Pub Date : 2019-09-08DOI: 10.31557/apjcb.2019.4.3.47-50
R. Sabbaghzadeh
Objective: Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs, play important roles in cell cycle regulation. Since deregulation of cyclins and/or alteration or absence of inhibitors has been associated with many cancers, there is strong interest in CDKs inhibitors that could play an necessary role in the discovery of a new family of antitumor agents. Material and Methods: Molecular modeling is used to design new materials, which the correct prediction of physical properties of realistic systems is required. Gromacs is an tool to perform molecular dynamics simulations and energy minimization of bimolecular systems which commonly consists of several tens to thousands of amino acid residues. From the simulations the first 100 ps were regarded as equilibration, leaving 900 ps for analysis purposes. Results: Thermodynamic properties density, potential energy, temperature, and pressure are given. In this results tetramethyl ((1,4-phenylenebis (azanediyl)) bis ((4-chlorophenyl) methylene)) bis (phosphonate) was found to be the better selective known inhibitor for cyclin-dependent kinase2 because it shown lowest energy.Conclusion: The phosphoric acid moiety is considered to bind to the affected protein more actively than the corresponding carboxylic acid because of its di anionic character.
{"title":"Physicochemical Properties of analogs α-Aminophosphonates Drugs Determined via Molecular Dynamics Simulation","authors":"R. Sabbaghzadeh","doi":"10.31557/apjcb.2019.4.3.47-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcb.2019.4.3.47-50","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs, play important roles in cell cycle regulation. Since deregulation of cyclins and/or alteration or absence of inhibitors has been associated with many cancers, there is strong interest in CDKs inhibitors that could play an necessary role in the discovery of a new family of antitumor agents. Material and Methods: Molecular modeling is used to design new materials, which the correct prediction of physical properties of realistic systems is required. Gromacs is an tool to perform molecular dynamics simulations and energy minimization of bimolecular systems which commonly consists of several tens to thousands of amino acid residues. From the simulations the first 100 ps were regarded as equilibration, leaving 900 ps for analysis purposes. Results: Thermodynamic properties density, potential energy, temperature, and pressure are given. In this results tetramethyl ((1,4-phenylenebis (azanediyl)) bis ((4-chlorophenyl) methylene)) bis (phosphonate) was found to be the better selective known inhibitor for cyclin-dependent kinase2 because it shown lowest energy.Conclusion: The phosphoric acid moiety is considered to bind to the affected protein more actively than the corresponding carboxylic acid because of its di anionic character.","PeriodicalId":8848,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology","volume":"137 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72814181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-19DOI: 10.31557/apjcb.2019.4.2.41-49
A. Ramezani, F. Toghraie
Myeloid cells as the major components of tumor-infiltrating leukocytes play critical roles in anti-tumor immunity. However, emerging evidences have revealed that soluble factors produced by tumor/stromal cells skew myeloid cells toward a tumor-promoting phenotype. Tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells (TIMs) including tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and tumor-associated dendritic cells (TADCs) are considered as the key mediators of tumor microenvironment (TME). TIMs have been shown to play important roles in various aspects of cancer biology and their presence is often linked to altered patient prognosis and survival. Regarding their critical role in TME, TIMs have been proposed as relevant targets of therapeutic strategies aimed at expanding immunostimulatory myeloid cell populations and depleting or modulating immunosuppressive ones. In this review, we briefly describe TIMs subsets and discuss the mechanisms by which TIMs induce immunosuppression, angiogenesis, and metastasis.
{"title":"Mechanisms and Functional Significance of Human Tumor-infiltrating Myeloid Cells","authors":"A. Ramezani, F. Toghraie","doi":"10.31557/apjcb.2019.4.2.41-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcb.2019.4.2.41-49","url":null,"abstract":"Myeloid cells as the major components of tumor-infiltrating leukocytes play critical roles in anti-tumor immunity. However, emerging evidences have revealed that soluble factors produced by tumor/stromal cells skew myeloid cells toward a tumor-promoting phenotype. Tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells (TIMs) including tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and tumor-associated dendritic cells (TADCs) are considered as the key mediators of tumor microenvironment (TME). TIMs have been shown to play important roles in various aspects of cancer biology and their presence is often linked to altered patient prognosis and survival. Regarding their critical role in TME, TIMs have been proposed as relevant targets of therapeutic strategies aimed at expanding immunostimulatory myeloid cell populations and depleting or modulating immunosuppressive ones. In this review, we briefly describe TIMs subsets and discuss the mechanisms by which TIMs induce immunosuppression, angiogenesis, and metastasis.","PeriodicalId":8848,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76433297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-11DOI: 10.31557/apjcb.2019.4.2.35-40
S. Yılmaz, A. Yoruk, I. Zemheri, A. Kuskucu, O. Suakar, Nergiz Imamova, Pinar Canizci
Background: Lymphadenopathy is an abnormality in the size or the character of the lymph node. It may be a manifestation of infectious and malignant diseases. Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia is a benign form of lymphadenopathy. Cells develop numerous adaptive responses regulated by hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (Hif-1 alpha) against hypoxic stress. Purpose: Hif-1alpha may play a role in the process of carcinogenesis in the early stage of cancer. We aimed to investigate the most common polymorphism of Hif-1α C1772T and G1790A gene polymorphisms in reactive lymphoid hyperplasia and lymphoma cases. Methods: Eighty-six paraffin-embedded blocs [51 (59,3%) reactive lymphoid hyperplasia; (40,7%) lymphoma] were examined. DNA was extracted from these samples and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out. After DNA isolation, Hif-1α C1772T and G1790A polymorphisms were investigated with pyrosequencing. Results: Cases were (29,1%) girls and 61 (70,9%) boys. The mean age was 91,47±57,96 and 142,46±41,66 for reactive lymphoid hyperplasia and lymphoma group, respectively. There was no Hif-1α C1772T gene polymorphism in both group, but Hif-1α G1790A gene polymorphism was recorded in 14 cases (reactive lymphoid hyperplasia 10, lymphoma 4). Although Hif-1α G1790A gene polymorphism was seen a little higher in reactive lymphoid hyperplasia cases than that of lymphoma, no meaningful relationship was found statistically between two groups (p>0,05). Conclusion: Hif-1α C1772T and G1790A gene polymorphisms had been interrogated in cancer etiology and emphasized in some cancers. In our study, considering of a few of Hif-1α G1790A gene polymorphism in reactive lymphoid hyperplasia group, it should be investigated with large studies in terms of understanding of the behavior of Hif- 1α gene polymorphisms in children with lymphadenopathy.
{"title":"Hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (Hif-1 alpha) polymorphism in lymphoma and reactive lymphoid hyperplasia","authors":"S. Yılmaz, A. Yoruk, I. Zemheri, A. Kuskucu, O. Suakar, Nergiz Imamova, Pinar Canizci","doi":"10.31557/apjcb.2019.4.2.35-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcb.2019.4.2.35-40","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Lymphadenopathy is an abnormality in the size or the character of the lymph node. It may be a manifestation of infectious and malignant diseases. Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia is a benign form of lymphadenopathy. Cells develop numerous adaptive responses regulated by hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (Hif-1 alpha) against hypoxic stress. \u0000Purpose: Hif-1alpha may play a role in the process of carcinogenesis in the early stage of cancer. We aimed to investigate the most common polymorphism of Hif-1α C1772T and G1790A gene polymorphisms in reactive lymphoid hyperplasia and lymphoma cases. Methods: Eighty-six paraffin-embedded blocs [51 (59,3%) reactive lymphoid hyperplasia; (40,7%) lymphoma] were examined. DNA was extracted from these samples and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out. After DNA isolation, Hif-1α C1772T and G1790A polymorphisms were investigated with pyrosequencing. \u0000Results: Cases were (29,1%) girls and 61 (70,9%) boys. The mean age was 91,47±57,96 and 142,46±41,66 for reactive lymphoid hyperplasia and lymphoma group, respectively. There was no Hif-1α C1772T gene polymorphism in both group, but Hif-1α G1790A gene polymorphism was recorded in 14 cases (reactive lymphoid hyperplasia 10, lymphoma 4). Although Hif-1α G1790A gene polymorphism was seen a little higher in reactive lymphoid hyperplasia cases than that of lymphoma, no meaningful relationship was found statistically between two groups (p>0,05). \u0000Conclusion: Hif-1α C1772T and G1790A gene polymorphisms had been interrogated in cancer etiology and emphasized in some cancers. In our study, considering of a few of Hif-1α G1790A gene polymorphism in reactive lymphoid hyperplasia group, it should be investigated with large studies in terms of understanding of the behavior of Hif- 1α gene polymorphisms in children with lymphadenopathy.","PeriodicalId":8848,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology","volume":"219 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76242243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-11DOI: 10.31557/apjcb.2019.4.2.41-45
S. Ray, Shadi Zohorinia, D. Bhattacharyya, S. Chakravorty, Sonia S Ray
Background: National Cancer Registry of South Africa reported the highest incidence of uterine cancer in Gauteng Proviance. Among uterine cancer patients reported in the Department of Radiation Oncology, Johannesburg Hospital, more than 85% are suffering in endometrial cancers. Here, in this study we tried to explore the relation between factors causing increased blood oestrogen levels, like, contraceptive pills, early menarche and delayed menopause (increases the length of menstruation), nulliparity and overweight by more than 25kg and endometrial cancer among black female population of Greater Johannesburg. In this present study, we also studied how non-sex hormone related factors like hypertension, diabetes, family history, obesity and smoking habits are affecting the occurrence of endometrial cancer in Greater Johannesburg females.Methods: This study is based on post-menopausal female black population of Johannesburg who were physically examined with the help of transvaginal sonar. Their oestrogen level in serum was checked. Their family history, menarche and menopause age, pregnancy and others were collected through questionnaires.Results: The mean age of menarche and menopause was found to be 13.80 and 53.80 years respectively. Hypertension, elevated serum oestradiol level, nulliparity, obesity and diabetes are significantly high among study group. Moreover our study suggests no such relation between smoking habit and endometrial cancer.Conclusion: Continued exposure of endometrium to oestrogen increases the chance of endometrial cancer. The length of menstruation time and nulliparity appeared as vital factors for endometrial cancer. Moreover, adipocytes secreting oestrogen and diabetes are also related to the onset of endometrial cancer among post-menopausal female population.
{"title":"Risk Factors for Endometrial Cancer among Post-menopausal Women in South Africa","authors":"S. Ray, Shadi Zohorinia, D. Bhattacharyya, S. Chakravorty, Sonia S Ray","doi":"10.31557/apjcb.2019.4.2.41-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcb.2019.4.2.41-45","url":null,"abstract":"Background: National Cancer Registry of South Africa reported the highest incidence of uterine cancer in Gauteng Proviance. Among uterine cancer patients reported in the Department of Radiation Oncology, Johannesburg Hospital, more than 85% are suffering in endometrial cancers. Here, in this study we tried to explore the relation between factors causing increased blood oestrogen levels, like, contraceptive pills, early menarche and delayed menopause (increases the length of menstruation), nulliparity and overweight by more than 25kg and endometrial cancer among black female population of Greater Johannesburg. In this present study, we also studied how non-sex hormone related factors like hypertension, diabetes, family history, obesity and smoking habits are affecting the occurrence of endometrial cancer in Greater Johannesburg females.Methods: This study is based on post-menopausal female black population of Johannesburg who were physically examined with the help of transvaginal sonar. Their oestrogen level in serum was checked. Their family history, menarche and menopause age, pregnancy and others were collected through questionnaires.Results: The mean age of menarche and menopause was found to be 13.80 and 53.80 years respectively. Hypertension, elevated serum oestradiol level, nulliparity, obesity and diabetes are significantly high among study group. Moreover our study suggests no such relation between smoking habit and endometrial cancer.Conclusion: Continued exposure of endometrium to oestrogen increases the chance of endometrial cancer. The length of menstruation time and nulliparity appeared as vital factors for endometrial cancer. Moreover, adipocytes secreting oestrogen and diabetes are also related to the onset of endometrial cancer among post-menopausal female population.","PeriodicalId":8848,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90186834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-03DOI: 10.31557/apjcb.2019.4.2.27-33
S. Mehdi, Zafaryab, S. Nafees, Asad Mahmood Khan, I. Ahmad, Z. Hafeez, M. M. Rizvi
Background: Lung cancer is the primary cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Thus, the requisite for more coherent methods to lung cancer therapy is needed. Purpose: Chrysin (5, 7-dihydroxyflavone) is a naturally occurring flavonoid having a wide range of pharmacological properties and is commonly found in fruits, vegetables, honey and propolis. In our study, we have hypothesized that chrysin would have anticancer activity on L132 lung cancer cell line.Methods: The cytotoxic effects were assessed by MTT and NRU assay. DAPI was used to evaluate the cell death. The pro- or anti-apoptotic proteins were detected by Western Blot assay, and, besides, mRNA expression was analysed with RT-PCR. In silico study of chrysin was performed to identify suitable inhibitors against the protein function. Results: Results indicated that chrysin enhanced the inhibitory effects of TRAIL (Tumour Necrosis Factor Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand) in comparison to TNF-α (tumour necrosis factor) on cell viability in L132 lung cancer cells and altered nuclear morphology of cells was observed in DAPI (4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining after 48 hrs treatment. Treatment with chrysin enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis by increasing the expression of apoptosis-related proteins including caspase-3, 8, 9 and Bax, whereas the expression of Bcl-2 was decreased. Chrysin was docked with caspase-3, 8, 9, Bax, and Bcl-2 proteins to identify suitable inhibitors against the protein function.Conclusion: We concluded that chrysin sensitizes lung cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis and may be considered for future studies as a promising therapeutic candidate for human lung cancer.
{"title":"Chrysin Sensitizes Human Lung Cancer Cells to Tumour Necrosis Factor Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) Mediated Apoptosis","authors":"S. Mehdi, Zafaryab, S. Nafees, Asad Mahmood Khan, I. Ahmad, Z. Hafeez, M. M. Rizvi","doi":"10.31557/apjcb.2019.4.2.27-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcb.2019.4.2.27-33","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Lung cancer is the primary cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Thus, the requisite for more coherent methods to lung cancer therapy is needed. Purpose: Chrysin (5, 7-dihydroxyflavone) is a naturally occurring flavonoid having a wide range of pharmacological properties and is commonly found in fruits, vegetables, honey and propolis. In our study, we have hypothesized that chrysin would have anticancer activity on L132 lung cancer cell line.Methods: The cytotoxic effects were assessed by MTT and NRU assay. DAPI was used to evaluate the cell death. The pro- or anti-apoptotic proteins were detected by Western Blot assay, and, besides, mRNA expression was analysed with RT-PCR. In silico study of chrysin was performed to identify suitable inhibitors against the protein function. Results: Results indicated that chrysin enhanced the inhibitory effects of TRAIL (Tumour Necrosis Factor Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand) in comparison to TNF-α (tumour necrosis factor) on cell viability in L132 lung cancer cells and altered nuclear morphology of cells was observed in DAPI (4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining after 48 hrs treatment. Treatment with chrysin enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis by increasing the expression of apoptosis-related proteins including caspase-3, 8, 9 and Bax, whereas the expression of Bcl-2 was decreased. Chrysin was docked with caspase-3, 8, 9, Bax, and Bcl-2 proteins to identify suitable inhibitors against the protein function.Conclusion: We concluded that chrysin sensitizes lung cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis and may be considered for future studies as a promising therapeutic candidate for human lung cancer.","PeriodicalId":8848,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82050696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.31557/APJCB.2019.4.1.15-22
M. Norouzian, Sima balouchi-anaraki
For more progress in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) immuno-oncology, further understanding of interactions between tumor and immune system as well as factors in the tumor microenvironment is required. HNSCC is seriously infiltrated by lymphocytes but is known to be highly immunosuppressive. The aim of this review is to highlight the complexity of tumor microenvironment and tumor- immune cells interaction in the HNSCC, in order to improve understanding of tumorigenesis and disease progression in HNSCC patient and to provide valuable information about prognostic markers. The main goal of this review is to discuss the role of the tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in tumor progression, their cross-talk with other components of the tumor microenvironment as well as their roles in carcinogenesis, metastasis process, treatment, and prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.
{"title":"Tumor Microenvironment in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Focus on Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes","authors":"M. Norouzian, Sima balouchi-anaraki","doi":"10.31557/APJCB.2019.4.1.15-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/APJCB.2019.4.1.15-22","url":null,"abstract":"For more progress in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) immuno-oncology, further understanding of interactions between tumor and immune system as well as factors in the tumor microenvironment is required. HNSCC is seriously infiltrated by lymphocytes but is known to be highly immunosuppressive. The aim of this review is to highlight the complexity of tumor microenvironment and tumor- immune cells interaction in the HNSCC, in order to improve understanding of tumorigenesis and disease progression in HNSCC patient and to provide valuable information about prognostic markers. The main goal of this review is to discuss the role of the tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in tumor progression, their cross-talk with other components of the tumor microenvironment as well as their roles in carcinogenesis, metastasis process, treatment, and prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.","PeriodicalId":8848,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81925096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-09DOI: 10.31557/apjcb.2019.4.1.15-18
Z. Khalili, M. Moghanibashi, A. Ghaderi
Introduction and Objectives: Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers throughout the world and it is classified as a multifactorial disease. F11R is one of the genes whose role in different cancers is proven. As miR-335-5p and miR-638 are involved in the control of F11R gene expression, and rs61803665 in the F11R gene is located at the binding site to this miRs, we investigated the possible association of this polymorphism with the risk of gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: 189 gastric cancer patients and 190 healthy individuals were enrolled in this case-control study. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples of the patient and the control groups. Using PCR-RLFP technique, the genotype of all samples for rs61803665 in the F11R gene was determined. The results were analyzed statistically using logistic regression and Chi-square tests. Results: The frequency of genotype AA, AG and GG in the control group were 27.90%, 40.52%, and 31.58%, respectively. The frequency of genotype AA, AG and GG in the patient groups were 24.34%, 30.68%, and 44.98%, respectively. The frequency of allele A and allele G in the control group were 48.15% and 51.85%, respectively. Besides, the frequency of allele A and allele G in the patient groups were 39.68% and 60.32%, respectively. Based on the results of statistical tests, there is a significant correlation between the risk of gastric cancer and genotype GG (P = 0.008, OR = 1.771, % 95CI=1.164-2.693) and allele G (P = 0/019, OR = 1/412, 95% CI = 1/059-1/883).Conclusion: This study showed that there is an association between allele G at the rs61803665 in the F11R gene and the increased risk of gastric cancer.
{"title":"Association of rs61803665 Polymorphism in the F11R Gene with Increased Risk of Gastric Cancer","authors":"Z. Khalili, M. Moghanibashi, A. Ghaderi","doi":"10.31557/apjcb.2019.4.1.15-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcb.2019.4.1.15-18","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Objectives: Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers throughout the world and it is classified as a multifactorial disease. F11R is one of the genes whose role in different cancers is proven. As miR-335-5p and miR-638 are involved in the control of F11R gene expression, and rs61803665 in the F11R gene is located at the binding site to this miRs, we investigated the possible association of this polymorphism with the risk of gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: 189 gastric cancer patients and 190 healthy individuals were enrolled in this case-control study. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples of the patient and the control groups. Using PCR-RLFP technique, the genotype of all samples for rs61803665 in the F11R gene was determined. The results were analyzed statistically using logistic regression and Chi-square tests. Results: The frequency of genotype AA, AG and GG in the control group were 27.90%, 40.52%, and 31.58%, respectively. The frequency of genotype AA, AG and GG in the patient groups were 24.34%, 30.68%, and 44.98%, respectively. The frequency of allele A and allele G in the control group were 48.15% and 51.85%, respectively. Besides, the frequency of allele A and allele G in the patient groups were 39.68% and 60.32%, respectively. Based on the results of statistical tests, there is a significant correlation between the risk of gastric cancer and genotype GG (P = 0.008, OR = 1.771, % 95CI=1.164-2.693) and allele G (P = 0/019, OR = 1/412, 95% CI = 1/059-1/883).Conclusion: This study showed that there is an association between allele G at the rs61803665 in the F11R gene and the increased risk of gastric cancer.","PeriodicalId":8848,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology","volume":"157 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87888344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-05DOI: 10.31557/APJCB.2019.4.1.11-14
N. Alwahaibi, Mai Mohammed Alrubkhi, U. R. Bai
Human papilloma virus (HPV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) are common microorganisms investigated in the diagnosis of cervical abnormalities, however other microorganisms have received less attention. This study aimed to identify different microorganisms present in cervical smears as well as to determine the association between those microorganisms and cervical abnormalities. A retrospective study was conducted from January 2008 to December 2012, evaluating the presence of microorganisms in cervical smears. The association between the microorganisms and cervical abnormalities was studied by using the odds ratio and relative risk tests. A total of 7112 cervical smears were analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 39.13 years (range 17 – 80). Bacteria were the most common microorganism but it showed no association with cervical abnormalities. HPV, HSV and Trichomonas vaginalis are the least common but showed a positive association with a relative risk of 16.59, 7.23 and 1.15 respectively. Bacteria and fungi are the most common microorganisms present in cervical smears but they are not associated with cervical abnormalities whereas HPV and HSV are less common but they are associated with cervical abnormalities.
{"title":"Evaluation of Microorganisms in Cervical Smears: A Single Institutional Experience","authors":"N. Alwahaibi, Mai Mohammed Alrubkhi, U. R. Bai","doi":"10.31557/APJCB.2019.4.1.11-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/APJCB.2019.4.1.11-14","url":null,"abstract":"Human papilloma virus (HPV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) are common microorganisms investigated in the diagnosis of cervical abnormalities, however other microorganisms have received less attention. This study aimed to identify different microorganisms present in cervical smears as well as to determine the association between those microorganisms and cervical abnormalities. A retrospective study was conducted from January 2008 to December 2012, evaluating the presence of microorganisms in cervical smears. The association between the microorganisms and cervical abnormalities was studied by using the odds ratio and relative risk tests. A total of 7112 cervical smears were analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 39.13 years (range 17 – 80). Bacteria were the most common microorganism but it showed no association with cervical abnormalities. HPV, HSV and Trichomonas vaginalis are the least common but showed a positive association with a relative risk of 16.59, 7.23 and 1.15 respectively. Bacteria and fungi are the most common microorganisms present in cervical smears but they are not associated with cervical abnormalities whereas HPV and HSV are less common but they are associated with cervical abnormalities.","PeriodicalId":8848,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85373462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-03DOI: 10.31557/APJCB.2019.4.1.7-10
Ebtihal Ahmed Babekir, N. Abdelateif, Saadia Osman Adelrahim, R. Hassan, I. Ibrahim
Background: Glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme levels are associated with risk of many types of cancers, including hematological malignancies. In this study we here aimed to investigate the relationship between GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms and the risk of AML. Conflicts in the published results and the absence of similar in-depth studies in Sudan prompted us to perform the present case-control study to determine the frequency of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms in AML patients and their possible association with AML in a Sudanese population.Materials and Methods: A total of 40 patients with AML and 40 control subjects were enrolled in this study. Blood samples were collected from all patients in EDTA containing tubes. Genomic DNA was extracted from all blood samples using salting out method. Genotyping for detection of GSTM1, and GSTT1 polymorphisms was performed for both patients and controls using a multiplex PCR. Results: We reported that there is an association between the GSTM1 null genotype and AML risk (OR= 2.7, 95% CI= 1.2-6.04; P.value = 0.012), the GSTT1 null genotype appeared also to have an influence in the development of AML (OR= 4.93, 95% CI= 1.6-15.07; P.value = 0.005).Conclusion: These findings indicate that genetic variants of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes may increase individual susceptibility to AML.
{"title":"GSTM1 and GSTT1 Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Case-control Study of the Sudanese Population","authors":"Ebtihal Ahmed Babekir, N. Abdelateif, Saadia Osman Adelrahim, R. Hassan, I. Ibrahim","doi":"10.31557/APJCB.2019.4.1.7-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/APJCB.2019.4.1.7-10","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme levels are associated with risk of many types of cancers, including hematological malignancies. In this study we here aimed to investigate the relationship between GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms and the risk of AML. Conflicts in the published results and the absence of similar in-depth studies in Sudan prompted us to perform the present case-control study to determine the frequency of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms in AML patients and their possible association with AML in a Sudanese population.Materials and Methods: A total of 40 patients with AML and 40 control subjects were enrolled in this study. Blood samples were collected from all patients in EDTA containing tubes. Genomic DNA was extracted from all blood samples using salting out method. Genotyping for detection of GSTM1, and GSTT1 polymorphisms was performed for both patients and controls using a multiplex PCR. Results: We reported that there is an association between the GSTM1 null genotype and AML risk (OR= 2.7, 95% CI= 1.2-6.04; P.value = 0.012), the GSTT1 null genotype appeared also to have an influence in the development of AML (OR= 4.93, 95% CI= 1.6-15.07; P.value = 0.005).Conclusion: These findings indicate that genetic variants of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes may increase individual susceptibility to AML.","PeriodicalId":8848,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76965786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-21DOI: 10.31557/APJCB.2019.4.1.1-5
H. Sabit, Shaimaa Nazir, Shaimma Abdel-Ghany, Osama A. M. Said, Eman Wagih, Omnia M. Badawy, Ashraf Alzayyat, A. Alqosaibi, E. Çevik, H. Tombuloglu, M. El-Zawahri
Being the most common cause of female deaths worldwide, breast cancer (BC) is intensively studied over the last two decades. In the present investigation, we evaluated the promoter methylation of three cancer-related genes; PARP-1, p21, and Rb in 10 bi-matched BC samples (ductal carcinoma and lobular carcinoma) included the core tumor and the adjacent normal tissue. H&E-stained histopathological sectioning revealed grade 2 and grade 3 tumor cells. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) was performed using methylated (M) and unmethylated (U) primers for the three genes understudy. Histone acetyltransferase was measured in tumor and healthy tissues. A variation in the methylation state of the promoter region of the three genes were observed in core tumor and healthy tissue. PARP and Rb were hypermethylated in tumor tissues while p21 was partially methylated. HAT activities were positively correlated with the methylation pattern observed in healthy tissues, as HAT was highly expressed in healthy vs. tumor tissues. The obtained data might indicate that patients might be at risk of BC recurrence after being subjected to mastectomy. These data could be employed as a core in epigenetic-based data mining to establish a model for predicting the breast cancer-predisposed patients. However, further investigations are needed to fulfill this goal.
{"title":"Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase Promoter Hypermethylation Predispose Females to Breast Cancer","authors":"H. Sabit, Shaimaa Nazir, Shaimma Abdel-Ghany, Osama A. M. Said, Eman Wagih, Omnia M. Badawy, Ashraf Alzayyat, A. Alqosaibi, E. Çevik, H. Tombuloglu, M. El-Zawahri","doi":"10.31557/APJCB.2019.4.1.1-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/APJCB.2019.4.1.1-5","url":null,"abstract":"Being the most common cause of female deaths worldwide, breast cancer (BC) is intensively studied over the last two decades. In the present investigation, we evaluated the promoter methylation of three cancer-related genes; PARP-1, p21, and Rb in 10 bi-matched BC samples (ductal carcinoma and lobular carcinoma) included the core tumor and the adjacent normal tissue. H&E-stained histopathological sectioning revealed grade 2 and grade 3 tumor cells. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) was performed using methylated (M) and unmethylated (U) primers for the three genes understudy. Histone acetyltransferase was measured in tumor and healthy tissues. A variation in the methylation state of the promoter region of the three genes were observed in core tumor and healthy tissue. PARP and Rb were hypermethylated in tumor tissues while p21 was partially methylated. HAT activities were positively correlated with the methylation pattern observed in healthy tissues, as HAT was highly expressed in healthy vs. tumor tissues. The obtained data might indicate that patients might be at risk of BC recurrence after being subjected to mastectomy. These data could be employed as a core in epigenetic-based data mining to establish a model for predicting the breast cancer-predisposed patients. However, further investigations are needed to fulfill this goal.","PeriodicalId":8848,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74559038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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