Pub Date : 2025-05-01Epub Date: 2025-04-15DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105189
Kristie E. Cameron, Cameron Hoult, Thomas W. Walker
The guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) is a species utilized as a model in laboratory science and is a popular companion animal. The study aimed to assess the role of line-of-sight with a food reinforcer in the ramp climbing behaviour of guinea pigs. Ten guinea pigs climbed a ramp of increasing slopes to gain a reinforcer in two conditions. The experimental condition provided constant line-of-sight with the food reinforcer at any angle, via a mirror placed at the top of the ramp. The control condition did not have a mirror. The results showed that guinea pigs had shorter climbing durations and reached ramp heights of up to 63 centimetres, when line-of-sight with the food was maintained. In comparison, ramp climbing was initially faster, but guinea pigs did not climb beyond a height of 18 centimetres in the control condition. The findings highlight the importance of ensuring visual access to reinforcers in behavioural studies and to inform husbandry practices such as providing guidance when ramps are used to enhance enclosures.
{"title":"The role of line-of-sight in operant experiments using food reinforcers in guinea pigs","authors":"Kristie E. Cameron, Cameron Hoult, Thomas W. Walker","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The guinea pig (<em>Cavia porcellus</em>) is a species utilized as a model in laboratory science and is a popular companion animal. The study aimed to assess the role of line-of-sight with a food reinforcer in the ramp climbing behaviour of guinea pigs. Ten guinea pigs climbed a ramp of increasing slopes to gain a reinforcer in two conditions. The experimental condition provided constant line-of-sight with the food reinforcer at any angle, via a mirror placed at the top of the ramp. The control condition did not have a mirror. The results showed that guinea pigs had shorter climbing durations and reached ramp heights of up to 63 centimetres, when line-of-sight with the food was maintained. In comparison, ramp climbing was initially faster, but guinea pigs did not climb beyond a height of 18 centimetres in the control condition. The findings highlight the importance of ensuring visual access to reinforcers in behavioural studies and to inform husbandry practices such as providing guidance when ramps are used to enhance enclosures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 105189"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-01Epub Date: 2025-05-09DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105209
Lindsay Essig Croghan , Tom Byrne , Alan Poling
Twenty-four rats were initially trained to press a target lever under a variable-interval 30-s schedule of food delivery. Then, responses on that lever were extinguished and responses on an alternative lever were reinforced under the same schedule. Finally, target responses continued to be extinguished for all rats. For one group of rats, extinction was also arranged for alternative responses. For two groups of rats, the lever on which alternative responses occurred was retracted. No food was presented to one of those groups and food was presented under a variable-time schedule to the other. In all groups, the rate of occurrence of the target response at the beginning of the final condition exceeded the rate of occurrence at the end of the second condition, indicating resurgence. The number of target responses during the final condition was highest in the group with the lever removed and food presented independently of responding, second highest in the group with the lever removed, and lowest in the group with both levers present and no food delivered. These findings demonstrate that removing the opportunity to emit an operant response can induce resurgence, even when the stimulus that maintained such responding continues to be presented. Possible clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
{"title":"Removing the opportunity to respond induces resurgence","authors":"Lindsay Essig Croghan , Tom Byrne , Alan Poling","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Twenty-four rats were initially trained to press a target lever under a variable-interval 30-s schedule of food delivery. Then, responses on that lever were extinguished and responses on an alternative lever were reinforced under the same schedule. Finally, target responses continued to be extinguished for all rats. For one group of rats, extinction was also arranged for alternative responses. For two groups of rats, the lever on which alternative responses occurred was retracted. No food was presented to one of those groups and food was presented under a variable-time schedule to the other. In all groups, the rate of occurrence of the target response at the beginning of the final condition exceeded the rate of occurrence at the end of the second condition, indicating resurgence. The number of target responses during the final condition was highest in the group with the lever removed and food presented independently of responding, second highest in the group with the lever removed, and lowest in the group with both levers present and no food delivered. These findings demonstrate that removing the opportunity to emit an operant response can induce resurgence, even when the stimulus that maintained such responding continues to be presented. Possible clinical implications of these findings are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 105209"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143934815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-01Epub Date: 2025-04-15DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105199
João V. Borba , Cássio M. Resmim , Barbara D. Fontana , Hevelyn S. Moraes , Mariana L. Müller , Laura Blanco , Angela E. Uchoa , Matthew O. Parker , Denis B. Rosemberg
The Open Field Test (OFT) is a valuable paradigm to study the effects of distinct anxiety-like states on exploratory dynamics. Zebrafish responds to anxiogenic and anxiolytic protocols in the OFT, but the influence of such manipulations on the habituation process is still unclear. Here, we aimed to elucidate how distinct anxiety modulators influence thigmotaxis over time and thrashing behavior. For this, adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) were submitted to the morphine (1.5 mg/L) withdrawal protocol (MOR) and acute conspecific alarm substance (CAS) at 3.5 mL/L for 5 min as anxiogenic exposures. For anxiolytic treatments, we selected acute ethanol (ETOH) at 0.5 % (v/v) for 1 h and acute fluoxetine (FLU) at 100 µg/L for 15 min. Then, fish were individually transferred to a 10-min OFT trial, with posterior analysis of behavioral activity. While MOR responses comprised hyperactivity, higher thigmotaxis, and increased thrashing, CAS showed heightened total immobility. ETOH exposure decreased time spent and distance traveled in the periphery, thrashing behavior, and locomotion. FLU group spent less time in the periphery, showing decreased thigmotaxis and thrashing. Pearson analyses contributed to elucidate how endpoint data correlate to each other, reinforcing the distinct responses observed. Overall, our study reinforces the differential effects evoked by anxiogenic and anxiolytic protocols regarding thigmotaxis. Moreover, our results suggest that thrashing behavior configures a valuable tool to improve behavioral analyses in the OFT, contributing to further in-depth investigations related to distinct anxiety-like states.
{"title":"Anxiogenic and anxiolytic modulators differentially affect thigmotaxis and thrashing behavior in adult zebrafish during habituation to the open field test","authors":"João V. Borba , Cássio M. Resmim , Barbara D. Fontana , Hevelyn S. Moraes , Mariana L. Müller , Laura Blanco , Angela E. Uchoa , Matthew O. Parker , Denis B. Rosemberg","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Open Field Test (OFT) is a valuable paradigm to study the effects of distinct anxiety-like states on exploratory dynamics. Zebrafish responds to anxiogenic and anxiolytic protocols in the OFT, but the influence of such manipulations on the habituation process is still unclear. Here, we aimed to elucidate how distinct anxiety modulators influence thigmotaxis over time and thrashing behavior. For this, adult zebrafish (<em>Danio rerio</em>) were submitted to the morphine (1.5 mg/L) withdrawal protocol (MOR) and acute conspecific alarm substance (CAS) at 3.5 mL/L for 5 min as anxiogenic exposures. For anxiolytic treatments, we selected acute ethanol (ETOH) at 0.5 % (v/v) for 1 h and acute fluoxetine (FLU) at 100 µg/L for 15 min. Then, fish were individually transferred to a 10-min OFT trial, with posterior analysis of behavioral activity. While MOR responses comprised hyperactivity, higher thigmotaxis, and increased thrashing, CAS showed heightened total immobility. ETOH exposure decreased time spent and distance traveled in the periphery, thrashing behavior, and locomotion. FLU group spent less time in the periphery, showing decreased thigmotaxis and thrashing. Pearson analyses contributed to elucidate how endpoint data correlate to each other, reinforcing the distinct responses observed. Overall, our study reinforces the differential effects evoked by anxiogenic and anxiolytic protocols regarding thigmotaxis. Moreover, our results suggest that thrashing behavior configures a valuable tool to improve behavioral analyses in the OFT, contributing to further in-depth investigations related to distinct anxiety-like states.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 105199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-01Epub Date: 2025-04-23DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105202
Junan Kuang , Yuanxing Ye , Yu Lei , Jiankun Liu , Wenbin Duan , Baoping Qing , Chao Wang , Changqing Ding
The risk-benefit trade-off theory is a fundamental concept in the study of animal behavior strategies and remains a prominent topic in animal ecology. Cattle Egrets (Bubulcus ibis) foraging alongside ungulates has garnered considerable attention. Previous research has highlighted the impact of ungulates on disturbing grassland insects, leading to increased foraging success for Cattle Egrets. However, the risk-benefit relationship from an anti-predator perspective remains underexplored. This study, conducted in Yang County, Shaanxi Province, China, focused on Cattle Egrets and compared the foraging efficiency and flight initiation distance (FID) when foraging alongside cattle (Bos spp.) versus foraging alone. Additionally, our study analyzed the impact of increasing cattle numbers on the FID to assess whether foraging with cattle enhances the perceived safety. We hypothesized that, with more cattle, Cattle Egrets would be less vigilant if they can gain vigilance advantages from cattle. The results indicated significantly higher foraging efficiency and lower FID for Cattle Egrets when foraging with cattle compared to foraging alone, suggests that the presence of cattle enables Cattle Egrets to better tolerate potential predation risks. However, more cattle did not significantly affect the FID, indicating that the perceived predation risk of Cattle Egrets did not reduce with more cattle. The lower FID of Cattle Egrets when foraging with cattle is more likely attributed to higher foraging efficiency rather than lower perceived predation risk in their risk-benefit trade-off. This study explores the mechanism of Cattle Egrets foraging with cattle from an anti-predation perspective, enhancing understanding of this phenomenon and contributing to the risk-benefit trade-off hypothesis.
{"title":"Why do Cattle Egrets forage with cattle? An analysis from an anti-predation perspective","authors":"Junan Kuang , Yuanxing Ye , Yu Lei , Jiankun Liu , Wenbin Duan , Baoping Qing , Chao Wang , Changqing Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The risk-benefit trade-off theory is a fundamental concept in the study of animal behavior strategies and remains a prominent topic in animal ecology. Cattle Egrets (<em>Bubulcus ibis</em>) foraging alongside ungulates has garnered considerable attention. Previous research has highlighted the impact of ungulates on disturbing grassland insects, leading to increased foraging success for Cattle Egrets. However, the risk-benefit relationship from an anti-predator perspective remains underexplored. This study, conducted in Yang County, Shaanxi Province, China, focused on Cattle Egrets and compared the foraging efficiency and flight initiation distance (FID) when foraging alongside cattle (<em>Bos</em> spp.) <em>versus</em> foraging alone. Additionally, our study analyzed the impact of increasing cattle numbers on the FID to assess whether foraging with cattle enhances the perceived safety. We hypothesized that, with more cattle, Cattle Egrets would be less vigilant if they can gain vigilance advantages from cattle. The results indicated significantly higher foraging efficiency and lower FID for Cattle Egrets when foraging with cattle compared to foraging alone, suggests that the presence of cattle enables Cattle Egrets to better tolerate potential predation risks. However, more cattle did not significantly affect the FID, indicating that the perceived predation risk of Cattle Egrets did not reduce with more cattle. The lower FID of Cattle Egrets when foraging with cattle is more likely attributed to higher foraging efficiency rather than lower perceived predation risk in their risk-benefit trade-off. This study explores the mechanism of Cattle Egrets foraging with cattle from an anti-predation perspective, enhancing understanding of this phenomenon and contributing to the risk-benefit trade-off hypothesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 105202"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143881616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2025-04-08DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105190
Meilin Zhu, Jing Wang, Yifeng Zhang, Jiqi Lu
Spatial learning and memory are critical for animal survival, enabling adaptation to changing and unpredictable environments. These abilities enhance competitiveness and fitness by supporting navigation, resource acquisition, and predator avoidance. Understanding how spatial learning and memory vary among species with different living conditions can provide insights into the evolutionary pressures shaping these skills. In this study, we examine learning and memory abilities from an ecological perspective by comparing Brandt’s voles (Lasiopodomys brandti) with Kunming mice (Mus musculus) using complex maze tests. Brandt’s voles exhibited significantly shorter total task time (TTT) and fewer number of errors (NEI) compared to Kunming mice, highlighting superior spatial learning ability. Short-term memory (STMR) results revealed no significant differences between species as well as sex. For long-term memory (LTMR), Brandt’s voles demonstrated consistently better retention across all time points, reflected in lower TTT and NEI. While short-term forgetting rates (STFR) were comparable between species, long-term forgetting rates (LTFR) indicated that Kunming mice exhibited higher rates of memory loss over extended periods than Brandt’s voles, with male mice exhibiting higher rates of memory decline than females. Overall, the findings suggest that Brandt’s voles possess enhanced spatial learning and long-term memory capacities, likely reflecting adaptations to their living condition. This study contributes to our understanding of species- and sex-related differences in spatial learning and memory, providing evidence for the ecological basis of these cognitive traits in response to environmental challenges.
{"title":"The investigation of sexual and interspecies disparities in spatial learning and memory across two rodent species","authors":"Meilin Zhu, Jing Wang, Yifeng Zhang, Jiqi Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spatial learning and memory are critical for animal survival, enabling adaptation to changing and unpredictable environments. These abilities enhance competitiveness and fitness by supporting navigation, resource acquisition, and predator avoidance. Understanding how spatial learning and memory vary among species with different living conditions can provide insights into the evolutionary pressures shaping these skills. In this study, we examine learning and memory abilities from an ecological perspective by comparing Brandt’s voles (<em>Lasiopodomys brandti</em>) with Kunming mice (<em>Mus musculus</em>) using complex maze tests. Brandt’s voles exhibited significantly shorter total task time (TTT) and fewer number of errors (NEI) compared to Kunming mice, highlighting superior spatial learning ability. Short-term memory (STMR) results revealed no significant differences between species as well as sex. For long-term memory (LTMR), Brandt’s voles demonstrated consistently better retention across all time points, reflected in lower TTT and NEI. While short-term forgetting rates (STFR) were comparable between species, long-term forgetting rates (LTFR) indicated that Kunming mice exhibited higher rates of memory loss over extended periods than Brandt’s voles, with male mice exhibiting higher rates of memory decline than females. Overall, the findings suggest that Brandt’s voles possess enhanced spatial learning and long-term memory capacities, likely reflecting adaptations to their living condition. This study contributes to our understanding of species- and sex-related differences in spatial learning and memory, providing evidence for the ecological basis of these cognitive traits in response to environmental challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 105190"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2025-03-19DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105187
Sadahiko Nakajima, Iho Hasegawa, Maria Nakao, Ai Tanaka, Madoka Abe, Mengwei Li
It is well documented that rats learn to avoid a taste solution consumed immediately before voluntary running in activity wheels, which represents a form of Pavlovian aversive conditioning based on the taste-running association. Although various behavioral phenomena observed in typical Pavlovian preparations, such as fear conditioning, have also been demonstrated in this setup, evidence of the associative blocking effect is limited. The present study aimed to demonstrate this effect, and the first experiment provided some positive evidence. Conditioning rats with serial presentations of two taste solutions followed by an opportunity to run (A → B → running) resulted in reduced aversion to taste A if the rats had prior experience of running after consuming B (B → running), suggesting that the previously established B-running association blocked the A-running association. However, subsequent experiments failed to yield statistically reliable results, raising questions about the robustness of the blocking effect on running-based taste aversion learning.
{"title":"The elusive nature of forward blocking effect on running-based taste aversion learning in laboratory rats","authors":"Sadahiko Nakajima, Iho Hasegawa, Maria Nakao, Ai Tanaka, Madoka Abe, Mengwei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is well documented that rats learn to avoid a taste solution consumed immediately before voluntary running in activity wheels, which represents a form of Pavlovian aversive conditioning based on the taste-running association. Although various behavioral phenomena observed in typical Pavlovian preparations, such as fear conditioning, have also been demonstrated in this setup, evidence of the associative blocking effect is limited. The present study aimed to demonstrate this effect, and the first experiment provided some positive evidence. Conditioning rats with serial presentations of two taste solutions followed by an opportunity to run (A → B → running) resulted in reduced aversion to taste A if the rats had prior experience of running after consuming B (B → running), suggesting that the previously established B-running association blocked the A-running association. However, subsequent experiments failed to yield statistically reliable results, raising questions about the robustness of the blocking effect on running-based taste aversion learning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 105187"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143673493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2025-03-17DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105186
Noëlle Gunst , Jean-Baptiste Leca , Paul L. Vasey
While most reports of intra-sexual mate selection occur in the reproductive context of heterosexual interactions, this study aims to explore the behavioral mechanisms and evolutionary significance of a few rare cases of intra-sexual competition during triadic female homosexual relationships in a non-human primate species. Focusing on a population of Japanese macaques known for their routine female homosexual activity, we provide the first detailed quantitative description of three instances of female homosexual triads. These triads are characterized as the spatio-temporal overlap between two dyadic but non-exclusive female homosexual relationships, with the pivot female switching her sexual attention towards a new mate, while her initial sexual partner persists in sexually soliciting the pivot female and tries to chase the female competitor away. We documented the intra-sexual competition that may result from differing levels of sexual attraction among three female protagonists involved in each triad. We presented morphological, behavioral, and socio-demographic evidence in support of the sexual nature of such interactions, which is consistent with the “bisexual preference hypothesis”. We speculated on the proximate causes of this unusual phenomenon.
{"title":"Same-sex love triangles in female monkeys: Intra-sexual mate competition between female Japanese macaques for female sexual partners","authors":"Noëlle Gunst , Jean-Baptiste Leca , Paul L. Vasey","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While most reports of intra-sexual mate selection occur in the reproductive context of heterosexual interactions, this study aims to explore the behavioral mechanisms and evolutionary significance of a few rare cases of intra-sexual competition during triadic female homosexual relationships in a non-human primate species. Focusing on a population of Japanese macaques known for their routine female homosexual activity, we provide the first detailed quantitative description of three instances of female homosexual triads. These triads are characterized as the spatio-temporal overlap between two dyadic but non-exclusive female homosexual relationships, with the pivot female switching her sexual attention towards a new mate, while her initial sexual partner persists in sexually soliciting the pivot female and tries to chase the female competitor away. We documented the intra-sexual competition that may result from differing levels of sexual attraction among three female protagonists involved in each triad. We presented morphological, behavioral, and socio-demographic evidence in support of the sexual nature of such interactions, which is consistent with the “bisexual preference hypothesis”. We speculated on the proximate causes of this unusual phenomenon.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 105186"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143662333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2025-03-13DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105175
Carlos J. Flores , L. Rebeca Mateos , Kenneth D. Madrigal , Cinthia M. Hernandez , Julian C. Velasquez
This experiment assessed the effects of a timeout (TO) contingency for target responding during treatment, on the development of resurgence. Rats were exposed to a two-component multiple schedule (VI 30-s VI 30-s) across three phases. In the first phase, target lever presses were reinforced in both components. During the second phase, alternative lever presses were reinforced while target responses were either placed on extinction in one component or followed by a 30-s TO in the other. In the final test phase, when alternative responding was also placed on extinction, greater resurgence of the target response was observed in the extinction component compared to the TO component. These findings suggest that timeout may be an effective procedure for mitigating resurgence. Further research is warranted to examine how variables such as timeout duration and reinforcement frequency influence its aversiveness and effectiveness in reducing resurgence.
本实验评估了治疗过程中目标反应超时（TO）应急措施对复发的影响。大鼠在三个阶段中暴露于双组分多重时间表（VI 30-s VI 30-s）。在第一阶段，目标压杆在两个部分中都得到强化。在第二阶段，大鼠的替代性按压杠杆行为得到强化，而目标反应在其中一个阶段被消退，或在另一个阶段被持续 30 秒。在最后的测试阶段，当替代反应也被置于消隐状态时，在消隐状态下观察到的目标反应的恢复程度要比在 TO 状态下观察到的目标反应的恢复程度高。这些研究结果表明，超时可能是减轻目标反应恢复的有效方法。还需要进一步研究超时持续时间和强化频率等变量如何影响超时的厌恶性和减少复发的有效性。
{"title":"Effects of a timeout contingency on the development of resurgence: An exploratory study with rats","authors":"Carlos J. Flores , L. Rebeca Mateos , Kenneth D. Madrigal , Cinthia M. Hernandez , Julian C. Velasquez","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This experiment assessed the effects of a timeout (TO) contingency for target responding during treatment, on the development of resurgence. Rats were exposed to a two-component multiple schedule (VI 30-s VI 30-s) across three phases. In the first phase, target lever presses were reinforced in both components. During the second phase, alternative lever presses were reinforced while target responses were either placed on extinction in one component or followed by a 30-s TO in the other. In the final test phase, when alternative responding was also placed on extinction, greater resurgence of the target response was observed in the extinction component compared to the TO component. These findings suggest that timeout may be an effective procedure for mitigating resurgence. Further research is warranted to examine how variables such as timeout duration and reinforcement frequency influence its aversiveness and effectiveness in reducing resurgence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 105175"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2025-03-31DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105188
Beatriz Aparecida de Souza, Daniel Marques Almeida Pessoa
In several species, natural variation in visible and ultraviolet (UV) light reflectance has been linked to individual reproductive quality. However, when evaluating the value of UV information, most studies employ experimental treatments that completely block UV light reflection, therefore disregarding individual variation in natural coloration. For instance, we already know that female fiddler crabs might refuse males whose claws are devoid of natural UV light reflectance (i.e., by covering them with sunscreen), yet it is still unclear how the natural variation in male fiddler crab claw coloration affects female mate choice. Here, we examine this question and hypothesize that female fiddler crabs can use natural male color variation as a parameter for partner selection. To investigate the preference of female fiddler crabs we set up an experimental arena in a mangrove area and presented female Leptuca leptodactyla (n = 100) with pairs (n = 100) of conspecific males. After registering a female’s choice, we quantified the natural reflectance (i.e., color) from the enlarged claw of each male, by using a spectrometer, and extracted their colorimetric parameters (i.e., brightness, saturation and hue). Our results showed that females significantly favored males displaying higher brightness and lower green saturation. We discuss the possibility that brightness and saturation are redundant properties of the examined trait, both conveying information about male individual quality to females.
{"title":"Variation in natural color influences mate choice in a fiddler crab (Leptuca leptodactyla)","authors":"Beatriz Aparecida de Souza, Daniel Marques Almeida Pessoa","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105188","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105188","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In several species, natural variation in visible and ultraviolet (UV) light reflectance has been linked to individual reproductive quality. However, when evaluating the value of UV information, most studies employ experimental treatments that completely block UV light reflection, therefore disregarding individual variation in natural coloration. For instance, we already know that female fiddler crabs might refuse males whose claws are devoid of natural UV light reflectance (i.e., by covering them with sunscreen), yet it is still unclear how the natural variation in male fiddler crab claw coloration affects female mate choice. Here, we examine this question and hypothesize that female fiddler crabs can use natural male color variation as a parameter for partner selection. To investigate the preference of female fiddler crabs we set up an experimental arena in a mangrove area and presented female <em>Leptuca leptodactyla</em> (n = 100) with pairs (n = 100) of conspecific males. After registering a female’s choice, we quantified the natural reflectance (i.e., color) from the enlarged claw of each male, by using a spectrometer, and extracted their colorimetric parameters (i.e., brightness, saturation and hue). Our results showed that females significantly favored males displaying higher brightness and lower green saturation. We discuss the possibility that brightness and saturation are redundant properties of the examined trait, both conveying information about male individual quality to females.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 105188"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2025-04-08DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105191
Rosalia Baiamonte , A. Matías Gámez
The reappearance of undesirable behaviours in educational settings, even after applying extinction techniques, remains a persistent challenge for educators. One mechanism that explains this phenomenon is the renewal effect, which has been well-documented in studies with adult humans and other animals, but still underexplored in children. This study investigated the effects of applying AAB renewal procedures (Experiment 1) and ABA and ABC renewal procedures (Experiment 2) through an instrumental learning task in primary school children. The results revealed that, consistent with previous findings, a context change between the extinction and test phases contributes to the return of previously extinguished behaviour. These findings provide an innovative perspective to carry out experiments aimed at evaluating strategies to mitigate response recovery effects, thereby facilitating the subsequent designing of more effective educational interventions to prevent relapse.
{"title":"Evidence of AAB, ABA, and ABC renewal procedures for instrumental response in elementary school children","authors":"Rosalia Baiamonte , A. Matías Gámez","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The reappearance of undesirable behaviours in educational settings, even after applying extinction techniques, remains a persistent challenge for educators. One mechanism that explains this phenomenon is the renewal effect, which has been well-documented in studies with adult humans and other animals, but still underexplored in children. This study investigated the effects of applying AAB renewal procedures (Experiment 1) and ABA and ABC renewal procedures (Experiment 2) through an instrumental learning task in primary school children. The results revealed that, consistent with previous findings, a context change between the extinction and test phases contributes to the return of previously extinguished behaviour. These findings provide an innovative perspective to carry out experiments aimed at evaluating strategies to mitigate response recovery effects, thereby facilitating the subsequent designing of more effective educational interventions to prevent relapse.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 105191"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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