Pub Date : 2017-07-06DOI: 10.19080/APBIJ.2017.02.555600
Dennis Amaechi
One of the most dangerous and life threatening diseases in the world today, involving the pancreas, is diabetes mellitus [1]. It is a condition primarily defined by the level of hyperglycemia giving rise to risk of micro vascular damage (retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy). It is associated with reduced life expectancy, significant morbidity due to specific diabetes related micro vascular complications, increased risk of macro vascular complications (ischemic heart disease, stroke and peripheral vascular disease) and diminished quality of life [2]. The record of its prevalence in the world today and the increase in morbidity and mortality rates calls for an urgent attention from the health professionals and policy makers in tackling this disease. In CôtedIvoire, the rate of morbidity is 5.7%. Traditional medical herbs used for strengthening the body immune system and for therapeutic purposes are known to have many essential and nutritional elements. Many plants have been documented to have the efficacy to treat diabetes in CôtedIvoire [3].
{"title":"Effects of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Solenostemon Monostachyus on Blood Glucose level and Histopathological Parameter in STZ induced Diabetic Wistar Albino Rats","authors":"Dennis Amaechi","doi":"10.19080/APBIJ.2017.02.555600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/APBIJ.2017.02.555600","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most dangerous and life threatening diseases in the world today, involving the pancreas, is diabetes mellitus [1]. It is a condition primarily defined by the level of hyperglycemia giving rise to risk of micro vascular damage (retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy). It is associated with reduced life expectancy, significant morbidity due to specific diabetes related micro vascular complications, increased risk of macro vascular complications (ischemic heart disease, stroke and peripheral vascular disease) and diminished quality of life [2]. The record of its prevalence in the world today and the increase in morbidity and mortality rates calls for an urgent attention from the health professionals and policy makers in tackling this disease. In CôtedIvoire, the rate of morbidity is 5.7%. Traditional medical herbs used for strengthening the body immune system and for therapeutic purposes are known to have many essential and nutritional elements. Many plants have been documented to have the efficacy to treat diabetes in CôtedIvoire [3].","PeriodicalId":8778,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry international","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87484271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-27DOI: 10.19080/APBIJ.2017.02.555599
S. Roy
Chorea is a rapid, jerky, and irregular, movement that tends to occur in the distal limbs, or face, but may also occur in the proximal limb and axial structures. Chorea can occur in association with vascular disease, hypoor hyper glycemia [3] and a variety of infections and degenerative disorders. Harrison 19th Hemichorea has been reported in patients with chronic uncontrolled diabetes. We report a similar patient who benefitted from controlling blood sugar levels and Primidone. Primidone belongs to a class of barbiturates and is classically used for focal seizures [4]. It is evident from our clinical experience that administration of Primidone in addition to proper sugar control patient was asymptomatic.
{"title":"Hemi Chorea Associated With Hyperglycemia Benefitted From Barbiturate Therapy and Strict Glycemic Control","authors":"S. Roy","doi":"10.19080/APBIJ.2017.02.555599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/APBIJ.2017.02.555599","url":null,"abstract":"Chorea is a rapid, jerky, and irregular, movement that tends to occur in the distal limbs, or face, but may also occur in the proximal limb and axial structures. Chorea can occur in association with vascular disease, hypoor hyper glycemia [3] and a variety of infections and degenerative disorders. Harrison 19th Hemichorea has been reported in patients with chronic uncontrolled diabetes. We report a similar patient who benefitted from controlling blood sugar levels and Primidone. Primidone belongs to a class of barbiturates and is classically used for focal seizures [4]. It is evident from our clinical experience that administration of Primidone in addition to proper sugar control patient was asymptomatic.","PeriodicalId":8778,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry international","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79985463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-14DOI: 10.19080/apbij.2017.02.555598
E. M. Grath
Zika virus is a flavivirus known to cause microcephaly during development. The mechanism underlying Zika virus-induced neuropathogenesis is still poorly understood. Recent studies have utilized the cutting edge cell culture and animal model technologies to elucidate factors contributing to Zika virus-associated microcephaly. While future work is needed, current studies have suggested three main factors that contribute to Zika virus pathology: viral lineage, host immunity, and pregnancy stages. This mini review will focus on some of the recent findings that advanced our knowledge in Zika virus-associated microcephaly.
{"title":"Microcephaly in Zika Virus Infection","authors":"E. M. Grath","doi":"10.19080/apbij.2017.02.555598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/apbij.2017.02.555598","url":null,"abstract":"Zika virus is a flavivirus known to cause microcephaly during development. The mechanism underlying Zika virus-induced neuropathogenesis is still poorly understood. Recent studies have utilized the cutting edge cell culture and animal model technologies to elucidate factors contributing to Zika virus-associated microcephaly. While future work is needed, current studies have suggested three main factors that contribute to Zika virus pathology: viral lineage, host immunity, and pregnancy stages. This mini review will focus on some of the recent findings that advanced our knowledge in Zika virus-associated microcephaly.","PeriodicalId":8778,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry international","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75418834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.19080/APBIJ.2017.02.555597
Behzad Kanani
As new technologies, biotechnology and biochemistry are always making innovations to achieve a good ecosystem, convert pollutants, produce biodegradable materials, develop production processes and dispose of waste in environmentally safe ways [1]. During the last century, fossil fuels considerably influenced economic and industrial growth. However, these fuels cannot indefinitely support global economy, and they endanger environmental health. The world will face the serious problem of energy shortage in future. One of the useful and practical solutions for this problem is to generate electricity from renewable resources without carbon dioxide emission [2].
{"title":"Microbial Fuel Cell, New Technologies in the Field of Green Energy and Wastewater Treatment","authors":"Behzad Kanani","doi":"10.19080/APBIJ.2017.02.555597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/APBIJ.2017.02.555597","url":null,"abstract":"As new technologies, biotechnology and biochemistry are always making innovations to achieve a good ecosystem, convert pollutants, produce biodegradable materials, develop production processes and dispose of waste in environmentally safe ways [1]. During the last century, fossil fuels considerably influenced economic and industrial growth. However, these fuels cannot indefinitely support global economy, and they endanger environmental health. The world will face the serious problem of energy shortage in future. One of the useful and practical solutions for this problem is to generate electricity from renewable resources without carbon dioxide emission [2].","PeriodicalId":8778,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry international","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85821306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-31DOI: 10.19080/APBIJ.2017.02.555593
G. Gupta
As per projections half a billion people would suffer maturity onset diabetes by 2030, world over, with concentration in middle income nations [1]. Diabetes and its complication involve complex etiology including increased susceptibility to infections. Diabetic foot ulcer is common major complication [2]. Around 15% of patients with type 2 diabetes have foot problem increasing instances of hospitalization. [3]. Neuropathy, peripheral vascular insufficiency, repeated trauma is traditionally believed to contribute to the complications. Besides the neurovascular alterations, age, gender, body mass index, duration of diabetes, glycosylated hemoglobin profiles etc are found influential in various studies [4]. Evidence on predictive value of simple indicators for risk of diabetic foot is crucially required in addressing the problem. Clinical history, examination, diagnostic investigation data must undergo continuous evaluation with such intent [5]. Infection management in diabetic foot is challenging task wherein microbial diagnosis is critical. Infective organisms and their sensitivity patterns are studied regularly with changing time, demography and region. The present study has analyzed the reports of the cases of diabetic foot infections from middle and upper middle income group of North Indian patient treated at a tertiary care hospital.
{"title":"Diabetic Foot Infection: A Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"G. Gupta","doi":"10.19080/APBIJ.2017.02.555593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/APBIJ.2017.02.555593","url":null,"abstract":"As per projections half a billion people would suffer maturity onset diabetes by 2030, world over, with concentration in middle income nations [1]. Diabetes and its complication involve complex etiology including increased susceptibility to infections. Diabetic foot ulcer is common major complication [2]. Around 15% of patients with type 2 diabetes have foot problem increasing instances of hospitalization. [3]. Neuropathy, peripheral vascular insufficiency, repeated trauma is traditionally believed to contribute to the complications. Besides the neurovascular alterations, age, gender, body mass index, duration of diabetes, glycosylated hemoglobin profiles etc are found influential in various studies [4]. Evidence on predictive value of simple indicators for risk of diabetic foot is crucially required in addressing the problem. Clinical history, examination, diagnostic investigation data must undergo continuous evaluation with such intent [5]. Infection management in diabetic foot is challenging task wherein microbial diagnosis is critical. Infective organisms and their sensitivity patterns are studied regularly with changing time, demography and region. The present study has analyzed the reports of the cases of diabetic foot infections from middle and upper middle income group of North Indian patient treated at a tertiary care hospital.","PeriodicalId":8778,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry international","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91145609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-30DOI: 10.19080/APBIJ.2017.02.555594
N. El-sherif
Nutmeg is commonly used as a spice in various dishes, as components of teas and soft drinks or mixed in milk and alcohol. We investigated for the first time, the effect of chronic consumption of nutmeg on the anterior cingulate cortex of adult Wistar rats and the possible protective role of vitamin C. Adult male albino rats (n = 20), with average weight of 200 gms. Were assigned into three groups: Control, nutmeg treated and protected. The whole experimental period lasted for 6 weeks. Animals of nutmeg treated group showed cellular degenerative changes relative to those in the control group. It was concluded that, long term consumption of nutmeg has adverse effect on microanatomy of anterior cingulate cortex. In the vitamin C-supplemented (Protected) group, there was improvement in the histological and immunohistochemical changes. Further research, including human observational studies, aiming at corroborating these observations is recommended.
{"title":"Effect of Nutmeg Administration on the Anterior Cingulate Cortex (Area 24a) of Adult Male Albino Rats and the Protective Role of Vitamin C: A Histological and Immunohistochemical Study","authors":"N. El-sherif","doi":"10.19080/APBIJ.2017.02.555594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/APBIJ.2017.02.555594","url":null,"abstract":"Nutmeg is commonly used as a spice in various dishes, as components of teas and soft drinks or mixed in milk and alcohol. We investigated for the first time, the effect of chronic consumption of nutmeg on the anterior cingulate cortex of adult Wistar rats and the possible protective role of vitamin C. Adult male albino rats (n = 20), with average weight of 200 gms. Were assigned into three groups: Control, nutmeg treated and protected. The whole experimental period lasted for 6 weeks. Animals of nutmeg treated group showed cellular degenerative changes relative to those in the control group. It was concluded that, long term consumption of nutmeg has adverse effect on microanatomy of anterior cingulate cortex. In the vitamin C-supplemented (Protected) group, there was improvement in the histological and immunohistochemical changes. Further research, including human observational studies, aiming at corroborating these observations is recommended.","PeriodicalId":8778,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry international","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74624192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-30DOI: 10.19080/APBIJ.2017.02.555592
A. Koleilat
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsingremitting immune disorder of unknown etiology. The major phenotypes of IBD are Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). IBD was initially recognized as a major health complication in developed countries but now it is becoming recognized in developing ones. The rise in the incidence and the prevalence of IBD has paralleled the social and economic development of populations and adaptation to a Western lifestyle that includes diet changes, especially among child and infant age groups. The rise in IBD around the world may be best explained by changes in the world’s diet and nutrition which is an important parts of IBD management [7]. Understanding the importance of diet and nutrition in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is vital to improve the quality of life for these patients [8]. The dietary strategies are helpful in controlling IBD symptoms and the role of diet in controlling IBD seems to make sense and a reason to consider a dietary contributor to intestinal disease, since the inflamed gut feels worse when food passes through it. No evidence that diet can cause or cure inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). But surely contribute to treatment approach [9-13].
{"title":"Diet, Nutrition and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Understanding the Connection- A General Pediatrician perspective","authors":"A. Koleilat","doi":"10.19080/APBIJ.2017.02.555592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/APBIJ.2017.02.555592","url":null,"abstract":"Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsingremitting immune disorder of unknown etiology. The major phenotypes of IBD are Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). IBD was initially recognized as a major health complication in developed countries but now it is becoming recognized in developing ones. The rise in the incidence and the prevalence of IBD has paralleled the social and economic development of populations and adaptation to a Western lifestyle that includes diet changes, especially among child and infant age groups. The rise in IBD around the world may be best explained by changes in the world’s diet and nutrition which is an important parts of IBD management [7]. Understanding the importance of diet and nutrition in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is vital to improve the quality of life for these patients [8]. The dietary strategies are helpful in controlling IBD symptoms and the role of diet in controlling IBD seems to make sense and a reason to consider a dietary contributor to intestinal disease, since the inflamed gut feels worse when food passes through it. No evidence that diet can cause or cure inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). But surely contribute to treatment approach [9-13].","PeriodicalId":8778,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry international","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88817383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-06DOI: 10.19080/APBIJ.2017.02.555596
V. M. Betigeri
“ Owls eyes ” appearances in cardiac surgery have been described in literature in conditions of infiltrative cardiomyopathies, during pulmonary vein visualisation for catheter ablation of symptomatic atrial fibrillation. Unlike in the literature, an intraoperative transesophageal echocardiogram while evaluating the cardiac structures in our adult case of chronic rheumatic heart disease with treated infective endocarditis showed “ Owls eyes ” appearance in left atrial chamber which were due to specific pathology of posterior mitral leaflets involved with rheumatic disaease and findings confirmed at the operation.
{"title":"Owls Eyes in the Left Atrium","authors":"V. M. Betigeri","doi":"10.19080/APBIJ.2017.02.555596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/APBIJ.2017.02.555596","url":null,"abstract":"“ Owls eyes ” appearances in cardiac surgery have been described in literature in conditions of infiltrative cardiomyopathies, during pulmonary vein visualisation for catheter ablation of symptomatic atrial fibrillation. Unlike in the literature, an intraoperative transesophageal echocardiogram while evaluating the cardiac structures in our adult case of chronic rheumatic heart disease with treated infective endocarditis showed “ Owls eyes ” appearance in left atrial chamber which were due to specific pathology of posterior mitral leaflets involved with rheumatic disaease and findings confirmed at the operation.","PeriodicalId":8778,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry international","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77531652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-06DOI: 10.19080/APBIJ.2017.02.555595
Heshmat S W Haroun
The septomarginal trabecula (trabecula septomarginalis or moderator band) is present in all human hearts and also in the hearts of other primates. It forms the lower limit of the trabecular inflow tract of the right ventricle. It bridges between the lower part of the interventricular septum and the base of the anterior papillary muscle; although it sometimes exhibits some variations of extension. It also conveys the continuation of the right bundle branch of the specialized conducting system of the heart [7-9].
{"title":"Comparative Anatomy of the Cardiac Septomarginal Trabecula (Moderator Band)","authors":"Heshmat S W Haroun","doi":"10.19080/APBIJ.2017.02.555595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/APBIJ.2017.02.555595","url":null,"abstract":"The septomarginal trabecula (trabecula septomarginalis or moderator band) is present in all human hearts and also in the hearts of other primates. It forms the lower limit of the trabecular inflow tract of the right ventricle. It bridges between the lower part of the interventricular septum and the base of the anterior papillary muscle; although it sometimes exhibits some variations of extension. It also conveys the continuation of the right bundle branch of the specialized conducting system of the heart [7-9].","PeriodicalId":8778,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry international","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84367188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-04DOI: 10.19080/APBIJ.2017.02.555591
Y. Dalavanga
Three main tissues, epithelium, endothelium and interstitium, construct the highly complicated yet delicate lung parenchyma. Cartilage and distinct units of typical connective tissue, support the airways walls. Smooth muscles contribute in the structure and regulation of the lung function. Parietal and visceral
{"title":"The Principles Governing the Lung Structure and Function","authors":"Y. Dalavanga","doi":"10.19080/APBIJ.2017.02.555591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/APBIJ.2017.02.555591","url":null,"abstract":"Three main tissues, epithelium, endothelium and interstitium, construct the highly complicated yet delicate lung parenchyma. Cartilage and distinct units of typical connective tissue, support the airways walls. Smooth muscles contribute in the structure and regulation of the lung function. Parietal and visceral","PeriodicalId":8778,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry international","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81721827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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