaptability. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating breed-specific climate resilience into dairy management strategies to safeguard welfare and productivity.

本研究利用综合气候指数（CCI）研究了奶牛和本地牛对不同气候条件的行为和生理反应。实验动物共16头，平均代表性来自两个品种：荷斯坦弗里西亚（HF, n=8）和安纳托利亚黑（AB, n=8）。在一年的时间里（2019年9月至2020年9月），可穿戴传感器技术被用来连续监测每小时和每天的身体活动模式（高活动、基本活动、不活动）、饮食、反刍和耳朵温度。结果表明，HF奶牛普遍表现出更高水平的活动行为、进食和反刍，而AB奶牛则在基本活动和不活动状态下花费更多时间。随着热应激的加剧，两个品种的活动增加，反刍和休息时间减少。在温和、热中性的条件下，摄食行为最为突出。昼夜节律显示白天活动和耳朵温度增加，反刍和休息行为集中在晚上，反映了体温调节的行为策略。值得注意的是，AB型奶牛在各种气候条件下都能保持更稳定的行为模式，这表明它们具有更高的热适应性。这些发现强调了将特定品种的气候适应能力纳入乳制品管理战略以保障福利和生产力的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

A computational perspective on rapid reacquisition: Phenotype-specific effects of reinforcement history 快速再获取的计算视角：强化历史的表型特异性效应。

IF 1.5 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105278

John Michael Falligant , Shane H. Phillips , Michael P. Kranak , Bryan Klapes

Rapid reacquisition refers to the recurrence of a previously eliminated behavior following the response-dependent reintroduction of the reinforcer that originally maintained it. Woods and Bouton (2007) demonstrated that rapid reacquisition was attenuated when behavior was decelerated using intermittent reinforcement rather than extinction—a finding attributed to the reduced discriminability of reinforcer reintroduction under intermittent schedules. The present study used artificial organisms (AOs) animated by the Evolutionary Theory of Behavior Dynamics (ETBD) to evaluate the extent to which rapid reacquisition and its mitigation can be captured within a computational framework. AOs with phenotypes characterized by a high sensitivity to environmental contingencies exhibited reduced reacquisition of the target response following intermittent reinforcement compared to extinction, replicating prior findings. In contrast, AOs with diminished sensitivity to environmental changes showed little difference in reacquisition across response elimination conditions; instead, their relapse was primarily driven by the density of reinforcement in the reacquisition challenge condition. These findings revealed that susceptibility to disruption varied systematically with mutation rate, offering a computational perspective on how reinforcement sensitivity modulates behavioral persistence. These findings suggest that the impact of reinforcement history on relapse is phenotype-dependent and potentially shaped by operant variability. This study is the first to demonstrate rapid reacquisition using the ETBD and provides a foundation for future theoretical and translational investigations of relapse and resistance to change.

快速再习得是指先前被消除的行为在最初维持它的强化因素的响应依赖性重新引入之后再次出现。Woods和Bouton（2007）证明，当使用间歇性强化而不是灭绝来减缓行为时，快速重新获取会减弱——这一发现归因于间歇性计划下强化物重新引入的可辨别性降低。本研究使用由行为动力学进化理论（ETBD）激活的人工生物（ao）来评估在计算框架内捕获快速再捕获及其缓解的程度。与灭绝相比，具有对环境偶然性高度敏感的表型的AOs在间歇性强化后表现出目标反应的重新获取减少，重复了先前的研究结果。与此相反，对环境变化敏感性降低的AOs在不同的响应消除条件下的再捕获差异不大；相反，他们的复发主要是由重新获得挑战条件下的强化密度驱动的。这些发现揭示了对破坏的易感性随突变率系统性地变化，为强化敏感性如何调节行为持久性提供了计算视角。这些发现表明，强化史对复发的影响是表型依赖的，并可能由操作变异性决定。这项研究首次证明了使用ETBD的快速再获取，并为未来复发和变化抵抗的理论和转化研究奠定了基础。

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