Pub Date : 2020-10-19DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-020420-093547
A. Ryd, L. Skinnari
Hardware-based track reconstruction in the CMS and ATLAS trigger systems for the High-Luminosity LHC upgrade will provide unique capabilities. An overview is presented of earlier track trigger systems at hadron colliders, in particular for the Tevatron CDF and D0 experiments. We discuss the plans of the CMS and ATLAS experiments to implement hardware-based track reconstruction for the High-Luminosity LHC. Particular focus is placed on the track trigger capability of the upgraded CMS experiment. We discuss the challenges and opportunities of this novel handle, and review the alternatives that were considered for its implementation as well as discuss the expected performance. The planned track trigger systems for CMS and ATLAS have different goals, and we compare and contrast the two approaches.
{"title":"Tracking Triggers for the HL-LHC","authors":"A. Ryd, L. Skinnari","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-020420-093547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-020420-093547","url":null,"abstract":"Hardware-based track reconstruction in the CMS and ATLAS trigger systems for the High-Luminosity LHC upgrade will provide unique capabilities. An overview is presented of earlier track trigger systems at hadron colliders, in particular for the Tevatron CDF and D0 experiments. We discuss the plans of the CMS and ATLAS experiments to implement hardware-based track reconstruction for the High-Luminosity LHC. Particular focus is placed on the track trigger capability of the upgraded CMS experiment. We discuss the challenges and opportunities of this novel handle, and review the alternatives that were considered for its implementation as well as discuss the expected performance. The planned track trigger systems for CMS and ATLAS have different goals, and we compare and contrast the two approaches.","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"662 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74757111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Precision timing has alway been a prominent topic in the instrumentation for high-energy physics experiments. In this document I discuss what the perspectives are for the use of silicon sensors for a time-of-flight detector in a next-generation heavy-ion experiment at the LHC. A brief overview of the experiment and a preliminary assessment of the expected particle-identification performance is also presented.
{"title":"Perspectives for particle identification in ALICE using silicon-based timing detectors","authors":"R. Preghenella","doi":"10.22323/1.382.0078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22323/1.382.0078","url":null,"abstract":"Precision timing has alway been a prominent topic in the instrumentation for high-energy physics experiments. In this document I discuss what the perspectives are for the use of silicon sensors for a time-of-flight detector in a next-generation heavy-ion experiment at the LHC. A brief overview of the experiment and a preliminary assessment of the expected particle-identification performance is also presented.","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86962147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Icarus T600 detector represents the first example of a fully working large-mass LAr detector. After operations at the LNGS INFN laboratories, it has been refurbished at CERN in 2015-2017 and then installed as far detector on the BNB neutrino beamline at FNAL. The main operations involved in the T600 overhauling are thouroghly described in this paper.
{"title":"The deployment of the ICARUS LAr detector on the short baseline (SBN) neutrino beam at FNAL","authors":"M. Bonesini, A. Menegolli","doi":"10.22323/1.364.0188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22323/1.364.0188","url":null,"abstract":"The Icarus T600 detector represents the first example of a fully working large-mass LAr detector. After operations at the LNGS INFN laboratories, it has been refurbished at CERN in 2015-2017 and then installed as far detector on the BNB neutrino beamline at FNAL. The main operations involved in the T600 overhauling are thouroghly described in this paper.","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74431416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. W. Fink, S. Watkins, T. Aramaki, P. Brink, J. Camilleri, X. Defay, S. Ganjam, Y. Kolomensky, R. Mahapatra, N. Mirabolfathi, W. Page, R. Partridge, M. Platt, M. Pyle, B. Sadoulet, B. Serfass, S. Zuber
We present the design and characterization of a large-area Cryogenic PhotoDetector (CPD) designed for active particle identification in rare event searches, such as neutrinoless double beta decay and dark matter experiments. The detector consists of a $45.6$ $mathrm{cm}^2$ surface area by 1-mm-thick $10.6$ $mathrm{g}$ Si wafer. It is instrumented with a distributed network of Quasiparticle-trap-assisted Electrothermal feedback Transition-edge sensors (QETs) with $T_c=41.5$ $mathrm{mK}$ to measure athermal phonons released from interactions with photons. The detector is characterized and calibrated in the center of the detector with a collimated $^{55}$Fe X-ray source. The noise equivalent power is measured to be $1times 10^{-17}$ $mathrm{W}/sqrt{mathrm{Hz}}$ in a bandwidth of $2.7$ $mathrm{kHz}$. The baseline energy resolution is measured to be $sigma_E = 3.86 pm 0.04$ $(mathrm{stat.})^{+0.23}_{-0.00}$ $(mathrm{syst.})$ $mathrm{eV}$ (RMS). The detector also has an expected timing resolution of $sigma_t = 2.3$ $mumathrm{s}$ for $5$ $sigma_E$ events.
{"title":"Performance of a large area photon detector for rare event search applications","authors":"C. W. Fink, S. Watkins, T. Aramaki, P. Brink, J. Camilleri, X. Defay, S. Ganjam, Y. Kolomensky, R. Mahapatra, N. Mirabolfathi, W. Page, R. Partridge, M. Platt, M. Pyle, B. Sadoulet, B. Serfass, S. Zuber","doi":"10.1063/5.0032372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0032372","url":null,"abstract":"We present the design and characterization of a large-area Cryogenic PhotoDetector (CPD) designed for active particle identification in rare event searches, such as neutrinoless double beta decay and dark matter experiments. The detector consists of a $45.6$ $mathrm{cm}^2$ surface area by 1-mm-thick $10.6$ $mathrm{g}$ Si wafer. It is instrumented with a distributed network of Quasiparticle-trap-assisted Electrothermal feedback Transition-edge sensors (QETs) with $T_c=41.5$ $mathrm{mK}$ to measure athermal phonons released from interactions with photons. The detector is characterized and calibrated in the center of the detector with a collimated $^{55}$Fe X-ray source. The noise equivalent power is measured to be $1times 10^{-17}$ $mathrm{W}/sqrt{mathrm{Hz}}$ in a bandwidth of $2.7$ $mathrm{kHz}$. The baseline energy resolution is measured to be $sigma_E = 3.86 pm 0.04$ $(mathrm{stat.})^{+0.23}_{-0.00}$ $(mathrm{syst.})$ $mathrm{eV}$ (RMS). The detector also has an expected timing resolution of $sigma_t = 2.3$ $mumathrm{s}$ for $5$ $sigma_E$ events.","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78812205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Alpigiani, J. C. Arteaga-Vel'azquez, A. Ball, L. Barak, Jared Barron, B. Batell, J. Beacham, Yan Benhammo, K. Caballero-Mora, P. Camarri, R. Cardarelli, J. Chou, Wentao Cui, D. Curtin, M. Diamond, K. Dienes, L. Dougherty, G. Sciascio, M. Drewes, E. Etzion, R. Essig, J. Evans, A. F. T'ellez, O. Fischer, J. Freeman, J. Gall, Ali Garabaglu, S. Giagu, S. Greenberg, B. Gomber, R. Guida, A. Haas, Y. Heng, S. Hsu, G. Iaselli, K. Johns, A. Kvam, D. Lazic, Liang Li, B. Liberti, Zhen Liu, H. Lubatti, Lillian Luo, G. Marsella, Mario Iv'an Mart'inez Hern'andez, M. McCullough, D. McKeen, P. Meade, G. Mizrachi, O. G. Morales-Olivares, D. Morrissey, M. M. Moshe, A. Policicchio, M. Proffitt, D. C. Ramirez, M. Reece, S. Robertson, M. Rodr'iguez-Cahuantzi, A. Roeck, A. Roepe, J. Rothberg, J. J. Russell, H. Russell, R. Santonico, M. Schioppa, J. Shelton, B. Shuve, Y. Silver, L. D. Stante, D. Stolarski, M. Strauss, D. Strom, J. Stupak, M. Vasquez, S. Swain, G. T. Muñoz, S. A. Thayil, B. Thomas, Yuhsin Tsai, E. Torró, G. W
We report on recent progress in the design of the proposed MATHUSLA Long Lived Particle (LLP) detector for the HL-LHC, updating the information in the original Letter of Intent (LoI), see CDS:LHCC-I-031, arXiv:1811.00927. A suitable site has been identified at LHC Point 5 that is closer to the CMS Interaction Point (IP) than assumed in the LoI. The decay volume has been increased from 20 m to 25 m in height. Engineering studies have been made in order to locate much of the decay volume below ground, bringing the detector even closer to the IP. With these changes, a 100 m x 100 m detector has the same physics reach for large c$tau$ as the 200 m x 200 m detector described in the LoI and other studies. The performance for small c$tau$ is improved because of the proximity to the IP. Detector technology has also evolved while retaining the strip-like sensor geometry in Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) described in the LoI. The present design uses extruded scintillator bars read out using wavelength shifting fibers and silicon photomultipliers (SiPM). Operations will be simpler and more robust with much lower operating voltages and without the use of greenhouse gases. Manufacturing is straightforward and should result in cost savings. Understanding of backgrounds has also significantly advanced, thanks to new simulation studies and measurements taken at the MATHUSLA test stand operating above ATLAS in 2018. We discuss next steps for the MATHUSLA collaboration, and identify areas where new members can make particularly important contributions.
我们报告了用于HL-LHC的MATHUSLA长寿命粒子(LLP)探测器设计的最新进展，更新了原始意向书(LoI)中的信息，见CDS: lhc - i -031, arXiv:1811.00927。在LHC第5点确定了一个合适的位置，该位置比LoI中假设的更接近CMS相互作用点(IP)。衰减体的高度从20米增加到25米。工程研究已经进行，以确定大部分衰减量在地下，使探测器更接近IP。有了这些变化，100米× 100米的探测器具有与LoI和其他研究中描述的200米× 200米探测器相同的大c$tau$物理达到。由于靠近IP，小c$tau$的性能得到了改善。探测器技术也得到了发展，同时保留了LoI中描述的电阻板室(RPC)中的条形传感器几何形状。本设计采用挤压式闪烁体条，通过波长移动光纤和硅光电倍增管读出。操作将更简单，更可靠，工作电压更低，不使用温室气体。制造是直截了当的，应该会节省成本。由于2018年在ATLAS上方运行的MATHUSLA测试台进行了新的模拟研究和测量，对背景的理解也得到了显着提高。我们讨论了MATHUSLA合作的下一步，并确定了新成员可以做出特别重要贡献的领域。
{"title":"An Update to the Letter of Intent for MATHUSLA: Search for Long-Lived Particles at the HL-LHC","authors":"C. Alpigiani, J. C. Arteaga-Vel'azquez, A. Ball, L. Barak, Jared Barron, B. Batell, J. Beacham, Yan Benhammo, K. Caballero-Mora, P. Camarri, R. Cardarelli, J. Chou, Wentao Cui, D. Curtin, M. Diamond, K. Dienes, L. Dougherty, G. Sciascio, M. Drewes, E. Etzion, R. Essig, J. Evans, A. F. T'ellez, O. Fischer, J. Freeman, J. Gall, Ali Garabaglu, S. Giagu, S. Greenberg, B. Gomber, R. Guida, A. Haas, Y. Heng, S. Hsu, G. Iaselli, K. Johns, A. Kvam, D. Lazic, Liang Li, B. Liberti, Zhen Liu, H. Lubatti, Lillian Luo, G. Marsella, Mario Iv'an Mart'inez Hern'andez, M. McCullough, D. McKeen, P. Meade, G. Mizrachi, O. G. Morales-Olivares, D. Morrissey, M. M. Moshe, A. Policicchio, M. Proffitt, D. C. Ramirez, M. Reece, S. Robertson, M. Rodr'iguez-Cahuantzi, A. Roeck, A. Roepe, J. Rothberg, J. J. Russell, H. Russell, R. Santonico, M. Schioppa, J. Shelton, B. Shuve, Y. Silver, L. D. Stante, D. Stolarski, M. Strauss, D. Strom, J. Stupak, M. Vasquez, S. Swain, G. T. Muñoz, S. A. Thayil, B. Thomas, Yuhsin Tsai, E. Torró, G. W","doi":"10.2172/1659442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2172/1659442","url":null,"abstract":"We report on recent progress in the design of the proposed MATHUSLA Long Lived Particle (LLP) detector for the HL-LHC, updating the information in the original Letter of Intent (LoI), see CDS:LHCC-I-031, arXiv:1811.00927. A suitable site has been identified at LHC Point 5 that is closer to the CMS Interaction Point (IP) than assumed in the LoI. The decay volume has been increased from 20 m to 25 m in height. Engineering studies have been made in order to locate much of the decay volume below ground, bringing the detector even closer to the IP. With these changes, a 100 m x 100 m detector has the same physics reach for large c$tau$ as the 200 m x 200 m detector described in the LoI and other studies. The performance for small c$tau$ is improved because of the proximity to the IP. Detector technology has also evolved while retaining the strip-like sensor geometry in Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) described in the LoI. The present design uses extruded scintillator bars read out using wavelength shifting fibers and silicon photomultipliers (SiPM). Operations will be simpler and more robust with much lower operating voltages and without the use of greenhouse gases. Manufacturing is straightforward and should result in cost savings. Understanding of backgrounds has also significantly advanced, thanks to new simulation studies and measurements taken at the MATHUSLA test stand operating above ATLAS in 2018. We discuss next steps for the MATHUSLA collaboration, and identify areas where new members can make particularly important contributions.","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87503661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Yonenaga, I. Adachi, L. Burmistrov, F. Diberder, T. Iijima, S. Iwata, S. Kakimoto, H. Kakuno, G. Karyan, H. Kawai, T. Kawasaki, H. Kindo, H.Kitamura, M. Kobayashi, T. Kohriki, T. Konno, S. Korpar, P. Krivzan, T. Kumita, K. Kuze, Y. Lai, M. Mrvar, G. Nazaryan, S. Nishida, M. Nishimura, K. Ogawa, S. Ogawa, R. Pestotnik, A. Seljak, M. Shoji, T. Sumiyoshi, M. Tabata, S. Tamechika, Y. Yusa, L.vSantelj
The Aerogel Ring Imaging Cherenkov (ARICH) counter serves as a particle identification device in the forward end-cap region of the Belle II spectrometer. It is capable of identifying pions and kaons with momenta up to $4 , {rm GeV}/c$ by detecting Cherenkov photons emitted in the silica aerogel radiator. After the detector alignment and calibration of the probability density function, we evaluate the performance of the ARICH counter using early beam collision data. Event samples of $D^{ast +} to D^0 pi^+ (D^0 to K^-pi^+)$ were used to determine the $pi(K)$ efficiency and the $K(pi)$ misidentification probability. We found that the ARICH counter is capable of separating kaons from pions with an identification efficiency of $93.5 pm 0.6 , %$ at a pion misidentification probability of $10.9 pm 0.9 , %$. This paper describes the identification method of the counter and the evaluation of the performance during its early operation.
{"title":"Performance evaluation of the aerogel RICH counter for the Belle II spectrometer using early beam collision data","authors":"M. Yonenaga, I. Adachi, L. Burmistrov, F. Diberder, T. Iijima, S. Iwata, S. Kakimoto, H. Kakuno, G. Karyan, H. Kawai, T. Kawasaki, H. Kindo, H.Kitamura, M. Kobayashi, T. Kohriki, T. Konno, S. Korpar, P. Krivzan, T. Kumita, K. Kuze, Y. Lai, M. Mrvar, G. Nazaryan, S. Nishida, M. Nishimura, K. Ogawa, S. Ogawa, R. Pestotnik, A. Seljak, M. Shoji, T. Sumiyoshi, M. Tabata, S. Tamechika, Y. Yusa, L.vSantelj","doi":"10.1093/ptep/ptaa090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptaa090","url":null,"abstract":"The Aerogel Ring Imaging Cherenkov (ARICH) counter serves as a particle identification device in the forward end-cap region of the Belle II spectrometer. It is capable of identifying pions and kaons with momenta up to $4 , {rm GeV}/c$ by detecting Cherenkov photons emitted in the silica aerogel radiator. After the detector alignment and calibration of the probability density function, we evaluate the performance of the ARICH counter using early beam collision data. Event samples of $D^{ast +} to D^0 pi^+ (D^0 to K^-pi^+)$ were used to determine the $pi(K)$ efficiency and the $K(pi)$ misidentification probability. We found that the ARICH counter is capable of separating kaons from pions with an identification efficiency of $93.5 pm 0.6 , %$ at a pion misidentification probability of $10.9 pm 0.9 , %$. This paper describes the identification method of the counter and the evaluation of the performance during its early operation.","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78108338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-11DOI: 10.1103/physrevapplied.14.054008
S. Buckley, A. Tait, J. Chiles, A. McCaughan, Saeed Khan, R. Mirin, S. Nam, J. Shainline
We show several techniques for using integrated-photonic waveguide structures to simultaneously characterize multiple waveguide-integrated superconducting-nanowire detectors with a single fiber input. The first set of structures allows direct comparison of detector performance of waveguide-integrated detectors with various widths and lengths. The second type of demonstrated integrated-photonic structure allows us to achieve detection with a high dynamic range. This device allows a small number of detectors to count photons across many orders of magnitude in count rate. However, we find a stray light floor of -30 dB limits the dynamic range to three orders of magnitude. To assess the utility of the detectors for use in synapses in spiking neural systems, we measured the response with average incident photon numbers ranging from less than $10^{-3}$ to greater than $10$. The detector response is identical across this entire range, indicating that synaptic responses based on these detectors will be independent of the number of incident photons in a communication pulse. Such a binary response is ideal for communication in neural systems. We further demonstrate that the response has a linear dependence of output current pulse height on bias current with up to a factor of 1.7 tunability in pulse height. Throughout the work, we compare room-temperature measurements to cryogenic measurements. The agreement indicates room-temperature measurements can be used to determine important properties of the detectors.
{"title":"Integrated-Photonic Characterization of Single-Photon Detectors for Use in Neuromorphic Synapses","authors":"S. Buckley, A. Tait, J. Chiles, A. McCaughan, Saeed Khan, R. Mirin, S. Nam, J. Shainline","doi":"10.1103/physrevapplied.14.054008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.14.054008","url":null,"abstract":"We show several techniques for using integrated-photonic waveguide structures to simultaneously characterize multiple waveguide-integrated superconducting-nanowire detectors with a single fiber input. The first set of structures allows direct comparison of detector performance of waveguide-integrated detectors with various widths and lengths. The second type of demonstrated integrated-photonic structure allows us to achieve detection with a high dynamic range. This device allows a small number of detectors to count photons across many orders of magnitude in count rate. However, we find a stray light floor of -30 dB limits the dynamic range to three orders of magnitude. To assess the utility of the detectors for use in synapses in spiking neural systems, we measured the response with average incident photon numbers ranging from less than $10^{-3}$ to greater than $10$. The detector response is identical across this entire range, indicating that synaptic responses based on these detectors will be independent of the number of incident photons in a communication pulse. Such a binary response is ideal for communication in neural systems. We further demonstrate that the response has a linear dependence of output current pulse height on bias current with up to a factor of 1.7 tunability in pulse height. Throughout the work, we compare room-temperature measurements to cryogenic measurements. The agreement indicates room-temperature measurements can be used to determine important properties of the detectors.","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"433 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89813783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-10DOI: 10.1103/physrevapplied.14.044051
A. Quiskamp, B. Mcallister, G. Rybka, M. Tobar
Axions are a popular dark matter candidate which are often searched for in experiments known as ``haloscopes" which exploit a putative axion-photon coupling. These experiments typically rely on Transverse Magnetic (TM) modes in resonant cavities to capture and detect photons generated via axion conversion. We present a study of a resonant cavity design for application in haloscope searches, of particular use in the push to higher mass axion searches (above $sim$60$,mu$eV). In particular, we take advantage of azimuthally varying TM$_{m10}$ modes which, whilst typically insensitive to axions due to field non-uniformity, can be made axion-sensitive (and frequency tunable) through strategic placement of dielectric wedges, becoming a type of resonator known as a Dielectric Boosted Axion Sensitivity (DBAS) resonator. Results from finite-element modelling are presented, and compared with a simple proof-of-concept experiment. The results show a significant increase in axion sensitivity for these DBAS resonators over their empty cavity counterparts, and high potential for application in high mass axion searches when benchmarked against simpler, more traditional designs relying on fundamental TM modes.
{"title":"Dielectric-Boosted Sensitivity to Cylindrical Azimuthally Varying Transverse-Magnetic Resonant Modes in an Axion Haloscope","authors":"A. Quiskamp, B. Mcallister, G. Rybka, M. Tobar","doi":"10.1103/physrevapplied.14.044051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.14.044051","url":null,"abstract":"Axions are a popular dark matter candidate which are often searched for in experiments known as ``haloscopes\" which exploit a putative axion-photon coupling. These experiments typically rely on Transverse Magnetic (TM) modes in resonant cavities to capture and detect photons generated via axion conversion. We present a study of a resonant cavity design for application in haloscope searches, of particular use in the push to higher mass axion searches (above $sim$60$,mu$eV). In particular, we take advantage of azimuthally varying TM$_{m10}$ modes which, whilst typically insensitive to axions due to field non-uniformity, can be made axion-sensitive (and frequency tunable) through strategic placement of dielectric wedges, becoming a type of resonator known as a Dielectric Boosted Axion Sensitivity (DBAS) resonator. Results from finite-element modelling are presented, and compared with a simple proof-of-concept experiment. The results show a significant increase in axion sensitivity for these DBAS resonators over their empty cavity counterparts, and high potential for application in high mass axion searches when benchmarked against simpler, more traditional designs relying on fundamental TM modes.","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77577236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We demonstrate a single-shot terahertz spectrometer consisting of a modified Mach-Zehnder interferometer and a microbolometer focal plane array. The spectrometer is simple to use and can measure terahertz field autocorrelations and spectral power with no moving parts and no ultrashort-pulsed laser. It can effectively detect radiation at 10$sim$40 THz when tested with a thermal source. It can be also used to measure the complex refractive index of a sample material. In principle, it can characterize both laser-based and non-laser-based terahertz sources and potentially cover 1$sim$10 THz with specially-designed terahertz microbolometers.
{"title":"Single-shot terahertz spectrometer using a microbolometer camera","authors":"D. Jang, Hanran Jin, Ki-Yong Kim","doi":"10.1063/5.0016509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0016509","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate a single-shot terahertz spectrometer consisting of a modified Mach-Zehnder interferometer and a microbolometer focal plane array. The spectrometer is simple to use and can measure terahertz field autocorrelations and spectral power with no moving parts and no ultrashort-pulsed laser. It can effectively detect radiation at 10$sim$40 THz when tested with a thermal source. It can be also used to measure the complex refractive index of a sample material. In principle, it can characterize both laser-based and non-laser-based terahertz sources and potentially cover 1$sim$10 THz with specially-designed terahertz microbolometers.","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"41 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90005542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-28DOI: 10.26434/chemrxiv.12479837
P. Thapa, N. Byrnes, A. A. Denisenko, F. Foss, Jr., B. Jones, J. X. Mao, K. Nam, C. Newhouse, D. Nygren, A. McDonald, T. T. Vuong, K. Woodruff
Single molecule fluorescence detection of barium is investigated for enhancing the sensitivity and robustness of a neutrinoless double beta decay ($0nubetabeta$) search in $^{136}$Xe, the discovery of which would alter our understanding of the nature of neutrinos and the early history of the Universe. A key developmental step is the synthesis of barium-selective chemosensors capable of incorporation into ongoing experiments in high-pressure $^{136}$Xe gas. Here we report turn-on fluorescent naphthalimide chemosensors containing monoaza- and diaza-crown ethers as agents for single Ba$^{2+}$ detection. Monoaza-18-crown-6 ether naphthalimide sensors showed sensitivity primarily to Ba$^{2+}$ and Hg$^{2+}$, whereas two diaza-18-crown-6 ether naphthalimides revealed a desirable selectivity toward Ba$^{2+}$. Solution-phase fluorescence and NMR experiments support a photoinduced electron transfer mechanism enabling turn-on fluorescence sensing in the presence of barium ions. Changes in ion-receptor interactions enable effective selectivity between competitive barium, mercury, and potassium ions, with detailed calculations correctly predicting fluorescence responses. With these molecules, dry-phase single Ba$^{2+}$ ion imaging with turn-on fluorescence is realized using oil-free microscopy techniques. This represents a significant advance toward a practical method of single Ba$^{2+}$ detection within large volumes of $^{136}$Xe, plausibly enabling a background-free technique to search for the hypothetical process of $0nubetabeta$.
{"title":"Barium Selective Chemosensing by Diazacrown Ether Naphthalimide Turn-on Fluorophores for Single Ion Barium Tagging","authors":"P. Thapa, N. Byrnes, A. A. Denisenko, F. Foss, Jr., B. Jones, J. X. Mao, K. Nam, C. Newhouse, D. Nygren, A. McDonald, T. T. Vuong, K. Woodruff","doi":"10.26434/chemrxiv.12479837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.12479837","url":null,"abstract":"Single molecule fluorescence detection of barium is investigated for enhancing the sensitivity and robustness of a neutrinoless double beta decay ($0nubetabeta$) search in $^{136}$Xe, the discovery of which would alter our understanding of the nature of neutrinos and the early history of the Universe. A key developmental step is the synthesis of barium-selective chemosensors capable of incorporation into ongoing experiments in high-pressure $^{136}$Xe gas. Here we report turn-on fluorescent naphthalimide chemosensors containing monoaza- and diaza-crown ethers as agents for single Ba$^{2+}$ detection. Monoaza-18-crown-6 ether naphthalimide sensors showed sensitivity primarily to Ba$^{2+}$ and Hg$^{2+}$, whereas two diaza-18-crown-6 ether naphthalimides revealed a desirable selectivity toward Ba$^{2+}$. Solution-phase fluorescence and NMR experiments support a photoinduced electron transfer mechanism enabling turn-on fluorescence sensing in the presence of barium ions. Changes in ion-receptor interactions enable effective selectivity between competitive barium, mercury, and potassium ions, with detailed calculations correctly predicting fluorescence responses. With these molecules, dry-phase single Ba$^{2+}$ ion imaging with turn-on fluorescence is realized using oil-free microscopy techniques. This represents a significant advance toward a practical method of single Ba$^{2+}$ detection within large volumes of $^{136}$Xe, plausibly enabling a background-free technique to search for the hypothetical process of $0nubetabeta$.","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81169014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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