V. Župunski, R. Jevtić, L. Brbaklić, M. Mirosavljević, S. Mikić
In the past 40 years, the causal agent of yellow rust in barley, Psh (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei Erikss), has been registered worldwide. However, it has caused the greatest damage in areas with cold and humid climates, where yield losses reached up to 70%. Races of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), the causal agent of yellow rust in wheat, are usually not found in barley, and those that infect barley (Psh) are rarely virulent on wheat. However, there are barley genotypes that can be infected by certain Pst races. The causal agent of yellow rust in triticale (Pst) leads to significant yield losses and quality reduction in triticale. It is important to note that the Pst races (Warrior and Kranich), which have caused enormous wheat yield losses in Europe since 2011, have also been registered on triticale. The aggressive race of triticale (since 2006) and the Warrior and Kranich races (since 2011) have become prevalent over large areas of Europe within one or only a few years. Despite the occurrence of yellow rust on wheat in Serbia in previous years, it has not been registered on barley and triticale. This is the first report of yellow rust on barley and triticale in Serbia.
{"title":"First report of yellow rust on barley and triticale in Serbia","authors":"V. Župunski, R. Jevtić, L. Brbaklić, M. Mirosavljević, S. Mikić","doi":"10.5937/biljlek2304576z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/biljlek2304576z","url":null,"abstract":"In the past 40 years, the causal agent of yellow rust in barley, Psh (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei Erikss), has been registered worldwide. However, it has caused the greatest damage in areas with cold and humid climates, where yield losses reached up to 70%. Races of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), the causal agent of yellow rust in wheat, are usually not found in barley, and those that infect barley (Psh) are rarely virulent on wheat. However, there are barley genotypes that can be infected by certain Pst races. The causal agent of yellow rust in triticale (Pst) leads to significant yield losses and quality reduction in triticale. It is important to note that the Pst races (Warrior and Kranich), which have caused enormous wheat yield losses in Europe since 2011, have also been registered on triticale. The aggressive race of triticale (since 2006) and the Warrior and Kranich races (since 2011) have become prevalent over large areas of Europe within one or only a few years. Despite the occurrence of yellow rust on wheat in Serbia in previous years, it has not been registered on barley and triticale. This is the first report of yellow rust on barley and triticale in Serbia.","PeriodicalId":8829,"journal":{"name":"Biljni lekar","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86684143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mulching is an agrotechnical measure often used in orchards and it means covering the soil with the organic or inorganic material in order to prevent the germination of the weeds. The other positive effects imply: the improvement of the physical and chemical soil characteristics, decrease of soil erosion and water loss, the prevention of the soil crusting, etc. The research of the weed seed bank under the different types of mulch was conducted during the growing season of 2021. in a plum orchard located at Rimski Šančevi. The black and white agrotextile and white mulch film, unlike the other mulches, left the surfaces clean, without the weeds. The analysis of the weed seed bank revealed the seeds of 20 weed species, of which 12 were not found to be present in the orchard during the experimental year. The overall germination rate of the obtained weed seeds is low because in the three-year experiment with mulches, there was no influx of new weed seeds for several years, while the old ones lost their germination. The highest germination percentage was noted for the seeds of the following species: Amaranthus retroflexus, Stellaria media and Solanum nigrum, due to their ability to retain germination for a long period of time. The highest number of the seeds per m2 was found in the inter-row space due to the large influx of the seeds during the growing season. The highest germination rate was observed in case of the seeds found under the sawdust mulch. None of the ungerminated seeds showed the viability, as determined by the Crush test.
{"title":"The influence of different types of perennial mulch on the weed seed bank in an orchard","authors":"Milena Popov, Bojan Konstantinović, Biserka Milić, Nataša Samardžić, Gordana Barać, Tijana Stojanović","doi":"10.5937/biljlek2305690p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/biljlek2305690p","url":null,"abstract":"Mulching is an agrotechnical measure often used in orchards and it means covering the soil with the organic or inorganic material in order to prevent the germination of the weeds. The other positive effects imply: the improvement of the physical and chemical soil characteristics, decrease of soil erosion and water loss, the prevention of the soil crusting, etc. The research of the weed seed bank under the different types of mulch was conducted during the growing season of 2021. in a plum orchard located at Rimski Šančevi. The black and white agrotextile and white mulch film, unlike the other mulches, left the surfaces clean, without the weeds. The analysis of the weed seed bank revealed the seeds of 20 weed species, of which 12 were not found to be present in the orchard during the experimental year. The overall germination rate of the obtained weed seeds is low because in the three-year experiment with mulches, there was no influx of new weed seeds for several years, while the old ones lost their germination. The highest germination percentage was noted for the seeds of the following species: Amaranthus retroflexus, Stellaria media and Solanum nigrum, due to their ability to retain germination for a long period of time. The highest number of the seeds per m2 was found in the inter-row space due to the large influx of the seeds during the growing season. The highest germination rate was observed in case of the seeds found under the sawdust mulch. None of the ungerminated seeds showed the viability, as determined by the Crush test.","PeriodicalId":8829,"journal":{"name":"Biljni lekar","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135611942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The harmful consequences of the use of plant protection products (PPP) on humans, flora and fauna, and the environment have led to the need to control it through a series of conventions and programs that prohibit the use of some of the agents, while others only limit their use. PPP pose a special danger to people who frequently apply them and who are in direct contact with them during application. For this reason, methods of protection are prescribed, which practically boil down to the mandatory use of personal protective equipment as well asinstructinos on the safe handling of PPP. However, the implementation of protection measures is difficult to implement everywhere in the world. The paper presents the views and opinions of 101 farmers about the dangers of PPP and the way they use personal protective equipment when working with them. The data was obtained through an anonymous survey, and the survey was closed type and contained 15 questions.
{"title":"Research into farmers' view towards personal protective equipment when working with plant protection products","authors":"Dušan Gavanski, Vesna Petrović","doi":"10.5937/biljlek2305710g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/biljlek2305710g","url":null,"abstract":"The harmful consequences of the use of plant protection products (PPP) on humans, flora and fauna, and the environment have led to the need to control it through a series of conventions and programs that prohibit the use of some of the agents, while others only limit their use. PPP pose a special danger to people who frequently apply them and who are in direct contact with them during application. For this reason, methods of protection are prescribed, which practically boil down to the mandatory use of personal protective equipment as well asinstructinos on the safe handling of PPP. However, the implementation of protection measures is difficult to implement everywhere in the world. The paper presents the views and opinions of 101 farmers about the dangers of PPP and the way they use personal protective equipment when working with them. The data was obtained through an anonymous survey, and the survey was closed type and contained 15 questions.","PeriodicalId":8829,"journal":{"name":"Biljni lekar","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135612083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Jevtić, V. Župunski, B. Jocković, S. Ilin, B. Orbović
The causal agent of yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici) gained special attention in Serbia since the 2013/2014 production year, although its presence in the genetic collection at Rimski šančevi was noted by Jevtić et al. as early as 1997. Considering the mode of transmission of the yellow rust and its high ability to overcome host plant resistance, the aim of this study is to highlight the factors that influence the dynamics of its occurrence and the main challenges in controlling this pathogen in Serbia. The climatic factors in 2023 favored occurrence of wheat yellow rust in Serbia, similar to 2014, 2016, and 2018. However, it should be noted that the race composition of this pathogen can change from year to year, and the susceptibility and/or resistance of wheat genotypes to yellow rust depends on the combined effect of abiotic and biotic stressors. The complexity of factors influencing the level of susceptibility or resistance breakdown in wheat towards yellow rust has also been confirmed in the genetic collection at Rimski šančevi in 2023 when a significantly higher number of genotypes (80%) were infected with yellow rust compared to previous years, with a disease index exceeding 41%. The percentage of genotypes showing susceptibility reaction to yellow rust (DI>41%) was 47.7% in 2016 and 43% in 2018.
{"title":"Yellow rust of wheat in Serbia: Control challenges and perspectives","authors":"R. Jevtić, V. Župunski, B. Jocković, S. Ilin, B. Orbović","doi":"10.5937/biljlek2304565j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/biljlek2304565j","url":null,"abstract":"The causal agent of yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici) gained special attention in Serbia since the 2013/2014 production year, although its presence in the genetic collection at Rimski šančevi was noted by Jevtić et al. as early as 1997. Considering the mode of transmission of the yellow rust and its high ability to overcome host plant resistance, the aim of this study is to highlight the factors that influence the dynamics of its occurrence and the main challenges in controlling this pathogen in Serbia. The climatic factors in 2023 favored occurrence of wheat yellow rust in Serbia, similar to 2014, 2016, and 2018. However, it should be noted that the race composition of this pathogen can change from year to year, and the susceptibility and/or resistance of wheat genotypes to yellow rust depends on the combined effect of abiotic and biotic stressors. The complexity of factors influencing the level of susceptibility or resistance breakdown in wheat towards yellow rust has also been confirmed in the genetic collection at Rimski šančevi in 2023 when a significantly higher number of genotypes (80%) were infected with yellow rust compared to previous years, with a disease index exceeding 41%. The percentage of genotypes showing susceptibility reaction to yellow rust (DI>41%) was 47.7% in 2016 and 43% in 2018.","PeriodicalId":8829,"journal":{"name":"Biljni lekar","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85377842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Una-Sana Canton (the northwest part of Bosnia and Herzegovina) abounds in large forest areas, where the self-sown sweet chestnuts Castanea sativa Mill. grow. However, the plant has been endangered due to the negative effects of disease-causing agents, harmful insects, and human factors (uncontrolled forest logging). Moreover, the chestnut weevil Curculio elephas causes significant damage to the local chestnut fruit. This study aims to analyze the emergence of the pest and the damage which it produces in the forest areas of the northwestern Bosnia and Herzegovina, precisely in Una-Sana Canton. The presence of the chestnut weevil has been examined on samples taken from 15 locations in chestnut forest in the municipalities of Cazin, Velika Kladuša and Bužim. In order to research this phenomenon more precisely, each fruit has been cut, the larvae have been separated from it and damage in the inner part of the fruit has been observed. The number of larvae has been noted per a sample. With respect to each sample, the mass of healthy and damaged part of the fruit has been measured. The number of larvae ranges from 5 to 15 per sample. The percentage of damaged fruit parts ranges from 4,2% to 13,6%. The reason for the increased presence of the chestnut weevil in the analyzed chestnut forest is in addition to the beneficial chemical composition of the fruit and the late detection of the presence of insect existing in severely large populations. The use of chemical preparations (pesticides) as a solution to this issue is ecologically unacceptable, especially in a larger area. It is mandatory to manually collect all the fruit that fells of the chestnut trees prematurely and, moreover, to stop the further development of the larvae. Considerable results can also be achieved by separating individual chestnut stands and changing the purpose of its use, as well as combining the method with the limited use of pesticides.
{"title":"Chestnut weevil Curculio elephas (Gyll.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Una-Sana canton (B&H)","authors":"Z. Delalić","doi":"10.5937/biljlek2303478d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/biljlek2303478d","url":null,"abstract":"The Una-Sana Canton (the northwest part of Bosnia and Herzegovina) abounds in large forest areas, where the self-sown sweet chestnuts Castanea sativa Mill. grow. However, the plant has been endangered due to the negative effects of disease-causing agents, harmful insects, and human factors (uncontrolled forest logging). Moreover, the chestnut weevil Curculio elephas causes significant damage to the local chestnut fruit. This study aims to analyze the emergence of the pest and the damage which it produces in the forest areas of the northwestern Bosnia and Herzegovina, precisely in Una-Sana Canton. The presence of the chestnut weevil has been examined on samples taken from 15 locations in chestnut forest in the municipalities of Cazin, Velika Kladuša and Bužim. In order to research this phenomenon more precisely, each fruit has been cut, the larvae have been separated from it and damage in the inner part of the fruit has been observed. The number of larvae has been noted per a sample. With respect to each sample, the mass of healthy and damaged part of the fruit has been measured. The number of larvae ranges from 5 to 15 per sample. The percentage of damaged fruit parts ranges from 4,2% to 13,6%. The reason for the increased presence of the chestnut weevil in the analyzed chestnut forest is in addition to the beneficial chemical composition of the fruit and the late detection of the presence of insect existing in severely large populations. The use of chemical preparations (pesticides) as a solution to this issue is ecologically unacceptable, especially in a larger area. It is mandatory to manually collect all the fruit that fells of the chestnut trees prematurely and, moreover, to stop the further development of the larvae. Considerable results can also be achieved by separating individual chestnut stands and changing the purpose of its use, as well as combining the method with the limited use of pesticides.","PeriodicalId":8829,"journal":{"name":"Biljni lekar","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83921468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Magnaporthe oryzae (anamorph Pyricularia oryzae) is the causal agent of wheat blast. Apart from being a pathogen of commercially significant plant species, it also infects weeds. Within the species M. oryzae, several pathotypes exist, with the pathotype Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum (MoT) infecting wheat and several other grass species. M. oryzae was first discovered in Brazil in 1985 and has since posed a threat to wheat production in various parts of the world, including Bangladesh and European Union countries. The MoT pathogen can infect all above-ground parts of the plant, but the most common symptoms appear on the ears and closely resemble symptoms of fusarium head blight. During the 2022/2023 growing season, precipitation levels in April and May at the Rimski šančevi exceeded seventeen-year averages, while the temperature in May was within the multi-year average range. These conditions created a favorable environment for the emergence of M. oryzae. Microscopic examination of infected ears revealed the presence of conidia from the asexual generation of Pyricularia oryzae. Considering that MoT is not classified as a quarantine pathogen in many EU countries, this study highlights the risk of the presence of M. oryzae in Serbia, as well as the importance of monitoring the occurrence of M. oryzae in weeds, grasses, and cereal grains to take timely action in protecting crops from this pathogen.
{"title":"Causal agent of wheat blast (Magnaporthe oryzae): Occurrence and risks for wheat production in Serbia","authors":"Radivoje Jevtić, Vesna Župunski","doi":"10.5937/biljlek2305645j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/biljlek2305645j","url":null,"abstract":"Magnaporthe oryzae (anamorph Pyricularia oryzae) is the causal agent of wheat blast. Apart from being a pathogen of commercially significant plant species, it also infects weeds. Within the species M. oryzae, several pathotypes exist, with the pathotype Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum (MoT) infecting wheat and several other grass species. M. oryzae was first discovered in Brazil in 1985 and has since posed a threat to wheat production in various parts of the world, including Bangladesh and European Union countries. The MoT pathogen can infect all above-ground parts of the plant, but the most common symptoms appear on the ears and closely resemble symptoms of fusarium head blight. During the 2022/2023 growing season, precipitation levels in April and May at the Rimski šančevi exceeded seventeen-year averages, while the temperature in May was within the multi-year average range. These conditions created a favorable environment for the emergence of M. oryzae. Microscopic examination of infected ears revealed the presence of conidia from the asexual generation of Pyricularia oryzae. Considering that MoT is not classified as a quarantine pathogen in many EU countries, this study highlights the risk of the presence of M. oryzae in Serbia, as well as the importance of monitoring the occurrence of M. oryzae in weeds, grasses, and cereal grains to take timely action in protecting crops from this pathogen.","PeriodicalId":8829,"journal":{"name":"Biljni lekar","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135611258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Moths Helicoverpa armigera and Autographa gamma appeared regularly each year in Bačka district (Serbia). When their numbers increase, the caterpillars do great damage to cultivated and ornamental plants. Monitoring of the dynamics of butterfly flight was performed using a light trap type RO Agrobečej in Sombor and Čelarevo. Monitoring of egg laying and the appearance of caterpillars was performed by visual inspections of cultivated plants. The paper describes the dynamics of the occurrence of these species during 2019, 2020 and 2021. During 2021, butterflies of both species reached a high number in Bačka. Their caterpillars had to be controlled in crops: corn, peppers, tomatoes, soybeans, green beans, sunflowers, cabbage, carrots, hazelnuts, but also other cultivated plants. Suppression signals were regularly announced at www.agroupozorenje.rs.
{"title":"Appearance analysis of two noctuid moths 'Helicoverpa armigera' Hbn. & 'Autographa gamma' L. during 2019, 2020 and 2021 in Bačka district","authors":"D. Vajgand","doi":"10.5937/biljlek2201029v","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/biljlek2201029v","url":null,"abstract":"Moths Helicoverpa armigera and Autographa gamma appeared regularly each year in Bačka district (Serbia). When their numbers increase, the caterpillars do great damage to cultivated and ornamental plants. Monitoring of the dynamics of butterfly flight was performed using a light trap type RO Agrobečej in Sombor and Čelarevo. Monitoring of egg laying and the appearance of caterpillars was performed by visual inspections of cultivated plants. The paper describes the dynamics of the occurrence of these species during 2019, 2020 and 2021. During 2021, butterflies of both species reached a high number in Bačka. Their caterpillars had to be controlled in crops: corn, peppers, tomatoes, soybeans, green beans, sunflowers, cabbage, carrots, hazelnuts, but also other cultivated plants. Suppression signals were regularly announced at www.agroupozorenje.rs.","PeriodicalId":8829,"journal":{"name":"Biljni lekar","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78419509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bacterial diseases of apple are less numerous compared to fungal diseases, but under favorable conditions they can cause enormous damage. This is especially true for fire blight of apple, which can, in some years, cause complete tree death of sensitive cultivars. Fire blight has been present in Serbia for more than 30 years. Growing sensitive apple cultivars and lack of effective bactericides caused the disease to spread in a relatively short time in most of the apple fruit producing regions. Additional troublesome event for producers in Serbia is the ban on the use of antibiotics in plant protection. In addition to fire blight, this paper also describes other bacterial diseases of apple, such as crown gall, caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Rhizobium rhizogenes, and bacterial dieback and canker of fruit trees, caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. The aim of this paper is to provide the knowledge on the most important bacterial diseases of apple, their importance in apple production, epidemiology and disease symptoms, as well as protection measures in order to reduce the damage they cause.
{"title":"Bacterial diseases of apple","authors":"M. Ivanović, M. Šević, A. Obradović","doi":"10.5937/biljlek2206493i","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/biljlek2206493i","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial diseases of apple are less numerous compared to fungal diseases, but under favorable conditions they can cause enormous damage. This is especially true for fire blight of apple, which can, in some years, cause complete tree death of sensitive cultivars. Fire blight has been present in Serbia for more than 30 years. Growing sensitive apple cultivars and lack of effective bactericides caused the disease to spread in a relatively short time in most of the apple fruit producing regions. Additional troublesome event for producers in Serbia is the ban on the use of antibiotics in plant protection. In addition to fire blight, this paper also describes other bacterial diseases of apple, such as crown gall, caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Rhizobium rhizogenes, and bacterial dieback and canker of fruit trees, caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. The aim of this paper is to provide the knowledge on the most important bacterial diseases of apple, their importance in apple production, epidemiology and disease symptoms, as well as protection measures in order to reduce the damage they cause.","PeriodicalId":8829,"journal":{"name":"Biljni lekar","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79233054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Martina Kadoić-Balaško, D. Lemić, R. Bažok, Ivana Pajač-Živković
Codling moth is the most important pest in apple production worldwide. The pest has developed resistance to several chemical groups of insecticides, which makes its control much more difficult. Therefore, special attention is being paid to environmentally friendly protective measures, and research is also being conducted on innovative methods to monitor this important pest. In this review, a cross-section of research on codling moth in Croatia was made. The results of research on alternative control methods are presented, as well as methods for monitoring and early detection of resistant populations. Regular monitoring of resistant populations is necessary for early detection of resistant populations and allows timely application of resistance control strategies and successful control of this important pest.
{"title":"Codling moth research in Croatia","authors":"Martina Kadoić-Balaško, D. Lemić, R. Bažok, Ivana Pajač-Živković","doi":"10.5937/biljlek2206553k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/biljlek2206553k","url":null,"abstract":"Codling moth is the most important pest in apple production worldwide. The pest has developed resistance to several chemical groups of insecticides, which makes its control much more difficult. Therefore, special attention is being paid to environmentally friendly protective measures, and research is also being conducted on innovative methods to monitor this important pest. In this review, a cross-section of research on codling moth in Croatia was made. The results of research on alternative control methods are presented, as well as methods for monitoring and early detection of resistant populations. Regular monitoring of resistant populations is necessary for early detection of resistant populations and allows timely application of resistance control strategies and successful control of this important pest.","PeriodicalId":8829,"journal":{"name":"Biljni lekar","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83557957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vegetable production is one the most intensive and profitable parts of agricultural production, which is manifested in the level of yield per area unit, output, net profit and participation of human work. During the vegetation period, vegetable plants are exposed to the attack of numerous harmful organisms (pests, diseases, weeds, etc.) that can completely compromise vegetable production. Except of insects, which make up the most numerous group of pests, vegetables are damaged by mites, nematodes, snails, rodents and birds. The insects species from different orders: Hemiptera, Thysanoptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Diptera, damage above organs and underground parts of vegetable plants, often causing their complete decay, especially if the number of species has increased. In order to preserve the environmental conservation and human health, it is necessary to apply the concept of integrated pest control, which includes the application of chemical measures only when necessary, in a way that preserves natural enemies and pollutes the environment as little as possible. In this regard, the aim is to find different methods and ways of growing vegetables to reduce pest infestation, where mixed cropping or consociations of different vegetables and vegetables together with medicinal plants has many advantages. The most important of that is less exposure and reduced pest attack due to the positive interaction of cultivated plants.
{"title":"The importance mixed cropping vegetable plants in the protection from pests","authors":"Dejana Stanić","doi":"10.5937/biljlek2205363s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/biljlek2205363s","url":null,"abstract":"Vegetable production is one the most intensive and profitable parts of agricultural production, which is manifested in the level of yield per area unit, output, net profit and participation of human work. During the vegetation period, vegetable plants are exposed to the attack of numerous harmful organisms (pests, diseases, weeds, etc.) that can completely compromise vegetable production. Except of insects, which make up the most numerous group of pests, vegetables are damaged by mites, nematodes, snails, rodents and birds. The insects species from different orders: Hemiptera, Thysanoptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Diptera, damage above organs and underground parts of vegetable plants, often causing their complete decay, especially if the number of species has increased. In order to preserve the environmental conservation and human health, it is necessary to apply the concept of integrated pest control, which includes the application of chemical measures only when necessary, in a way that preserves natural enemies and pollutes the environment as little as possible. In this regard, the aim is to find different methods and ways of growing vegetables to reduce pest infestation, where mixed cropping or consociations of different vegetables and vegetables together with medicinal plants has many advantages. The most important of that is less exposure and reduced pest attack due to the positive interaction of cultivated plants.","PeriodicalId":8829,"journal":{"name":"Biljni lekar","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90230951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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