Pub Date : 2022-06-07DOI: 10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.2.133-141
Nur Mahirah Amani Mohammad, M. Shahril, S. Shahar, N. Rajab, R. R. Raja Ali, Z. M. Mohd Azman, S. Baharum, Abrar Noor Akramin Kamarudin, F. Chung, R. Sharif
Background: Personalised nutrition and medicine are the future of healthcare. In relation to cancer, public and healthcare professionals often seek dietary recommendations for cancer prevention. Among the important cancers that can be prevented by diet and lifestyle is colorectal cancer (CRC). CRC is one of the commonest cancers globally, and is a major health concern in Malaysia as it presents with high mortality and morbidity rates, causing a significant socioeconomic burden to the country. While extensive research has been conducted on the treatment and mechanisms of cancer, there have been no reports on the associations between metabolites, novel biomarkers of cancer, and dietary patterns in the context of cancer prevention in the Malaysian multiethnic population. Methods: A case control study will be conducted in Malaysia, involving patients diagnosed with CRC, colorectal adenoma and a group of healthy participants. Multiple endpoints will be analyzed, namely metabolomic signatures, epigenetic marks, inflammatory markers and relationship with dietary patterns will be established. Multiple machine learning models will then be used to develop personalised risk stratification algorithms. Recruitment began in July 2019 and is ongoing due to COVID-19 pandemic. Discussion: This study will be the first to identify alterations in metabolites, inflammatory markers and epigenetic marks associated with dietary patterns and CRC risk in Malaysia. Understanding on how dietary patterns influence CRC risk in the multi-ethnic Malaysian population and identification of novel oncometabolites for CRC risk, will allow for development of personalised evidence-based recommendations in reducing individual risks of CRC.
{"title":"Characterization of Multiple Omics Signatures in Relation to Dietary Pattern for in Silico Personalised Colon Cancer Risk Stratification: Study Protocol for a Case-control Study and the Challenges Faced During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Nur Mahirah Amani Mohammad, M. Shahril, S. Shahar, N. Rajab, R. R. Raja Ali, Z. M. Mohd Azman, S. Baharum, Abrar Noor Akramin Kamarudin, F. Chung, R. Sharif","doi":"10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.2.133-141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.2.133-141","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Personalised nutrition and medicine are the future of healthcare. In relation to cancer, public and healthcare professionals often seek dietary recommendations for cancer prevention. Among the important cancers that can be prevented by diet and lifestyle is colorectal cancer (CRC). CRC is one of the commonest cancers globally, and is a major health concern in Malaysia as it presents with high mortality and morbidity rates, causing a significant socioeconomic burden to the country. While extensive research has been conducted on the treatment and mechanisms of cancer, there have been no reports on the associations between metabolites, novel biomarkers of cancer, and dietary patterns in the context of cancer prevention in the Malaysian multiethnic population. Methods: A case control study will be conducted in Malaysia, involving patients diagnosed with CRC, colorectal adenoma and a group of healthy participants. Multiple endpoints will be analyzed, namely metabolomic signatures, epigenetic marks, inflammatory markers and relationship with dietary patterns will be established. Multiple machine learning models will then be used to develop personalised risk stratification algorithms. Recruitment began in July 2019 and is ongoing due to COVID-19 pandemic. Discussion: This study will be the first to identify alterations in metabolites, inflammatory markers and epigenetic marks associated with dietary patterns and CRC risk in Malaysia. Understanding on how dietary patterns influence CRC risk in the multi-ethnic Malaysian population and identification of novel oncometabolites for CRC risk, will allow for development of personalised evidence-based recommendations in reducing individual risks of CRC.","PeriodicalId":8848,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88836970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-28DOI: 10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.2.125-132
Anan Omar, A. Bahnassy, Rabab Gaafer, Eman D. El Desouky, A. Medhat
Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (K-RAS) are the most common driver genes in patients with non-small cell lung cancer adenocarcinomas (NSCLC/ADC), which affects treatment. Therefore, this study determines the frequency and patterns of EGFR and K-RAS mutations in Egyptian patients with NSCLC/ADC and correlates them with clinicopathological features. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 139 patients diagnosed with NSCLC/ADC and screened for EGFR and K-RAS mutations was conducted; further evaluating clinicopathological characteristics and mutational status. Results: This study included 101 males and 38 females with a median age of 57.7 ± 10.5 years. EGFR mutations were detected in 22.3% (12.2% in exon 19, 8.6% in exon 21, and 1.4% in exon 18) and K-RAS mutations in 17.3% (15.8% in codon 12 and 1.4% in codon 13), whereas combined mutations were detected in nine patients (6.5%). Furthermore, EGFR mutations were non-significantly more common in females and nonsmokers, contradicting K-RAS mutations, which were more common in males and smokers. Conclusion: EGFR and K-RAS mutations are common in Egyptian patients with NSCLC/ADC (National Cancer Institute experience). Their incidences were between the Asian Pacific and Europeans. Also, their mutations led to dysregulation in tyrosine kinase activity, which correlates with the late disease stage and poor progression. Therefore, analyzing them should be done to determine a better treatment method and predict survival outcomes.
{"title":"Assessing Mutations in Treatment Response-related Genes in Egyptian Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer","authors":"Anan Omar, A. Bahnassy, Rabab Gaafer, Eman D. El Desouky, A. Medhat","doi":"10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.2.125-132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.2.125-132","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (K-RAS) are the most common driver genes in patients with non-small cell lung cancer adenocarcinomas (NSCLC/ADC), which affects treatment. Therefore, this study determines the frequency and patterns of EGFR and K-RAS mutations in Egyptian patients with NSCLC/ADC and correlates them with clinicopathological features. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 139 patients diagnosed with NSCLC/ADC and screened for EGFR and K-RAS mutations was conducted; further evaluating clinicopathological characteristics and mutational status. Results: This study included 101 males and 38 females with a median age of 57.7 ± 10.5 years. EGFR mutations were detected in 22.3% (12.2% in exon 19, 8.6% in exon 21, and 1.4% in exon 18) and K-RAS mutations in 17.3% (15.8% in codon 12 and 1.4% in codon 13), whereas combined mutations were detected in nine patients (6.5%). Furthermore, EGFR mutations were non-significantly more common in females and nonsmokers, contradicting K-RAS mutations, which were more common in males and smokers. Conclusion: EGFR and K-RAS mutations are common in Egyptian patients with NSCLC/ADC (National Cancer Institute experience). Their incidences were between the Asian Pacific and Europeans. Also, their mutations led to dysregulation in tyrosine kinase activity, which correlates with the late disease stage and poor progression. Therefore, analyzing them should be done to determine a better treatment method and predict survival outcomes.","PeriodicalId":8848,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74229980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-18DOI: 10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.2.121-123
Julekha Khatun, Tarim Mahmood
Objectives: Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor of females; the incidence increases with age. Bone is the most common site to which breast cancer metastasizes. Between 30% to 85% of patients with metastatic breast cancer develop bone metastases during the course of the disease. Carbohydrate antigen (CA) 15-3 is a circulating human breast cancer associated antigen used as a tumor marker in the screening of breast cancer patients for metastasis. The objective of this study was to compare the levels of CA 15-3 and bone scan findings in patients with breast cancer. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was carried out at Rajshahi medical college hospital, Rajshahi, from January 2018 to December 2019. A total of 90 diagnosed breast cancer patients were enrolled in this study. Among them 45 patient was with normal CA 15-3 level and 45 patient was with elevated CA 15-3 level. All of them underwent bone scan. The tumor maker CA 15-3 was compared with bone scan findings. Results: Mean age of the patients was 46.62 ± 8.67 years (range 33 to 67 years). Among 45 patients with normal CA 15-3 level, bone scan was negative for metastasis in 39 (86.66%) patients with CA 15-3 level 14.96 ± 9.72U/ml and positive for metastasis in 6 (13.33%) patient with CA 15-3 level 23.3 ± 2.96U/ml. Out of 45 patients with elevated CA 15-3 level 11 (24.44%) had negative bone scan with CA 15-3 level 92.5 ± 19.89 U/ml whereas 34 (75.55%) patient had positive bone scan findings with CA 15-3 level 413.83 ± 362.83U/ml. In current study, Pearson’s correlation coefficient test showed positive relation, for elevated CA 15-3 level and Bone scan findings there was (r = 0.853, p = 0.00001) and for normal CA15-3 level and bone scan finding (r = 0.449, p = 0. 0019). Conclusion: The result of this study showed positive relationship between the bone scan findings and CA 15-3 level of breast carcinoma patients.
{"title":"Correlation between CA-15-3 and Bone Scan findings in patients with Carcinoma Breast","authors":"Julekha Khatun, Tarim Mahmood","doi":"10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.2.121-123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.2.121-123","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor of females; the incidence increases with age. Bone is the most common site to which breast cancer metastasizes. Between 30% to 85% of patients with metastatic breast cancer develop bone metastases during the course of the disease. Carbohydrate antigen (CA) 15-3 is a circulating human breast cancer associated antigen used as a tumor marker in the screening of breast cancer patients for metastasis. The objective of this study was to compare the levels of CA 15-3 and bone scan findings in patients with breast cancer. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was carried out at Rajshahi medical college hospital, Rajshahi, from January 2018 to December 2019. A total of 90 diagnosed breast cancer patients were enrolled in this study. Among them 45 patient was with normal CA 15-3 level and 45 patient was with elevated CA 15-3 level. All of them underwent bone scan. The tumor maker CA 15-3 was compared with bone scan findings. Results: Mean age of the patients was 46.62 ± 8.67 years (range 33 to 67 years). Among 45 patients with normal CA 15-3 level, bone scan was negative for metastasis in 39 (86.66%) patients with CA 15-3 level 14.96 ± 9.72U/ml and positive for metastasis in 6 (13.33%) patient with CA 15-3 level 23.3 ± 2.96U/ml. Out of 45 patients with elevated CA 15-3 level 11 (24.44%) had negative bone scan with CA 15-3 level 92.5 ± 19.89 U/ml whereas 34 (75.55%) patient had positive bone scan findings with CA 15-3 level 413.83 ± 362.83U/ml. In current study, Pearson’s correlation coefficient test showed positive relation, for elevated CA 15-3 level and Bone scan findings there was (r = 0.853, p = 0.00001) and for normal CA15-3 level and bone scan finding (r = 0.449, p = 0. 0019). Conclusion: The result of this study showed positive relationship between the bone scan findings and CA 15-3 level of breast carcinoma patients.","PeriodicalId":8848,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89021302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-12DOI: 10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.2.111-114
Abdelsalam Y Azza, Abdelwadoud Mohamed Elfatih, Musa E.A.Arwa, Fadla Almula. A Huda
Oesophageal cancer is the sixth most common cancer among males and the ninth among the females worldwide. The purpose of this study is to detect association of Human papilloma virus subtype 16 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Khartoum state Hospitals by polymerase chain reaction method. A retrospective descriptive study of archival formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue from Esophageal Squamous cells carcinoma specimens acquired at Omdurman Teaching hospital, Alribat, IbnSina Hospital and Military hospital. 50 were used to detect HPV-16 by DNA Extraction and polymerase chain reaction method (PCR). PCR was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 50 patients with ESCCS. PCR detection method was used to detect the role of HPV-16. SPSS was used to analyze the data, the role of HPV-16 and the histological grade of tumors was determined. In 18 % of cases, the presence of HPV-16 was positive in the ages above 40 years old (54.2%). Females predominantly affected by squamous cellscarcinoma (22.6%). The most common histological differentiation observed with high rate of human papilloma virus type 16 was found in poorly differentiated squamous cells carcinoma (20%). The frequency of human papilloma virus type -16 was statistically insignificant associated by gender, age and histological differentiation. (P value < 0.05).
{"title":"Detection of Human Papillomavirus Subtype 16 in Esophageal Squamous Cells Carcinoma in Sudanese Patients","authors":"Abdelsalam Y Azza, Abdelwadoud Mohamed Elfatih, Musa E.A.Arwa, Fadla Almula. A Huda","doi":"10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.2.111-114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.2.111-114","url":null,"abstract":"Oesophageal cancer is the sixth most common cancer among males and the ninth among the females worldwide. The purpose of this study is to detect association of Human papilloma virus subtype 16 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Khartoum state Hospitals by polymerase chain reaction method. A retrospective descriptive study of archival formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue from Esophageal Squamous cells carcinoma specimens acquired at Omdurman Teaching hospital, Alribat, IbnSina Hospital and Military hospital. 50 were used to detect HPV-16 by DNA Extraction and polymerase chain reaction method (PCR). PCR was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 50 patients with ESCCS. PCR detection method was used to detect the role of HPV-16. SPSS was used to analyze the data, the role of HPV-16 and the histological grade of tumors was determined. In 18 % of cases, the presence of HPV-16 was positive in the ages above 40 years old (54.2%). Females predominantly affected by squamous cellscarcinoma (22.6%). The most common histological differentiation observed with high rate of human papilloma virus type 16 was found in poorly differentiated squamous cells carcinoma (20%). The frequency of human papilloma virus type -16 was statistically insignificant associated by gender, age and histological differentiation. (P value < 0.05).","PeriodicalId":8848,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74905619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-12DOI: 10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.2.115-120
A. Glushkov, Elena G. Polenok, Lyudmila A. Gordeeva, Stella A. Mun, M. Kostyanko, Alexandr V. Antonov, Natalia E. Verzbitskaya, Ilgiz A. Vafin
Background: It is known that antibodies to steroid hormones are associated with some human diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus, thrombosis, recurrent pregnancy loss, autoimmune dermatitis et al.). There were no any data about action of specific autoantibodies on the sex hormones in hormone-dependent cancer patients. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the probable links between estradiol (Es) and progesterone (Pg) levels and autoantibodies of A-class specific to these hormones (IgA-Es and IgA-Pg) in the blood serum of healthy women and breast cancer patients. Patients and Methods: There were examined 521 nearly diagnosed breast carcinoma patients from Regional Clinical Oncology Dispensary (Kemerovo, Russian Federation) and 143 healthy women from Kemerovo (Russian Federation). The serum concentration of Es and Pg were analyzed by competitive immunoassay using specific monoclonal antibodies. The serum IgA-Pg and IgA-Es were analyzed by solid-phase non-competitive immunoassay using Pg and Es conjugated with bovine serum albumin as adsorbed antigens. The data analysis was performed using software STATISTICA 8.0 (Stat Soft Inc., USA).Results: We discovered that low ratios Pg/Es<4.3 were associated with breast cancer. Personal IgA-Pg/IgA-Es ratios negatively correlated with Es levels and positively correlated with Pg levels and Pg/Es ratios in compared groups. The influence of IgA-Pg/IgA-Es ratio on the hormones levels and their ratio in heathy women was more strong than in breast cancer patients. Conclusions: Our clinical results correspond to the known experimental data about influence of specific antibodies on the levels of steroid hormones in immunized animals. Human autoantibodies to Es and Pg could stimulate or inhibit promotion of carcinogenesis by influence on Pg/Es ratio depending on individual IgA-Pg/IgA-Es ratio.
{"title":"Influence of Autoantibodies to Estradiol and Progesterone on the Blood Serum Hormones Concentrations in Postmenopausal Healthy Women and Breast Cancer Patients","authors":"A. Glushkov, Elena G. Polenok, Lyudmila A. Gordeeva, Stella A. Mun, M. Kostyanko, Alexandr V. Antonov, Natalia E. Verzbitskaya, Ilgiz A. Vafin","doi":"10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.2.115-120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.2.115-120","url":null,"abstract":"Background: It is known that antibodies to steroid hormones are associated with some human diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus, thrombosis, recurrent pregnancy loss, autoimmune dermatitis et al.). There were no any data about action of specific autoantibodies on the sex hormones in hormone-dependent cancer patients. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the probable links between estradiol (Es) and progesterone (Pg) levels and autoantibodies of A-class specific to these hormones (IgA-Es and IgA-Pg) in the blood serum of healthy women and breast cancer patients. Patients and Methods: There were examined 521 nearly diagnosed breast carcinoma patients from Regional Clinical Oncology Dispensary (Kemerovo, Russian Federation) and 143 healthy women from Kemerovo (Russian Federation). The serum concentration of Es and Pg were analyzed by competitive immunoassay using specific monoclonal antibodies. The serum IgA-Pg and IgA-Es were analyzed by solid-phase non-competitive immunoassay using Pg and Es conjugated with bovine serum albumin as adsorbed antigens. The data analysis was performed using software STATISTICA 8.0 (Stat Soft Inc., USA).Results: We discovered that low ratios Pg/Es<4.3 were associated with breast cancer. Personal IgA-Pg/IgA-Es ratios negatively correlated with Es levels and positively correlated with Pg levels and Pg/Es ratios in compared groups. The influence of IgA-Pg/IgA-Es ratio on the hormones levels and their ratio in heathy women was more strong than in breast cancer patients. Conclusions: Our clinical results correspond to the known experimental data about influence of specific antibodies on the levels of steroid hormones in immunized animals. Human autoantibodies to Es and Pg could stimulate or inhibit promotion of carcinogenesis by influence on Pg/Es ratio depending on individual IgA-Pg/IgA-Es ratio.","PeriodicalId":8848,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89027430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-17DOI: 10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.1.97-109
Subhrendu Ghosh, Meghna Bhattacharjee, N. Jana
TP53 proto-oncogene constitutes tumor induction in more than 50% of human cancers as it is mutated frequently in a wide range of cell lines. The transcription of TP53 is postulated to be autoregulated via either binding with TBP and CBF or via direct interaction of p53 protein with TP53 promoter, though further investigation is needed to acknowledge it. Alteration in pathways, regulated through wild type, by mutant p53 (Mutp53) give rise to immortality through interaction with other transcription factors or inducing receptor tyrosine kinases and other signal components. The missense mutation is more frequent constituting more than 60% among all mainly because of the high rate of G>A or C>T transitions in TP53, giving rise to mutation hotspots in R248, R273, etc. In addition to the loss of function, mutations in the TP53 gene also confers oncogenic functions that are not found in wild type p53, referred to as Gain of Function (GOF). GOF mutp53 has been found to promote metastasis, cell proliferation, cell stemness, metabolic reprogramming as well as chemoresistance. Mutp53 also inhibits the wild type effect that is referred to as the Dominant negative effect (DNE). Understanding the mechanisms behind GOF activities, how they promote chemoresistance, and targeting mutp53 will help in improving the treatment of many human cancers with TP53 mutations.
{"title":"Gene Regulation by p53 in Human Cancer System","authors":"Subhrendu Ghosh, Meghna Bhattacharjee, N. Jana","doi":"10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.1.97-109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.1.97-109","url":null,"abstract":"TP53 proto-oncogene constitutes tumor induction in more than 50% of human cancers as it is mutated frequently in a wide range of cell lines. The transcription of TP53 is postulated to be autoregulated via either binding with TBP and CBF or via direct interaction of p53 protein with TP53 promoter, though further investigation is needed to acknowledge it. Alteration in pathways, regulated through wild type, by mutant p53 (Mutp53) give rise to immortality through interaction with other transcription factors or inducing receptor tyrosine kinases and other signal components. The missense mutation is more frequent constituting more than 60% among all mainly because of the high rate of G>A or C>T transitions in TP53, giving rise to mutation hotspots in R248, R273, etc. In addition to the loss of function, mutations in the TP53 gene also confers oncogenic functions that are not found in wild type p53, referred to as Gain of Function (GOF). GOF mutp53 has been found to promote metastasis, cell proliferation, cell stemness, metabolic reprogramming as well as chemoresistance. Mutp53 also inhibits the wild type effect that is referred to as the Dominant negative effect (DNE). Understanding the mechanisms behind GOF activities, how they promote chemoresistance, and targeting mutp53 will help in improving the treatment of many human cancers with TP53 mutations.","PeriodicalId":8848,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology","volume":"2014 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73886364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-13DOI: 10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.1.75-96
Isaac Karimi
This review was aimed to assess the anti-cancer properties of Moringa oleifera Lamarck. (Moringaceae: MO) reported from 1998 till 10 November 2021. A total 71 PubMed relevant papers were discussed here. Among all parts of MO which used to assess antitumor activities, the leaves (52%), seeds (22%), pods (7%), and phytocompounds (7%; like moringin and its congeners) would be considered as a source of putative phyto-onco-lytics or phyto-onco-statics. The partitioning of secondary metabolites with pharmacological value in source (leaf) and sink (roots, flowers, pods, callus, and fruits) organs of MO dictates the best choice of the solvents for their extraction. The polar: water (29%) > ethanol (17%) > methanol (13%) > hydro-alcohol (11%); intermediate polar: dichloromethane (4%); and nonpolar: n-hexane = ethyl acetate (7%) > chloroform (3% of studies) solvents have been employed for extractions among studies. The human colorectal cancer, leukemia, non-small cell adenocarcinoma, and breast cancer consisted 22, 14,10, and 8% of screened studies, respectively and the rest of tumors consisted less than 5% of studies. The in vitro (51%), in vivo chemically induced model (21%), and tumor graft models (8%) were reported and there were no clinical trials among studies. Totally, from 118 cell lines used, healthy cell lines (control; n = 19), MCF-7 (n = 12), HepG2 (n = 12), and Hela (n = 6) consisted top list amongst studies. From 76 anti-cancer portals curated amongst studies, induction of apoptosis (n = 29), anti-proliferation (n = 17), anti-angiogenesis (n = 8), and DNA/RNA fragmentation (n = 6) were the main antitumor portals and the cytotoxicity and anti-inflammation may be considered as minor ones. To sum up, the rational extraction and purification of MO, phytochemistry, and computational and experimental pharmacology of various extracts of MO should be pursued to decipher phyto-onco-lytic and/or phyto-onco-static drug-like phytocompounds suitable to be employed in clinical trials.
{"title":"Moringa oleifera Lamarck (1785), Moringaceae and Cancer I: A Systematic and Comprehensive Review of 24 Years of Research","authors":"Isaac Karimi","doi":"10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.1.75-96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.1.75-96","url":null,"abstract":"This review was aimed to assess the anti-cancer properties of Moringa oleifera Lamarck. (Moringaceae: MO) reported from 1998 till 10 November 2021. A total 71 PubMed relevant papers were discussed here. Among all parts of MO which used to assess antitumor activities, the leaves (52%), seeds (22%), pods (7%), and phytocompounds (7%; like moringin and its congeners) would be considered as a source of putative phyto-onco-lytics or phyto-onco-statics. The partitioning of secondary metabolites with pharmacological value in source (leaf) and sink (roots, flowers, pods, callus, and fruits) organs of MO dictates the best choice of the solvents for their extraction. The polar: water (29%) > ethanol (17%) > methanol (13%) > hydro-alcohol (11%); intermediate polar: dichloromethane (4%); and nonpolar: n-hexane = ethyl acetate (7%) > chloroform (3% of studies) solvents have been employed for extractions among studies. The human colorectal cancer, leukemia, non-small cell adenocarcinoma, and breast cancer consisted 22, 14,10, and 8% of screened studies, respectively and the rest of tumors consisted less than 5% of studies. The in vitro (51%), in vivo chemically induced model (21%), and tumor graft models (8%) were reported and there were no clinical trials among studies. Totally, from 118 cell lines used, healthy cell lines (control; n = 19), MCF-7 (n = 12), HepG2 (n = 12), and Hela (n = 6) consisted top list amongst studies. From 76 anti-cancer portals curated amongst studies, induction of apoptosis (n = 29), anti-proliferation (n = 17), anti-angiogenesis (n = 8), and DNA/RNA fragmentation (n = 6) were the main antitumor portals and the cytotoxicity and anti-inflammation may be considered as minor ones. To sum up, the rational extraction and purification of MO, phytochemistry, and computational and experimental pharmacology of various extracts of MO should be pursued to decipher phyto-onco-lytic and/or phyto-onco-static drug-like phytocompounds suitable to be employed in clinical trials. ","PeriodicalId":8848,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78146162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-13DOI: 10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.1.29-35
Namrah Bashir, M. Asif, I. Malik, Nighat Araa, Farhat Rashid, H. Uddin, A. Bashir, Numrah Shakeel Malik
Objective: To determine the Immunohistochemical expression of BRAF V600E and Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in ameloblastoma and correlate the expression with age and gender of patients, and patterns and types of ameloblastoma. Material & Methods: 39 cases were retrieved with their formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded blocks, trimmed and cut into 5 microns sections. They were mounted on slides after staining with routine hematoxylin and eosin followed by Immunohistochemical staining of BRAF V600E and EGFR. Mean and standard deviation were calculated for quantitative variables. Frequency and percentages were calculated for qualitative variables. Chi-square test was employed to assess the significance of difference. The p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: There were 19 (41.2%) males and 20 (48.7%) female patients. The mean age of patients at which they presented was 39.97 ± 15.505 (mean ± SD) with an age range between 12 to 65 years. 25 (64.1 %) cases showed positive expression of BRAF V600E and 14 (35.8 %) cases showed negative expression of BRAF V600E. 27 (69.2 %) cases showed positive expression of EGFR whereas 6 (15.3 %) cases showed negative expression of EGFR. The p-value was ≤ 0.05 for expression of BRAF V600E with respect to patterns of ameloblastoma and tumor site and expression of EGFR with respect to sub-types of ameloblastoma.Conclusion: There is positive expression of BRAF V600E (64.1%) and EGFR (74.4%) in different sub-types and patterns of ameloblastoma. Correct assessment with the help of these markers can lead to early diagnosis and use of adjuvant treatment protocols
{"title":"Frequency of Expression of BRAF V600E and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) in Ameloblastoma","authors":"Namrah Bashir, M. Asif, I. Malik, Nighat Araa, Farhat Rashid, H. Uddin, A. Bashir, Numrah Shakeel Malik","doi":"10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.1.29-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.1.29-35","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the Immunohistochemical expression of BRAF V600E and Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in ameloblastoma and correlate the expression with age and gender of patients, and patterns and types of ameloblastoma. Material & Methods: 39 cases were retrieved with their formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded blocks, trimmed and cut into 5 microns sections. They were mounted on slides after staining with routine hematoxylin and eosin followed by Immunohistochemical staining of BRAF V600E and EGFR. Mean and standard deviation were calculated for quantitative variables. Frequency and percentages were calculated for qualitative variables. Chi-square test was employed to assess the significance of difference. The p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: There were 19 (41.2%) males and 20 (48.7%) female patients. The mean age of patients at which they presented was 39.97 ± 15.505 (mean ± SD) with an age range between 12 to 65 years. 25 (64.1 %) cases showed positive expression of BRAF V600E and 14 (35.8 %) cases showed negative expression of BRAF V600E. 27 (69.2 %) cases showed positive expression of EGFR whereas 6 (15.3 %) cases showed negative expression of EGFR. The p-value was ≤ 0.05 for expression of BRAF V600E with respect to patterns of ameloblastoma and tumor site and expression of EGFR with respect to sub-types of ameloblastoma.Conclusion: There is positive expression of BRAF V600E (64.1%) and EGFR (74.4%) in different sub-types and patterns of ameloblastoma. Correct assessment with the help of these markers can lead to early diagnosis and use of adjuvant treatment protocols","PeriodicalId":8848,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87352807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-23DOI: 10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.1.9-14
N. Ahmed, M. Mohammed
Background and Aim: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to be responsible for tumor initiation, progression, and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. CD133 is a trans-membrane glycoprotein which is considered as a putative CSCs marker. Emerging evidence suggests that CD133 may be a critical factor in tumor development, progression and metastasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of CD133 in mammary infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC), and to correlate its expression with some known clinicopathological parameters. Methods: Fifty patients with mammary IDC who underwent modified radical mastectomy were included in this study. From each specimen, two tissue sections were obtained; one was stained by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain to determine the histologic subtype, grade and indicators of local aggressiveness. The second tissue section was immunohistochemically stained by anti-human CD133 antibody. Results: The study revealed statistically significant associations between CD133 expression and poorly differentiated, advanced stage tumors with poor Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI), triple negative phenotype, lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and lymph node metastasis (LNM). Conclusion: The current study revealed that CD133 is strongly associated with poor prognostic indices; it is positively correlated to poorly-differentiated tumors with high histologic grade and advanced stage
{"title":"Significance of CD133 Expression in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast","authors":"N. Ahmed, M. Mohammed","doi":"10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.1.9-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.1.9-14","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to be responsible for tumor initiation, progression, and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. CD133 is a trans-membrane glycoprotein which is considered as a putative CSCs marker. Emerging evidence suggests that CD133 may be a critical factor in tumor development, progression and metastasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of CD133 in mammary infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC), and to correlate its expression with some known clinicopathological parameters. Methods: Fifty patients with mammary IDC who underwent modified radical mastectomy were included in this study. From each specimen, two tissue sections were obtained; one was stained by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain to determine the histologic subtype, grade and indicators of local aggressiveness. The second tissue section was immunohistochemically stained by anti-human CD133 antibody. Results: The study revealed statistically significant associations between CD133 expression and poorly differentiated, advanced stage tumors with poor Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI), triple negative phenotype, lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and lymph node metastasis (LNM). Conclusion: The current study revealed that CD133 is strongly associated with poor prognostic indices; it is positively correlated to poorly-differentiated tumors with high histologic grade and advanced stage \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":8848,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90133340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-23DOI: 10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.1.3-8
N. H. Radwan, Hadeer Ali Abdelkhalik, D. Elgayar, M. Elsharkawy
Background and objective: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary malignancy of the liver. Since the conventional tissue biopsy and AFP have limited value, a new promising diagnostic method” liquid biopsy” has emerged. Cell free DNA is one of the liquid biopsy corner stones along with circulating tumor cells. Aim of the work: The study aims to evaluate the role of cf-DNA in the prediction of HCC. Subjects and methods: Eighty newly diagnosed HCC cases and seventy seven apparently healthy individuals were recruited from the National Cancer Institute, Cairo University. Cf-DNA level is measured by Qubit fluorometer assay and AFP was measured by ELISA for control. Comparisons between quantitative variables were done using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallisand Mann-Whitney. Correlation between quantitative variables were done using Spearman correlation coefficient and a ROC curve was constructed with area under curve analysis performed to detect best cut off value of cf-DNA and AFP for detection of HCC. Results: The median cf-DNA and AFP levels were statistically significant higher in HCC patients (0,11ng/µl and 160.9 ng/ml respectively) than in control group (0.04 ng/ µl and 1.30 ng/ml respectively). Upon plotting ROC curve, cf-DNA and AFP gave a sensitivity of 78% and 93.7% respectively, a specificity of 59.7% and 92.2% respectively. The diagnostic value of cf-DNA in combination with AFP level has slightly improved the specificity (96.1%) on the expense of the sensitivity which was decreased (69.5%). Conclusion: Cf-DNA plays a role in the prediction of HCC but still AFP has the upper hand in the diagnosis of HCC in Egyptian population. Liquid biopsy still hasits own limitations. The techniques of colleting’ liquid”, and detection of cf-DNA must be standardized.
{"title":"Study the Role of Cell Free DNA in the Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, an Egyptian Study","authors":"N. H. Radwan, Hadeer Ali Abdelkhalik, D. Elgayar, M. Elsharkawy","doi":"10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.1.3-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.1.3-8","url":null,"abstract":" Background and objective: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary malignancy of the liver. Since the conventional tissue biopsy and AFP have limited value, a new promising diagnostic method” liquid biopsy” has emerged. Cell free DNA is one of the liquid biopsy corner stones along with circulating tumor cells. Aim of the work: The study aims to evaluate the role of cf-DNA in the prediction of HCC. Subjects and methods: Eighty newly diagnosed HCC cases and seventy seven apparently healthy individuals were recruited from the National Cancer Institute, Cairo University. Cf-DNA level is measured by Qubit fluorometer assay and AFP was measured by ELISA for control. Comparisons between quantitative variables were done using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallisand Mann-Whitney. Correlation between quantitative variables were done using Spearman correlation coefficient and a ROC curve was constructed with area under curve analysis performed to detect best cut off value of cf-DNA and AFP for detection of HCC. Results: The median cf-DNA and AFP levels were statistically significant higher in HCC patients (0,11ng/µl and 160.9 ng/ml respectively) than in control group (0.04 ng/ µl and 1.30 ng/ml respectively). Upon plotting ROC curve, cf-DNA and AFP gave a sensitivity of 78% and 93.7% respectively, a specificity of 59.7% and 92.2% respectively. The diagnostic value of cf-DNA in combination with AFP level has slightly improved the specificity (96.1%) on the expense of the sensitivity which was decreased (69.5%). Conclusion: Cf-DNA plays a role in the prediction of HCC but still AFP has the upper hand in the diagnosis of HCC in Egyptian population. Liquid biopsy still hasits own limitations. The techniques of colleting’ liquid”, and detection of cf-DNA must be standardized.","PeriodicalId":8848,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88186120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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