Pub Date : 2022-12-06DOI: 10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.4.341-347
Kalita Lachit, Pant Vinita
Background: DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is an important process during the DNA replication for correcting DNA replication errors. Deficient MMR (dMMR) leads to increased mutational burden and has been associated with several carcinomas and cancer syndromes like Lynch syndrome. The absence of MMR protein by immunohistochemistry is a surrogate marker for microsatellite instability. The aim of the study is to present our datas of MMR deficient tumors and the pattern of MMR protein loss by using immunohistochemistry,also to highlight the technical issues of tissue processing that interfere in result interpretation. Material & Method: 318 cases of various carcinomas were analysed for mismatch repair proteins viz. MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2 using immunohistochemistry.Result: Out of total 318 cases,47 cases showed deficient MMR proteins. Among the MMR deficient cases colonic adenocarcinoma cases has the highest percentage with loss of MMR proteins. Regarding pattern of MMR protein loss the simultaneous loss of both MLH1 and PMS2 is the most common pattern. In 5 cases (1.5%) of total cases we could not interpret the result. In compare to MMR proficient colorectal adenocarcinomas, the MMR deficient tumors are predominantly right sided and on histopathology they shows high grade histology,intratumoral lymphocytic infiltration, peritumoral lymphocytic infilatration,,mucinous and signet cell components. Conclusion: Evaluation of MMR proteins using immunohistochemistry is relatively easy to institute in the routine testing as it is a useful predictive and prognostic marker in various carcinomas,also it helps screening the cases of lynch syndrome. This study also highlight the need of using standard protocols for tissue fixation and processing before evaluating for MMR proteins.
{"title":"Study of Mismatch Repair Protein Expression by Using Immunohistochemistry in Various Carcinomas with Special Reference to Colorectal Adenocarcinomas - At a Tertiary Referral Laboratory in India","authors":"Kalita Lachit, Pant Vinita","doi":"10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.4.341-347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.4.341-347","url":null,"abstract":"Background: DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is an important process during the DNA replication for correcting DNA replication errors. Deficient MMR (dMMR) leads to increased mutational burden and has been associated with several carcinomas and cancer syndromes like Lynch syndrome. The absence of MMR protein by immunohistochemistry is a surrogate marker for microsatellite instability. The aim of the study is to present our datas of MMR deficient tumors and the pattern of MMR protein loss by using immunohistochemistry,also to highlight the technical issues of tissue processing that interfere in result interpretation. Material & Method: 318 cases of various carcinomas were analysed for mismatch repair proteins viz. MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2 using immunohistochemistry.Result: Out of total 318 cases,47 cases showed deficient MMR proteins. Among the MMR deficient cases colonic adenocarcinoma cases has the highest percentage with loss of MMR proteins. Regarding pattern of MMR protein loss the simultaneous loss of both MLH1 and PMS2 is the most common pattern. In 5 cases (1.5%) of total cases we could not interpret the result. In compare to MMR proficient colorectal adenocarcinomas, the MMR deficient tumors are predominantly right sided and on histopathology they shows high grade histology,intratumoral lymphocytic infiltration, peritumoral lymphocytic infilatration,,mucinous and signet cell components. Conclusion: Evaluation of MMR proteins using immunohistochemistry is relatively easy to institute in the routine testing as it is a useful predictive and prognostic marker in various carcinomas,also it helps screening the cases of lynch syndrome. This study also highlight the need of using standard protocols for tissue fixation and processing before evaluating for MMR proteins. ","PeriodicalId":8848,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74786248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-06DOI: 10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.4.323-339
K. Wong, D. Sexton, Alireza Mosavi Jarrahi, S. Hasson
Cancer is a global health concern and is still the leading cause of death worldwide, with 10 million deaths caused, so far, by the disease in 2020. Although there are treatments to treat some cancers and save lives, these treatments do have drawbacks and can cause side effects. Although various anticancer remedies have been discovered using natural products in the past, none of them went into clinical trials. Scientists still looking for alternative agents, within animal products. Recently venom is gaining attention for its anticancer activities. Objective: The present study, therefore, aimed to address the theoretical possibility that people bitten by venomous snakes may also develop prophylaxis, i.e., natural immunity, against cancer. And whether snake venom can be used as a vaccine due to their similarities with potential cancer antigens or not. Method: An immunoinformatic analysis was performed by correlating potential snake venom components’ amino sequence data with different cancer antigens. Results: Initially, our findings showed that while developed countries have low snakebite rates, they also demonstrated high cancer rates, in contrast to that developing countries, where they have high snakebite rates but low cancer rates. In terms of the immunoinformatic approach, ten cancer antigens have various similarities with five snake venom components. While the amino acid sequence alignment demonstrates similarities below 40%, the antigenicity index scores were found to be high. We predict that an immune system activated in snakebite victims may elicit an immune response against similar epitopes expressed on cancer cells. Hence, victims of snake bites may gain natural immunity against cancer. Conclusion: This study reports that non-lethal snakebites may play a vital role in protecting individuals from developing cancer in the future. Although it is a pilot study, such a concept and findings will open doors for future work to address this finding.
{"title":"A Preliminary Investigation on the Possibility of Developing a Cancer Vaccine Using Snake Venom Components","authors":"K. Wong, D. Sexton, Alireza Mosavi Jarrahi, S. Hasson","doi":"10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.4.323-339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.4.323-339","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer is a global health concern and is still the leading cause of death worldwide, with 10 million deaths caused, so far, by the disease in 2020. Although there are treatments to treat some cancers and save lives, these treatments do have drawbacks and can cause side effects. Although various anticancer remedies have been discovered using natural products in the past, none of them went into clinical trials. Scientists still looking for alternative agents, within animal products. Recently venom is gaining attention for its anticancer activities. Objective: The present study, therefore, aimed to address the theoretical possibility that people bitten by venomous snakes may also develop prophylaxis, i.e., natural immunity, against cancer. And whether snake venom can be used as a vaccine due to their similarities with potential cancer antigens or not. Method: An immunoinformatic analysis was performed by correlating potential snake venom components’ amino sequence data with different cancer antigens. Results: Initially, our findings showed that while developed countries have low snakebite rates, they also demonstrated high cancer rates, in contrast to that developing countries, where they have high snakebite rates but low cancer rates. In terms of the immunoinformatic approach, ten cancer antigens have various similarities with five snake venom components. While the amino acid sequence alignment demonstrates similarities below 40%, the antigenicity index scores were found to be high. We predict that an immune system activated in snakebite victims may elicit an immune response against similar epitopes expressed on cancer cells. Hence, victims of snake bites may gain natural immunity against cancer. Conclusion: This study reports that non-lethal snakebites may play a vital role in protecting individuals from developing cancer in the future. Although it is a pilot study, such a concept and findings will open doors for future work to address this finding.","PeriodicalId":8848,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83063002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-26DOI: 10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.4.377-382
Damdar Gaurav T, P. Anusree
Background: The primary plasma cell leukemia (pPCL) is an aggressive plasma cell neoplasm. It is diagnosed by the presence of an absolute plasma cell count of >2 × 109/L or 20% plasma cells in the peripheral blood. pPCL is rare and reported to be <1 in a million. Hence, our case report is a rare opportunity to describe clinical presentation and management of pPCL. Case Details: A 72-year-old male patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia, presented to the hospital for cough, breathlessness, and intermittent fever of one month. On arrival, he was tachypnoeic with altered sensorium and rales in his chest. Laboratory examination showed anemia, leucocytosis, and thrombocytopenia. The peripheral blood smears revealed 25-30% circulating atypical plasmacytoid cells. Flow cytometry on the peripheral blood revealed 58.7% lymphoid cells. Out of the total lymphoid cells, 73.6 % cells were characterized by expression of CD38, CD138, CD19, CD49d, CD43, CD27, CD81 (96.9% dim positives) CD 56 with dim kappa light chain restriction suggestive of PCL. Furthermore, serum protein electrophoresis and serum immunofixation showed an M-band (0.53g) of IgG kappa subtype. However, the patient developed lower respiratory tract infections with multi-organ dysfunction and he succumbed to the same.Conclusion: The prognosis of pPCL is very poor and the high risk of infective complications. Early diagnosis and optimal chemotherapy would be the key to the management. Detailed peripheral blood film examination and characterization of abnormal cells with immune phenotyping are of utmost importance in diagnosing pPCL.
{"title":"A Rare Presentation of Primary Plasma Cell Leukemia: A Case Report and Review of Literature","authors":"Damdar Gaurav T, P. Anusree","doi":"10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.4.377-382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.4.377-382","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The primary plasma cell leukemia (pPCL) is an aggressive plasma cell neoplasm. It is diagnosed by the presence of an absolute plasma cell count of >2 × 109/L or 20% plasma cells in the peripheral blood. pPCL is rare and reported to be <1 in a million. Hence, our case report is a rare opportunity to describe clinical presentation and management of pPCL. Case Details: A 72-year-old male patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia, presented to the hospital for cough, breathlessness, and intermittent fever of one month. On arrival, he was tachypnoeic with altered sensorium and rales in his chest. Laboratory examination showed anemia, leucocytosis, and thrombocytopenia. The peripheral blood smears revealed 25-30% circulating atypical plasmacytoid cells. Flow cytometry on the peripheral blood revealed 58.7% lymphoid cells. Out of the total lymphoid cells, 73.6 % cells were characterized by expression of CD38, CD138, CD19, CD49d, CD43, CD27, CD81 (96.9% dim positives) CD 56 with dim kappa light chain restriction suggestive of PCL. Furthermore, serum protein electrophoresis and serum immunofixation showed an M-band (0.53g) of IgG kappa subtype. However, the patient developed lower respiratory tract infections with multi-organ dysfunction and he succumbed to the same.Conclusion: The prognosis of pPCL is very poor and the high risk of infective complications. Early diagnosis and optimal chemotherapy would be the key to the management. Detailed peripheral blood film examination and characterization of abnormal cells with immune phenotyping are of utmost importance in diagnosing pPCL.","PeriodicalId":8848,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81866861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-26DOI: 10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.4.361-363
M. Ahirwar, Siddhartha Nanda, S. Mishra, Sourajit Parida
Objective: Only 1% of all malignancies of the respiratory system are adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the trachea. ACC’s clinical course is frequently lengthy. Most patients first experience dyspnea, which looks like asthma or chronic bronchitis. The primary treatment choice is surgical resection followed by radiotherapy due to the small surgical margins of the tumor. When surgery is not an option, most cancers respond to radiotherapy, which frequently produces prolonged periods of remission. Method: We present three cases of primary ACC of the trachea. One case involved a 49-year-old man who had tracheal ACC treated surgically and then with radiation. Another 65-year-old female patient underwent surgical resection and adjuvant radiotherapy to treat her recurrent metastatic posterior thoracic wall tumor. At one month follow-up, our patient showed no evidence of disease, and a 38-year-old male presented with complaints of dry cough, breathlessness, and hemoptysis. Bronchoscopy showed a polypoidal growth obstructing more than 2/3rd of the tracheal lumen. The patient underwent excision of the tracheal tumor followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. Conclusion: Postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy plays an important role in management of ACC and it should be considered in all the patients of ACC to decrease the risk of recurrent disease.
{"title":"Adjuvant Radiotherapy in Primary Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of Trachea- A Case Series","authors":"M. Ahirwar, Siddhartha Nanda, S. Mishra, Sourajit Parida","doi":"10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.4.361-363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.4.361-363","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Only 1% of all malignancies of the respiratory system are adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the trachea. ACC’s clinical course is frequently lengthy. Most patients first experience dyspnea, which looks like asthma or chronic bronchitis. The primary treatment choice is surgical resection followed by radiotherapy due to the small surgical margins of the tumor. When surgery is not an option, most cancers respond to radiotherapy, which frequently produces prolonged periods of remission. Method: We present three cases of primary ACC of the trachea. One case involved a 49-year-old man who had tracheal ACC treated surgically and then with radiation. Another 65-year-old female patient underwent surgical resection and adjuvant radiotherapy to treat her recurrent metastatic posterior thoracic wall tumor. At one month follow-up, our patient showed no evidence of disease, and a 38-year-old male presented with complaints of dry cough, breathlessness, and hemoptysis. Bronchoscopy showed a polypoidal growth obstructing more than 2/3rd of the tracheal lumen. The patient underwent excision of the tracheal tumor followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. Conclusion: Postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy plays an important role in management of ACC and it should be considered in all the patients of ACC to decrease the risk of recurrent disease.","PeriodicalId":8848,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89488263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-26DOI: 10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.4.307-314
Tahmida Ali, Sulatha M Kamath
Background: Progesterone receptor (PR), estrogen receptor (ER) expression, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER 2 neu) amplification/ overexpression, and p53 nuclear protein accumulation are all significant prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer (BC). This work aims to assess the co-presence of p53 overexpression with ER, PR, and HER 2 neu expression in invasive BC specimens by IHC and compare their expression with various clinicopathological features. Objectives: To evaluate the expression of ER, PR, HER-2neu and p53 in invasive breast carcinoma specimens and to correlate the expression of p53 with ER, PR, HER-2 neu and the clinicopathological parameters. Methods: Cases of Modified Radical Mastectomy received from June 2015 to May 2017 were studied. In addition to hematoxylin and eosin sections, immunohistochemical staining was done for ER, PR, HER 2 neu and p53. The expression of ER, PR, HER 2 neu and p53 was noted and the findings were correlated with other clinicopathological parameters. Results: Among 86 cases studied most of them belonged to the age group 41-60 years (54, 62.8%). A significant positive correlation of p53 over expression with ER and PR positive tumours and Triple Negative tumours was noted. Also p53 overexpression showed a positive significant correlation with tumour grade. Conclusion: P53 overexpression in breast carcinoma indicates an aggressive clinical course and can be used as a marker of poor prognosis.
{"title":"Correlation of P53 Expression with Clinicopathological Parameters, Hormone Receptors and HER 2 Neu Status in Breast Carcinoma","authors":"Tahmida Ali, Sulatha M Kamath","doi":"10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.4.307-314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.4.307-314","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Progesterone receptor (PR), estrogen receptor (ER) expression, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER 2 neu) amplification/ overexpression, and p53 nuclear protein accumulation are all significant prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer (BC). This work aims to assess the co-presence of p53 overexpression with ER, PR, and HER 2 neu expression in invasive BC specimens by IHC and compare their expression with various clinicopathological features. Objectives: To evaluate the expression of ER, PR, HER-2neu and p53 in invasive breast carcinoma specimens and to correlate the expression of p53 with ER, PR, HER-2 neu and the clinicopathological parameters. Methods: Cases of Modified Radical Mastectomy received from June 2015 to May 2017 were studied. In addition to hematoxylin and eosin sections, immunohistochemical staining was done for ER, PR, HER 2 neu and p53. The expression of ER, PR, HER 2 neu and p53 was noted and the findings were correlated with other clinicopathological parameters. Results: Among 86 cases studied most of them belonged to the age group 41-60 years (54, 62.8%). A significant positive correlation of p53 over expression with ER and PR positive tumours and Triple Negative tumours was noted. Also p53 overexpression showed a positive significant correlation with tumour grade. Conclusion: P53 overexpression in breast carcinoma indicates an aggressive clinical course and can be used as a marker of poor prognosis.","PeriodicalId":8848,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87925572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-10DOI: 10.31557/APJCB.2022.7.4.301
Samet Sayılan, Aylin Aydın Sayılan, N. Ozen
Background: Although cancer screening plays a critical role in the early detection of cancer, fear caused by the Covid-19 pandemic is reported to have significantly obstructed cancer screening programs. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of fear of coronavirus (Covid-19) on attitudes toward cancer screening. This descriptive, cross-sectional study was completed with 300 individuals. The data were collected from patients presenting to the clinic of an education and research hospital between April and July, 2021. An information form, the Fear of Covid-19 Scale, and the Attitude Scale for Cancer Screening were employed as data collection tools. Results: The mean age of the participants was 46.66±13.39 years, 56.7% were women, and 44% were university graduates. The mean Fear of Covid-19 Scale score was 20.53, and the mean Attitude Scale for Cancer Screening score was 99.79. Conclusion: Participants in this study experienced a moderate level of fear and exhibited positive attitudes toward cancer screening programs, although positive attitudes regarding cancer screening decreased as fear of Covid-19 increased.
{"title":"The Effect of Fear of Coronavirus (Covid-19) on Attitudes Toward Cancer Screening","authors":"Samet Sayılan, Aylin Aydın Sayılan, N. Ozen","doi":"10.31557/APJCB.2022.7.4.301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/APJCB.2022.7.4.301","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although cancer screening plays a critical role in the early detection of cancer, fear caused by the Covid-19 pandemic is reported to have significantly obstructed cancer screening programs. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of fear of coronavirus (Covid-19) on attitudes toward cancer screening. This descriptive, cross-sectional study was completed with 300 individuals. The data were collected from patients presenting to the clinic of an education and research hospital between April and July, 2021. An information form, the Fear of Covid-19 Scale, and the Attitude Scale for Cancer Screening were employed as data collection tools. Results: The mean age of the participants was 46.66±13.39 years, 56.7% were women, and 44% were university graduates. The mean Fear of Covid-19 Scale score was 20.53, and the mean Attitude Scale for Cancer Screening score was 99.79. Conclusion: Participants in this study experienced a moderate level of fear and exhibited positive attitudes toward cancer screening programs, although positive attitudes regarding cancer screening decreased as fear of Covid-19 increased.","PeriodicalId":8848,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89082349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-25DOI: 10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.4.289-295
Hiba Mahgoub Ali Osman, Areeg Faggad
Background: Female breast cancer is the most common cancer in Sudan, however little data is available about breast cancer in Sudanese. We aimed to assess whether fasting glucose and insulin levels are associated with the risk of having breast cancer in Sudanese women.Methods: This study was conducted at the National Cancer Institute – University of Gezira (NCI-UG), Sudan. A total of 174 females were enrolled, the patient group included 77 newly diagnosed untreated breast cancer women and a control group of 97 healthy women. Overnight fasting blood samples were collected to measure fasting plasma glucose and serum insulin levels. Results: The fasting plasma glucose level was significantly increased in the breast cancer patients (101.94±2.94 mg/dL) than the controls (90.75±2.02 mg/dL), p=0.002. Overweight-obese and premenopausal breast cancer patient’s subgroups revealed significant elevation of fasting glucose levels (105.35±4.06 mg/dL); (99.64±4.06 mg/dL) compared to controls (89.44±2.62 mg/dL), p=0.001; and (86.38±2.44 mg/dL), p=0.007 respectively. Only in the non-obese patients the insulin level was significantly lower (3.76±0.40 µU/ml) than in the control (6.11±1.00 µU/ml) p=0.034. The patient group was more likely to have 2.5 times higher fasting glucose level than the control (p=0.005). Moreover, the overweight-obese and premenopausal breast cancer patients subgroups were more likely to have 4.4 times and 4.5 times respectively elevated fasting blood glucose level, both with p=0.002. The non-obese breast cancer patients were tended to have 4.3 times decreased insulin level (p=0.019). Conclusion: The elevated fasting plasma glucose levels are associated with high risk of breast cancer in Sudanese women especially in the premenopausal individuals and those having BMI more than or equal to 25 kg/m2. Consequently, adjusting blood glucose level and controlling body weight by changing the lifestyle are suggested to reduce the risk of breast cancer in Sudanese women.
{"title":"Increased Fasting Plasma Glucose and Breast Cancer Risk in Sudanese Women: Association with Premenopausal Status and High Body Mass Index","authors":"Hiba Mahgoub Ali Osman, Areeg Faggad","doi":"10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.4.289-295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.4.289-295","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Female breast cancer is the most common cancer in Sudan, however little data is available about breast cancer in Sudanese. We aimed to assess whether fasting glucose and insulin levels are associated with the risk of having breast cancer in Sudanese women.Methods: This study was conducted at the National Cancer Institute – University of Gezira (NCI-UG), Sudan. A total of 174 females were enrolled, the patient group included 77 newly diagnosed untreated breast cancer women and a control group of 97 healthy women. Overnight fasting blood samples were collected to measure fasting plasma glucose and serum insulin levels. Results: The fasting plasma glucose level was significantly increased in the breast cancer patients (101.94±2.94 mg/dL) than the controls (90.75±2.02 mg/dL), p=0.002. Overweight-obese and premenopausal breast cancer patient’s subgroups revealed significant elevation of fasting glucose levels (105.35±4.06 mg/dL); (99.64±4.06 mg/dL) compared to controls (89.44±2.62 mg/dL), p=0.001; and (86.38±2.44 mg/dL), p=0.007 respectively. Only in the non-obese patients the insulin level was significantly lower (3.76±0.40 µU/ml) than in the control (6.11±1.00 µU/ml) p=0.034. The patient group was more likely to have 2.5 times higher fasting glucose level than the control (p=0.005). Moreover, the overweight-obese and premenopausal breast cancer patients subgroups were more likely to have 4.4 times and 4.5 times respectively elevated fasting blood glucose level, both with p=0.002. The non-obese breast cancer patients were tended to have 4.3 times decreased insulin level (p=0.019). Conclusion: The elevated fasting plasma glucose levels are associated with high risk of breast cancer in Sudanese women especially in the premenopausal individuals and those having BMI more than or equal to 25 kg/m2. Consequently, adjusting blood glucose level and controlling body weight by changing the lifestyle are suggested to reduce the risk of breast cancer in Sudanese women.","PeriodicalId":8848,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81659889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-25DOI: 10.31557/APJCB.2022.7.4.297
Umesh Velu, P. Shetty, Vishwapriya M Godkhindi
Background: Multidisciplinary tumor boards (MDTB) are an integral part of cancer management. However, owing to COVID 19 global pandemic it becomes a challenge to have a MDTBs maintaining the social distance norms. Objectives: To assess the technical challenges faced during a virtual tumor board (VTB) discussion Advantages and Disadvantages of a VTBs. Methods: Technical support for various group meetings taking place virtually were considered. Various trials which have assessed the technical difficulties for conducting such a meeting were assessed. The advantages and disadvantages for using various platforms of social media for such a virtual meeting were assessed and various feedbacks and reviews were taken into consideration. Results: VTBs can be implemented either by a video conferencing or web based conferencing. High speed internet connections of 4 mbps for a 30fps at 4k monitor would be required for smooth lag free interaction. The processors should have a minimum of 2 GB of RAM with quad core processor. Platforms which offer the ability for digital signatures are of paramount importance. Having a VTBs during a global pandemic is of paramount importance for a cancer patient. Conclusion: VTBs are very important for management of cancer patients during a global pandemic. We in our paper have tried to summarize the technical support need for such a platform and also have tried to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of such a platform. We would also like to conclude that setting up such a virtual platform is not technically challenging and can be implemented in smaller centers even through a mobile phone connection. VTBs should be implemented in all cancer centers during a pandemic when in person meetings are a challenge and a health risk.
{"title":"Importance of Multi-disciplinary Tumor Boards during the COVID-19 Global Pandemic in a Resource Constrained Country","authors":"Umesh Velu, P. Shetty, Vishwapriya M Godkhindi","doi":"10.31557/APJCB.2022.7.4.297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/APJCB.2022.7.4.297","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Multidisciplinary tumor boards (MDTB) are an integral part of cancer management. However, owing to COVID 19 global pandemic it becomes a challenge to have a MDTBs maintaining the social distance norms. Objectives: To assess the technical challenges faced during a virtual tumor board (VTB) discussion Advantages and Disadvantages of a VTBs. Methods: Technical support for various group meetings taking place virtually were considered. Various trials which have assessed the technical difficulties for conducting such a meeting were assessed. The advantages and disadvantages for using various platforms of social media for such a virtual meeting were assessed and various feedbacks and reviews were taken into consideration. Results: VTBs can be implemented either by a video conferencing or web based conferencing. High speed internet connections of 4 mbps for a 30fps at 4k monitor would be required for smooth lag free interaction. The processors should have a minimum of 2 GB of RAM with quad core processor. Platforms which offer the ability for digital signatures are of paramount importance. Having a VTBs during a global pandemic is of paramount importance for a cancer patient. Conclusion: VTBs are very important for management of cancer patients during a global pandemic. We in our paper have tried to summarize the technical support need for such a platform and also have tried to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of such a platform. We would also like to conclude that setting up such a virtual platform is not technically challenging and can be implemented in smaller centers even through a mobile phone connection. VTBs should be implemented in all cancer centers during a pandemic when in person meetings are a challenge and a health risk. ","PeriodicalId":8848,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84970554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-27DOI: 10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.3.245-253
R. Sharaf, Basma Mostafa Mahmoud Abdalla, Samia Ibrahim El Naggar, Wesam I Moustafa
Background: Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the urinary tract. Calcitriol [1,25 (OH)2vitamin D3] has anticancer effects mediated through binding to vitamin D receptor (VDR). The expression of VDR is present in many normal and cancer tissues. But, there is little information about its expression in urinary bladder carcinoma. This study aimed to analyze VDR immunohistochemical expression in 74 Egyptian patients with urinary bladder carcinoma and to evaluate its association with different clinicopathological parameters. Methods: Sections from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor blocks were stained immunohistochemically using monoclonal anti-VDR antibody. VDR protein expression as well as its immunostaining patterns were recorded and scored separately in each case using semi-quantitative immunoreactive score. Results: VDR was consistently expressed in the included histologically normal urothelium while tumor cells showed variable degrees of expression. Cytoplasmic/membranous VDR expression was common among the studied cases especially those with urothelial morphology (p = 0.076). While, the mean nuclear VDR was significantly (p = 0.007) higher in non-urothelial tumors. Nuclear VDR was significantly associated with muscle invasion (p = 0.000) and tumor stage (p = 0.001) in urothelial carcinoma. It was also statistically related to tumor grade, stage and muscle invasion in non-urothelial tumors (p = 0.002, 0.003 and 0.012, respectively). Conclusion: there was a significant relation between nuclear VDR expression and prognostic markers suggesting its decrease as an indicator of a poorer prognosis. Vitamin D supplementation may represent a new treatment option for patients with bladder cancer.
{"title":"Expression of Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) in Urinary Bladder Carcinoma: Immunohistochemical and Histopathological Study","authors":"R. Sharaf, Basma Mostafa Mahmoud Abdalla, Samia Ibrahim El Naggar, Wesam I Moustafa","doi":"10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.3.245-253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.3.245-253","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the urinary tract. Calcitriol [1,25 (OH)2vitamin D3] has anticancer effects mediated through binding to vitamin D receptor (VDR). The expression of VDR is present in many normal and cancer tissues. But, there is little information about its expression in urinary bladder carcinoma. This study aimed to analyze VDR immunohistochemical expression in 74 Egyptian patients with urinary bladder carcinoma and to evaluate its association with different clinicopathological parameters. Methods: Sections from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor blocks were stained immunohistochemically using monoclonal anti-VDR antibody. VDR protein expression as well as its immunostaining patterns were recorded and scored separately in each case using semi-quantitative immunoreactive score. Results: VDR was consistently expressed in the included histologically normal urothelium while tumor cells showed variable degrees of expression. Cytoplasmic/membranous VDR expression was common among the studied cases especially those with urothelial morphology (p = 0.076). While, the mean nuclear VDR was significantly (p = 0.007) higher in non-urothelial tumors. Nuclear VDR was significantly associated with muscle invasion (p = 0.000) and tumor stage (p = 0.001) in urothelial carcinoma. It was also statistically related to tumor grade, stage and muscle invasion in non-urothelial tumors (p = 0.002, 0.003 and 0.012, respectively). Conclusion: there was a significant relation between nuclear VDR expression and prognostic markers suggesting its decrease as an indicator of a poorer prognosis. Vitamin D supplementation may represent a new treatment option for patients with bladder cancer.","PeriodicalId":8848,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81000809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-27DOI: 10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.3.255-263
Chatpalli Pranjali, Kamath Sulatha, Mysorekar Vijaya V
Background: CDX2 has been established as a good prognostic marker for colorectal carcinomas. Differentiated adenocarcinomas are characterized by higher CDX2 expression than undifferentiated tumors with stronger reactivity in intestinal phenotypes. There is a close correlation between the degree of tumor differentiation and the Ki-67 score. It was also observed that strong CDX2 expression was associated with low Ki-67 index whereas negative or dim CDX2 expression was associated with high Ki-67 index. Methods: Gastric biopsies and gastrectomy specimens with gastric carcinoma were evaluated clinicopathologically and processed for immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining to assess CDX2 and Ki-67 expression. The relationship between 2 markers and each clinicopathological parameter was evaluated. Data was statistically analysed. P<0.05 were taken for statistical significance. Results: The study was done on 57 gastric adenocarcinoma cases with mean age 56.12 years. No significant correlation was found between CDX2 & Ki-67 with clinical, gross & microscopic parameters except for tumor location and depth of invasion. Significant correlation was detected between CDX2 (p=0.04) & Ki-67 (p=0.03) with tumor location. Depth of tumor invasion was significantly associated with Ki-67 (p=0.013). No significant association between CDX2 and Ki-67 was observed. Conclusion: The statistical correlation between CDX2 & Ki-67 with clinicopathological parameters proves that CDX2 & Ki-67 to be the independent markers with respect to tumor site and depth of invasion (in case of Ki-67). But due to lack of association of CDX2 with Ki-67 further studies need to be done with higher sample size.
{"title":"CDX2 and Ki-67 Expression in Gastric Carcinoma and Its Association with Clinocopathological Parameters","authors":"Chatpalli Pranjali, Kamath Sulatha, Mysorekar Vijaya V","doi":"10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.3.255-263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.3.255-263","url":null,"abstract":"Background: CDX2 has been established as a good prognostic marker for colorectal carcinomas. Differentiated adenocarcinomas are characterized by higher CDX2 expression than undifferentiated tumors with stronger reactivity in intestinal phenotypes. There is a close correlation between the degree of tumor differentiation and the Ki-67 score. It was also observed that strong CDX2 expression was associated with low Ki-67 index whereas negative or dim CDX2 expression was associated with high Ki-67 index. Methods: Gastric biopsies and gastrectomy specimens with gastric carcinoma were evaluated clinicopathologically and processed for immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining to assess CDX2 and Ki-67 expression. The relationship between 2 markers and each clinicopathological parameter was evaluated. Data was statistically analysed. P<0.05 were taken for statistical significance. Results: The study was done on 57 gastric adenocarcinoma cases with mean age 56.12 years. No significant correlation was found between CDX2 & Ki-67 with clinical, gross & microscopic parameters except for tumor location and depth of invasion. Significant correlation was detected between CDX2 (p=0.04) & Ki-67 (p=0.03) with tumor location. Depth of tumor invasion was significantly associated with Ki-67 (p=0.013). No significant association between CDX2 and Ki-67 was observed. Conclusion: The statistical correlation between CDX2 & Ki-67 with clinicopathological parameters proves that CDX2 & Ki-67 to be the independent markers with respect to tumor site and depth of invasion (in case of Ki-67). But due to lack of association of CDX2 with Ki-67 further studies need to be done with higher sample size.","PeriodicalId":8848,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90319756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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