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The Preliminary Study on the Histopathological Effect of Aqueous Extract of Zingiber officinale on Lead Acetate Induced Toxicity of Adult Sprague- Dawley Rats 生姜水提物对成年大鼠醋酸铅中毒组织病理学影响的初步研究
Pub Date : 2017-09-11 DOI: 10.19080/apbij.2017.03.555611
Adebajo Ao
Lead Acetate is one of the environmental pollutants that can threaten the life of living creatures in many ways. The use of plant derived herbal compounds in herbal preparations as alternative sources of medication has continued to play major roles in the general wellness of people all over the world Farombi 2003; Rajesh et al. [1], Ekor [2]. However the treatment with the extract of Zingiber officinale modulates the toxicity caused by lead acetate administration. The aim of this study is to investigate the ameliorative properties of ginger on lead acetate induced on kidney induced toxicity. A total of forty adult rats of weight 150 ± 20 g were used for this research. The animals were grouped into four (A, B, C and D) of 10 animals each. Group A-C was the treatment groups while group D served as the control. Group a received 0.4 g of Lead Acetate, Group B received 0.4 g of Lead Acetate and then 0.1g of Ginger, Group C received 0.1 g of Ginger and Group D received 1 ml of distilled water. The mode of administration was oral and the study was for 25 days after a 2 week acclimatization period. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed using ketamine and an anterior abdominal incision was performed and the kidney was excised. The organs were fixed in 10% formal Saline and processed for histology. The histological findings revealed cytoarchitectural distortion in the podocytes, dilation in the capsular space and cells with pyknotic nuclei in the distal and proximal convoluted tubules in the Group A and to lesser extent in Group B compared to normal cyto architectural photomicrographs obtained in the Group C and D. These findings thus underlined the protective effect of Zingiber officinale in Lead acetate induced toxicity as it affects ultrafiltration as well as tubular fluid reabsorption properties of the kidney.
醋酸铅是一种环境污染物,可以在许多方面威胁生物的生命。在草药制剂中使用植物衍生的草药化合物作为替代药物来源,继续在全世界人民的一般健康中发挥重要作用(Farombi 2003);Rajesh et al. [1], Ekor b[2]。而生姜提取物处理可调节醋酸铅给药引起的毒性。本研究旨在探讨生姜对醋酸铅肾毒性的改善作用。实验选用体重150±20 g的成年大鼠40只。这些动物被分成4组(A、B、C、D),每组10只。A-C组为治疗组,D组为对照组。a组灌胃醋酸铅0.4 g, B组灌胃醋酸铅0.4 g,再灌胃生姜0.1g, C组灌胃生姜0.1g, D组灌胃蒸馏水1 ml。给药方式为口服,适应期为2周,试验期为25 d。实验结束时,用氯胺酮处死动物,并在腹部前切口切除肾脏。将器官固定在10%的生理盐水中并进行组织学处理。组织学结果显示足细胞结构扭曲;与C组和d组获得的正常细胞结构显微照片相比,A组的包膜间隙扩大,远曲小管和近曲小管细胞核收缩,B组的程度较轻。这些发现强调了生姜对醋酸铅诱导毒性的保护作用,因为它影响超滤和肾管液的再吸收特性。
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引用次数: 0
Identification of Sex from Carotid Canal in South Indian Population 南印度人群颈动脉管性别鉴定
Pub Date : 2017-08-30 DOI: 10.19080/apbij.2017.03.555610
Makandar Uk
There are many criteria for sexual diamorphism of crania after puberty such as prominence of superciliary arches, breadth of Foramen magnum, depth of diagastric groove, width of Zygomatic arches, length and breadth of mastoid process but least data is available for sexual dimorphism. As CC is a Greek word means sleep. Greek ancestors thought that, the internal carotid artery, sympathetic nerve plexus, venous plexus transmits through cc bring the sleep [2]. As CC is the large rounded foramen in the basal surface of petrous in front of Jugular foramen which gives passage for ICA. The cc is curved upwards, forwards and medially long axis of the petrous bone and opens in the foramen lacerum [3]. In recent advances of skull surgery, approaches to cavernous sinus and frontal skull base transzygomatic approach through middle skull base since ISA runs inside the temporal bone restricts the surgical procedure. Hence it is mandatory to preserve the ICA .hence if we know the sex we can predict the diameter of ICA [4]. Because in some cranial walls of the cc was found to be very thin hence vulnerable during the surgery around the clival region. Hence attempt was made to study the diameter of CC in crania of both sexes so that approaches to the cavernous sinus may save the ICA. It is also observed that 35% CC is dehiscence in the typantic cavity reminds otologist the anatomical knowledge of CC and temporal bone [5]. Moreover the study of sexual dimorphism has medicolegal, anthropological and anatomical important as metrical values of mesodermal values are uncertain.
青春期后颅骨两性畸形的诊断标准有很多,如睫弓突出、枕骨大孔宽度、二腹沟深度、颧弓宽度、乳突长度和宽度等,但关于两性畸形的诊断资料很少。因为CC是希腊单词,意思是睡觉。希腊祖先认为,颈内动脉、交感神经丛、静脉丛通过cc传递带来睡眠[2]。因为CC是颈静脉孔前面的岩状基底面的大圆孔,它为颈静脉孔提供通道。cc向上、向前弯曲,在石质骨的中间长轴上,在裂口处打开。在颅骨手术的最新进展中,由于ISA在颞骨内运行,经颧经中颅底入路进入海绵窦和额颅底限制了手术操作。因此,必须保留ICA。因此,如果我们知道性别,我们就可以预测ICA bbb的直径。因为在一些颅壁的cc被发现是非常薄的,因此在手术中,在斜坡区域周围是脆弱的。因此,我们尝试研究男女颅骨CC的直径,以便通过海绵窦入路可以挽救ICA。典型腔内35%的CC为裂孔,提醒耳科医师了解CC与颞骨bbb的解剖学知识。此外,由于中胚层值的测量值不确定,对两性异形的研究具有重要的医学、人类学和解剖学意义。
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引用次数: 1
Effect of Gestational Exposure to Monosodium Glutamate on the Structure of Fetal Rat Lung 妊娠期暴露于味精对胎鼠肺结构的影响
Pub Date : 2017-08-10 DOI: 10.19080/APBIJ.2017.03.555609
Abdelmonem Awad Hegazy
Lung diseases represent one of the leading causes of worldwide morbidity and mortality. The problem is expected to be worse in the future [1]. This necessitates investigating the possible environmental factors, habits and food types that might be engaged in pathogenesis of pulmonary diseases, particularly during the fetal life. This of particular importance as many drugs and substances taken by (or given to) the pregnant mothers can cross the placental barrier to affect their fetuses [2]. One of such substances is monosodium glutamate (MSG) that might affect the lungs of fetal mice after exposure of their mothers to it [3]. Various developmental changes in the animals’ offspring tissues might occur following MSG treatment [4]. Moreover, the administration of MSG in high concentrations for long period of time triggers the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) coupled with impaired oxidant/ antioxidant balance leading to a state of oxidative stress [5]. The lung is more susceptible to oxidative injury than any other organ in the body because of constant exposure to air that might contain toxic particles or oxidant gases such as nitrogen oxide or ozone [6]. MSG is a well-known flavor enhancer used by both Western and Eastern populations. It is responsible for the delicious taste; and it is incorporated into a large number of solid and liquid foods. Experimental studies have established that the added MSG in foods influences palatability and preference [7]. Nowadays, MSG is commonly sold in the Egyptian supermarkets. Many Egyptians consume MSG in both ready and home-made foods, almost daily [8].
肺部疾病是全世界发病率和死亡率的主要原因之一。这一问题预计将在未来更加严重[1]。这就需要调查可能参与肺部疾病发病机制的环境因素、习惯和食物类型,特别是在胎儿时期。这一点尤其重要,因为孕妇服用(或给予)的许多药物和物质可以穿过胎盘屏障影响胎儿[2]。其中一种物质是味精(MSG),母体接触味精后可能影响胎儿小鼠的肺部[3]。味精处理后,动物后代组织可能发生各种发育变化[4]。此外,长期高浓度的味精会触发活性氧(ROS)的产生,同时氧化/抗氧化平衡受损,导致氧化应激状态[5]。由于持续暴露于可能含有有毒颗粒或氧化性气体(如氮氧化物或臭氧)的空气中,肺部比身体任何其他器官更容易受到氧化损伤[6]。味精是一种众所周知的风味增强剂,西方人和东方人都在使用。它负责美味的味道;它被大量的固体和液体食物所吸收。实验研究证实,在食品中添加味精会影响食品的适口性和偏好[7]。如今,味精在埃及的超市里随处可见。许多埃及人几乎每天都会在现成和自制食品中食用味精[8]。
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引用次数: 6
Th-1 Directing Immunostimulatory Effect of Calcined Jade Having Naturally Formed Nanoparticles in Swiss Albino Mice 天然形成纳米颗粒的煅烧玉石对瑞士白化病小鼠Th-1定向免疫刺激作用
Pub Date : 2017-08-08 DOI: 10.19080/apbij.2017.03.555608
F. Khan
In present study, we evaluated the modulating potential of Calcined Jade (CJ) on cell mediated immunity in Swiss albino mice. CJ is a metasilicate of Calcium and magnesium prescribed along with other herbal formulations in folk medicine for various purposes. CJ was administered orally to the animals at a dose of 50, 75, 100 and 200 µg/kg body wt. for 10 days; modulation of the acquired immune responses was studiedin mice. In CJ treated animals, cell mediated immune response was observed by estimation of significant increase (p<0.01) in Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response, Th-1 cytokines namely IL-2/IFN-γ and TNF-α in spleenocytes. We also evaluated the effect of CJ on macrophage surface antigen markers (CD-80/86) and found increased expression of CD-80. We report stimulating effect of CJ on Th-1 type of immune responses which may partly be due to the formation of nano particles during calcination process and further experiments using isolated nano particles may further validate the role of nano particles.
在本研究中,我们评估了煅烧玉(CJ)对瑞士白化病小鼠细胞免疫的调节潜力。CJ是一种钙和镁的偏硅酸盐,在民间医学中与其他草药配方一起用于各种目的。CJ分别以50、75、100和200µg/kg体重的剂量口服给药,持续10天;对小鼠获得性免疫反应的调节进行了研究。经CJ处理后,小鼠脾细胞延迟型超敏反应(DTH)、Th-1细胞因子IL-2/IFN-γ和TNF-α显著升高(p<0.01)。我们还评估了CJ对巨噬细胞表面抗原标记物(CD-80/86)的影响,发现CD-80的表达增加。我们报道了CJ对Th-1型免疫反应的刺激作用,其部分原因可能是在煅烧过程中形成了纳米颗粒,进一步使用分离的纳米颗粒进行实验可能会进一步验证纳米颗粒的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Probiotics What You Missed 你错过的益生菌
Pub Date : 2017-07-31 DOI: 10.19080/APBIJ.2017.03.555606
A. Koleilat
Probiotic is now worldwide, one of the main interests in the field of medicine. Many people use probiotic, prescribe it and recommend it. Millions of articles are produced as reviews and trials. Studies are done all over the world; symposia and congresses are very active in this field, even societies are formed to revive the probiotic kingdom. Commercially, probiotics have been over used and recommended by many companies. Probiotics became a must in infant feeding especially milk formulas. So what is probiotic and how do we have to approach this phenomenon?
益生菌是目前世界范围内医学领域的主要兴趣之一。许多人使用益生菌,开处方并推荐。数以百万计的文章作为评论和试验而产生。研究在世界各地进行;研讨会和大会在这一领域非常活跃,甚至成立了社团来振兴益生菌王国。商业上,益生菌被许多公司过度使用和推荐。益生菌成为婴儿喂养的必需品,尤其是配方奶粉。那么什么是益生菌,我们该如何应对这种现象呢?
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引用次数: 0
Sternocleidomastoid Region: The “No Man’s Land” in Neck 胸锁乳突肌区:颈部的“无人区”
Pub Date : 2017-07-31 DOI: 10.19080/APBIJ.2017.03.555607
Anurag Srivastava
Sternocleidomastoid muscle is an important structure of the neck. This rhomboid shaped muscle lies obliquely in the neck, extending from manubrium sterni, and medial third of the clavicle antero-inferiorly to the mastoid process and occipital bone postero-superiorly. The muscle superficially crosses various vital structures in the neck such as trachea, oesophagus, common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve, symphathetic chain and jugular group of lymph nodes. It is supplied by the occipital and superior thyroid arteries and receives its nerve supply from 11th cranial (Spinal root of accessory) and 2nd & 3rd cervical (Proprioceptive and motor) nerves. Sternocleidomastoid muscle separates the two triangles in each half of the neck [1] (Figure 1). The Anterior Triangle is described as being bounded by mid line anteriorly, anterior border of sternocleidomastoid posteriorly and the lower border of mandible superiorly. The Posterior triangle is described as bounded by posterior border of sternocleidomastoid, anterior border of trapezius and middle third of clavicle inferiorly.
胸锁乳突肌是颈部的重要结构。这个菱形肌肉斜位于颈部,从胸骨柄和锁骨内侧三分之一处的前下方延伸到乳突和枕骨的后上方。该肌表面横过颈部的各种重要结构,如气管、食道、颈总动脉、颈内静脉、迷走神经、交感神经链和颈内淋巴结群。它由枕动脉和甲状腺上动脉供应,其神经供应来自第11颅神经(副脊髓根)和第2和第3颈神经(本体感觉神经和运动神经)。胸锁乳突肌在颈部的每半边分隔了两个三角形[1](图1)。前三角被描述为前部以中线为界,后部以胸锁乳突肌前缘为界,上部以下颌骨下缘为界。后三角以胸锁乳突肌后缘、斜方肌前缘和锁骨下三分之一处为界。
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引用次数: 0
Protein L-Isoaspartate O-Methyltransferase (PCMT1): A Key Player of Spontaneously Arisen Protein Damage Repair 蛋白质l -异天冬氨酸o -甲基转移酶(PCMT1):自发产生的蛋白质损伤修复的关键参与者
Pub Date : 2017-07-21 DOI: 10.19080/APBIJ.2017.03.555605
Burcu Biterge
Methylation of aspartic acid residues was first described in the literature in erythrocytes as a possible step of repairing aged membrane proteins [1]. During the process of aging, L-aspartyl residues are spontaneously converted to L-isoaspartyl via the unstable intermediate L-succinimide which undergoes a spontaneous hydrolysis, generating a mixture of normal L-aspartate (15-30%) and abnormal L-isoaspartate (7085%), pointed out as steps 2 and 3 in Figure 1 respectively [2]. Accumulation of this abnormal form of aspartate is recognized as damage in the cell and therefore needs to be repaired [3].
天冬氨酸残基的甲基化首次在文献中被描述为红细胞中修复老化膜蛋白[1]的可能步骤。在老化过程中,l -天冬氨酸残基通过不稳定的中间体l -琥珀酰亚胺自发水解转化为l -异天冬氨酸,生成正常l -天冬氨酸(15-30%)和异常l -异天冬氨酸(7085%)的混合物,分别如图1中的步骤2和步骤3所示[2]。这种异常形式的天冬氨酸的积累被认为是细胞的损伤,因此需要修复。
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引用次数: 0
A New Model for Training on Human Specimens in Surgical-Anatomical Skills Labs 外科解剖技能实验室人体标本训练新模式
Pub Date : 2017-07-18 DOI: 10.19080/APBIJ.2017.03.555604
H. Theeuwes
Embalming human bodies is of all times, after the introduction of formaldehyde fixation for organic tissues in 1893 by the German physician Ferdinand Blum, the donated bodies could be used more efficiently for gross anatomy purposes than before Fox et al. [1]. Nowadays the demand for (embalmed) human bodies used for surgical training, besides normal anatomy teaching, has increased. Mostly fresh frozen human bodies, donated for science, are used for surgical trainings. Its realistic tissue handling and flexibility represent the main advantages of fresh frozen human bodies. The disadvantages however are also well known: risk of infection (additional testing is essential), degeneration, time pressure and single use are only some examples. The introduction of “light” or “soft’ embalming methods like Thiel’s, Duke’s or other new method’shave contributed to prolonging the natural characteristics of the donated bodies Thiel et al. [2-8]. All of these methods have made it possible to re-use embalmed bodies for multiple purposes. It is now possible to use the bodies more efficiently because they can be used multiple times. These new methods slow down the degeneration process for weeks without losing their natural characteristics. Still these methods were not developed for long time fixation and conservation of human flexible characteristics.
人体防腐一直以来都是如此,1893年德国医生Ferdinand Blum引入有机组织的甲醛固定后,捐赠的尸体可以比Fox等人之前更有效地用于大体解剖目的[1]。如今,除了正常的解剖学教学外,对用于外科训练的(防腐)人体的需求也在增加。捐赠给科学研究的新鲜冷冻人体大多用于外科训练。其逼真的组织处理和灵活性是新鲜冷冻人体的主要优点。然而,缺点也是众所周知的:感染风险(必须进行额外的检测)、退化、时间压力和一次性使用只是其中的一些例子。Thiel等人[2-8]引入了“轻”或“软”防腐方法,如Thiel、Duke或其他新方法,有助于延长捐赠遗体的自然特征。所有这些方法都使得将防腐尸体用于多种用途成为可能。现在可以更有效地利用身体,因为它们可以被多次使用。这些新方法在不失去其自然特性的情况下,可以在数周内减缓退化过程。然而,这些方法还没有发展到可以长期固定和保存人体柔韧性的程度。
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引用次数: 5
Cellular therapy, an autologous cellular point of care approach to satisfy patient needs 细胞疗法,一种满足患者需要的自体细胞点护理方法
Pub Date : 2017-07-13 DOI: 10.19080/APBIJ.2017.03.555603
Falk Heinrichsohn
Humans are, as we know since some time, a complex biological, energy related system manifested in a material field (Figure 1) of about 100 Trillion cells, surrounded and embedded in various energy related structures, communicating with its specific neural network, able to exchange and analyse information and with this, initiating impulses triggering biological, electrical and chemical related reaction at its cellular structure.Cellular treatment, Complementary and Alternative medicine (CAM) therapy are a potential alternative, even a disruptive, medical treatment in a Point of Care setting to support a chronic ill and aging population, where standard medical treatment has clearly shown it limitations.
我们早就知道,人类是一个复杂的生物、能量相关系统,表现在大约100万亿个细胞的物质领域(图1),这些细胞被包围并嵌入到各种与能量相关的结构中,与特定的神经网络通信,能够交换和分析信息,并借此发起脉冲,触发细胞结构中的生物、电和化学相关反应。细胞治疗,补充和替代医学(CAM)疗法是一种潜在的替代疗法,甚至是一种破坏性的医疗方法,在护理点环境中支持慢性疾病和老龄化人口,标准医疗已经明显显示出其局限性。
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引用次数: 1
Association of Hyperuricemia and Raised Atherogenic Index of Plasma with Hypertension 高尿酸血症和血浆动脉粥样硬化指数升高与高血压的关系
Pub Date : 2017-07-10 DOI: 10.19080/apbij.2017.03.555602
R. Ahmed
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of global mortality and is a serious health problem in developed as well as in developing countries. In Bangladesh, deaths due to noncommunicable diseases (NCD), especially chronic diseases are increasing at an alarming rate. Among them CVD, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes are responsible for an increasing number of deaths [1]. CVD has become a significant burden on the health care service in Bangladesh. World Health Organization (WHO) reported that 27% of total deaths in Bangladesh were due to CVD [2]. CVD is the highest among all causes of death followed by diseases of the respiratory system [3].
心血管疾病(CVD)是全球死亡的主要原因,在发达国家和发展中国家都是一个严重的健康问题。在孟加拉国,非传染性疾病,特别是慢性病造成的死亡正在以惊人的速度增加。其中心血管疾病、癌症、慢性呼吸系统疾病和糖尿病是导致越来越多的人死亡的原因。心血管疾病已成为孟加拉国卫生保健服务的一个重大负担。世界卫生组织(世卫组织)报告说,孟加拉国27%的死亡是由心血管疾病引起的。心血管疾病是所有死因中死亡率最高的,其次是呼吸系统疾病。
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引用次数: 0
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Biochemistry international
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