Pub Date : 2022-10-18DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-bja10192
Veronica Manara, Tommaso Ruberto, William T. Swaney, A. Reddon
In complex social groups, animals rely on communication to facilitate priority access to resources and minimise the costs of conflict. Animals typically have more aggression signals than submission signals. However, some social species do show multiple submission signals, and the context in which these different signals are used is often not well understood. In the current study, we assessed agonistic interactions within groups of the cooperatively breeding daffodil cichlid fish (Neolamprologus pulcher) to investigate the relationship between the aggressive behaviours of the dominant breeding pair, and the submissive responses of the highest ranked subordinate within the group. Daffodil cichlids may respond to aggression by fleeing or by the production of either a tail quiver display or a head up display. Among the two submission signals, the tail quiver display was used more frequently in response to a threat display, while head up displays were produced approximately equally in response to both threat displays and overt aggression. An exaggerated version of the head up display was given more often in response to overt aggression, suggesting a graded submissive response both within and between the two submission signals. Within fish, the frequency of head up displays, but not tail quiver displays, correlated positively with the frequency of threat displays received. The current study helps us to better understand the use of submission signals in a highly social vertebrate and sheds light on submission as an understudied aspect of communication.
{"title":"Subordinate submissive responses are predicted by dominant behaviour in a cooperatively breeding fish","authors":"Veronica Manara, Tommaso Ruberto, William T. Swaney, A. Reddon","doi":"10.1163/1568539x-bja10192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-bja10192","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In complex social groups, animals rely on communication to facilitate priority access to resources and minimise the costs of conflict. Animals typically have more aggression signals than submission signals. However, some social species do show multiple submission signals, and the context in which these different signals are used is often not well understood. In the current study, we assessed agonistic interactions within groups of the cooperatively breeding daffodil cichlid fish (Neolamprologus pulcher) to investigate the relationship between the aggressive behaviours of the dominant breeding pair, and the submissive responses of the highest ranked subordinate within the group. Daffodil cichlids may respond to aggression by fleeing or by the production of either a tail quiver display or a head up display. Among the two submission signals, the tail quiver display was used more frequently in response to a threat display, while head up displays were produced approximately equally in response to both threat displays and overt aggression. An exaggerated version of the head up display was given more often in response to overt aggression, suggesting a graded submissive response both within and between the two submission signals. Within fish, the frequency of head up displays, but not tail quiver displays, correlated positively with the frequency of threat displays received. The current study helps us to better understand the use of submission signals in a highly social vertebrate and sheds light on submission as an understudied aspect of communication.","PeriodicalId":8822,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46153392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-13DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-bja10189
Ryan E. Forbes, G. Kerley
Optimally foraging animals should minimise time spent foraging in order to perform other fitness-enhancing activities. The ruminants’ more efficient digestive system, requiring lower volumes of forage, is predicted to provide an advantage over hindgut fermenters with respect to foraging effort, but this may be offset by their need for higher quality forage. We contrasted the activity of two similarly-sized, syntopic grazers, black wildebeest (Connochaetes gnou), a ruminant, and Cape mountain zebra (Equus zebra zebra), a hindgut fermenter, using camera trap data and tested the volume-requirement and the nutrient-driven hypotheses, seasonally. Zebra and wildebeest activity varied seasonally, potentially due to differences in resource availability. In winter, a greater proportion of wildebeest were recorded grazing relative to zebra, supporting the nutrient-driven hypothesis, whilst the inverse occurred (although not significantly) in summer, supporting the volume-requirement hypothesis. Seasonal variation in resources may provide temporal foraging trade-offs of benefits for ruminants and hindgut fermenters.
{"title":"Do ruminants and hindgut fermenters differ in their activity? Comparison of syntopic black wildebeest and Cape mountain zebra","authors":"Ryan E. Forbes, G. Kerley","doi":"10.1163/1568539x-bja10189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-bja10189","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Optimally foraging animals should minimise time spent foraging in order to perform other fitness-enhancing activities. The ruminants’ more efficient digestive system, requiring lower volumes of forage, is predicted to provide an advantage over hindgut fermenters with respect to foraging effort, but this may be offset by their need for higher quality forage. We contrasted the activity of two similarly-sized, syntopic grazers, black wildebeest (Connochaetes gnou), a ruminant, and Cape mountain zebra (Equus zebra zebra), a hindgut fermenter, using camera trap data and tested the volume-requirement and the nutrient-driven hypotheses, seasonally. Zebra and wildebeest activity varied seasonally, potentially due to differences in resource availability. In winter, a greater proportion of wildebeest were recorded grazing relative to zebra, supporting the nutrient-driven hypothesis, whilst the inverse occurred (although not significantly) in summer, supporting the volume-requirement hypothesis. Seasonal variation in resources may provide temporal foraging trade-offs of benefits for ruminants and hindgut fermenters.","PeriodicalId":8822,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45009723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-05DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-bja10188
F. Grieco
Territorial animals often reduce aggression towards familiar neighbours compared to unfamiliar conspecifics. However, variation in the response to different neighbours is less known. In this work, I examined the territorial behaviour of male scops owls during countersinging interactions with two familiar neighbours and I asked whether vocal behaviour of the focal male reflected dear-enemy relationships. Analysis revealed that the focal male’s vocal frequency was associated with (1) the degree of instability of the territory boundary shared with a neighbour and (2) the motivation to persist in the dyadic interaction with that neighbour. Patterns of movement directed to specific individuals suggest that scops owls do discriminate between neighbours. A case of partial territory takeover was observed that was accompanied by temporal changes in vocal frequency in one of the opponents, confirming that vocal frequency is a flexible, context-dependent feature of the relationship of neighbouring scops owls.
{"title":"Vocal behaviour reveals asymmetries in neighbour relationships in a semi-colonial raptor, the Eurasian Scops Owl Otus scops","authors":"F. Grieco","doi":"10.1163/1568539x-bja10188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-bja10188","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Territorial animals often reduce aggression towards familiar neighbours compared to unfamiliar conspecifics. However, variation in the response to different neighbours is less known. In this work, I examined the territorial behaviour of male scops owls during countersinging interactions with two familiar neighbours and I asked whether vocal behaviour of the focal male reflected dear-enemy relationships. Analysis revealed that the focal male’s vocal frequency was associated with (1) the degree of instability of the territory boundary shared with a neighbour and (2) the motivation to persist in the dyadic interaction with that neighbour. Patterns of movement directed to specific individuals suggest that scops owls do discriminate between neighbours. A case of partial territory takeover was observed that was accompanied by temporal changes in vocal frequency in one of the opponents, confirming that vocal frequency is a flexible, context-dependent feature of the relationship of neighbouring scops owls.","PeriodicalId":8822,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47609822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-16DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-bja10184
Sara L. Chartier, Scott M. Ramsay, K. Otter
Cultural evolution of birdsong occurs when songs change over generations and such changes can spread directionally or via drift within populations. We describe the emergence and directional spread of a novel song variant within a population of White-throated Sparrows in central British Columbia, Canada. Birds in this population have been singing a doublet-ending song since the early 2000s. In 2015, we detected a novel variant, consisting of a doublet-ending song with a distinctive amplitude modulation in the first note (Modulated-Doublet). We banded and recorded birds from 2015 to 2020 and classified songs using both audio and spectrographic analysis. The proportion of birds singing the Modulated-Doublet increased, replacing the Unmodulated-Doublet over time. Additionally, the modulation became more pronounced, both across the population and within individual birds, over successive years. The rapid spread suggests there may be several transmission biases driving the adoption of this novel song over the older established variant.
{"title":"Within-population song evolution in white-throated sparrows (Zonotrichia albicollis)","authors":"Sara L. Chartier, Scott M. Ramsay, K. Otter","doi":"10.1163/1568539x-bja10184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-bja10184","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Cultural evolution of birdsong occurs when songs change over generations and such changes can spread directionally or via drift within populations. We describe the emergence and directional spread of a novel song variant within a population of White-throated Sparrows in central British Columbia, Canada. Birds in this population have been singing a doublet-ending song since the early 2000s. In 2015, we detected a novel variant, consisting of a doublet-ending song with a distinctive amplitude modulation in the first note (Modulated-Doublet). We banded and recorded birds from 2015 to 2020 and classified songs using both audio and spectrographic analysis. The proportion of birds singing the Modulated-Doublet increased, replacing the Unmodulated-Doublet over time. Additionally, the modulation became more pronounced, both across the population and within individual birds, over successive years. The rapid spread suggests there may be several transmission biases driving the adoption of this novel song over the older established variant.","PeriodicalId":8822,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46061221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-16DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-bja10187
R. Rebouças
Anurans are one of the most diverse groups of animals, with single and multi-modal communication forms commonly used to settle disputes over territory and to attract females. Thus, I aimed to evaluate if male white-edged treefrogs tend to attack smaller individuals and which morphometric factor is related to it. Advertisement calls of this species were recorded and used in a four-choice experiment with the emission of artificially designed calls. I evaluated which speaker individuals approached and if morphometric variables could predict it. I observed that individuals approached significantly more often towards the high-pitched call than other treatments, and the frequency to do so was predicted by the extension of orange colour in their legs. These results indicate that smaller individuals are actively excluded from calling sites.
{"title":"White-edged cowards: high-pitched treefrogs will be attacked by those with orange legs","authors":"R. Rebouças","doi":"10.1163/1568539x-bja10187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-bja10187","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Anurans are one of the most diverse groups of animals, with single and multi-modal communication forms commonly used to settle disputes over territory and to attract females. Thus, I aimed to evaluate if male white-edged treefrogs tend to attack smaller individuals and which morphometric factor is related to it. Advertisement calls of this species were recorded and used in a four-choice experiment with the emission of artificially designed calls. I evaluated which speaker individuals approached and if morphometric variables could predict it. I observed that individuals approached significantly more often towards the high-pitched call than other treatments, and the frequency to do so was predicted by the extension of orange colour in their legs. These results indicate that smaller individuals are actively excluded from calling sites.","PeriodicalId":8822,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45993059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-13DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-bja10185
Veronica Groves, C. Elvidge, Grant E. Brown
Aquatic prey use chemical alarm cues as public information sources to optimize behavioural decisions. Recent studies suggest that the contextual value of these cues is shaped by their source, the size of the donor relative to the receiver, and the size of the receiver itself. Here, we exposed Hart’s rivulus (Anablepsoides hartii) to conspecific or heterospecific alarm cues from donors that were either smaller or larger than the mean focal rivulus size. Smaller rivulus reduced foraging in response to conspecific and heterospecific cues, regardless of donor size. However, larger rivulus exhibited no reduction in foraging towards small conspecific cues and increased foraging towards small heterospecific cues. Additionally, while conspecific donors elicited strong predator avoidance, rivulus exhibited stronger responses to large vs. small heterospecific cues. Our results demonstrate that the value of alarm cues is shaped by the interacting effects of receiver size and the size and species of cue donors.
{"title":"The role of donor and receiver size in the response to public cues in Hart’s rivulus, Anablepsoides hartii","authors":"Veronica Groves, C. Elvidge, Grant E. Brown","doi":"10.1163/1568539x-bja10185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-bja10185","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Aquatic prey use chemical alarm cues as public information sources to optimize behavioural decisions. Recent studies suggest that the contextual value of these cues is shaped by their source, the size of the donor relative to the receiver, and the size of the receiver itself. Here, we exposed Hart’s rivulus (Anablepsoides hartii) to conspecific or heterospecific alarm cues from donors that were either smaller or larger than the mean focal rivulus size. Smaller rivulus reduced foraging in response to conspecific and heterospecific cues, regardless of donor size. However, larger rivulus exhibited no reduction in foraging towards small conspecific cues and increased foraging towards small heterospecific cues. Additionally, while conspecific donors elicited strong predator avoidance, rivulus exhibited stronger responses to large vs. small heterospecific cues. Our results demonstrate that the value of alarm cues is shaped by the interacting effects of receiver size and the size and species of cue donors.","PeriodicalId":8822,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47563365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-13DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-bja10183
Robin D. Johnsson, Farley Connelly, John A. Lesku
We investigated tool use in twelve wild-caught Australian magpies. When presented with a tool use apparatus consisting of two transparent walls with a food reward placed in-between, seven magpies pulled the stick out of the apparatus acquiring the food within. On one occasion, one magpie manipulated the removed stick, carried it back to the apparatus, dropped it between the two walls and proceeded to rake out the food within reach of its beak. We believe this observation is important for the field of comparative cognition as it (1) is the first study to report stick tool use in Australian magpies, and (2) shows a novel behaviour in a ground foraging bird that, as far as we know, do not naturally use tools for food extraction. This study provides preliminary evidence that Australian magpies may be added to the list of bird species that can use tools.
{"title":"Preliminary evidence of tool use in an Australian magpie?","authors":"Robin D. Johnsson, Farley Connelly, John A. Lesku","doi":"10.1163/1568539x-bja10183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-bja10183","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000We investigated tool use in twelve wild-caught Australian magpies. When presented with a tool use apparatus consisting of two transparent walls with a food reward placed in-between, seven magpies pulled the stick out of the apparatus acquiring the food within. On one occasion, one magpie manipulated the removed stick, carried it back to the apparatus, dropped it between the two walls and proceeded to rake out the food within reach of its beak. We believe this observation is important for the field of comparative cognition as it (1) is the first study to report stick tool use in Australian magpies, and (2) shows a novel behaviour in a ground foraging bird that, as far as we know, do not naturally use tools for food extraction. This study provides preliminary evidence that Australian magpies may be added to the list of bird species that can use tools.","PeriodicalId":8822,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45198581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-13DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-bja10186
I. Volodin, Kseniya D. Karaseva, E. Volodina, T. Tari, A. Náhlik
Within-population acoustic variation of European red deer Cervus elaphus follows two empirically established common rules: Rule 1: suggesting similar-pitched stag and hind calls because of potential prevalence of natural over sexual selection on call pitch; and Rule 2: predicting lower-pitched calls in adults, because larger vocal folds normally produce lower-pitched calls in mammals. We found that both rules were supported for native Pannonian red deer from Central Europe. All fundamental frequency () parameter values of hind contact calls (for the exclusion of the beginning ) were indistinguishable from those of stag rutting roars. These results agree with published data on vocalization of male and female American and Asian wapiti Cervus canadensis. Calls of adults of either sex were lower in frequency than calf calls. These results disagree with data collected from adult and young American wapiti producing same-frequency calls, probably because of a distinctive mechanism of sound production (whistling).
{"title":"European-native vocalizing: sex and age-class acoustic variation in the Central European red deer (Cervus elaphus)","authors":"I. Volodin, Kseniya D. Karaseva, E. Volodina, T. Tari, A. Náhlik","doi":"10.1163/1568539x-bja10186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-bja10186","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Within-population acoustic variation of European red deer Cervus elaphus follows two empirically established common rules: Rule 1: suggesting similar-pitched stag and hind calls because of potential prevalence of natural over sexual selection on call pitch; and Rule 2: predicting lower-pitched calls in adults, because larger vocal folds normally produce lower-pitched calls in mammals. We found that both rules were supported for native Pannonian red deer from Central Europe. All fundamental frequency () parameter values of hind contact calls (for the exclusion of the beginning ) were indistinguishable from those of stag rutting roars. These results agree with published data on vocalization of male and female American and Asian wapiti Cervus canadensis. Calls of adults of either sex were lower in frequency than calf calls. These results disagree with data collected from adult and young American wapiti producing same-frequency calls, probably because of a distinctive mechanism of sound production (whistling).","PeriodicalId":8822,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43382794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-13DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-bja10180
Itzel De Aquino, I. González-Santoyo, A. Link, J. Muñoz-Delgado
Food-sharing is a cooperative behaviour related to the transfer of resources between conspecifics, and it is considered a complex prosocial behaviour because of its associated costs. It is more likely that an individual cooperates with closely related kin (e.g., in food sharing), and particularly with close maternal kin. In female philopatric species, such as Cebus spp., mother–offspring bonds likely explain patterns of maternal kin biases. On the other hand, the explanation of the evolution of food-sharing among non-kin is diverse. Capuchin monkeys (genera Cebus and Sapajus) are interesting to study cooperation since this is a critical behaviour to gain and protect ecological and reproductive resources in the wild, including care of their offspring. We performed an experimental protocol to induce behavioural observations with a provisioning technique using chicken eggs in a wild group of white-faced capuchin monkeys (Cebus versicolor). We aimed to test whether this white-faced capuchin monkeys engaged in food-sharing in the wild, describing the pattern of this cooperative behaviour. Furthermore, we also described some conditions that might affect this behaviour. We observed that these capuchins shared the eggs in passive exchanges, meaning that possessors let other individuals to eat from their egg. Our results further suggest that these exchanges may be due to mainly maternal kin biases. This study offers a preliminary observation of a little-studied capuchin species in the wild and adds information about how cooperation works in the wild.
{"title":"An exploratory study of cooperation: food-sharing behaviour in wild varied white-fronted capuchin monkeys (Cebus versicolor) in Central Colombia","authors":"Itzel De Aquino, I. González-Santoyo, A. Link, J. Muñoz-Delgado","doi":"10.1163/1568539x-bja10180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-bja10180","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Food-sharing is a cooperative behaviour related to the transfer of resources between conspecifics, and it is considered a complex prosocial behaviour because of its associated costs. It is more likely that an individual cooperates with closely related kin (e.g., in food sharing), and particularly with close maternal kin. In female philopatric species, such as Cebus spp., mother–offspring bonds likely explain patterns of maternal kin biases. On the other hand, the explanation of the evolution of food-sharing among non-kin is diverse. Capuchin monkeys (genera Cebus and Sapajus) are interesting to study cooperation since this is a critical behaviour to gain and protect ecological and reproductive resources in the wild, including care of their offspring. We performed an experimental protocol to induce behavioural observations with a provisioning technique using chicken eggs in a wild group of white-faced capuchin monkeys (Cebus versicolor). We aimed to test whether this white-faced capuchin monkeys engaged in food-sharing in the wild, describing the pattern of this cooperative behaviour. Furthermore, we also described some conditions that might affect this behaviour. We observed that these capuchins shared the eggs in passive exchanges, meaning that possessors let other individuals to eat from their egg. Our results further suggest that these exchanges may be due to mainly maternal kin biases. This study offers a preliminary observation of a little-studied capuchin species in the wild and adds information about how cooperation works in the wild.","PeriodicalId":8822,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45659534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-09DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-bja10182
S. Trumbo
Biparental associations are rare in most taxa. A second parent should stay with its current brood only to enhance brood fitness or to increase its own future breeding opportunities. I compared the breeding performance of Nicrophorus defodiens pairs and single females while confronting a conspecific male intruder. Pairs fared better than single females in defending a brood, and age had a strong effect on contest outcomes even though defenders and intruders were of the same age. Pairs also produced larger broods than single females, but only on larger carcasses. The results and a review of prior studies suggest that the benefits for a male that stays with a partner during the post-hatch period, whether gains from offspring success or protecting mating opportunities, are observed primarily in the context of intruder pressure, and that paternal care such as regurgitations to young and nest maintenance would not have evolved in a rival-free world.
{"title":"Why do males stay in biparental burying beetles?","authors":"S. Trumbo","doi":"10.1163/1568539x-bja10182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-bja10182","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Biparental associations are rare in most taxa. A second parent should stay with its current brood only to enhance brood fitness or to increase its own future breeding opportunities. I compared the breeding performance of Nicrophorus defodiens pairs and single females while confronting a conspecific male intruder. Pairs fared better than single females in defending a brood, and age had a strong effect on contest outcomes even though defenders and intruders were of the same age. Pairs also produced larger broods than single females, but only on larger carcasses. The results and a review of prior studies suggest that the benefits for a male that stays with a partner during the post-hatch period, whether gains from offspring success or protecting mating opportunities, are observed primarily in the context of intruder pressure, and that paternal care such as regurgitations to young and nest maintenance would not have evolved in a rival-free world.","PeriodicalId":8822,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47441769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：