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Flat-Field and Colour Correction for the Raspberry Pi Camera Module 树莓派相机模块的平场和色彩校正
Pub Date : 2019-11-29 DOI: 10.5334/joh.20
R. Bowman, Boyko Vodenicharski, J. Collins, Julian Stirling
The Raspberry Pi camera module is widely used in open source hardware projects as a low cost camera sensor. However, when the stock lens is removed and replaced with other custom optics the sensor will return a non-uniform background and colour response which hampers the use of this excellent and popular image sensor. This effect is found to be due to the sensor's optical design as well as due to built-in corrections in the GPU firmware, which is optimised for a short focal length lens. In this work we characterise and correct the vignetting and colour crosstalk found in the Raspberry Pi camera module v2, presenting two measures that greatly improve the quality of images using custom optics. First, we use a custom "lens shading table" to correct for vignetting of the image, which can be done in real time in the camera's existing processing pipeline (i.e. the camera's low-latency preview is corrected). The second correction is a colour unmixing matrix, which enables us to reverse the loss in saturation at the edge of the image, though this requires post-processing of the image. With both of these corrections in place, it is possible to obtain uniformly colour-corrected images, at the expense of slightly increased noise at the edges of the image.
树莓派相机模块作为低成本的相机传感器广泛应用于开源硬件项目中。然而,当库存镜头被移除并替换为其他定制光学传感器时,传感器将返回一个不均匀的背景和颜色响应,这阻碍了这种优秀和流行的图像传感器的使用。这种效果被发现是由于传感器的光学设计以及由于GPU固件中的内置校正,这是针对短焦距镜头进行优化的。在这项工作中,我们对树莓派相机模块v2中的渐晕和彩色串扰进行了表征和校正,提出了两项使用自定义光学元件大大提高图像质量的措施。首先,我们使用自定义的“镜头阴影表”来校正图像的渐晕,这可以在相机现有的处理管道中实时完成(即相机的低延迟预览被校正)。第二种校正是颜色解混矩阵,它使我们能够逆转图像边缘的饱和度损失,尽管这需要对图像进行后处理。有了这两种校正,就有可能获得均匀的色彩校正图像,代价是图像边缘的噪声略有增加。
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引用次数: 16
The APOLLO ATCA Platform 阿波罗ATCA平台
Pub Date : 2019-11-15 DOI: 10.22323/1.370.0120
A. Albert, J. Butler, Z. Demiragli, K. Finelli, D. Gastler, E. Hazen, J. Rohlf, S. Yuan, T. C. Paiva, V. Outschoorn, S. Willocq, C. Strohman, P. Wittich, R. Glein, K. Ulmer
We have developed a novel and generic open-source platform - Apollo - which simplifies the design of custom Advanced Telecommunications Computing Architecture (ATCA) blades by factoring the design into generic infrastructure and application-specific parts. The Apollo "Service Module" provides the required ATCA Intelligent Platform Management Controller, power entry and conditioning, a powerful system-on-module (SoM) computer, and flexible clock and communications infrastructure. The Apollo "Command Module" is customized for each application and typically includes two large field-programmable gate arrays, several hundred optical fiber interfaces operating at speeds up to 28 Gbps, memories, and other supporting infrastructure. The command and service module boards can be operated together or independently on the bench without need for an ATCA shelf.
我们开发了一种新颖的通用开源平台——Apollo,它通过将设计分解为通用基础设施和特定应用程序部分,简化了定制高级电信计算架构(ATCA)刀片的设计。阿波罗“服务舱”提供所需的ATCA智能平台管理控制器、电源输入和调节、强大的系统模块(SoM)计算机以及灵活的时钟和通信基础设施。阿波罗“指令模块”是为每种应用定制的,通常包括两个大型现场可编程门阵列,数百个光纤接口,运行速度高达28 Gbps,存储器和其他支持基础设施。命令模块和业务模块板可以在工作台上一起或单独操作,而不需要ATCA机箱。
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引用次数: 10
Quantum-enhanced interferometry for axion searches 用于轴子搜索的量子增强干涉测量
Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.101.095034
D. Martynov, H. Miao
We propose an experiment to search for axions and axion-like-particles in the galactic halo using quantum-enhanced interferometry. This proposal is related to the previously reported ideas (Phys. Rev. D 98, 035021, Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 161301, Phys. Rev. D 100, 023548) but searches for axions in the mass range from $10^{-16}$ eV up to $10^{-8}$ eV using two coupled optical cavities. We also show how to apply squeezed states of light to enhance the sensitivity of the experiment similar to the gravitational-wave detectors. The proposed experiment has a potential to be further scaled up to a multi-km long detector. We show that such an instrument has a potential to set constrains of the axion-photon coupling coefficient of $sim 10^{-18}$ GeV$^{-1}$ for axion masses of $10^{-16}$ eV or detect the signal.
我们提出了一个用量子增强干涉术在星系晕中寻找轴子和类轴子粒子的实验。这一建议与先前报道的想法有关(物理学。Rev. D 98,035021,物理;Rev. Lett. 121,161301, Phys但在$10^{-16}$ eV到$10^{-8}$ eV的质量范围内,使用两个耦合光学腔来搜索轴子。我们还展示了如何应用光的压缩态来提高实验的灵敏度,类似于引力波探测器。提出的实验有可能进一步扩大到一个多公里长的探测器。我们证明了这样的仪器有可能对轴子质量为$10^{-16}$ eV的轴子-光子耦合系数$10^{-18}$ GeV$^{-1}$设置约束或检测信号。
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引用次数: 14
Characterization of a supersonic gas jet via laser-induced photoelectron ionization 激光诱导光电子电离的超音速气体射流表征
Pub Date : 2019-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2020.07.019
A. Golombek, L. Danzig, A. Wucher
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引用次数: 3
Traceably calibrated scanning Hall probe microscopy at room temperature 可跟踪校准扫描霍尔探针显微镜在室温下
Pub Date : 2019-10-28 DOI: 10.5194/jsss-9-391-2020
M. Gerken, A. Solignac, Davood Momeni Pakdehi, A. Manzin, T. Weimann, K. Pierz, S. Sievers, Hans Werner Schumacher Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, H Germany, Spec, Cea, Cnrs, U. Paris-Saclay, C. Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France., Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Torino, Italy.
Fabrication, characterization and comparison of gold and graphene micro- and nano-size Hall sensors for room temperature scanning magnetic field microscopy applications is presented. The Hall sensors with active areas from 5 $mu$m down to 50 nm were fabricated by electron-beam lithography. The calibration of the Hall sensors in an external magnetic field revealed a sensitivity of 3.2 mV/(AT) $pm$ 0.3 % for gold and 1615 V/(AT) $pm$ 0.5 % for graphene at room temperature. The gold sensors were fabricated on silicon nitride cantilever chips suitable for integration into commercial scanning probe microscopes, allowing scanning Hall microscopy (SHM) under ambient conditions and controlled sensor-sample distance. The height dependent stray field distribution of a magnetic scale was characterized using a 5 $mu$m gold Hall sensor. The uncertainty of the entire Hall sensor based scanning and data acquisition process was analyzed allowing traceably calibrated SHM measurements. The measurement results show good agreement with numerical simulations within the uncertainty budget.
介绍了用于室温扫描磁场显微镜的金和石墨烯微纳米霍尔传感器的制备、表征和比较。利用电子束光刻技术制备了有效面积从5 μ m到50 nm的霍尔传感器。对外部磁场中的霍尔传感器的校准表明,在室温下,金的灵敏度为3.2 mV/(AT) $pm$ 0.3%,石墨烯的灵敏度为1615 V/(AT) $pm$ 0.5%。金传感器是在适合集成到商用扫描探针显微镜的氮化硅悬臂芯片上制造的,允许在环境条件下和控制传感器-样品距离下进行扫描霍尔显微镜(SHM)。利用5 $mu$m金霍尔传感器对磁标尺高度随杂散场分布进行了表征。分析了整个霍尔传感器基于扫描和数据采集过程的不确定度,允许可跟踪校准SHM测量。在不确定度范围内,测量结果与数值模拟结果吻合较好。
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引用次数: 3
Progress Towards Ramsey Hyperfine Spectroscopy in ASACUSA ASACUSA Ramsey超精细光谱研究进展
Pub Date : 2019-10-15 DOI: 10.1142/9789811213984_0051
A. Nanda
This proceedings contribution reports on progress on the design of a Ramsey-type spectrometer that will be used for the spectroscopy of the ground-state hyperfine structure of both hydrogen and deuterium.
本文报道了用于氢和氘基态超精细结构光谱分析的ramsey型光谱仪的设计进展。
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引用次数: 1
Impact of charge trapping on the energy resolution of Ge detectors for rare-event physics searches 电荷俘获对稀有事件物理搜索中Ge探测器能量分辨率的影响
Pub Date : 2019-09-12 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6471/AB9796
D. Mei, Mukund Bharadwaj, W.-Z. Wei, R. Panth, Jing Liu, H. Mei, Yangyang Li, P. Acharya, S. Bhattarai, K. Kooi, M. Raut, Xiansong Sun, Alex Kirkvold, Kunming Dong, Xianghua Meng, Guojian Wang, Gang Yang
Charge trapping degrades the energy resolution of germanium (Ge) detectors, which require to have increased experimental sensitivity in searching for dark matter and neutrinoless double-beta decay. We investigate the charge trapping processes utilizing nine planar detectors fabricated from USD-grown crystals with well-known net impurity levels. The charge collection efficiency as a function of charge trapping length is derived from the Shockley-Ramo theorem. Furthermore, we develop a model that correlates the energy resolution with the charge collection efficiency. This model is then applied to the experimental data. As a result, charge collection efficiency and charge trapping length are determined accordingly. Utilizing the Lax model (further developed by CDMS collaborators), the absolute impurity levels are determined for nine detectors. The knowledge of these parameters when combined with other traits such as the Fano factor serve as a reliable indicator of the intrinsic nature of charge trapping within the crystals. We demonstrate that electron trapping is more severe than hole trapping in a p-type detector and the charge collection efficiency depends on the absolute impurity level of the Ge crystal when an adequate bias voltage is applied to the detector. Negligible charge trapping is found when the absolute impurity level is less than 1.0$times$10$^{11}/$cm$^{3}$ for collecting electrons and 2.0$times$10$^{11}/$cm$^{3}$ for collecting holes.
电荷捕获降低了锗(Ge)探测器的能量分辨率,这要求在寻找暗物质和中微子双β衰变时提高实验灵敏度。我们利用9个平面探测器来研究电荷捕获过程,这些探测器是由众所周知的净杂质水平的钕生长晶体制成的。利用Shockley-Ramo定理推导出电荷捕获长度与电荷收集效率的关系。此外,我们开发了一个模型,将能量分辨率与电荷收集效率相关联。然后将该模型应用于实验数据。从而确定了电荷收集效率和电荷捕获长度。利用Lax模型(由CDMS合作者进一步开发),确定了9个探测器的绝对杂质水平。这些参数的知识与其他特性(如Fano因子)相结合,可以作为晶体内电荷捕获的内在性质的可靠指标。我们证明了在p型探测器中电子捕获比空穴捕获更严重,并且当施加适当的偏置电压时,电荷收集效率取决于锗晶体的绝对杂质水平。当收集电子的绝对杂质能级小于1.0$乘以$10$^{11}/$cm$^{3}$,收集空穴的绝对杂质能级小于2.0$乘以$10$^{11}/$cm$^{3}$时,电荷捕获可以忽略不计。
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引用次数: 14
A flexible, open-source radio-frequency driver for acousto-optic and electro-optic devices 一个灵活的,开源的射频驱动声光和电光设备
Pub Date : 2019-08-06 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3361540
D. Barker, N. Pisenti, A. Restelli, J. Scherschligt, J. Fedchak, G. Campbell, S. Eckel
We present a design for a radio-frequency driver that leverages telecom amplifiers to achieve high power output and wide bandwidth. The design consists of two compact printed circuit boards (total area $ 1$ W of output power over a $10$ MHz to $1.1$ GHz frequency range, and $geq 5$ W from $20$ MHz to $100$ MHz. The driver circuit includes auxiliary components for analog frequency and amplitude modulation ($approx 70$ kHz bandwidth), as well as digital power switching ($> 30$ dB of extinction within $40$ ns and final extinction $> 90$ dB). The radio-frequency source can also be digitally switched between an external input and an integrated voltage-controlled oscillator. Our design is motivated by the need for flexible, inexpensive drivers of optically active devices, such as acousto-optic and electro-optic modulators.
我们提出了一种利用电信放大器实现高功率输出和宽带宽的射频驱动器设计。该设计由两块紧凑的印刷电路板组成($10$ MHz至$1.1$ GHz频率范围内输出功率的总面积$ 1$ W和$20$ MHz至$100$ MHz频率范围内输出功率的$geq 5$ W)。驱动电路包括用于模拟频率和幅度调制($approx 70$ kHz带宽)的辅助元件,以及数字功率开关($40$ ns内消光$> 30$ dB和最终消光$> 90$ dB)。射频源也可以在外部输入和集成电压控制振荡器之间进行数字切换。我们设计的动机是需要灵活,廉价的光有源器件驱动器,如声光和电光调制器。
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引用次数: 2
Millimeter-wave detector for gyrotron power monitoring 用于回旋管功率监测的毫米波探测器
Pub Date : 2019-05-11 DOI: 10.1063/5.0015430
Weiye Xu, Handong Xu, Fukun Liu, Xiaojie Wang
The real-time power monitoring of gyrotron is one of the key issues in the operation of electron cyclotron resonance heating system. The detector can be used for real-time power monitoring. We analyzed the principle of diode detection and designed a D-band wideband detector based on Schottky diode in this paper. The detector includes a waveguide-to-microstrip transition, a matching circuit, a diode, and a low pass filter. A novel waveguide-to-microstrip transition was developed based on probe coupling. A wideband lossy matching circuit was developed based on tapered-line and series matching resistor. The simulation results show that when the input power is -30dBm at 140 GHz, the detection sensitivity is about 1600V/W.
回旋管功率的实时监测是电子回旋共振加热系统运行中的关键问题之一。该检测器可用于电力实时监测。本文分析了二极管检测的原理,设计了一种基于肖特基二极管的d波段宽带检测器。该检测器包括波导到微带转换、匹配电路、二极管和低通滤波器。提出了一种基于探针耦合的新型波导-微带跃迁方法。提出了一种基于锥形线串联匹配电阻的宽带有损匹配电路。仿真结果表明,当输入功率为-30dBm,工作频率为140 GHz时,检测灵敏度约为1600V/W。
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引用次数: 3
Detector Technologies for CLIC CLIC探测器技术
Pub Date : 2019-05-07 DOI: 10.23731/CYRM-2019-001
A. Hoffman, G. Pares, T. Fritzsch, M. Rothermund, H. Jansen, K. Krüger, F. Sefkow, A. Velyka, J. Schwandt, I. Perić, L. Emberger, C. Graf, A. Macchiolo, F. Simon, M. Szalay, N. Kolk, H. Abramowicz, Y. Benhammou, O. Borysov, M. Borysova, A. Joffe, S. Kananov, A. Levy, I. Levy, G. Eigen, R. Bugiel, S. Bugiel, M. Firlej, T. Fiutowski, M. Idzik, J. Moroń, K. Swientek, P. Terlecki, P. Renstrom, B. Turbiarz, T. Wojto'n, L. Zawiejski, E. Firu, V. Ghenescu, A. Neagu, T. Preda, I. Boyko, Y. Nefedov, A. Rymbekova, A. Sapronov, G. Shelkov, A. Zhemchugov, A. Ruiz-Jimeno, I. Vila, E. Fullana, J. Fuster, P. López, M. Perell'o, M. Villarejo, M. Vos, J. Alozy, N. Tehrani, D. Arominski, R. Sune, F. Boyer, E. Brondolin, M. Buckland, M. Campbell, D. Dannheim, K. Dette, F. D. Ramos, N. E. Plaja, K. Elsener, A. Fiergolski, C. F. Rojas, C. Grefe, D. Hynds, W. Klempt, I. Kremastiotis, J. Kröger, S. Kulis, E. Leogrande, L. Linssen, X. L. Cudie, A. Lucaci-Timoce, M. Munker, L. Musa, A. Nürnberg, F. Nuiry, E. Codina, H. Pernegger,
The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a high-energy high-luminosity linear electron-positron collider under development. It is foreseen to be built and operated in three stages, at centre-of-mass energies of 380 GeV, 1.5 TeV and 3 TeV, respectively. It offers a rich physics program including direct searches as well as the probing of new physics through a broad set of precision measurements of Standard Model processes, particularly in the Higgs-boson and top-quark sectors. The precision required for such measurements and the specific conditions imposed by the beam dimensions and time structure put strict requirements on the detector design and technology. This includes low-mass vertexing and tracking systems with small cells, highly granular imaging calorimeters, as well as a precise hit-time resolution and power-pulsed operation for all subsystems. A conceptual design for the CLIC detector system was published in 2012. Since then, ambitious R&D programmes for silicon vertex and tracking detectors, as well as for calorimeters have been pursued within the CLICdp, CALICE and FCAL collaborations, addressing the challenging detector requirements with innovative technologies. This report introduces the experimental environment and detector requirements at CLIC and reviews the current status and future plans for detector technology R&D.
紧凑型线性对撞机(CLIC)是一种正在研制的高能、高亮度线性正电子对撞机。预计将分三个阶段建造和运行,质心能量分别为380 GeV、1.5 TeV和3 TeV。它提供了丰富的物理程序,包括直接搜索以及通过标准模型过程的广泛精确测量来探测新物理,特别是在希格斯玻色子和顶夸克部门。这种测量所需要的精度以及光束尺寸和时间结构所施加的特定条件对探测器的设计和技术提出了严格的要求。这包括具有小单元的低质量顶点和跟踪系统,高颗粒成像量热计,以及所有子系统的精确命中时间分辨率和功率脉冲操作。CLIC探测器系统的概念设计于2012年发布。从那时起,在CLICdp, CALICE和FCAL合作中,一直在追求硅顶点和跟踪探测器以及量热计的雄心勃勃的研发计划,以创新技术解决具有挑战性的探测器要求。本报告介绍了CLIC的实验环境和探测器要求,并回顾了探测器技术研发的现状和未来计划。
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引用次数: 29
期刊
arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors
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