Chanatip Ummee, Ratiwan Sitdhibutr, P. Lertwatcharasarakul, C. Kasorndorkbua
Abstract. Ummee C, Sitdhibutr R, Lertwatcharasarakul P, Kasorndorkbua C. 2023. Ecological niche affects mitochondrial DNA diversity and variation in near-threatened Himalayan vulture (Gyps himalayensis). Biodiversitas 24: 3630-3640. The impact from the use of diclofenac on the Indian subcontinent is the main reason why the Himalayan vulture Gyps himalayensis Hume, 1869 has near-threatened conservation status. In particular, it has ecological niches different from those of other vultures in the same genus; however, there has been no systematic study on genetic diversity. This study analyzed the genetic diversity of Himalayan vultures that had migrated to Thailand during the winter in conjunction with samples from a limited GenBank database. The results identified no evidence of Himalayan vulture genetic diversity loss after Gyps vultures were affected by diclofenac since the 1990s and the values were related to raptors with stable population status, which may be the result of ecological niche. Genetic differences or group divided were found in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Control Region (CR) and Cyt b+CR except in Cytochrome b (Cyt b). The group division based on the results of genetic distance between CR and Cyt b+CR shows that the genetic distance between groups of CR was 10-12 times greater than that of Cyt b (0.771±0.055-0.923±0.084 and 0.076±0.068, respectively) and the difference was also present when analyzed with the combined data set of Cyt b+CR (0.448±0.036). This is an important indicator for the possible study of population structure through phylogeography, because the Cyt b from other studies did not indicate any genetic differences between populations of Himalayan vulture and other Gyps vultures, which may update conservation proposals to be more accurate and effective.
摘要刘建军，李建军，李建军，李建军。2016。生态位影响近危喜马拉雅秃鹫线粒体DNA的多样性和变异。生物多样性24:3630-3640。使用双氯芬酸对印度次大陆的影响是喜马拉雅秃鹫(Gyps喜马拉雅)Hume, 1869濒临濒危的主要原因。特别是，它的生态位与同一属的其他秃鹫不同;然而，目前还没有对遗传多样性进行系统的研究。本研究结合来自有限GenBank数据库的样本，分析了冬季迁徙到泰国的喜马拉雅秃鹫的遗传多样性。结果表明，自20世纪90年代以来，双氯芬酸对Gyps秃鹫的影响没有导致喜马拉雅秃鹫遗传多样性的丧失，其价值与种群状态稳定的猛禽有关，这可能是生态位的结果。遗传差异或组划分被发现在线粒体DNA (mtDNA)控制区域(CR)和Cyt b + CR除了细胞色素b (Cyt b)。该组织部门根据结果之间的遗传距离CR和Cyt b + CR表明群体之间的遗传距离CR Cyt b的10 - 12倍(0.771±0.055 -0.923±0.084,0.076±0.068,分别)和差异分析时也存在的联合数据集Cyt b + CR(0.448±0.036)。这是通过系统地理学研究种群结构的重要指标，因为来自其他研究的Cyt b没有表明喜马拉雅秃鹫与其他Gyps秃鹫群体之间存在任何遗传差异，这可能会使保护建议更加准确和有效。
{"title":"Ecological niche affects mitochondrial DNA diversity and variation in near-threatened Himalayan vulture (Gyps himalayensis)","authors":"Chanatip Ummee, Ratiwan Sitdhibutr, P. Lertwatcharasarakul, C. Kasorndorkbua","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240664","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Ummee C, Sitdhibutr R, Lertwatcharasarakul P, Kasorndorkbua C. 2023. Ecological niche affects mitochondrial DNA diversity and variation in near-threatened Himalayan vulture (Gyps himalayensis). Biodiversitas 24: 3630-3640. The impact from the use of diclofenac on the Indian subcontinent is the main reason why the Himalayan vulture Gyps himalayensis Hume, 1869 has near-threatened conservation status. In particular, it has ecological niches different from those of other vultures in the same genus; however, there has been no systematic study on genetic diversity. This study analyzed the genetic diversity of Himalayan vultures that had migrated to Thailand during the winter in conjunction with samples from a limited GenBank database. The results identified no evidence of Himalayan vulture genetic diversity loss after Gyps vultures were affected by diclofenac since the 1990s and the values were related to raptors with stable population status, which may be the result of ecological niche. Genetic differences or group divided were found in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Control Region (CR) and Cyt b+CR except in Cytochrome b (Cyt b). The group division based on the results of genetic distance between CR and Cyt b+CR shows that the genetic distance between groups of CR was 10-12 times greater than that of Cyt b (0.771±0.055-0.923±0.084 and 0.076±0.068, respectively) and the difference was also present when analyzed with the combined data set of Cyt b+CR (0.448±0.036). This is an important indicator for the possible study of population structure through phylogeography, because the Cyt b from other studies did not indicate any genetic differences between populations of Himalayan vulture and other Gyps vultures, which may update conservation proposals to be more accurate and effective.","PeriodicalId":8801,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity","volume":"688 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78696338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Suroto, Endang Mugiastuti, Tarjoko Tarjoko, E. Oktaviani, M. Bahrudin
Abstract. Suroto A, Mugiastuti E, Tarjoko, Oktaviani E, Bahrudin M. 2023. Diversity of insect carried-fungi in chili (Capsicum annuum) crop at Banyumas District, Central Java Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3394-3406. This study aimed to determine the species of fungal pathogens that have the potency to be carried by various insects in endemic areas of chili (Capsicum annuum L.) disease and locations with high populations of chili insect vectors in the Banyumas District. The insect samples were collected from three chili planting locations in Banyumas District (Karanglewas, Sumbang, and Sokaraja Sub-districts) from March to November 2022. The following methods carried out the research: (i) determining the sampling location, (ii) insect sampling and identification, (iii) isolation and purification of fungal pathogen carried by insects, (iv) pathogenicity test, (v) identification of fungal pathogens based on morphology characters. The exploration of 13 villages in 3 (three) sub-districts of Banyumas District found 60 insects collected from healthy and diseased chili plants. Totally, six genera of fungi were isolated and identified, namely Fusarium, Pythium, Curvularia, Penicillium, Geotrichum, and Phytophthora. This is preliminary research on the interaction between plants, microbes, and insects. Understanding these aspects is essential, not only from an ecological perspective but also for improving the genetic quality of crops as well as for integrated pest management.
{"title":"Diversity of insect carried-fungi in chili (Capsicum annuum) crop at Banyumas District, Central Java Province, Indonesia","authors":"A. Suroto, Endang Mugiastuti, Tarjoko Tarjoko, E. Oktaviani, M. Bahrudin","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240635","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Suroto A, Mugiastuti E, Tarjoko, Oktaviani E, Bahrudin M. 2023. Diversity of insect carried-fungi in chili (Capsicum annuum) crop at Banyumas District, Central Java Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3394-3406. This study aimed to determine the species of fungal pathogens that have the potency to be carried by various insects in endemic areas of chili (Capsicum annuum L.) disease and locations with high populations of chili insect vectors in the Banyumas District. The insect samples were collected from three chili planting locations in Banyumas District (Karanglewas, Sumbang, and Sokaraja Sub-districts) from March to November 2022. The following methods carried out the research: (i) determining the sampling location, (ii) insect sampling and identification, (iii) isolation and purification of fungal pathogen carried by insects, (iv) pathogenicity test, (v) identification of fungal pathogens based on morphology characters. The exploration of 13 villages in 3 (three) sub-districts of Banyumas District found 60 insects collected from healthy and diseased chili plants. Totally, six genera of fungi were isolated and identified, namely Fusarium, Pythium, Curvularia, Penicillium, Geotrichum, and Phytophthora. This is preliminary research on the interaction between plants, microbes, and insects. Understanding these aspects is essential, not only from an ecological perspective but also for improving the genetic quality of crops as well as for integrated pest management.","PeriodicalId":8801,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85237817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nur Athirah Fauzi, K. Munian, Ahmad Shahroom Mohd Shah, N. Norazlimi
Abstract. Fauzi NA, Munian K, Shah AKMK, Norazlimi NA. 2023. Species composition and diversity of waterbird communities in Important Bird and Biodiversity Area (IBA) of South West Johor Coast, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 24: 3471-3480. Mangroves play a crucial role in supporting intertidal flats and providing habitats that enrich benthic communities, which in turn serve as feeding grounds for coastal waterbirds. However, the degradation of mangrove habitats caused by coastal reclamation activities indirectly impacts prey availability and, consequently, the populations of waterbirds. The coastline habitat along the Important Bird and Biodiversity Area (IBA) of the South West Johor Coast is currently under threat due to new and ongoing development projects involving large-scale reclamation activities. Therefore, this research was conducted to study the diversity and abundance of waterbirds and their relationship with prey availability. The study was conducted in three coastal mudflat sites along the South West Johor Coast, namely Tanjung Piai, Pontian Kechil, and Muar, from November 2020 to May 2021. The direct observation technique was used to determine the abundance of waterbirds, while the benthic core sampling method was employed to assess prey availability in all study sites. In total, 3,717 individual waterbirds, comprising 17 species, were counted across the three study sites. The study confirmed a significant positive relationship between the abundance of waterbirds and prey availability (R2=0.501). The results of this study serve as important baseline data and references for the conservation of waterbirds along the South West Johor Coast. Through the study, we believe that the relevant authorities are able to formulate sound conservation strategies to preserve the habitat for a vast diversity of waterbirds.
{"title":"Species composition and diversity of waterbird communities in Important Bird and Biodiversity Area (IBA) of South West Johor Coast, Malaysia","authors":"Nur Athirah Fauzi, K. Munian, Ahmad Shahroom Mohd Shah, N. Norazlimi","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240644","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Fauzi NA, Munian K, Shah AKMK, Norazlimi NA. 2023. Species composition and diversity of waterbird communities in Important Bird and Biodiversity Area (IBA) of South West Johor Coast, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 24: 3471-3480. Mangroves play a crucial role in supporting intertidal flats and providing habitats that enrich benthic communities, which in turn serve as feeding grounds for coastal waterbirds. However, the degradation of mangrove habitats caused by coastal reclamation activities indirectly impacts prey availability and, consequently, the populations of waterbirds. The coastline habitat along the Important Bird and Biodiversity Area (IBA) of the South West Johor Coast is currently under threat due to new and ongoing development projects involving large-scale reclamation activities. Therefore, this research was conducted to study the diversity and abundance of waterbirds and their relationship with prey availability. The study was conducted in three coastal mudflat sites along the South West Johor Coast, namely Tanjung Piai, Pontian Kechil, and Muar, from November 2020 to May 2021. The direct observation technique was used to determine the abundance of waterbirds, while the benthic core sampling method was employed to assess prey availability in all study sites. In total, 3,717 individual waterbirds, comprising 17 species, were counted across the three study sites. The study confirmed a significant positive relationship between the abundance of waterbirds and prey availability (R2=0.501). The results of this study serve as important baseline data and references for the conservation of waterbirds along the South West Johor Coast. Through the study, we believe that the relevant authorities are able to formulate sound conservation strategies to preserve the habitat for a vast diversity of waterbirds.","PeriodicalId":8801,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86918976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Kuswandi PC, Ariyanti NA, Yunus MF, Amri CNAC. 2023. Anatomical, morphological and physiological leaf characters of black betel (Piper betleL. var. nigra) in varying natural and man-made habitats. Biodiversitas 24: 3236-3244. Piper betle L. var. nigra or black betel (known as Sirih hitam in Indonesia) contains valuable secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenols, carotenoids, steroids and terpenoids. Black betel leaf extract has been shown to have antimicrobial activity thus there is a prospect to be developed as a promising herbal plant. Nevertheless, little information is available about its development as a medicinal plant. This research studies the influence of different habitats on several characters of black betel leaves with the aim to understand the suitable environmental conditions for the optimum growth of black betel plants. We used a survey method and random sampling of black betel leaves in four locations in Java Island, Indonesia, namely Banyuwangi which represents natural habitat, and Karanganyar, Ngaglik and Pakem which represent man-made habitats. Measurements of temperature, humidity, soil moisture and light intensity were carried out at each location. Analyses of leaf area, leaf water content, total leaf chlorophyll content and flavonoid content were undertaken and statistically analyzed using SPSS software. Leaf transverse sections were also observed. The results showed that the environmental parameters differed in the four locations. Leaves samples from the natural habitat in Banyuwangi were significantly different (P<0.05) from the three man-made habitats for chlorophyll and flavonoid content. For water content, significant difference was only for Banyuwangi samples with those from Karanganyar and Pakem. For leaf area, significant difference was only found between the Banyuwangi samples and Karanganyar. Observations on the transverse cross section of midrib of black betel leaves from the four locations showed structures that are generally found in Piper betle species, namely the presence of an epidermal layer, trichomes in the abaxial part of the leaf, several layers of the hypodermis, visible vascular tissue and the presence of secretion cells. There were several differences in the leaf anatomy such as greater number of trichomes on the leaves from Karanganyar, the secretory cells that were more visible in the leaves from Ngaglik and Banyuwangi and the sclerenchymal tissue that was more visible in the leaves from Banyuwangi. Such differences are likely influenced by variations in environmental parameters thus showing that the man-made habitat in the Karanganyar location can affect leaves characters similar to black betel plant grown in its natural habitat in Banyuwangi.
{"title":"Anatomical, morphological and physiological leaf characters of black betel (Piper betle L. var. nigra) in varying natural and man-made habitats","authors":"P. C. Kuswandi, N. Ariyanti, M. Yunus, C. Amri","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240618","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Abstract. Kuswandi PC, Ariyanti NA, Yunus MF, Amri CNAC. 2023. Anatomical, morphological and physiological leaf characters of black betel (Piper betleL. var. nigra) in varying natural and man-made habitats. Biodiversitas 24: 3236-3244. Piper betle L. var. nigra or black betel (known as Sirih hitam in Indonesia) contains valuable secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenols, carotenoids, steroids and terpenoids. Black betel leaf extract has been shown to have antimicrobial activity thus there is a prospect to be developed as a promising herbal plant. Nevertheless, little information is available about its development as a medicinal plant. This research studies the influence of different habitats on several characters of black betel leaves with the aim to understand the suitable environmental conditions for the optimum growth of black betel plants. We used a survey method and random sampling of black betel leaves in four locations in Java Island, Indonesia, namely Banyuwangi which represents natural habitat, and Karanganyar, Ngaglik and Pakem which represent man-made habitats. Measurements of temperature, humidity, soil moisture and light intensity were carried out at each location. Analyses of leaf area, leaf water content, total leaf chlorophyll content and flavonoid content were undertaken and statistically analyzed using SPSS software. Leaf transverse sections were also observed. The results showed that the environmental parameters differed in the four locations. Leaves samples from the natural habitat in Banyuwangi were significantly different (P<0.05) from the three man-made habitats for chlorophyll and flavonoid content. For water content, significant difference was only for Banyuwangi samples with those from Karanganyar and Pakem. For leaf area, significant difference was only found between the Banyuwangi samples and Karanganyar. Observations on the transverse cross section of midrib of black betel leaves from the four locations showed structures that are generally found in Piper betle species, namely the presence of an epidermal layer, trichomes in the abaxial part of the leaf, several layers of the hypodermis, visible vascular tissue and the presence of secretion cells. There were several differences in the leaf anatomy such as greater number of trichomes on the leaves from Karanganyar, the secretory cells that were more visible in the leaves from Ngaglik and Banyuwangi and the sclerenchymal tissue that was more visible in the leaves from Banyuwangi. Such differences are likely influenced by variations in environmental parameters thus showing that the man-made habitat in the Karanganyar location can affect leaves characters similar to black betel plant grown in its natural habitat in Banyuwangi.\u0000","PeriodicalId":8801,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78639160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meuthia Maharani Kanedi, D. Wijayanti, I. Widowati, M. D. Al Malik, N. L. A. Yusmalinda, A. Sembiring
Abstract. Kanedi MM, Wijayanti DP, Widowati I, Malik MDA, Yusmalinda NLA, Sembiring A. 2023. Genetic diversity of bigeye thresher shark (Alopias superciliosus Lowe, 1841) landed in Palabuhanratu Fishing Port, Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3488-3494. The bigeye thresher shark Alopias superciliosus (Lowe, 1841) is a highly migratory marine shark, widely distributed globally in tropical and temperate seas. The bigeye thresher shark is listed as a Vulnerable/VU species on the red list of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and listed on Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Genetics is a substantial essential approach to conservation, management, and sustainability. This study investigates the bigeye thresher shark’s genetic diversity and structure populations A. superciliosus that landed in Palabuhanratu Fishing Port, Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia. Samples were collected in Palabuhanratu (n=16) and secondary data from the Atlantic Ocean (n=212) and Indian Ocean (n=16) sequences were obtained from GenBank. A total of 16 sequences of A. superciliosus have been amplified using mitochondrial DNA control region (dloop) with 857 bp in size sequenced. The Genetic diversity result showed haplotype diversity value in Palabuhanratu (Hd=0.86667; ?=0.01048) considered a high value. Overall, AMOVA and FST results showed significant differences in population structure between Palabuhanratu, Atlantic, and Indian Ocean with an FST value of 0.04420 (p-value <0.05). Based on the result, an effective strategy is needed to manage A. superciliosus sharks, both with the government and the private sector.
摘要Kanedi MM, Wijayanti DP, Widowati I, Malik MDA, Yusmalinda NLA, Sembiring A. 2023。大眼长尾鲨(Alopias superciliosus Lowe, 1841)的遗传多样性在印度尼西亚西爪哇岛苏卡umi的Palabuhanratu渔港登陆。生物多样性，24:3488-3494。大眼长尾鲨Alopias superciliosus (Lowe, 1841)是一种高度洄游的海洋鲨鱼，广泛分布于全球热带和温带海域。大眼长尾鲨被列为国际自然保护联盟(IUCN)红色名录中的易危/VU物种，并被列入《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》(CITES)附录二。遗传学是保护、管理和可持续发展的重要途径。本研究调查了在印度尼西亚西爪哇岛苏卡umi的Palabuhanratu渔港上岸的大眼长尾鲨的遗传多样性和结构种群A. superciliosus。来自Palabuhanratu的样本(n=16)，来自大西洋(n=212)和印度洋(n=16)序列的次要数据来自GenBank。利用线粒体DNA控制区(dloop)扩增出了16个序列，序列长度为857 bp。遗传多样性结果显示，巴拉布汉兔的单倍型多样性值(Hd=0.86667;?=0.01048)被认为是高值。总体而言，AMOVA和FST结果显示，帕拉布汉拉图岛、大西洋和印度洋的种群结构差异显著，FST值为0.04420 (p值<0.05)。基于这一结果，政府和私营部门都需要一个有效的策略来管理超纤毛南须鲨。
{"title":"Genetic diversity of bigeye thresher shark (Alopias superciliosus Lowe, 1841) landed in Palabuhanratu Fishing Port, Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia","authors":"Meuthia Maharani Kanedi, D. Wijayanti, I. Widowati, M. D. Al Malik, N. L. A. Yusmalinda, A. Sembiring","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240646","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Kanedi MM, Wijayanti DP, Widowati I, Malik MDA, Yusmalinda NLA, Sembiring A. 2023. Genetic diversity of bigeye thresher shark (Alopias superciliosus Lowe, 1841) landed in Palabuhanratu Fishing Port, Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3488-3494. The bigeye thresher shark Alopias superciliosus (Lowe, 1841) is a highly migratory marine shark, widely distributed globally in tropical and temperate seas. The bigeye thresher shark is listed as a Vulnerable/VU species on the red list of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and listed on Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Genetics is a substantial essential approach to conservation, management, and sustainability. This study investigates the bigeye thresher shark’s genetic diversity and structure populations A. superciliosus that landed in Palabuhanratu Fishing Port, Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia. Samples were collected in Palabuhanratu (n=16) and secondary data from the Atlantic Ocean (n=212) and Indian Ocean (n=16) sequences were obtained from GenBank. A total of 16 sequences of A. superciliosus have been amplified using mitochondrial DNA control region (dloop) with 857 bp in size sequenced. The Genetic diversity result showed haplotype diversity value in Palabuhanratu (Hd=0.86667; ?=0.01048) considered a high value. Overall, AMOVA and FST results showed significant differences in population structure between Palabuhanratu, Atlantic, and Indian Ocean with an FST value of 0.04420 (p-value <0.05). Based on the result, an effective strategy is needed to manage A. superciliosus sharks, both with the government and the private sector.","PeriodicalId":8801,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85986858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laita Nurjannah, A. Azhari, A. P. Wulandari, S. Amin, U. Supratman
Abstract. Nurjannah L, Azhari A, Wulandari AP, Amin S, Supratman U. 2023. Screening and evaluation of antidiabetic activities of endophytic fungi associated with Etlingera elatior. Biodiversitas 24: 3481-3487. Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M.Sm. has been well-documented to have antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. Among all medical conditions worldwide, diabetes mellitus is one of the leading causes of death. Therefore, research on the discovery of antidiabetic medicines inhibitory to ?-glucosidase (an enzyme for degrading complex dietary carbohydrates into sugar in the digestive process) is urgently needed. This study aims to isolate and evaluate the potential of the fermentation culture of endophytic fungi associated with E. elatior to inhibit the activity of ?-glucosidase. The endophytic fungi were isolated from various parts of E. elatior. A total of 29 isolates were successfully isolated from the plant's roots, stems, leaves, and flowers. The endophytic fungi were tested for their ability to inhibit ?-glucosidase activity in bioassays. Among those isolates, 8 were inhibitory to such an enzyme, and 2 showed the highest inhibitory activities. Morphotype and molecular identification of those isolates, using their Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal DNA (rDNA), identified them as Daldinia eschscholtzii isolate CFL 7 and Hypoxylon trugodes voucher YMJ 57, with IC50 values of 738 µg/mL and 825 µg/mL, respectively. That indicates that they are potentially used in preventing or treating diabetic mellitus.
{"title":"Screening and evaluation of antidiabetic activities of endophytic fungi associated with Etlingera elatior","authors":"Laita Nurjannah, A. Azhari, A. P. Wulandari, S. Amin, U. Supratman","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240645","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Nurjannah L, Azhari A, Wulandari AP, Amin S, Supratman U. 2023. Screening and evaluation of antidiabetic activities of endophytic fungi associated with Etlingera elatior. Biodiversitas 24: 3481-3487. Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M.Sm. has been well-documented to have antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. Among all medical conditions worldwide, diabetes mellitus is one of the leading causes of death. Therefore, research on the discovery of antidiabetic medicines inhibitory to ?-glucosidase (an enzyme for degrading complex dietary carbohydrates into sugar in the digestive process) is urgently needed. This study aims to isolate and evaluate the potential of the fermentation culture of endophytic fungi associated with E. elatior to inhibit the activity of ?-glucosidase. The endophytic fungi were isolated from various parts of E. elatior. A total of 29 isolates were successfully isolated from the plant's roots, stems, leaves, and flowers. The endophytic fungi were tested for their ability to inhibit ?-glucosidase activity in bioassays. Among those isolates, 8 were inhibitory to such an enzyme, and 2 showed the highest inhibitory activities. Morphotype and molecular identification of those isolates, using their Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal DNA (rDNA), identified them as Daldinia eschscholtzii isolate CFL 7 and Hypoxylon trugodes voucher YMJ 57, with IC50 values of 738 µg/mL and 825 µg/mL, respectively. That indicates that they are potentially used in preventing or treating diabetic mellitus.","PeriodicalId":8801,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity","volume":"182 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77942539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Bintoro, Darmawan O. Sutjipto, T. D. Lelono, B. Semedi, A. Sartimbul, M. Wahyuni
Abstract. Bintoro G, Sutjipto DO, Lelono TD, Semedi B, Sartimbul A, Wahyuni MT. 2023. Sustainable economic analysis and length weight relationship of Bullet Tuna (Auxis rochei) fishery in east area of Bali Strait, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3528-3535. Bullet tuna (Auxis rochei) is a small pelagic fish with an important economic value and is mainly caught by fishermen in the east area of Bali Strait, Indonesia. The high market demand for this fish has increased fishing efforts to achieve maximum catch, and this uncontrolled fishing activity will threaten its sustainability and economic potential. This study was conducted to determine stock status both biologically and economically. The length-weight relationship was calculated by measuring the length and weight of 1,200 samples of fish landed in the Pengambengan Archipelago Fishing Port (AFP) in Jembrana Bali Province from February to March 2020. The calculation of maximum sustainable yield (MSY), maximum economic yield (MEY), and equilibrium of open access (OA) were done by using secondary catch data from 2008 to 2019. Gordon Schaefer’s model analysis found that the values of YMSY and fMSY were 3,314 tonnes year-1 and 3,503 trips year-1, respectively. While the values of YMEY and fMEY were 3,160 tonnes year-1 and 2,750 trips year-1, respectively, which gave a maximum profit of about 1.4 billion USD year-1. In addition, the equilibrium of OA would be achieved when the fishing effort reaches 5,500 trips year-1 and the amount of catch reaches 2,237 tons year-1. The growth pattern of the bullet tuna was isometric, which indicates that the bullet tuna in the east area of Bali Strait has a proportional body shape. The utilization status of bullet tuna (A. rochei) is over-exploited.
{"title":"Sustainable economic analysis and length weight relationship of Bullet Tuna (Auxis rochei) fishery in east area of Bali Strait, Indonesia","authors":"G. Bintoro, Darmawan O. Sutjipto, T. D. Lelono, B. Semedi, A. Sartimbul, M. Wahyuni","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240651","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Bintoro G, Sutjipto DO, Lelono TD, Semedi B, Sartimbul A, Wahyuni MT. 2023. Sustainable economic analysis and length weight relationship of Bullet Tuna (Auxis rochei) fishery in east area of Bali Strait, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3528-3535. Bullet tuna (Auxis rochei) is a small pelagic fish with an important economic value and is mainly caught by fishermen in the east area of Bali Strait, Indonesia. The high market demand for this fish has increased fishing efforts to achieve maximum catch, and this uncontrolled fishing activity will threaten its sustainability and economic potential. This study was conducted to determine stock status both biologically and economically. The length-weight relationship was calculated by measuring the length and weight of 1,200 samples of fish landed in the Pengambengan Archipelago Fishing Port (AFP) in Jembrana Bali Province from February to March 2020. The calculation of maximum sustainable yield (MSY), maximum economic yield (MEY), and equilibrium of open access (OA) were done by using secondary catch data from 2008 to 2019. Gordon Schaefer’s model analysis found that the values of YMSY and fMSY were 3,314 tonnes year-1 and 3,503 trips year-1, respectively. While the values of YMEY and fMEY were 3,160 tonnes year-1 and 2,750 trips year-1, respectively, which gave a maximum profit of about 1.4 billion USD year-1. In addition, the equilibrium of OA would be achieved when the fishing effort reaches 5,500 trips year-1 and the amount of catch reaches 2,237 tons year-1. The growth pattern of the bullet tuna was isometric, which indicates that the bullet tuna in the east area of Bali Strait has a proportional body shape. The utilization status of bullet tuna (A. rochei) is over-exploited.","PeriodicalId":8801,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83874944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Utami P, Kunda RM. 2023. Surface ultrastructure of tick (Acari: Ixodidae) on Moa buffalo from Southwest Maluku District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3230-3235. Moa buffalo is one of the local Indonesian buffalo families in the Southwest Maluku District with very limited distribution and is found only on Moa Island. It exhibits distinct characteristics that distinguish it from clumps of mud buffalo and other local breeds, making it a valuable local livestock resource in Indonesia. Meanwhile, ticks are obligatory hematophagous ectoparasites with direct effects on the host, such as blood and weight loss, and their indirect effects are more associated with their role as vectors of disease-carrying pathogens. This study aimed to identify ticks infesting Moa buffalo by analyzing their surface ultrastructure using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) method. This method enabled the establishment of the taxonomic status to obtain comprehensive data regarding the mapping of tick species in Moa buffalo. The samples were manually collected, and the body of the cattle was divided into four regions to determine the preferred attachment sites of ticks. The head, back, tail, and legs were all carefully examined, and each tick was carefully picked from the surface using tweezers or a pair of thumb forceps. Furthermore, the tick samples were collected from three different parts of the Moa buffalo's body, namely the armpit, inguinal region, and perianal area. Based on observations of morphological characters, the ticks found in Moa buffalo were of two species, namely Dermacentor auratus Supino, 1897 and Haemaphysalis bispinosa Neumann, 1897. The Dermacentor genus, specifically D. auratus exhibited specific morphological characteristics, including a pair of eyes located at the coxae II level, an ornate scutum, capitulum, and feet, as well as a short hypostome with 3:3 tooth arrangement. Members of this genus also had festoons, with the size of coxae increasing from I to IV. On the other hand, H. bispinosa was characterized by underdeveloped cornua. The segments of palpal III, for both males and females exhibited posterodorsal and posteroventral protrusions. The posteroventral segment of palpal III formed a wide and blunt triangle in both sexes, while the palpal III section had wide median spurs. These characteristics were keys for the identification of H. bispinosa species.
摘要Utami P, Kunda RM。2023. 印尼马鲁古西南地区摩阿水牛身上蜱虫(蜱螨:伊蚊科)表面超微结构。生物多样性24:3230-3235。摩阿水牛是西南马鲁古地区印度尼西亚当地水牛家族之一，分布非常有限，仅在摩阿岛上发现。它表现出与成群的泥水牛和其他地方品种不同的独特特征，使其成为印度尼西亚宝贵的地方牲畜资源。同时，蜱虫是强制性的食血体外寄生虫，对宿主有直接影响，如血液和体重减少，而它们的间接影响更多地与它们作为携带疾病病原体的载体的作用有关。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)方法，对侵害摩阿水牛的蜱虫进行了表面超微结构分析。该方法建立了Moa水牛蜱类分类地位，获得了有关Moa水牛蜱类定位的综合数据。人工采集样本，将牛体分为4个区域，确定蜱虫的首选附着部位。头、背、尾和腿都被仔细地检查过，每只蜱都被用镊子或拇指钳从表面小心地抠出来。此外，蜱虫样本从Moa水牛身体的三个不同部位收集，即腋窝，腹股沟区域和肛周区域。根据形态特征的观察，在恐鸟水牛中发现的蜱属2种，分别是1897年的皮肤蜱(Dermacentor auratus Supino)和1897年的bispinosa Neumann血蜱(haemaphyysalis bispinosa Neumann)。皮足龙属，特别是金足龙，具有独特的形态特征，包括一对位于髋II水平的眼睛、华丽的皮囊、头状骨和足，以及一个短的、3:3牙齿排列的假说体。该属的成员也有花葶，其尾羽的大小从1增加到4。另一方面，该属的特征是角发育不全。雄性和雌性的III型触须节段均表现为后嗅侧和后腹侧突出。两性均可见第三肢后腹段呈宽钝三角形，第三肢中突宽。这些特征是鉴定双皮藻种的关键。
{"title":"Surface ultrastructure of tick (Acari: Ixodidae) on Moa buffalo from Southwest Maluku District, Indonesia","authors":"Prasetyarti Utami, R. M. Kunda","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240617","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Utami P, Kunda RM. 2023. Surface ultrastructure of tick (Acari: Ixodidae) on Moa buffalo from Southwest Maluku District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3230-3235. Moa buffalo is one of the local Indonesian buffalo families in the Southwest Maluku District with very limited distribution and is found only on Moa Island. It exhibits distinct characteristics that distinguish it from clumps of mud buffalo and other local breeds, making it a valuable local livestock resource in Indonesia. Meanwhile, ticks are obligatory hematophagous ectoparasites with direct effects on the host, such as blood and weight loss, and their indirect effects are more associated with their role as vectors of disease-carrying pathogens. This study aimed to identify ticks infesting Moa buffalo by analyzing their surface ultrastructure using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) method. This method enabled the establishment of the taxonomic status to obtain comprehensive data regarding the mapping of tick species in Moa buffalo. The samples were manually collected, and the body of the cattle was divided into four regions to determine the preferred attachment sites of ticks. The head, back, tail, and legs were all carefully examined, and each tick was carefully picked from the surface using tweezers or a pair of thumb forceps. Furthermore, the tick samples were collected from three different parts of the Moa buffalo's body, namely the armpit, inguinal region, and perianal area. Based on observations of morphological characters, the ticks found in Moa buffalo were of two species, namely Dermacentor auratus Supino, 1897 and Haemaphysalis bispinosa Neumann, 1897. The Dermacentor genus, specifically D. auratus exhibited specific morphological characteristics, including a pair of eyes located at the coxae II level, an ornate scutum, capitulum, and feet, as well as a short hypostome with 3:3 tooth arrangement. Members of this genus also had festoons, with the size of coxae increasing from I to IV. On the other hand, H. bispinosa was characterized by underdeveloped cornua. The segments of palpal III, for both males and females exhibited posterodorsal and posteroventral protrusions. The posteroventral segment of palpal III formed a wide and blunt triangle in both sexes, while the palpal III section had wide median spurs. These characteristics were keys for the identification of H. bispinosa species.","PeriodicalId":8801,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity","volume":"142 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74021917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Subekti N, Milanio RR. 2023. Termite diversity and abundance based on altitude in Mount Ungaran, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3332-3337. Termites are social insects whose main diet is the cellulose and lignocellulose found in rotting wood and in some fungi. As the Mount Ungaran area in Central Java, Indonesia, has been converted to agriculture and other purposes, termite habitat has become increasingly narrow, with a reduction in the insects’ food sources. The purpose of this study was to analyze the species of termites found on Mount Ungaran and the factors that influence their lives. In addition, the differences in species according to slope (north, south, east, and west) and altitude were assessed. This research was conducted in three stages: termite collection, termite identification, and data analysis. The main species found in this study were Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren, 1913, Odontotermes javanicus Holmgren, 1912, Macrotermes gilvus Hagen, 1858, Nasutitermes matangensis Haviland, 1898, and Bulbitermes constrictiformis Holmgren, 1914. Based on a Shannon-Wiener analysis, the west slope had the highest diversity index, which was primarily influenced by four environmental factors (soil pH, soil temperature, soil moisture, and rainfall). In the canonical relationship correspondence analysis, soil pH, light intensity, and canopy cover were the environmental factors that most affected the diversity and abundance of termites on Mount Ungaran. The conclusions that can be drawn from this study are that termite richness varied between slopes and the environmental factors that were the most associated with the variation were soil pH, light intensity, and canopy cover.
{"title":"Termite diversity and abundance based on altitude in Mount Ungaran, Central Java, Indonesia","authors":"N. Subekti, R. R. Milanio","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240626","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Abstract. Subekti N, Milanio RR. 2023. Termite diversity and abundance based on altitude in Mount Ungaran, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3332-3337. Termites are social insects whose main diet is the cellulose and lignocellulose found in rotting wood and in some fungi. As the Mount Ungaran area in Central Java, Indonesia, has been converted to agriculture and other purposes, termite habitat has become increasingly narrow, with a reduction in the insects’ food sources. The purpose of this study was to analyze the species of termites found on Mount Ungaran and the factors that influence their lives. In addition, the differences in species according to slope (north, south, east, and west) and altitude were assessed. This research was conducted in three stages: termite collection, termite identification, and data analysis. The main species found in this study were Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren, 1913, Odontotermes javanicus Holmgren, 1912, Macrotermes gilvus Hagen, 1858, Nasutitermes matangensis Haviland, 1898, and Bulbitermes constrictiformis Holmgren, 1914. Based on a Shannon-Wiener analysis, the west slope had the highest diversity index, which was primarily influenced by four environmental factors (soil pH, soil temperature, soil moisture, and rainfall). In the canonical relationship correspondence analysis, soil pH, light intensity, and canopy cover were the environmental factors that most affected the diversity and abundance of termites on Mount Ungaran. The conclusions that can be drawn from this study are that termite richness varied between slopes and the environmental factors that were the most associated with the variation were soil pH, light intensity, and canopy cover.\u0000","PeriodicalId":8801,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80231460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Chaniago, Yulistriani Yulistriani, I. M. Umami, Zam Z. Bukhari
Abstract. Chaniago I, Yulistriani, Umami IM, Bukhari ZZ. 2023. Soil macrofauna diversity and weed dynamics in response to different methods of weed control in smallholder rubber farming. Biodiversitas 24: 3106-3113. Weeds interference in rubber farmland may reduce latex yield. Farmers apply herbicides to control weeds. However, the herbicide not only controls weed but also affects the presence of soil macrofauna. A study has been conducted to determine the effect of different method of weed control on soil macrofauna and weeds at smallholder rubber farming at Pulau Punjung, Dharmasraya District, West Sumatra, Indonesia. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with 6 treatments and 4 pseudo-replications. Treatment was mechanical control, without weed control, and 4 doses of herbicide glyphosate+metsulfuron-methyl (1.5 L ha-1 + 15 g ha-1, 2 L ha-1 + 15 g ha-1, 2.5 L ha-1 + 15 g ha-1, 3 L ha-1 + 15 g ha-1) with 400 L ha-1 of volume. Pitfall traps were used to collect the soil macrofauna. Data were analysis with ANOVA for weed and soil macrofauna in response to different methods of weed control. Results demonstrated that the application of glyphosate+metsulfuron-methyl herbicide significantly suppressed weeds higher than that of other methods of weed control (p<0.05). Para grass (Brachiaria mutica (Forssk.) Stapf) was the most dominant weed but has been affected most by 3 L ha-1 + 15 g ha-1 herbicide mixture. Soil macrofauna of the order Hemiptera was affected most by the application of herbicide with a total reduction of 71.58% of number of individuals at 12 weeks after application of herbicide. In general, different weed control methods resulted in varied numbers of orders and individuals of the soil macrofauna.
摘要张建军，刘建军，刘建军。2008。橡胶小农不同除草方式对土壤大型动物多样性和杂草动态的影响。生物多样性24:3106-3113。橡胶田杂草干扰会导致乳胶产量下降。农民使用除草剂控制杂草。然而，除草剂不仅控制杂草，而且影响土壤大型动物的存在。在印度尼西亚西苏门答腊岛Dharmasraya地区Pulau Punjung进行了一项研究，以确定不同的杂草控制方法对小型橡胶农场土壤大型动物和杂草的影响。试验采用完全随机区组设计，6个处理，4个假重复。处理为机械对照，不除杂草，4剂量草甘膦+甲磺隆-甲基除草剂(1.5 L ha-1 + 15 g ha-1, 2 L ha-1 + 15 g ha-1, 2.5 L ha-1 + 15 g ha-1, 3 L ha-1 + 15 g ha-1)，体积为400 L ha-1。采用诱捕法采集土壤大型动物。采用方差分析方法对不同杂草防治方法对杂草和土壤大型动物的影响进行分析。结果表明，施用草甘膦+甲磺隆-甲基除草剂对杂草的抑制作用显著高于其他除草方法(p<0.05)。对生草(Brachiaria mutica)3 L ha-1 + 15 g ha-1混合除草剂对其影响最大。除草剂对半翅目土壤大型动物的影响最大，施用12周后总个体数减少71.58%。总的来说，不同的杂草控制方法导致土壤大型动物的目数和个体数不同。
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