B. Konstantinović, N. Samardžić, M. Popov, M. Petrović, T. Stojanović
The growth regulators can affect many physiological and biochemical processes in plants, either by stimulation or by inhibition of particular processes, resulting in the changes in the synthesis of physiologically active substances or in the morphological traits of plants or fruits. The efficacy assessment of the growth regulator with prohexadione-calcium as the active ingredient (Product name Professon) on the length of the apple shoots was carried out during vegetative season of 2022 on four localities according to the OEPP/EPPO methods. The product Professon was applied in the recommended application rate of 1.25+1.25 kg/ha when the shoots were in the intensive growth stage. During vegetation 4 assessments were made by measuring 100 shoots on 10 trees. The lengths of the shoots were compared with the ones of the untreated apple trees. Also, the phytotoxic application rate was studied at all the localities. As a result, after the harvest, it was determined that the growth regulator Professon reduced the length of the shoots for 40.57-70.25% compared with the control, depending the apple variety.
{"title":"The application of growth regulators in apple orchard","authors":"B. Konstantinović, N. Samardžić, M. Popov, M. Petrović, T. Stojanović","doi":"10.5937/biljlek2206613k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/biljlek2206613k","url":null,"abstract":"The growth regulators can affect many physiological and biochemical processes in plants, either by stimulation or by inhibition of particular processes, resulting in the changes in the synthesis of physiologically active substances or in the morphological traits of plants or fruits. The efficacy assessment of the growth regulator with prohexadione-calcium as the active ingredient (Product name Professon) on the length of the apple shoots was carried out during vegetative season of 2022 on four localities according to the OEPP/EPPO methods. The product Professon was applied in the recommended application rate of 1.25+1.25 kg/ha when the shoots were in the intensive growth stage. During vegetation 4 assessments were made by measuring 100 shoots on 10 trees. The lengths of the shoots were compared with the ones of the untreated apple trees. Also, the phytotoxic application rate was studied at all the localities. As a result, after the harvest, it was determined that the growth regulator Professon reduced the length of the shoots for 40.57-70.25% compared with the control, depending the apple variety.","PeriodicalId":8829,"journal":{"name":"Biljni lekar","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84067000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Petreš, M. Grahovac, D. Budakov, V. Stojsin, Marta Loc, T. Dudaš, Nataša Došen
Apple is one of the most important fruit species, very important in human nutrition, both fresh and as a raw material in the food industry. Apple scab is the most economically significant apple disease worldwide and it is the biggest problem in apple production. Knowledge of the life cycle is of key importance for disease forecasting and control. Forecasting based on the Mills table is still an irreplaceable approach in the forecasting of apple scab occurrence. Control of this pathogen relies mostly on the use of synthetic fungicides, however, a major problem is the emerging resistance of V. inaequalis to the most important fungicides. In recent decades, breeding programs have detected genes for resistance and created many resistant and tolerant varieties, which significantly facilitates apple production and protection. It is necessary to find new ways to control apple scab, especially biological agents and antagonists in order to simplify protection, reduce production costs and preserve the environment, i.e. to make apple production sustainable.
{"title":"The causal agent of apple scab (Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) Winter)","authors":"M. Petreš, M. Grahovac, D. Budakov, V. Stojsin, Marta Loc, T. Dudaš, Nataša Došen","doi":"10.5937/biljlek2206427p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/biljlek2206427p","url":null,"abstract":"Apple is one of the most important fruit species, very important in human nutrition, both fresh and as a raw material in the food industry. Apple scab is the most economically significant apple disease worldwide and it is the biggest problem in apple production. Knowledge of the life cycle is of key importance for disease forecasting and control. Forecasting based on the Mills table is still an irreplaceable approach in the forecasting of apple scab occurrence. Control of this pathogen relies mostly on the use of synthetic fungicides, however, a major problem is the emerging resistance of V. inaequalis to the most important fungicides. In recent decades, breeding programs have detected genes for resistance and created many resistant and tolerant varieties, which significantly facilitates apple production and protection. It is necessary to find new ways to control apple scab, especially biological agents and antagonists in order to simplify protection, reduce production costs and preserve the environment, i.e. to make apple production sustainable.","PeriodicalId":8829,"journal":{"name":"Biljni lekar","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79394196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cereals, especially wheat, have been staple food in Serbia and on the Balkan Peninsula since the Neolithic age. Heterodera avenae is one of three main species of the Cereal Cyst Nematode complex. In our country, the oat cyst nematode dates back from the '60s of the XX century. The nematode has been molecularly characterized and so far, it is the only representative from the Balkans in the NCBI GenBank. This paper describes phylogenetic relationships between our population of H. avenae and other similar foreign populations. On the basis of phylogeography of host-parasite interaction, in the light of molecular data, the possible centers of origin of oats, i.e., oat domestication are also discussed.
{"title":"Phylogeography of oat cyst nematode: Heterodera avenae","authors":"V. Oro","doi":"10.5937/biljlek2201006o","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/biljlek2201006o","url":null,"abstract":"Cereals, especially wheat, have been staple food in Serbia and on the Balkan Peninsula since the Neolithic age. Heterodera avenae is one of three main species of the Cereal Cyst Nematode complex. In our country, the oat cyst nematode dates back from the '60s of the XX century. The nematode has been molecularly characterized and so far, it is the only representative from the Balkans in the NCBI GenBank. This paper describes phylogenetic relationships between our population of H. avenae and other similar foreign populations. On the basis of phylogeography of host-parasite interaction, in the light of molecular data, the possible centers of origin of oats, i.e., oat domestication are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":8829,"journal":{"name":"Biljni lekar","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74119578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Danijela Šikuljak, A. Anđelković, S. Janković, D. Marisavljević, Sanja Đurović, S. Vrbničanin
Floristic composition of the weed community in apple orchards differs, depending on the type of management - extensive or intensive. In extensive orchards, weedy-ruderal-grassland species are dominant. On the other hands, in intensive orchards the inter-row can be dominated by annual (therophyte) weed species, if mechanically cultivated, or grass species, if grasses are used as cover crops, while the rows are dominated by perennial weed species (geophytes, hemicryptophytes). The floristic composition of the weed communities is also dependent on the age of the orchard. In younger orchards row crop weeds are dominant, while as the orchard ages, the community gets a more weedy-ruderal-grassland character. The most common weed species in apple orchards in Serbia are: Amaranthus retroflexus, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Chenopodium album, Convolvulus arvensis, Carduus acanthoides, Cynodon dactylon, Erigeron canadensis, Hordeum murinum, Lamium purpureum, L. amplexicaule, Medicago lupulina, Setaria spp., Stellaria media, Stenactis annua, Sonchus arvensis, Taraxacum officinale, Veronica spp. and Vicia spp. Weed control in apple orchards can be done using agrotechnical (soil cultivation), physical (mowing, mulching), thermic, chemical, biological measures, and by growing cover crops. In practice, weed control in apple orchards is dominantly done by herbicides, based on the following active substances: napropamide, glyphosate, 2.4D, flazasulfuron, flurochloridone, cycloxydim, fluazifop-p-butyl, clethodim, diquat, fluroxypyr-meptyl, and pyraflufen-ethyl. Given that nowadays the production of healthy and safe food is an imperative, also demanded by the international market, it is expected that bioproducts will be prioritized over classical synthetic herbicides. Moreover, non-chemical measures are also becoming more important as part of integral weed control measures of weeds in apple orchards.
{"title":"Weeds in apple orchards and their control","authors":"Danijela Šikuljak, A. Anđelković, S. Janković, D. Marisavljević, Sanja Đurović, S. Vrbničanin","doi":"10.5937/biljlek2206601s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/biljlek2206601s","url":null,"abstract":"Floristic composition of the weed community in apple orchards differs, depending on the type of management - extensive or intensive. In extensive orchards, weedy-ruderal-grassland species are dominant. On the other hands, in intensive orchards the inter-row can be dominated by annual (therophyte) weed species, if mechanically cultivated, or grass species, if grasses are used as cover crops, while the rows are dominated by perennial weed species (geophytes, hemicryptophytes). The floristic composition of the weed communities is also dependent on the age of the orchard. In younger orchards row crop weeds are dominant, while as the orchard ages, the community gets a more weedy-ruderal-grassland character. The most common weed species in apple orchards in Serbia are: Amaranthus retroflexus, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Chenopodium album, Convolvulus arvensis, Carduus acanthoides, Cynodon dactylon, Erigeron canadensis, Hordeum murinum, Lamium purpureum, L. amplexicaule, Medicago lupulina, Setaria spp., Stellaria media, Stenactis annua, Sonchus arvensis, Taraxacum officinale, Veronica spp. and Vicia spp. Weed control in apple orchards can be done using agrotechnical (soil cultivation), physical (mowing, mulching), thermic, chemical, biological measures, and by growing cover crops. In practice, weed control in apple orchards is dominantly done by herbicides, based on the following active substances: napropamide, glyphosate, 2.4D, flazasulfuron, flurochloridone, cycloxydim, fluazifop-p-butyl, clethodim, diquat, fluroxypyr-meptyl, and pyraflufen-ethyl. Given that nowadays the production of healthy and safe food is an imperative, also demanded by the international market, it is expected that bioproducts will be prioritized over classical synthetic herbicides. Moreover, non-chemical measures are also becoming more important as part of integral weed control measures of weeds in apple orchards.","PeriodicalId":8829,"journal":{"name":"Biljni lekar","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78214670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matija Milković, M. Stanković, Tatjana Gogić, Sara Rodić, A. Konjević
So far, the confirmed host plants of the ragweed leaf beetle in Serbia belonged to the genus Ambrosia (Ambrosia artemisifolia, A. trifida). At one locality Tošin bunar (Bežanija, Belgrade, Serbia) the first case of Ophraella communa adults feeding on leaves of Xanthium strumarium and Helianthus decapetalus was recorded in Serbia. The number of specimens of O. communa on H. decapetalus was ranging between 1 and 18 specimens per plant, while on X. strumarium it was up to 10 adult specimens. While the plants of ragweed had up to 100% damaged leaves, the leaves of X. strumarium and H. decapetalus had leaf damage less than 10-15% per plant. Considering our findings of the insect feeding on spontaneous allochthonous plant species H. decapetalus, seasonal monitoring of O. communa is recommended especially in the fields where the sunflower (Helianthus annus) is widely cultivated. Monitoring of O. communa on the other plant species of Astereae, especially on allochthonous species originating from North America which share the same natural habitats with the ragweed leaf beetle is also recommended.
{"title":"The first record on Xanthium strumarium and Helianthus decapetalus as host plants of ragweed leaf beetle (Ophraella communa L.) in Serbia","authors":"Matija Milković, M. Stanković, Tatjana Gogić, Sara Rodić, A. Konjević","doi":"10.5937/biljlek2201040m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/biljlek2201040m","url":null,"abstract":"So far, the confirmed host plants of the ragweed leaf beetle in Serbia belonged to the genus Ambrosia (Ambrosia artemisifolia, A. trifida). At one locality Tošin bunar (Bežanija, Belgrade, Serbia) the first case of Ophraella communa adults feeding on leaves of Xanthium strumarium and Helianthus decapetalus was recorded in Serbia. The number of specimens of O. communa on H. decapetalus was ranging between 1 and 18 specimens per plant, while on X. strumarium it was up to 10 adult specimens. While the plants of ragweed had up to 100% damaged leaves, the leaves of X. strumarium and H. decapetalus had leaf damage less than 10-15% per plant. Considering our findings of the insect feeding on spontaneous allochthonous plant species H. decapetalus, seasonal monitoring of O. communa is recommended especially in the fields where the sunflower (Helianthus annus) is widely cultivated. Monitoring of O. communa on the other plant species of Astereae, especially on allochthonous species originating from North America which share the same natural habitats with the ragweed leaf beetle is also recommended.","PeriodicalId":8829,"journal":{"name":"Biljni lekar","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83272016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Literature review showed, that the utilization of organic amendments has been proposed to decrease the incidence of plant diseases caused by soilborne pathogens. Biochar can be effective against both soilborne pathogens (e.g. Fusarium spp., Phytophthora spp., Rhizoctonia solani) and airborne (e.g. Botrytis cinerea, different species of powdery mildew). Five different mechanisms have been pro posed to explain biochar disease suppression: (1)-induction of systemic resistance in host plants; (2)enhanced abundance and activities of beneficial microbes, including mycorrhizal fungi; (3)-modification of soil quality in terms of nutrient availability and abiotic conditions such as liming eff ECT; (4)-direct fungitoxic effect of biochar; (5)-sorption of allelopathic, phytotoxic compounds that can directly harm plant roots and thus promote pathogen attacks. Potential side-effects of biochar have been reported, like the possibility of absorbing agrochemicals like herbicides, insecticides and fungicides, thus reducing their efficacy. A lot of investigations on the mechanisms underlying biochar disease suppression, as well as long-term field experiments, are very needed to make biochar a safe, affordable and effective tool for the control of these plant pathogens.
{"title":"The possibility of using biochar in plant protection from pathogens","authors":"Jovana Srđanov","doi":"10.5937/biljlek2205322s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/biljlek2205322s","url":null,"abstract":"Literature review showed, that the utilization of organic amendments has been proposed to decrease the incidence of plant diseases caused by soilborne pathogens. Biochar can be effective against both soilborne pathogens (e.g. Fusarium spp., Phytophthora spp., Rhizoctonia solani) and airborne (e.g. Botrytis cinerea, different species of powdery mildew). Five different mechanisms have been pro posed to explain biochar disease suppression: (1)-induction of systemic resistance in host plants; (2)enhanced abundance and activities of beneficial microbes, including mycorrhizal fungi; (3)-modification of soil quality in terms of nutrient availability and abiotic conditions such as liming eff ECT; (4)-direct fungitoxic effect of biochar; (5)-sorption of allelopathic, phytotoxic compounds that can directly harm plant roots and thus promote pathogen attacks. Potential side-effects of biochar have been reported, like the possibility of absorbing agrochemicals like herbicides, insecticides and fungicides, thus reducing their efficacy. A lot of investigations on the mechanisms underlying biochar disease suppression, as well as long-term field experiments, are very needed to make biochar a safe, affordable and effective tool for the control of these plant pathogens.","PeriodicalId":8829,"journal":{"name":"Biljni lekar","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81599269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wooly apple aphid Eriosoma lanigerum Hausmann, 1802 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a significant pest of apple. Modern agriculture rapidly favors biological protection of plants and the introduction of certain beneficial organisms is becoming an increasingly frequent and promising way to control agricultural pests. In addition, the trend of withdrawing numerous active substances from the market has triggered an increasing interest of the agricultural public for predator, parasitoids and pathogens in the control of E. lanigerum. The parasitic wasp Aphelinus Mali Haldeman, 1851 (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) is considered the most important natural enemy of the wooly apple aphid. Although the application of this parasitic wasp is widely present in the integrated apple production, many studies indicate that the effectiveness of A. Mali is significantly increased when this species is used together with other beneficial insects, primarily with certain predatory species. The latest research indicates the frequent commercial use of predatory species in the control of wooly apple aphid, primarily representatives of the families Syrphidae, Chrysopidae and Coccinellidae. Also, for the successful suppression of the wooly apple aphid, it is very important to determine the optimal strategy that will ensure the successful integration of applied predators and other natural enemies of this pest.
苹果绵蚜(Eriosoma lanigerum Hausmann, 1802)是苹果的重要害虫。现代农业迅速倾向于植物的生物保护，引入某些有益生物正成为控制农业害虫的一种日益频繁和有前途的方法。此外，大量活性物质从市场上撤出的趋势，引发了农业公众对捕食者、拟寄生虫和病原菌控制的日益关注。寄生蜂Aphelinus Mali Haldeman, 1851(膜翅目:寄生蜂科)被认为是绵苹果蚜最重要的天敌。虽然该寄生蜂广泛应用于苹果综合生产，但许多研究表明，当该寄生蜂与其他益虫(主要是某些掠食性昆虫)一起使用时，其效果显著提高。最近的研究表明，在控制绵苹果蚜虫方面，商业上经常使用掠食性物种，主要是蚜科、蚜科和瓢虫科的代表。此外，为了成功地抑制苹果蚜，确定最优的策略是非常重要的，这将确保应用捕食者和其他天敌的成功整合。
{"title":"Natural enemies of wooly apple aphid Eriosoma lanigerum (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in apple production (Malus domestica)","authors":"A. Ivezić, B. Trudić","doi":"10.5937/biljlek2206574i","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/biljlek2206574i","url":null,"abstract":"Wooly apple aphid Eriosoma lanigerum Hausmann, 1802 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a significant pest of apple. Modern agriculture rapidly favors biological protection of plants and the introduction of certain beneficial organisms is becoming an increasingly frequent and promising way to control agricultural pests. In addition, the trend of withdrawing numerous active substances from the market has triggered an increasing interest of the agricultural public for predator, parasitoids and pathogens in the control of E. lanigerum. The parasitic wasp Aphelinus Mali Haldeman, 1851 (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) is considered the most important natural enemy of the wooly apple aphid. Although the application of this parasitic wasp is widely present in the integrated apple production, many studies indicate that the effectiveness of A. Mali is significantly increased when this species is used together with other beneficial insects, primarily with certain predatory species. The latest research indicates the frequent commercial use of predatory species in the control of wooly apple aphid, primarily representatives of the families Syrphidae, Chrysopidae and Coccinellidae. Also, for the successful suppression of the wooly apple aphid, it is very important to determine the optimal strategy that will ensure the successful integration of applied predators and other natural enemies of this pest.","PeriodicalId":8829,"journal":{"name":"Biljni lekar","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84161531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Dudaš, Jelena Vukotić, Marta Loc, M. Petreš, D. Budakov, M. Grahovac, V. Stojsin
Apple powdery mildew, caused by Podosphaera leucotricha, is one of the economically most important apple diseases. It is present in all regions where the apple is grown, and it can cause production loss of up to 50%. The appearance of white mycelium on leaves, flowers and shoots is the typical symptom of this disease. If the disease is not managed properly, fruits are not formed, causing direct yield loss. Furthermore, fruit russet appears on the infected fruit, resulting in decreased market value. Disease intensity mostly depends on ecological factors and the susceptibility of the apple variety. Nowadays, significant efforts are being made in order to develop resistant apple varieties, but this goal is yet to be achieved. Management of apple powdery mildew in commercial production is based on chemical control measures, but due to health and environmental concerns, as well as the development of fungicide-resistant populations of the pathogen, it is necessary to find effective biological control methods as an alternative to chemicals.
{"title":"Podosphaera leucotricha (Ellis et Everhart) Salmon: Powdery mildew of apple","authors":"T. Dudaš, Jelena Vukotić, Marta Loc, M. Petreš, D. Budakov, M. Grahovac, V. Stojsin","doi":"10.5937/biljlek2206438d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/biljlek2206438d","url":null,"abstract":"Apple powdery mildew, caused by Podosphaera leucotricha, is one of the economically most important apple diseases. It is present in all regions where the apple is grown, and it can cause production loss of up to 50%. The appearance of white mycelium on leaves, flowers and shoots is the typical symptom of this disease. If the disease is not managed properly, fruits are not formed, causing direct yield loss. Furthermore, fruit russet appears on the infected fruit, resulting in decreased market value. Disease intensity mostly depends on ecological factors and the susceptibility of the apple variety. Nowadays, significant efforts are being made in order to develop resistant apple varieties, but this goal is yet to be achieved. Management of apple powdery mildew in commercial production is based on chemical control measures, but due to health and environmental concerns, as well as the development of fungicide-resistant populations of the pathogen, it is necessary to find effective biological control methods as an alternative to chemicals.","PeriodicalId":8829,"journal":{"name":"Biljni lekar","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84493176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dimitrije Jovanović, A. Petrovič, M. Petrović, A. Popovic
The clearwinh moth Synanthedon myopaeformis Borkhausen, 1789 (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) is more and more important pest particulary in the orchard grafted on M9 and some other rootstocks. Attacked trees become exhausted over many years, their reproductive potential decreases and eventually they dry up, which is a big loss for plantations in intensive production that require high investments per hectare, especially if they are in full crop. During the research, the impact of three different varieties which are present in the plantation and different sampling period during the growing season on the number of clearwing moth (Synanthedon myopaeformis) was examined. The abundance of the clearwing moth was the highest in the Golden Delicious plantation, and the lowest in the Fuji plantation. In relation to the different sampling period, the maximum flight of adults was recorded during the first sampling in July, while a lower but approximately similar abundance was recorded during the second sampling in May, first, second, and the third sampling in June and the second sampling in July.
{"title":"Seasonal dynamics of the clearwing moth (Synanthedon myopaeformis Borkhausen) in an intensive apple orchard","authors":"Dimitrije Jovanović, A. Petrovič, M. Petrović, A. Popovic","doi":"10.5937/biljlek2206563j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/biljlek2206563j","url":null,"abstract":"The clearwinh moth Synanthedon myopaeformis Borkhausen, 1789 (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) is more and more important pest particulary in the orchard grafted on M9 and some other rootstocks. Attacked trees become exhausted over many years, their reproductive potential decreases and eventually they dry up, which is a big loss for plantations in intensive production that require high investments per hectare, especially if they are in full crop. During the research, the impact of three different varieties which are present in the plantation and different sampling period during the growing season on the number of clearwing moth (Synanthedon myopaeformis) was examined. The abundance of the clearwing moth was the highest in the Golden Delicious plantation, and the lowest in the Fuji plantation. In relation to the different sampling period, the maximum flight of adults was recorded during the first sampling in July, while a lower but approximately similar abundance was recorded during the second sampling in May, first, second, and the third sampling in June and the second sampling in July.","PeriodicalId":8829,"journal":{"name":"Biljni lekar","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85889582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mirzet Redžić, P. Pap, Stefan Bojić, L. Poljaković-Pajnik, V. Vasić
The study describes the negative impacts of the most important biotic and abiotic factors on the production of planting material in the forest nursery "Bišina" - Šekovići (Bosnia and Herzegovina). Weather disasters (heavy rain, hail, frost) and zoobiotic caused the most harm to cultivated plants (birds, roe deer). Activities and processes for removing and reducing the damages are explained for each of the elements stated.
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