Here we describe the implementation and calibration of a streaked visible spectrometer (SVS) for optical pyrometry and emission/absorption spectroscopy on light gas gun platforms in the UC Davis Shock Compression Laboratory. The diagnostic consists of an optical streak camera coupled to a spectrometer to provide temporally and spectrally-resolved records of visible emission from dynamically-compressed materials. Fiber optic coupling to the sample enables a small diagnostic footprint on the target face and flexibility of operation on multiple launch systems without the need for open optics. We present the details of calibration (time, wavelength and spectral radiance) for absolute temperature determination and present benchmark measurements of system performance.
{"title":"Construction and calibration of a streaked optical spectrometer for shock temperature","authors":"E. Davies, D. Spaulding, S. Stewart","doi":"10.1063/12.0000834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/12.0000834","url":null,"abstract":"Here we describe the implementation and calibration of a streaked visible spectrometer (SVS) for optical pyrometry and emission/absorption spectroscopy on light gas gun platforms in the UC Davis Shock Compression Laboratory. The diagnostic consists of an optical streak camera coupled to a spectrometer to provide temporally and spectrally-resolved records of visible emission from dynamically-compressed materials. Fiber optic coupling to the sample enables a small diagnostic footprint on the target face and flexibility of operation on multiple launch systems without the need for open optics. We present the details of calibration (time, wavelength and spectral radiance) for absolute temperature determination and present benchmark measurements of system performance.","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86355608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Kutsuma, Y. Sueno, M. Hattori, S. Mima, S. Oguri, C. Otani, J. Suzuki, O. Tajima
A microwave kinetic inductance detector (MKID) is a cutting-edge superconducting detector, and its principle is based on a superconducting resonator circuit. The superconducting transition temperature (Tc) of the MKID is an important parameter because various MKID characterization parameters depend on it. In this paper, we propose a method to measure the Tc of the MKID by changing the applied power of the readout microwaves. A small fraction of the readout power is deposited in the MKID, and the number of quasiparticles in the MKID increases with this power. Furthermore, the quasiparticle lifetime decreases with the number of quasiparticles. Therefore, we can measure the relation between the quasiparticle lifetime and the detector response by rapidly varying the readout power. From this relation, we estimate the intrinsic quasiparticle lifetime. This lifetime is theoretically modeled by Tc, the physical temperature of the MKID device, and other known parameters. We obtain Tc by comparing the measured lifetime with that acquired using the theoretical model. Using an MKID fabricated with aluminum, we demonstrate this method at a 0.3 K operation. The results are consistent with those obtained by Tc measured by monitoring the transmittance of the readout microwaves with the variation in the device temperature. The method proposed in this paper is applicable to other types, such as a hybrid-type MKID.
{"title":"A method to measure superconducting transition temperature of microwave kinetic inductance detector by changing power of readout microwaves","authors":"H. Kutsuma, Y. Sueno, M. Hattori, S. Mima, S. Oguri, C. Otani, J. Suzuki, O. Tajima","doi":"10.1063/5.0013946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0013946","url":null,"abstract":"A microwave kinetic inductance detector (MKID) is a cutting-edge superconducting detector, and its principle is based on a superconducting resonator circuit. The superconducting transition temperature (Tc) of the MKID is an important parameter because various MKID characterization parameters depend on it. In this paper, we propose a method to measure the Tc of the MKID by changing the applied power of the readout microwaves. A small fraction of the readout power is deposited in the MKID, and the number of quasiparticles in the MKID increases with this power. Furthermore, the quasiparticle lifetime decreases with the number of quasiparticles. Therefore, we can measure the relation between the quasiparticle lifetime and the detector response by rapidly varying the readout power. From this relation, we estimate the intrinsic quasiparticle lifetime. This lifetime is theoretically modeled by Tc, the physical temperature of the MKID device, and other known parameters. We obtain Tc by comparing the measured lifetime with that acquired using the theoretical model. Using an MKID fabricated with aluminum, we demonstrate this method at a 0.3 K operation. The results are consistent with those obtained by Tc measured by monitoring the transmittance of the readout microwaves with the variation in the device temperature. The method proposed in this paper is applicable to other types, such as a hybrid-type MKID.","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85311435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-30DOI: 10.1103/physrevapplied.14.054013
G. Heinzel, M. D. Álvarez, Alvise Pizzella, N. Brause, J. Delgado
We propose a new method to track signals from quadrant photodiodes (QPD) in heterodyne interferometers that employ digital phase-locked loops for phase readout. Instead of separately tracking the four segments from the QPD and then combing the results into length and Differential Wavefront Sensing (DWS) signals, this method employs a set of coupled tracking loops that operate directly on the combined length and DWS signals. Benefits are increased Signal-to-Noise Ratio in the loops and the possibility to adapt the loop bandwidths to the different dynamical behaviour of length and DWS signals.
{"title":"Tracking Length and Differential-Wavefront-Sensing Signals from Quadrant Photodiodes in Heterodyne Interferometers with Digital Phase-Locked-Loop Readout","authors":"G. Heinzel, M. D. Álvarez, Alvise Pizzella, N. Brause, J. Delgado","doi":"10.1103/physrevapplied.14.054013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.14.054013","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a new method to track signals from quadrant photodiodes (QPD) in heterodyne interferometers that employ digital phase-locked loops for phase readout. Instead of separately tracking the four segments from the QPD and then combing the results into length and Differential Wavefront Sensing (DWS) signals, this method employs a set of coupled tracking loops that operate directly on the combined length and DWS signals. Benefits are increased Signal-to-Noise Ratio in the loops and the possibility to adapt the loop bandwidths to the different dynamical behaviour of length and DWS signals.","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80658350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Bischoff, N. Klingner, P. Mazarov, W. Pilz, F. Meyer
Focused Ion Beam (FIB) processing has been established as a well-suited and promising technique in R&D in nearly all fields of nanotechnology for patterning and prototyping on the micro and nanometer scale and below. Among other concepts, liquid metal alloy ion sources (LMAIS) are one of the alternatives to conventional gallium beams to extend the FIB application field. To meet the rising demand for light ions, different boron containing alloys were investigated in this work. A promising solution was found in a Co31Nd64B5 based LMAIS which will be introduced in more detail. Besides cobalt as a ferromagnetic element and the rare earth element neodymium, boron in particular is of interest for special FIB applications like local p-type doping, for which resolution of about 30 nm has been achieved so far.
{"title":"Boron liquid metal alloy ion sources for special focused ion beam applications","authors":"L. Bischoff, N. Klingner, P. Mazarov, W. Pilz, F. Meyer","doi":"10.1116/6.0000073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1116/6.0000073","url":null,"abstract":"Focused Ion Beam (FIB) processing has been established as a well-suited and promising technique in R&D in nearly all fields of nanotechnology for patterning and prototyping on the micro and nanometer scale and below. Among other concepts, liquid metal alloy ion sources (LMAIS) are one of the alternatives to conventional gallium beams to extend the FIB application field. To meet the rising demand for light ions, different boron containing alloys were investigated in this work. A promising solution was found in a Co31Nd64B5 based LMAIS which will be introduced in more detail. Besides cobalt as a ferromagnetic element and the rare earth element neodymium, boron in particular is of interest for special FIB applications like local p-type doping, for which resolution of about 30 nm has been achieved so far.","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"239 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76944103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ALICE, one of the experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (CERN), is undergoing ambitious upgrades during the ongoing second long shutdown (LS2). The main goal of this project is to access rare events and previously inaccessible physics observables. The increased Pb-Pb and pp collision rates need a correspondingly higher TPC operation rate in the next Run 3 of the LHC. The operational gated MWPC readout used so far cannot be used at such fast rates. Therefore a new readout chamber is needed with a novel technology and without any compromise on the momentum and energy resolution. As a solution the Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) technology is applied. This new readout chamber consists of inner-(IROC) and outer (OROC) readout chambers with a 4 stage GEM cascade in order to reduce back-drifting ion space charges. These quadruple stacks have proven to provide sufficient ion blocking capabilities. This structure also preserves the intrinsic energy resolution and keeps the space-charge distortions at a tolerable level. The GEMs cannot be repaired during operation, therefore to minimize the unsuitable foils, the Quality Assurance system is developed. These cleanroom measurements investigate the hole size uniformity, the gain uniformity and the electrical stability. Due to the continuous readout, higher readout rate is possible. The new ASIC-SAMPA has been developed for this purpose. After the ROC assembly some of chambers were tested in the ALICE cavern, and a test campaign started for the further testing of the ROC bodies at GIF at CERN.
{"title":"Upgrade of the ALICE Time Projection Chamber for the LHC Run3","authors":"Á. Gera","doi":"10.22323/1.364.0102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22323/1.364.0102","url":null,"abstract":"ALICE, one of the experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (CERN), is undergoing ambitious upgrades during the ongoing second long shutdown (LS2). The main goal of this project is to access rare events and previously inaccessible physics observables. The increased Pb-Pb and pp collision rates need a correspondingly higher TPC operation rate in the next Run 3 of the LHC. The operational gated MWPC readout used so far cannot be used at such fast rates. Therefore a new readout chamber is needed with a novel technology and without any compromise on the momentum and energy resolution. As a solution the Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) technology is applied. This new readout chamber consists of inner-(IROC) and outer (OROC) readout chambers with a 4 stage GEM cascade in order to reduce back-drifting ion space charges. These quadruple stacks have proven to provide sufficient ion blocking capabilities. This structure also preserves the intrinsic energy resolution and keeps the space-charge distortions at a tolerable level. The GEMs cannot be repaired during operation, therefore to minimize the unsuitable foils, the Quality Assurance system is developed. These cleanroom measurements investigate the hole size uniformity, the gain uniformity and the electrical stability. Due to the continuous readout, higher readout rate is possible. The new ASIC-SAMPA has been developed for this purpose. After the ROC assembly some of chambers were tested in the ALICE cavern, and a test campaign started for the further testing of the ROC bodies at GIF at CERN.","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86857453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Fink, S. Watkins, T. Aramaki, P. Brink, S. Ganjam, B. Hines, M. Huber, N. Kurinsky, N. Kurinsky, R. Mahapatra, N. Mirabolfathi, W. Page, R. Partridge, M. Platt, M. Pyle, B. Sadoulet, B. Serfass, S. Zuber
In this letter, we present the performance of a $100~mumathrm{m}times 400~mumathrm{m} times 40~mathrm{nm}$ tungsten (W) Transition-Edge Sensor (TES) with a critical temperature of 40 mK. This device has a measured noise equivalent power (NEP) of $1.5times 10^{-18} mathrm{W}/sqrt{mathrm{Hz}}$, in a bandwidth of $2.6$ kHz, indicating a resolution for Dirac delta energy depositions of $40pm 5~mathrm{meV}$ (rms). The performance demonstrated by this device is a critical step towards developing a $mathcal{O}(100)~mathrm{meV}$ threshold athermal phonon detectors for low-mass dark matter searches.
在本文中，我们介绍了临界温度为40 mK的$100~mumathrm{m}times 400~mumathrm{m} times 40~mathrm{nm}$钨(W)过渡边缘传感器(TES)的性能。该器件的测量噪声等效功率(NEP)为$1.5times 10^{-18} mathrm{W}/sqrt{mathrm{Hz}}$，带宽为$2.6$ kHz，表明狄拉克δ能量沉积的分辨率为$40pm 5~mathrm{meV}$ (rms)。该装置所展示的性能是开发用于低质量暗物质搜索的$mathcal{O}(100)~mathrm{meV}$阈值非热声子探测器的关键一步。
{"title":"Characterizing TES power noise for future single optical-phonon and infrared-photon detectors","authors":"C. Fink, S. Watkins, T. Aramaki, P. Brink, S. Ganjam, B. Hines, M. Huber, N. Kurinsky, N. Kurinsky, R. Mahapatra, N. Mirabolfathi, W. Page, R. Partridge, M. Platt, M. Pyle, B. Sadoulet, B. Serfass, S. Zuber","doi":"10.1063/5.0011130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0011130","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, we present the performance of a $100~mumathrm{m}times 400~mumathrm{m} times 40~mathrm{nm}$ tungsten (W) Transition-Edge Sensor (TES) with a critical temperature of 40 mK. This device has a measured noise equivalent power (NEP) of $1.5times 10^{-18} mathrm{W}/sqrt{mathrm{Hz}}$, in a bandwidth of $2.6$ kHz, indicating a resolution for Dirac delta energy depositions of $40pm 5~mathrm{meV}$ (rms). The performance demonstrated by this device is a critical step towards developing a $mathcal{O}(100)~mathrm{meV}$ threshold athermal phonon detectors for low-mass dark matter searches.","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74257887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-14DOI: 10.5506/APHYSPOLB.51.1577
M. Trzebiński
Proton trajectories along LHC beam 1 (clockwise direction) in the vicinity of the LHCb Interaction Point (IP8) for the most recent LHC Run 4 optics (HLLHC1.5) were presented. On this basis, three possible locations of forward proton detectors were identified: 150, 180 and 430 m from IP8. For these locations geometric acceptances were estimated. For the proton relative energy loss, $xi$, these limits are $0.05 < xi lesssim 0.1$, $0.025 < xi lesssim 0.1$ and $0.003 < xi < 0.013$, respectively. The influence of boost of the central system due to the acceptance of LHCb detector on $xi$ was discussed. Finally, the impact of pile-up was presented.
在最新的LHC Run 4光学系统(HLLHC1.5)中，给出了LHC1光束沿LHCb相互作用点(IP8)附近的质子(顺时针方向)轨迹。在此基础上，确定了三个可能的正向质子探测器位置:距IP8 150、180和430 m。对这些位置的几何接受度进行了估计。对于质子的相对能量损失$xi$，这些极限分别是$0.05 < xi lesssim 0.1$, $0.025 < xi lesssim 0.1$和$0.003 < xi < 0.013$。讨论了接纳LHCb探测器引起的中央系统升压对$xi$的影响。最后，分析了堆积的影响。
{"title":"On the Possibility of Having Roman Pots Around IP8 in Run 4 and Beyond","authors":"M. Trzebiński","doi":"10.5506/APHYSPOLB.51.1577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5506/APHYSPOLB.51.1577","url":null,"abstract":"Proton trajectories along LHC beam 1 (clockwise direction) in the vicinity of the LHCb Interaction Point (IP8) for the most recent LHC Run 4 optics (HLLHC1.5) were presented. On this basis, three possible locations of forward proton detectors were identified: 150, 180 and 430 m from IP8. For these locations geometric acceptances were estimated. For the proton relative energy loss, $xi$, these limits are $0.05 < xi lesssim 0.1$, $0.025 < xi lesssim 0.1$ and $0.003 < xi < 0.013$, respectively. The influence of boost of the central system due to the acceptance of LHCb detector on $xi$ was discussed. Finally, the impact of pile-up was presented.","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89590464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.5506/APHYSPOLB.51.1473
Riccardo Manfredi
The Belle II experiment will be at the forefront of indirect searches for non-Standard-Model physics using billions of heavy quarks and $tau$ leptons produced in high-intensity 10 GeV electron-positron collisions from the SuperKEKB collider. The intense beams needed to achieve the required precisions are associated with high beam-background radiation that may damage the inner detectors. A dedicated radiation-monitoring and beam-abort system, based on artificial diamond sensors, ensures protection and safe data taking conditions. I briefly outline the system and illustrate the operational experience and performance during 2019 physics operations.
Belle II实验将成为间接搜索非标准模型物理的前沿，利用SuperKEKB对撞机在高强度10 GeV正电子碰撞中产生的数十亿重夸克和$ τ $轻子。达到所需精度所需的强光束与可能损坏内部探测器的高光束背景辐射有关。基于人造金刚石传感器的专用辐射监测和波束中止系统确保了保护和安全的数据采集条件。我简要概述了该系统，并说明了2019年物理操作中的操作经验和性能。
{"title":"Diamond Detectors for Radiation Monitoring and Beam Abort at Belle II","authors":"Riccardo Manfredi","doi":"10.5506/APHYSPOLB.51.1473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5506/APHYSPOLB.51.1473","url":null,"abstract":"The Belle II experiment will be at the forefront of indirect searches for non-Standard-Model physics using billions of heavy quarks and $tau$ leptons produced in high-intensity 10 GeV electron-positron collisions from the SuperKEKB collider. The intense beams needed to achieve the required precisions are associated with high beam-background radiation that may damage the inner detectors. A dedicated radiation-monitoring and beam-abort system, based on artificial diamond sensors, ensures protection and safe data taking conditions. I briefly outline the system and illustrate the operational experience and performance during 2019 physics operations.","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76180830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Antonacci, J. Goyvaerts, Haolan Zhao, B. Baumgartner, B. Lendl, R. Baets
Portable and cost-effective gas sensors are gaining demand for a number of environmental, biomedical and industrial applications, yet current devices are confined into specialized labs and cannot be extended to general use. Here, we demonstrate a part-per-billion-sensitive refractive index gas sensor on a photonic chip based on silicon nitride waveguides functionalized with a mesoporous silica top-cladding layer. Low-concentration chemical vapors are detected by monitoring the output spectral pattern of an integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer having one coated arm exposed to the gas vapors. We retrieved a limit of detection of 65 ppb, 247 ppb and 1.6 ppb for acetone, isopropyl alcohol and ethanol, respectively. Our on-chip refractive index sensor provides, to the best of our knowledge, an unprecedented sensitivity for low gas concentrations based on photonic integrated circuits. As such, our results herald the implementation of compact, portable and inexpensive devices for on-site and real-time environmental monitoring and medical diagnostics.
{"title":"Ultra-sensitive refractive index gas sensor with functionalized silicon nitride photonic circuits","authors":"G. Antonacci, J. Goyvaerts, Haolan Zhao, B. Baumgartner, B. Lendl, R. Baets","doi":"10.1063/5.0013577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0013577","url":null,"abstract":"Portable and cost-effective gas sensors are gaining demand for a number of environmental, biomedical and industrial applications, yet current devices are confined into specialized labs and cannot be extended to general use. Here, we demonstrate a part-per-billion-sensitive refractive index gas sensor on a photonic chip based on silicon nitride waveguides functionalized with a mesoporous silica top-cladding layer. Low-concentration chemical vapors are detected by monitoring the output spectral pattern of an integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer having one coated arm exposed to the gas vapors. We retrieved a limit of detection of 65 ppb, 247 ppb and 1.6 ppb for acetone, isopropyl alcohol and ethanol, respectively. Our on-chip refractive index sensor provides, to the best of our knowledge, an unprecedented sensitivity for low gas concentrations based on photonic integrated circuits. As such, our results herald the implementation of compact, portable and inexpensive devices for on-site and real-time environmental monitoring and medical diagnostics.","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85297804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Autebert, Gaetan Gras, E. Amri, M. Perrenoud, M. Caloz, H. Zbinden, F. Bussières
One of the key properties of single-photon detectors is their recovery time, i.e. the time required for the detector to recover its nominal efficiency. In the case of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs), which can feature extremely short recovery times in free-running mode, a precise characterisation of this recovery time and its time dynamics is essential for many quantum optics or quantum communication experiments. We introduce a fast and simple method to characterise precisely the recovery time of SNSPDs. It provides full information about the recovery of the efficiency in time for a single or several consecutive detections. We also show how the method can be used to gain insight into the behaviour of the bias current inside the nanowire after a detection, which allows predicting the behaviour of the detector and its efficiency in any practical experiment using these detectors.
{"title":"Direct measurement of the recovery time of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors","authors":"C. Autebert, Gaetan Gras, E. Amri, M. Perrenoud, M. Caloz, H. Zbinden, F. Bussières","doi":"10.1063/5.0007976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0007976","url":null,"abstract":"One of the key properties of single-photon detectors is their recovery time, i.e. the time required for the detector to recover its nominal efficiency. In the case of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs), which can feature extremely short recovery times in free-running mode, a precise characterisation of this recovery time and its time dynamics is essential for many quantum optics or quantum communication experiments. We introduce a fast and simple method to characterise precisely the recovery time of SNSPDs. It provides full information about the recovery of the efficiency in time for a single or several consecutive detections. We also show how the method can be used to gain insight into the behaviour of the bias current inside the nanowire after a detection, which allows predicting the behaviour of the detector and its efficiency in any practical experiment using these detectors.","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90868588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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