Pub Date : 2021-07-15DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-711663/V1
M. Padniuk, Marek Kopciuch, Riccardo Cipolletti, A. Wickenbrock, D. Budker, S. Pustelny
Searches for pseudo-magnetic spin couplings require implementation of techniques capable of sensitive detection of such interactions. While Spin-Exchange Relaxation Free (SERF) magnetometry is one of the most powerful approaches enabling the searches, it suffers from a strong magnetic coupling, deteriorating the pseudo-magnetic coupling sensitivity. To address this problem, here, we compare, via numerical simulations, the performance of SERF magnetometer and noble-gas-alkali-metal co-magnetometer, operating in a so-called self-compensating regime. We demonstrate that the co-magnetometer allows reduction of the sensitivity to low-frequency magnetic fields without loss of the sensitivity to nonmagnetic couplings. Based on that we investigate the responses of both systems to the oscillating and transient spin perturbations. Our simulations reveal about five orders of magnitude stronger response to the neutron pseudo-magnetic coupling and about three orders of magnitude stronger response to the proton pseudo-magnetic coupling of the co-magnetometer than those the SERF magnetometer. Different frequency responses of the co-magnetometer to magnetic and nonmagnetic perturbations enables differentiation between these two types of interactions. This outlines the ability to implement the co-magnetometer as an advanced sensor for the Global Network of Optical Magnetometer for Exotic Physics searches (GNOME), aiming at detection of ultra-light bosons (e.g., axion-like particles).
{"title":"Self-Compensating Co-Magnetometer vs. Spin-Exchange Relaxation-Free Magnetometer: Sensitivity To Nonmagnetic Spin Couplings","authors":"M. Padniuk, Marek Kopciuch, Riccardo Cipolletti, A. Wickenbrock, D. Budker, S. Pustelny","doi":"10.21203/RS.3.RS-711663/V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/RS.3.RS-711663/V1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Searches for pseudo-magnetic spin couplings require implementation of techniques capable of sensitive detection of such interactions. While Spin-Exchange Relaxation Free (SERF) magnetometry is one of the most powerful approaches enabling the searches, it suffers from a strong magnetic coupling, deteriorating the pseudo-magnetic coupling sensitivity. To address this problem, here, we compare, via numerical simulations, the performance of SERF magnetometer and noble-gas-alkali-metal co-magnetometer, operating in a so-called self-compensating regime. We demonstrate that the co-magnetometer allows reduction of the sensitivity to low-frequency magnetic fields without loss of the sensitivity to nonmagnetic couplings. Based on that we investigate the responses of both systems to the oscillating and transient spin perturbations. Our simulations reveal about five orders of magnitude stronger response to the neutron pseudo-magnetic coupling and about three orders of magnitude stronger response to the proton pseudo-magnetic coupling of the co-magnetometer than those the SERF magnetometer. Different frequency responses of the co-magnetometer to magnetic and nonmagnetic perturbations enables differentiation between these two types of interactions. This outlines the ability to implement the co-magnetometer as an advanced sensor for the Global Network of Optical Magnetometer for Exotic Physics searches (GNOME), aiming at detection of ultra-light bosons (e.g., axion-like particles).","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88949352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Riina Virta, Rasmus Backholm, T. Bubba, T. Helin, M. Moring, S. Siltanen, P. Dendooven, Honkamaa Tapani
Safeguarding the disposal of spent nuclear fuel in a geological repository needs an effective, efficient, reliable and robust non-destructive assay (NDA) system to ensure the integrity of the fuel prior to disposal. In the context of the Finnish geological repository, Passive Gamma Emission Tomography (PGET) will be a part of such an NDA system. We report here on the results of PGET measurements at the Finnish nuclear power plants during the years 2017-2020. Gamma activity profiles are recorded from all angles by rotating the detector arrays around the fuel assembly that has been inserted into the center of the torus. Image reconstruction from the resulting tomographic data is defined as a constrained minimization problem with a data fidelity term and regularization terms. The activity and attenuation maps, as well as detector sensitivity corrections, are the variables in the minimization process. The regularization terms ensure that prior information on the (possible) locations of fuel rods and their diameter are taken into account. Fuel rod classification, the main purpose of the PGET method, is based on the difference of the activity of a fuel rod from its immediate neighbors, taking into account its distance from the assembly center. The classification is carried out by a support vector machine. We report on the results for ten different fuel types with burnups between 5.72 and 55.0 GWd/tU, cooling times between 1.87 and 34.6 years and initial enrichments between 1.9 and 4.4%. For all fuel assemblies measured, missing fuel rods, partial fuel rods and water channels were correctly classified. Burnable absorber fuel rods were classified as fuel rods. On rare occasions, a fuel rod that is present was falsely classified as missing. We conclude that the combination of the PGET device and our image reconstruction method provides a reliable base for fuel rod classification.
{"title":"Fuel rod classification from Passive Gamma Emission Tomography (PGET) of spent nuclear fuel assemblies","authors":"Riina Virta, Rasmus Backholm, T. Bubba, T. Helin, M. Moring, S. Siltanen, P. Dendooven, Honkamaa Tapani","doi":"10.2760/217080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2760/217080","url":null,"abstract":"Safeguarding the disposal of spent nuclear fuel in a geological repository needs an effective, efficient, reliable and robust non-destructive assay (NDA) system to ensure the integrity of the fuel prior to disposal. In the context of the Finnish geological repository, Passive Gamma Emission Tomography (PGET) will be a part of such an NDA system. We report here on the results of PGET measurements at the Finnish nuclear power plants during the years 2017-2020. Gamma activity profiles are recorded from all angles by rotating the detector arrays around the fuel assembly that has been inserted into the center of the torus. Image reconstruction from the resulting tomographic data is defined as a constrained minimization problem with a data fidelity term and regularization terms. The activity and attenuation maps, as well as detector sensitivity corrections, are the variables in the minimization process. The regularization terms ensure that prior information on the (possible) locations of fuel rods and their diameter are taken into account. Fuel rod classification, the main purpose of the PGET method, is based on the difference of the activity of a fuel rod from its immediate neighbors, taking into account its distance from the assembly center. The classification is carried out by a support vector machine. We report on the results for ten different fuel types with burnups between 5.72 and 55.0 GWd/tU, cooling times between 1.87 and 34.6 years and initial enrichments between 1.9 and 4.4%. For all fuel assemblies measured, missing fuel rods, partial fuel rods and water channels were correctly classified. Burnable absorber fuel rods were classified as fuel rods. On rare occasions, a fuel rod that is present was falsely classified as missing. We conclude that the combination of the PGET device and our image reconstruction method provides a reliable base for fuel rod classification.","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84869492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-10DOI: 10.1140/EPJC/S10052-021-08918-Y
F. Bellini, M. Beretta, L. Cardani, P. Carniti, N. Casali, E. Celi, D. Chiesa, M. Clemenza, I. Dafinei, S. Di Domizio, F. Ferroni, L. Gironi, Yu. V. Gorbenko, C. Gotti, G. Kovtun, M. Laubenstein, S. Nagorny, S. Nisi, L. Pagnanini, L. Pattavina, G. Pessina, S. Pirrò, E. Previtali, C. Rusconi, K. Schäffner, A. P. Shcherban, D. A. Solopikhin, V. D. Virich, C. Tomei, M. Vignati
{"title":"Search for double $$beta $$-decay modes of $$^{64}$$Zn using purified zinc","authors":"F. Bellini, M. Beretta, L. Cardani, P. Carniti, N. Casali, E. Celi, D. Chiesa, M. Clemenza, I. Dafinei, S. Di Domizio, F. Ferroni, L. Gironi, Yu. V. Gorbenko, C. Gotti, G. Kovtun, M. Laubenstein, S. Nagorny, S. Nisi, L. Pagnanini, L. Pattavina, G. Pessina, S. Pirrò, E. Previtali, C. Rusconi, K. Schäffner, A. P. Shcherban, D. A. Solopikhin, V. D. Virich, C. Tomei, M. Vignati","doi":"10.1140/EPJC/S10052-021-08918-Y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1140/EPJC/S10052-021-08918-Y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87471447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-10DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/16/04/T04002
B. Acar, G. Adamov, C. Adloff, S. Afanasiev, N. Akchurin, B. Akgün, M. Alhusseini, J. Alison, G. Altopp, M. Alyari, S. An, S. Anagul, I. Andreev, M. Andrews, P. Aspell, I. A. Atakisi, O. Bach, A. Baden, G. Bakas, A. Bakshi, S. Banerjee, P. Bargassa, D. Barney, E. Becheva, P. Behera, A. Belloni, T. Bergauer, M. Besançon, S. Bhattacharya, S. Bhattacharya, D. Bhowmik, P. Bloch, A. Bodek, G. Bombardi, M. Bonanomi, A. Bonnemaison, S. Bonomally, J. Borg, F. Bouyjou, D. Braga, J. Brashear, E. Brondolin, P. Bryant, J. Bueghly, B. Bilki, B. Burkle, A. Butler-Nalin, S. Callier, D. Calvet, X. Cao, B. Caraway, S. Caregari, L. Ceard, Y. C. Çekmecelioğlu, S. Cerci, G. Cerminara, N. Charitonidis, R. Chatterjee, Y. Chen, Z. Chen, K. Cheng, S. Chernichenko, H. Cheung, C. Chien, S. Choudhury, D. Čoko, G. Collura, F. Couderc, L. Cristella, I. Dumanoglu, D. Dannheim, P. Dauncey, A. David, G. Davies, E. Day, P. DeBarbaro, F. De Guio, C. de La Taille, M. De Silva, P. Debbins, E. Delagnes, J. Deltoro, G. Derylo, P.G. Dias de Al
As part of its HL-LHC upgrade program, the CMS Collaboration is developing a High Granularity Calorimeter (CE) to replace the existing endcap calorimeters. The CE is a sampling calorimeter with unprecedented transverse and longitudinal readout for both electromagnetic (CE-E) and hadronic (CE-H) compartments. The calorimeter will be built with $sim$30,000 hexagonal silicon modules. Prototype modules have been constructed with 6-inch hexagonal silicon sensors with cell areas of 1.1~$cm^2$, and the SKIROC2-CMS readout ASIC. Beam tests of different sampling configurations were conducted with the prototype modules at DESY and CERN in 2017 and 2018. This paper describes the construction and commissioning of the CE calorimeter prototype, the silicon modules used in the construction, their basic performance, and the methods used for their calibration.
{"title":"Construction and commissioning of CMS CE prototype silicon modules","authors":"B. Acar, G. Adamov, C. Adloff, S. Afanasiev, N. Akchurin, B. Akgün, M. Alhusseini, J. Alison, G. Altopp, M. Alyari, S. An, S. Anagul, I. Andreev, M. Andrews, P. Aspell, I. A. Atakisi, O. Bach, A. Baden, G. Bakas, A. Bakshi, S. Banerjee, P. Bargassa, D. Barney, E. Becheva, P. Behera, A. Belloni, T. Bergauer, M. Besançon, S. Bhattacharya, S. Bhattacharya, D. Bhowmik, P. Bloch, A. Bodek, G. Bombardi, M. Bonanomi, A. Bonnemaison, S. Bonomally, J. Borg, F. Bouyjou, D. Braga, J. Brashear, E. Brondolin, P. Bryant, J. Bueghly, B. Bilki, B. Burkle, A. Butler-Nalin, S. Callier, D. Calvet, X. Cao, B. Caraway, S. Caregari, L. Ceard, Y. C. Çekmecelioğlu, S. Cerci, G. Cerminara, N. Charitonidis, R. Chatterjee, Y. Chen, Z. Chen, K. Cheng, S. Chernichenko, H. Cheung, C. Chien, S. Choudhury, D. Čoko, G. Collura, F. Couderc, L. Cristella, I. Dumanoglu, D. Dannheim, P. Dauncey, A. David, G. Davies, E. Day, P. DeBarbaro, F. De Guio, C. de La Taille, M. De Silva, P. Debbins, E. Delagnes, J. Deltoro, G. Derylo, P.G. Dias de Al","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/16/04/T04002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/16/04/T04002","url":null,"abstract":"As part of its HL-LHC upgrade program, the CMS Collaboration is developing a High Granularity Calorimeter (CE) to replace the existing endcap calorimeters. The CE is a sampling calorimeter with unprecedented transverse and longitudinal readout for both electromagnetic (CE-E) and hadronic (CE-H) compartments. The calorimeter will be built with $sim$30,000 hexagonal silicon modules. Prototype modules have been constructed with 6-inch hexagonal silicon sensors with cell areas of 1.1~$cm^2$, and the SKIROC2-CMS readout ASIC. Beam tests of different sampling configurations were conducted with the prototype modules at DESY and CERN in 2017 and 2018. This paper describes the construction and commissioning of the CE calorimeter prototype, the silicon modules used in the construction, their basic performance, and the methods used for their calibration.","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"1234 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88439718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-08DOI: 10.1103/PHYSREVD.103.052004
B. Land, Z. Bagdasarian, J. Caravaca, M. Smiley, M. Yeh, G. O. Orebi Gann
This paper presents studies of the performance of water-based liquid scintillator in both 1-kt and 50-kt detectors. Performance is evaluated in comparison to both pure water Cherenkov detectors and a nominal model for pure scintillator detectors. Performance metrics include energy, vertex, and angular resolution, along with a metric for ability to separate the Cherenkov from the scintillation signal, as being representative of various particle identification capabilities that depend on the Cherenkov / scintillation ratio. We also modify the time profile of scintillation light to study the same performance metrics as a function of rise and decay time. We go on to interpret these results in terms of their impact on certain physics goals, such as solar neutrinos and the search for Majorana neutrinos. This work supports and validates previous results, and the assumptions made therein, by using a more complete detector model and full reconstruction. We confirm that a high-coverage, 50-kt detector would be capable of better than 10 (1)% precision on the CNO neutrino flux with a WbLS (pure LS) target in 5 years of data taking. A 1-kt LS detector, with a conservative 50% fiducial volume of 500~t, can achieve a better than 5% detection. Using the liquid scintillator model, we find a sensitivity into the normal hierarchy region for Majorana neutrinos, with half life sensitivity of $T^{0nubetabeta}_{1/2} > 1.4 times 10^{28}$ years at 90% CL for 10 years of data taking with a Te-loaded target.
本文研究了水基液体闪烁体在1kt和50kt探测器中的性能。性能进行了比较，以纯水切伦科夫探测器和一个名义模型的纯闪烁体探测器。性能指标包括能量、顶点和角分辨率，以及从闪烁信号中分离切伦科夫信号的能力指标，作为依赖于切伦科夫/闪烁比的各种粒子识别能力的代表。我们还修改了闪烁光的时间轮廓，以研究相同的性能指标作为上升和衰减时间的函数。我们继续从它们对某些物理目标的影响来解释这些结果，比如太阳中微子和寻找马约拉纳中微子。本工作通过使用更完整的探测器模型和完全重建，支持并验证了先前的结果及其假设。我们证实，在5年的数据采集中，一个高覆盖、50 kt的探测器对CNO中微子通量的精度将超过10(1)％。1 kt的LS检测器，保守的50％基准体积为500t，可以实现优于5％的检测。使用液体闪烁体模型，我们发现马约拉纳中微子在正常层次区域的灵敏度，在90％ CL下，在加载te的目标上进行10年的数据采集，半衰期灵敏度为$T^{0nubetabeta}_{1/2} > 1.4 times 10^{28}$年。
{"title":"MeV-scale performance of water-based and pure liquid scintillator detectors","authors":"B. Land, Z. Bagdasarian, J. Caravaca, M. Smiley, M. Yeh, G. O. Orebi Gann","doi":"10.1103/PHYSREVD.103.052004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PHYSREVD.103.052004","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents studies of the performance of water-based liquid scintillator in both 1-kt and 50-kt detectors. Performance is evaluated in comparison to both pure water Cherenkov detectors and a nominal model for pure scintillator detectors. Performance metrics include energy, vertex, and angular resolution, along with a metric for ability to separate the Cherenkov from the scintillation signal, as being representative of various particle identification capabilities that depend on the Cherenkov / scintillation ratio. We also modify the time profile of scintillation light to study the same performance metrics as a function of rise and decay time. We go on to interpret these results in terms of their impact on certain physics goals, such as solar neutrinos and the search for Majorana neutrinos. This work supports and validates previous results, and the assumptions made therein, by using a more complete detector model and full reconstruction. We confirm that a high-coverage, 50-kt detector would be capable of better than 10 (1)% precision on the CNO neutrino flux with a WbLS (pure LS) target in 5 years of data taking. A 1-kt LS detector, with a conservative 50% fiducial volume of 500~t, can achieve a better than 5% detection. Using the liquid scintillator model, we find a sensitivity into the normal hierarchy region for Majorana neutrinos, with half life sensitivity of $T^{0nubetabeta}_{1/2} > 1.4 times 10^{28}$ years at 90% CL for 10 years of data taking with a Te-loaded target.","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74111053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the upcoming Runs 3 and 4 of the LHC, ALICE will take data at a peak Pb-Pb collision rate of 50 kHz. This will be made possible thanks to the upgrade of the main tracking detectors of the experiment, and with a new data processing strategy. In order to collect the statistics needed for the precise measurements that ALICE aims at, a continuous readout will be adopted. This brings about the challenge of handling unprecedented data rates. The ~3.5 TB/s of raw data from the detectors will be reduced to about 600 GB/s on the First Level Processing (FLP) nodes, and sent to the Event Processing layer for further processing and reduction to less than 100 GB/s of data to be stored permanently. This synchronous processing stage, which will include reconstruction, calibration and compression procedures, will be followed by an asynchronous one to account for final calibrations. Quality Control (QC) will be intensively used in all the processing stages. This talk illustrates the processing flow for ALICE in Runs 3 and 4, with emphasis on the components of the synchronous processing. The chosen software design will be described. An overview of the data analysis framework is included as well.
{"title":"ALICE data processing for Run 3 and Run 4 at the LHC","authors":"C. Zampolli","doi":"10.22323/1.390.0929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22323/1.390.0929","url":null,"abstract":"During the upcoming Runs 3 and 4 of the LHC, ALICE will take data at a peak Pb-Pb collision rate of 50 kHz. This will be made possible thanks to the upgrade of the main tracking detectors of the experiment, and with a new data processing strategy. In order to collect the statistics needed for the precise measurements that ALICE aims at, a continuous readout will be adopted. This brings about the challenge of handling unprecedented data rates. The ~3.5 TB/s of raw data from the detectors will be reduced to about 600 GB/s on the First Level Processing (FLP) nodes, and sent to the Event Processing layer for further processing and reduction to less than 100 GB/s of data to be stored permanently. This synchronous processing stage, which will include reconstruction, calibration and compression procedures, will be followed by an asynchronous one to account for final calibrations. Quality Control (QC) will be intensively used in all the processing stages. This talk illustrates the processing flow for ALICE in Runs 3 and 4, with emphasis on the components of the synchronous processing. The chosen software design will be described. An overview of the data analysis framework is included as well.","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87156360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-07DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/16/04/T04001
B. Acar, G. Adamov, C. Adloff, S. Afanasiev, N. Akchurin, B. Akgün, M. Alhusseini, J. Alison, G. Altopp, M. Alyari, S. An, S. Anagul, I. Andreev, M. Andrews, P. Aspell, I. A. Atakisi, O. Bach, A. Baden, G. Bakas, A. Bakshi, S. Banerjee, P. Bargassa, D. Barney, E. Becheva, P. Behera, A. Belloni, T. Bergauer, M. Besançon, S. Bhattacharya, S. Bhattacharya, D. Bhowmik, P. Bloch, A. Bodek, G. Bombardi, M. Bonanomi, A. Bonnemaison, S. Bonomally, J. Borg, F. Bouyjou, D. Braga, J. Brashear, E. Brondolin, P. Bryant, J. Bueghly, B. Bilki, B. Burkle, A. Butler-Nalin, S. Callier, D. Calvet, X. Cao, B. Caraway, S. Caregari, L. Ceard, Y. C. Çekmecelioğlu, S. Cerci, G. Cerminara, N. Charitonidis, R. Chatterjee, Y. Chen, Z. Chen, K. Cheng, S. Chernichenko, H. Cheung, C. Chien, S. Choudhury, D. Čoko, G. Collura, F. Couderc, L. Cristella, I. Dumanoglu, D. Dannheim, P. Dauncey, A. David, G. Davies, E. Day, P. DeBarbaro, F. De Guio, C. de La Taille, M. De Silva, P. Debbins, E. Delagnes, J. Deltoro, G. Derylo, P.G. Dias de Al
The CMS experiment at the CERN LHC will be upgraded to accommodate the 5-fold increase in the instantaneous luminosity expected at the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). Concomitant with this increase will be an increase in the number of interactions in each bunch crossing and a significant increase in the total ionising dose and fluence. One part of this upgrade is the replacement of the current endcap calorimeters with a high granularity sampling calorimeter equipped with silicon sensors, designed to manage the high collision rates. As part of the development of this calorimeter, a series of beam tests have been conducted with different sampling configurations using prototype segmented silicon detectors. In the most recent of these tests, conducted in late 2018 at the CERN SPS, the performance of a prototype calorimeter equipped with ${approx}12,000rm{~channels}$ of silicon sensors was studied with beams of high-energy electrons, pions and muons. This paper describes the custom-built scalable data acquisition system that was built with readily available FPGA mezzanines and low-cost Raspberry PI computers.
{"title":"The DAQ system of the 12,000 Channel CMS High Granularity Calorimeter Prototype.","authors":"B. Acar, G. Adamov, C. Adloff, S. Afanasiev, N. Akchurin, B. Akgün, M. Alhusseini, J. Alison, G. Altopp, M. Alyari, S. An, S. Anagul, I. Andreev, M. Andrews, P. Aspell, I. A. Atakisi, O. Bach, A. Baden, G. Bakas, A. Bakshi, S. Banerjee, P. Bargassa, D. Barney, E. Becheva, P. Behera, A. Belloni, T. Bergauer, M. Besançon, S. Bhattacharya, S. Bhattacharya, D. Bhowmik, P. Bloch, A. Bodek, G. Bombardi, M. Bonanomi, A. Bonnemaison, S. Bonomally, J. Borg, F. Bouyjou, D. Braga, J. Brashear, E. Brondolin, P. Bryant, J. Bueghly, B. Bilki, B. Burkle, A. Butler-Nalin, S. Callier, D. Calvet, X. Cao, B. Caraway, S. Caregari, L. Ceard, Y. C. Çekmecelioğlu, S. Cerci, G. Cerminara, N. Charitonidis, R. Chatterjee, Y. Chen, Z. Chen, K. Cheng, S. Chernichenko, H. Cheung, C. Chien, S. Choudhury, D. Čoko, G. Collura, F. Couderc, L. Cristella, I. Dumanoglu, D. Dannheim, P. Dauncey, A. David, G. Davies, E. Day, P. DeBarbaro, F. De Guio, C. de La Taille, M. De Silva, P. Debbins, E. Delagnes, J. Deltoro, G. Derylo, P.G. Dias de Al","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/16/04/T04001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/16/04/T04001","url":null,"abstract":"The CMS experiment at the CERN LHC will be upgraded to accommodate the 5-fold increase in the instantaneous luminosity expected at the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). Concomitant with this increase will be an increase in the number of interactions in each bunch crossing and a significant increase in the total ionising dose and fluence. One part of this upgrade is the replacement of the current endcap calorimeters with a high granularity sampling calorimeter equipped with silicon sensors, designed to manage the high collision rates. As part of the development of this calorimeter, a series of beam tests have been conducted with different sampling configurations using prototype segmented silicon detectors. In the most recent of these tests, conducted in late 2018 at the CERN SPS, the performance of a prototype calorimeter equipped with ${approx}12,000rm{~channels}$ of silicon sensors was studied with beams of high-energy electrons, pions and muons. This paper describes the custom-built scalable data acquisition system that was built with readily available FPGA mezzanines and low-cost Raspberry PI computers.","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"379 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77653330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Fermilab Muon g2 experiment is currently preparing for its fourth datataking period (Run-4). The experiment-wide effort on the analysis of Run-1 data is nearing completion, with the announcement of the first result expected in the coming months. The final goal of the experiment is to determine the muon magnetic anomaly, a = g2 2 , to a precision of 140 ppb. This level of precision will provide indirect evidence of new physics, if the central value agrees with the previously-measured value of a. Essential in reducing the systematic uncertainty on a, through measurements of the muon beam profile, are the in-vacuum straw tracking detectors. A crucial prerequisite in obtaining accurate distributions of the beam profile is the internal alignment of the tracking detectors, which is described in this thesis. As a result of this position calibration, the tracking efficiency has increased by 3%, while the track quality increased by 4%. This thesis also discusses an additional measurement that will be made using the tracking detectors: a search for an electric dipole moment (EDM) of the muon, through the direct detection of an oscillation in the average vertical angle of the e+ from the + decay. An observation of a muon EDM would be evidence of new physics and would provide a new source of CP violation in the charged lepton sector. Essential in measuring the EDM, as well as a, are accurate and precise estimations of potential non-zero radial and longitudinal magnetic fields, which were estimated using the Run-1 data. In addition, a preliminary analysis using the Run-1 data was undertaken to estimate the available precision for the a measurement using the tracking detectors. 3
{"title":"Alignment of the straw tracking detectors for the Fermilab Muon $g-2$ experiment and systematic studies for a muon electric dipole moment measurement","authors":"G. Lukicov","doi":"10.2172/1767025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2172/1767025","url":null,"abstract":"The Fermilab Muon g2 experiment is currently preparing for its fourth datataking period (Run-4). The experiment-wide effort on the analysis of Run-1 data is nearing completion, with the announcement of the first result expected in the coming months. The final goal of the experiment is to determine the muon magnetic anomaly, a = g2 2 , to a precision of 140 ppb. This level of precision will provide indirect evidence of new physics, if the central value agrees with the previously-measured value of a. Essential in reducing the systematic uncertainty on a, through measurements of the muon beam profile, are the in-vacuum straw tracking detectors. A crucial prerequisite in obtaining accurate distributions of the beam profile is the internal alignment of the tracking detectors, which is described in this thesis. As a result of this position calibration, the tracking efficiency has increased by 3%, while the track quality increased by 4%. This thesis also discusses an additional measurement that will be made using the tracking detectors: a search for an electric dipole moment (EDM) of the muon, through the direct detection of an oscillation in the average vertical angle of the e+ from the + decay. An observation of a muon EDM would be evidence of new physics and would provide a new source of CP violation in the charged lepton sector. Essential in measuring the EDM, as well as a, are accurate and precise estimations of potential non-zero radial and longitudinal magnetic fields, which were estimated using the Run-1 data. In addition, a preliminary analysis using the Run-1 data was undertaken to estimate the available precision for the a measurement using the tracking detectors. 3","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"142 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90644860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CLICTD is a monolithic silicon pixel sensor fabricated in a modified 180 nm CMOS imaging process with a small collection electrode design and a high-resistivity epitaxial layer. It features an innovative sub-pixel segmentation scheme and is optimised for fast charge collection and high spatial resolution. The sensor was developed to target the requirements for the tracking detector of the proposed future Compact Linear Collider (CLIC). Most notably, a temporal resolution of a few nanoseconds and a spatial resolution below 7 microns are demanded. In this contribution, the sensor performance measured in beam tests is presented with emphasis on recent studies using assemblies with different thicknesses (down to 50 microns to minimize the material budget) and inclined particle tracks.
{"title":"The CLICTD Monolithic CMOS Sensor","authors":"K. Dort","doi":"10.7566/JPSCP.34.010019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7566/JPSCP.34.010019","url":null,"abstract":"CLICTD is a monolithic silicon pixel sensor fabricated in a modified 180 nm CMOS imaging process with a small collection electrode design and a high-resistivity epitaxial layer. It features an innovative sub-pixel segmentation scheme and is optimised for fast charge collection and high spatial resolution. The sensor was developed to target the requirements for the tracking detector of the proposed future Compact Linear Collider (CLIC). Most notably, a temporal resolution of a few nanoseconds and a spatial resolution below 7 microns are demanded. In this contribution, the sensor performance measured in beam tests is presented with emphasis on recent studies using assemblies with different thicknesses (down to 50 microns to minimize the material budget) and inclined particle tracks.","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76399041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Phan, W. Wei, B. Beaumont, N. Bouman, S. Clayton, S. Currie, T. Ito, J. Ramsey, G. Seidel
We report results from a study on electrical breakdown in liquid helium using near-uniform-field stainless steel electrodes with a stressed area of $sim$0.725 cm$^2$. The distribution of the breakdown field is obtained for temperatures between 1.7 K and 4.0 K, pressures between the saturated vapor pressure and 626 Torr, and with electrodes of different surface polishes. A data-based approach for determining the electrode-surface-area scaling of the breakdown field is presented. The dependence of the breakdown probability on the field strength as extracted from the breakdown field distribution data is used to show that breakdown is a surface phenomenon closely correlated with Fowler-Nordheim field emission from asperities on the cathode. We show that the results from this analysis provides an explanation for the supposed electrode gap-size effect and also allows for a determination of the breakdown-field distribution for arbitrary shaped electrodes. Most importantly, the analysis method presented in this work can be extended to other noble liquids to explore the dependencies for electrical breakdown in those media.
我们报告了使用应力面积为$sim$0.725 cm$^2$的近均匀场不锈钢电极研究液氦电击穿的结果。得到了温度在1.7 K ~ 4.0 K之间，压力在饱和蒸汽压~ 626 Torr之间，电极表面抛光不同时击穿场的分布。提出了一种基于数据的方法来确定击穿场的电极表面积尺度。从击穿场分布数据中提取击穿概率与场强的依赖关系，表明击穿是一种表面现象，与阴极上凹凸不平的Fowler-Nordheim场发射密切相关。我们表明，从这个分析的结果提供了一个解释假设的电极间隙大小效应，也允许确定击穿场分布为任意形状的电极。最重要的是，本工作中提出的分析方法可以扩展到其他贵重液体，以探索这些介质中电击穿的依赖关系。
{"title":"A study of DC electrical breakdown in liquid helium through analysis of the empirical breakdown field distributions","authors":"N. Phan, W. Wei, B. Beaumont, N. Bouman, S. Clayton, S. Currie, T. Ito, J. Ramsey, G. Seidel","doi":"10.1063/5.0037888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0037888","url":null,"abstract":"We report results from a study on electrical breakdown in liquid helium using near-uniform-field stainless steel electrodes with a stressed area of $sim$0.725 cm$^2$. The distribution of the breakdown field is obtained for temperatures between 1.7 K and 4.0 K, pressures between the saturated vapor pressure and 626 Torr, and with electrodes of different surface polishes. A data-based approach for determining the electrode-surface-area scaling of the breakdown field is presented. The dependence of the breakdown probability on the field strength as extracted from the breakdown field distribution data is used to show that breakdown is a surface phenomenon closely correlated with Fowler-Nordheim field emission from asperities on the cathode. We show that the results from this analysis provides an explanation for the supposed electrode gap-size effect and also allows for a determination of the breakdown-field distribution for arbitrary shaped electrodes. Most importantly, the analysis method presented in this work can be extended to other noble liquids to explore the dependencies for electrical breakdown in those media.","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76417409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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