X. Huang, D. Gong, Q. Sun, C. Chen, D. Guo, S. Hou, G. Huang, S. Kulis, C. Liu, T. Liu, P. Moreira, A. S. Rodr'iguez, H. Sun, J. Troska, L. Xiao, L. Zhang, W. Zhang, J. Ye
We present the design and test results of a 4-channel 10-Gbps/ch Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser array driver, the cpVLAD. With on-chip charge-pumps to extend the biasing headroom for the VCSELs needed for low temperature operation and mitigation of the radiation effects. The cpVLAD was fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS technology. The test results show that the cpVLAD is capable of driving VCSELs with forward bias voltages as high as 2.8 V from a 2.5 V power supply. The power consumption of the cpVLAD is 94 mW/ch.
{"title":"A 4-Channel 10-Gbps/ch CMOS VCSEL Array Driver with on-chip Charge Pumps","authors":"X. Huang, D. Gong, Q. Sun, C. Chen, D. Guo, S. Hou, G. Huang, S. Kulis, C. Liu, T. Liu, P. Moreira, A. S. Rodr'iguez, H. Sun, J. Troska, L. Xiao, L. Zhang, W. Zhang, J. Ye","doi":"10.22323/1.370.0048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22323/1.370.0048","url":null,"abstract":"We present the design and test results of a 4-channel 10-Gbps/ch Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser array driver, the cpVLAD. With on-chip charge-pumps to extend the biasing headroom for the VCSELs needed for low temperature operation and mitigation of the radiation effects. The cpVLAD was fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS technology. The test results show that the cpVLAD is capable of driving VCSELs with forward bias voltages as high as 2.8 V from a 2.5 V power supply. The power consumption of the cpVLAD is 94 mW/ch.","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"99 31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75722980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-05DOI: 10.1142/s0217751x20430010
N. Braun, T. Kuhr
The Belle II experiment is designed to collect 50 times more data than its predecessor. For a smooth collection of high-quality data, a robust and automated data transport and processing pipeline has been established. We describe the basic software components employed by the high level trigger. It performs a reconstruction of all events using the same algorithms as offline, classifies the events according to physics criteria, and provides monitoring information. The improved system described in this paper has been deployed successfully since 2019.
{"title":"Software for online reconstruction and filtering at the Belle II experiment","authors":"N. Braun, T. Kuhr","doi":"10.1142/s0217751x20430010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x20430010","url":null,"abstract":"The Belle II experiment is designed to collect 50 times more data than its predecessor. For a smooth collection of high-quality data, a robust and automated data transport and processing pipeline has been established. We describe the basic software components employed by the high level trigger. It performs a reconstruction of all events using the same algorithms as offline, classifies the events according to physics criteria, and provides monitoring information. The improved system described in this paper has been deployed successfully since 2019.","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82726458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Israel Pérez, Tareik Netro, Mario Vazquez, J. Elizalde
We have designed and constructed a compact rotary substrate heater for the temperature range from 25 $^circ$C to 700 $^circ$C. The heater can be implemented in any deposition system where crystalline samples are needed. Its main function is to provide a heat treatment in situ during film growth. The temperature is monitored and controlled by a temperature controller coupled to a type K thermocouple. A heater case was designed to host a resistive element and at the same time to allow the substrate holder to freely rotate. Rotation is crucial not only for film homogeneity during deposition but also for the elimination of temperature gradients on the substrate holder. To tolerate oxidizing and corrosive environments, the instrument was made of stainless steel which also works as "coolant" taking advantage of heat dissipation. The instrument performs well for long periods of time with stable temperatures. We hope that this project is useful for laboratories wishing to have a compact rotary heater that meets the requirements for crystal growth and film homogeneity.
{"title":"Design and construction of a compact rotary substrate heater for deposition systems","authors":"Israel Pérez, Tareik Netro, Mario Vazquez, J. Elizalde","doi":"10.1139/cjp-2019-0530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2019-0530","url":null,"abstract":"We have designed and constructed a compact rotary substrate heater for the temperature range from 25 $^circ$C to 700 $^circ$C. The heater can be implemented in any deposition system where crystalline samples are needed. Its main function is to provide a heat treatment in situ during film growth. The temperature is monitored and controlled by a temperature controller coupled to a type K thermocouple. A heater case was designed to host a resistive element and at the same time to allow the substrate holder to freely rotate. Rotation is crucial not only for film homogeneity during deposition but also for the elimination of temperature gradients on the substrate holder. To tolerate oxidizing and corrosive environments, the instrument was made of stainless steel which also works as \"coolant\" taking advantage of heat dissipation. The instrument performs well for long periods of time with stable temperatures. We hope that this project is useful for laboratories wishing to have a compact rotary heater that meets the requirements for crystal growth and film homogeneity.","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"128 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89269436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Cryogenic Sapphire Oscillator is today recognized for its unprecedented frequency stability, mainly coming from the exceptional physical properties of its resonator made in a high quality sapphire crystal. With these instruments, the fractional frequency measurement resolution, currently of the order of 1e-16, is such that it is possible to detect very small phenomena like residual resonator environmental sensitivities. Thus, we highlighted an unexpected magnetic sensitivity of the Cryogenic Sapphire Oscillator (CSO) at low magnetic field. The fractional frequency sensitivity has been preliminary evaluated to 1e-13/Gauss, making this phenomenon a potential cause of frequency stability limitation. In this paper we report the experimental data related to the magnetic sensitivity of the quasi-transverse magnetic Whispering Gallery (WGH) modes excited in sapphire crystals differing from their paramagnetic contaminants concentration. The magnetic behavior of the WGH modes does not follow the expected theory combining the Curie law and the Zeeman effect affecting the Electron Spin Resonance of the paramagnetic ions present in the crystal.
{"title":"Magnetic sensitivity of the microwave cryogenic sapphire oscillator","authors":"V. Giordano, C. Fluhr, B. Dubois","doi":"10.1063/5.0007131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0007131","url":null,"abstract":"The Cryogenic Sapphire Oscillator is today recognized for its unprecedented frequency stability, mainly coming from the exceptional physical properties of its resonator made in a high quality sapphire crystal. With these instruments, the fractional frequency measurement resolution, currently of the order of 1e-16, is such that it is possible to detect very small phenomena like residual resonator environmental sensitivities. Thus, we highlighted an unexpected magnetic sensitivity of the Cryogenic Sapphire Oscillator (CSO) at low magnetic field. The fractional frequency sensitivity has been preliminary evaluated to 1e-13/Gauss, making this phenomenon a potential cause of frequency stability limitation. In this paper we report the experimental data related to the magnetic sensitivity of the quasi-transverse magnetic Whispering Gallery (WGH) modes excited in sapphire crystals differing from their paramagnetic contaminants concentration. The magnetic behavior of the WGH modes does not follow the expected theory combining the Curie law and the Zeeman effect affecting the Electron Spin Resonance of the paramagnetic ions present in the crystal.","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80552748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-08DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2020.103096
C. Pan, Jiangfeng Hu, Haiyang Zhang, Yaonan Song, Dongxu Han, Wenjing Liu, Hui Chen, M. Plimmer, F. Sparasci, E. Luo, B. Gao, L. Pitre
{"title":"Active suppression of temperature oscillation from a pulse-tube cryocooler in a cryogen-free cryostat: Part 2. Experimental realization","authors":"C. Pan, Jiangfeng Hu, Haiyang Zhang, Yaonan Song, Dongxu Han, Wenjing Liu, Hui Chen, M. Plimmer, F. Sparasci, E. Luo, B. Gao, L. Pitre","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2020.103096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2020.103096","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"303 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77440497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CLIC is a proposed linear $e^+e^-$ collider with center-of-mass energies of up to 3 TeV. Its main objectives are precise top quark, Higgs boson and Beyond Standard Model physics. In addition to spatial resolutions of a few micrometers and a very low material budget, the vertex and tracking detectors also require timing capabilities with a precision of a few nanoseconds to allow suppression of beam-induced background particles. Different technologies using hybrid silicon detectors are explored for the vertex detectors, such as dedicated 65 nm readout ASICs, small-pitch sensors as well as bonding using anisotropic conductive films. Monolithic sensors are the current choice for the tracking detector, and a prototype using a 180 nm high-resistivity CMOS process has been designed and produced, and is currently under evaluation. Different designs using a silicon-on-insulator process are under investigation for both vertex and tracking detector. All prototypes are tested in laboratory and beam tests, and newly developed simulation tools combining Geant4 and TCAD are used to assess and optimize their performance. This contribution gives an overview of the R&D program for the CLIC vertex and tracking detectors, highlighting new results from the prototypes.
{"title":"Silicon Vertex & Tracking Detectors for the Compact Linear Collider","authors":"S. Spannagel","doi":"10.22323/1.373.0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22323/1.373.0044","url":null,"abstract":"CLIC is a proposed linear $e^+e^-$ collider with center-of-mass energies of up to 3 TeV. Its main objectives are precise top quark, Higgs boson and Beyond Standard Model physics. In addition to spatial resolutions of a few micrometers and a very low material budget, the vertex and tracking detectors also require timing capabilities with a precision of a few nanoseconds to allow suppression of beam-induced background particles. Different technologies using hybrid silicon detectors are explored for the vertex detectors, such as dedicated 65 nm readout ASICs, small-pitch sensors as well as bonding using anisotropic conductive films. Monolithic sensors are the current choice for the tracking detector, and a prototype using a 180 nm high-resistivity CMOS process has been designed and produced, and is currently under evaluation. Different designs using a silicon-on-insulator process are under investigation for both vertex and tracking detector. All prototypes are tested in laboratory and beam tests, and newly developed simulation tools combining Geant4 and TCAD are used to assess and optimize their performance. This contribution gives an overview of the R&D program for the CLIC vertex and tracking detectors, highlighting new results from the prototypes.","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75832254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-02DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2020.121793
F. Reidt
{"title":"Upgrading the Inner Tracking System and the Time Projection Chamber of ALICE","authors":"F. Reidt","doi":"10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2020.121793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2020.121793","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"7 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83403602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Dijulio, Isak Svensson, X. Cai, J. Cederkall, P. Bentley
The transport of neutrons in long beamlines at spallation neutron sources presents a unique challenge for Monte-Carlo transport calculations. This is due to the need to accurately model the deep-penetration of high-energy neutrons through meters of thick dense shields close to the source and at the same time to model the transport of low-energy neutrons across distances up to around 150 m in length. Typically, such types of calculations may be carried out with MCNP-based codes or alternatively PHITS. However, in recent years there has been an increased interest in the suitability of Geant4 for such types of calculations. Therefore, we have implemented supermirror physics, a neutron chopper module and the duct-source variance reduction technique for low-energy neutron transport from the PHITS Monte-Carlo code into Geant4. In the current work, we present a series of benchmarks of these extensions with the PHITS software, which demonstrates the suitability of Geant4 for simulating long neutron beamlines at a spallation neutron source, such as the European Spallation Source, currently under construction in Lund, Sweden.
{"title":"Simulating neutron transport in long beamlines at a spallation neutron source using Geant4","authors":"D. Dijulio, Isak Svensson, X. Cai, J. Cederkall, P. Bentley","doi":"10.3233/jnr-190134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jnr-190134","url":null,"abstract":"The transport of neutrons in long beamlines at spallation neutron sources presents a unique challenge for Monte-Carlo transport calculations. This is due to the need to accurately model the deep-penetration of high-energy neutrons through meters of thick dense shields close to the source and at the same time to model the transport of low-energy neutrons across distances up to around 150 m in length. Typically, such types of calculations may be carried out with MCNP-based codes or alternatively PHITS. However, in recent years there has been an increased interest in the suitability of Geant4 for such types of calculations. Therefore, we have implemented supermirror physics, a neutron chopper module and the duct-source variance reduction technique for low-energy neutron transport from the PHITS Monte-Carlo code into Geant4. In the current work, we present a series of benchmarks of these extensions with the PHITS software, which demonstrates the suitability of Geant4 for simulating long neutron beamlines at a spallation neutron source, such as the European Spallation Source, currently under construction in Lund, Sweden.","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88753870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-27DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-53448-6_76
D. Colella
{"title":"ALICE Inner Tracking System Upgrade: Construction and Commissioning","authors":"D. Colella","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-53448-6_76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53448-6_76","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89133311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The scintillation yields of ZnWO$_4$ crystals change depending on the incident direction of particles. This property can be used as a direction-sensitive dark matter detector. So, we investigated the ZnWO$_4$ light yields ratio of neutron-induced nuclear recoils to gamma-ray induced electron recoils(quenching factor). Two surfaces almost perpendicular to the crystal axis of ZnWO$_4$ were irradiated with a quasi-monochromatic neutron beam of 0.885MeV, and the quenching factors of both surfaces for the oxygen-nucleus recoil in the ZnWO$_4$ crystal were measured. The obtained quenching factors of the two surfaces were 0.235 $pm$ 0.026 and 0.199 $pm$ 0.020, respectively confirming 15.3$%$ of anisotropy.
{"title":"Anisotropic response measurements of ZnWO4 scintillators to neutrons for developing a direction-sensitive dark matter detector","authors":"Juan W. Pedersen, H. Sekiya, K. Ichimura","doi":"10.1093/ptep/ptz168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptz168","url":null,"abstract":"The scintillation yields of ZnWO$_4$ crystals change depending on the incident direction of particles. This property can be used as a direction-sensitive dark matter detector. So, we investigated the ZnWO$_4$ light yields ratio of neutron-induced nuclear recoils to gamma-ray induced electron recoils(quenching factor). Two surfaces almost perpendicular to the crystal axis of ZnWO$_4$ were irradiated with a quasi-monochromatic neutron beam of 0.885MeV, and the quenching factors of both surfaces for the oxygen-nucleus recoil in the ZnWO$_4$ crystal were measured. The obtained quenching factors of the two surfaces were 0.235 $pm$ 0.026 and 0.199 $pm$ 0.020, respectively confirming 15.3$%$ of anisotropy.","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81919783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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