Pub Date : 2022-02-23DOI: 10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.1.15-20
M. Bekadja, Belkacem Mansour, H. Ouldjeriouat, L. Garderet, B. Benzineb, S. Bouchama, L. Charef, B. Entasoltan, N. Yafour, Sofiane Belaidi
Background: The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze early relapse in multiple myeloma (MM) in real life and to evaluate its impact on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Methods: Two groups of patients were identified according to the date of occurrence of relapse after autologous transplantation, within less than 24 months, defining early relapse (G1), or after more than 24 months, defining late relapse (G2). Results: A total of 307 patients with MM were enrolled, including 93 patients (30%) who had experienced relapse. There were 56 early relapses (18%) and 37 late relapses (12%). In G1 the median follow-up was 19.5 months (3-93), as compared to59 months (24-117) in G2. The median of PFS was 18 months (14.8-21.14) in G1 and was not attained in G2 (p=0.0001). The median of OS was 29 months (18.2-39.7) in G1 and was not attained in G2 (p=0.0001). In a univariate analysis, age>60 years (p=0.003), performance status>1 (p=0.036), LDH>normal (p=0.002), ISS III (p=0.0002) and an absence of maintenance therapy (p=0.002) were found to be predictive factors for early relapse. In a multivariate analysis, only a delay from the initiation of treatment to ASCT of>12 months (p=0.02) and an absence of maintenance therapy (p=0.002) were predictive of early relapse. Conclusion: The predictive factors identified here should allow us to adapt the therapeutic strategy.
背景:本回顾性研究的目的是分析现实生活中的多发性骨髓瘤(MM)早期复发，并评估其对总生存期(OS)和无进展生存期(PFS)的影响。方法:两组患者根据自体移植术后复发的发生时间，在24个月内定义早期复发(G1)，或超过24个月定义晚期复发(G2)。结果:共有307例MM患者入组，其中93例(30%)复发。早期复发56例(18%)，晚期复发37例(12%)。G1中位随访时间为19.5个月(3-93)，而G2为59个月(24-117)。G1的PFS中位数为18个月(14.8-21.14)，G2未达到PFS中位数(p=0.0001)。G1期的OS中位数为29个月(18.2-39.7)，G2期未达到OS中位数(p=0.0001)。在单因素分析中，年龄>60岁(p=0.003)，运动状态>1 (p=0.036)， LDH>正常(p=0.002)， ISS III (p=0.0002)和缺乏维持治疗(p=0.002)被发现是早期复发的预测因素。在一项多变量分析中，只有从开始治疗延迟到ASCT >12个月(p=0.02)和没有维持治疗(p=0.002)才预示着早期复发。结论:本文确定的预测因素应使我们能够调整治疗策略。
{"title":"Prognostic Impact on Survival of Early Relapse after Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation with Non-cryopreserved Stem Cells for Multiple Myeloma in Real Life: A Single-center Cohort Study from Oran (Algeria)","authors":"M. Bekadja, Belkacem Mansour, H. Ouldjeriouat, L. Garderet, B. Benzineb, S. Bouchama, L. Charef, B. Entasoltan, N. Yafour, Sofiane Belaidi","doi":"10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.1.15-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.1.15-20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze early relapse in multiple myeloma (MM) in real life and to evaluate its impact on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Methods: Two groups of patients were identified according to the date of occurrence of relapse after autologous transplantation, within less than 24 months, defining early relapse (G1), or after more than 24 months, defining late relapse (G2). Results: A total of 307 patients with MM were enrolled, including 93 patients (30%) who had experienced relapse. There were 56 early relapses (18%) and 37 late relapses (12%). In G1 the median follow-up was 19.5 months (3-93), as compared to59 months (24-117) in G2. The median of PFS was 18 months (14.8-21.14) in G1 and was not attained in G2 (p=0.0001). The median of OS was 29 months (18.2-39.7) in G1 and was not attained in G2 (p=0.0001). In a univariate analysis, age>60 years (p=0.003), performance status>1 (p=0.036), LDH>normal (p=0.002), ISS III (p=0.0002) and an absence of maintenance therapy (p=0.002) were found to be predictive factors for early relapse. In a multivariate analysis, only a delay from the initiation of treatment to ASCT of>12 months (p=0.02) and an absence of maintenance therapy (p=0.002) were predictive of early relapse. Conclusion: The predictive factors identified here should allow us to adapt the therapeutic strategy.","PeriodicalId":8848,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology","volume":"8182 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78105795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-23DOI: 10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.1.21-27
Amal Nooredeen Allithy, I. Ammar, M. Mohammed
Background: Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecological malignancy in developed countries. About 80% of endometrial carcinomas are preceded by atypical endometrial hyperplasia. PTEN is a tumor suppressor gene involved in many vital intracellular biological processes. PTEN is altered in more than 45% of endometrial carcinomas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the value immunohistochemical expression of PTEN in normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic endometrial tissues. Methods: Ninety-two endometrial samples were enrolled in this study. They were classified into normal (n=6), hyperplastic (n=54) and neoplastic (n=32) endometrial tissues. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were prepared from each specimen. Tissue sections were immunohistochemically stained by anti-PTEN antibodies. Results: In our study; PTEN was strongly expressed in all normal and hyperplastic endometrial tissues without atypia. Staining intensity was decreased in atypical endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma (p<0.0001). we also detected an inverse relationship between PTEN expression on one side and tumor grade (p=0.006), stage (p< 0.0001) and myometrial invasion (p=0.001) on the other side. Conclusions: Our study proved that immunohistochemical expression of PTEN is down-regulated in atypical hyperplastic and neoplastic endometrial tissues. Evaluation of PTEN expression can be useful as a screening method to detect the potentially precancerous hyperplastic lesions.
{"title":"Diagnostic and Prognostic Values of PTEN Expression in Functional and Pathological Endometrial Biopsies","authors":"Amal Nooredeen Allithy, I. Ammar, M. Mohammed","doi":"10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.1.21-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcb.2022.7.1.21-27","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecological malignancy in developed countries. About 80% of endometrial carcinomas are preceded by atypical endometrial hyperplasia. PTEN is a tumor suppressor gene involved in many vital intracellular biological processes. PTEN is altered in more than 45% of endometrial carcinomas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the value immunohistochemical expression of PTEN in normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic endometrial tissues. Methods: Ninety-two endometrial samples were enrolled in this study. They were classified into normal (n=6), hyperplastic (n=54) and neoplastic (n=32) endometrial tissues. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were prepared from each specimen. Tissue sections were immunohistochemically stained by anti-PTEN antibodies. Results: In our study; PTEN was strongly expressed in all normal and hyperplastic endometrial tissues without atypia. Staining intensity was decreased in atypical endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma (p<0.0001). we also detected an inverse relationship between PTEN expression on one side and tumor grade (p=0.006), stage (p< 0.0001) and myometrial invasion (p=0.001) on the other side. Conclusions: Our study proved that immunohistochemical expression of PTEN is down-regulated in atypical hyperplastic and neoplastic endometrial tissues. Evaluation of PTEN expression can be useful as a screening method to detect the potentially precancerous hyperplastic lesions.","PeriodicalId":8848,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology","volume":"177 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74878411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-03DOI: 10.31557/apjcb.2021.6.4.281-287
S. Ogenyi, J.A. Onu, N. Ibeh, J. Madukwe, Onyekachi A. Onu, F. E. Menkiti
Background: PIK3CA mutations have been reported to be associated with resistance to therapy in HER2+ breast cancers. This study, therefore, became imperative to determine the expression pattern of this mutant protein together with ER, PR and KI67 in order to serve as a useful predictive tool in the management of HER2 breast cancers.Methods: A total of 53 archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded HER2+ breast cancer tissue blocks from 2015 to 2019 were used for the study in NAUTH Nnewi. The selected blocks were sectioned and stained with haematoxylin and eosin staining techniques. HER2, ER and PR status confirmation as well as PIK3CA and KI67 protein expressions were evaluated using immunohistochemistry (Avidin-biotin complex method). PIK3CA and KI67 expressions in the tissue were scored based on proportion and intensity of immune-labelling using the semi-quantitative method.Result: The mean age of subjects was 47 years and the breast cancers were all invasive ductal carcinoma. Twenty-nine (54.7%) were ER+ while 24 (45.3%) were ER-. Twenty-one (39.6%) were PR+ while 32 (60.4%) were PR-. Twenty-one (39.6%) were PIK3CA negative, 9(35.8%) showed low PIK3CA, while 13(24.5%) showed high PIK3CA. Thirty-four (64.2%) were negative for KI67, 11(20.8%) showed low KI67, while 8(15.5%) showed high KI67. There was weak and moderate positive relationship between ER/PR status and PIK3CA (r=-0.032; p=0.822) and KI67 (r=0.050; p=0.721) respectively. A weak negative correlation between KI67 and PIK3CA (r=-0.118; p=0.401) were observed with 12 (22.4%) of the 13 highly positive PIK3CA cases showing either negative or low for KI67 immunoreactivity while 7(13.2%) of the 8 highly positive KI67 cases showed either negative or low PIK3CA immunoreactivity.Conclusion: This study established a moderate expression of PIK3CA mutant protein. It also pointed out an existing interesting relationship between PIK3CA and KI67, which can be further revealed in future studies.
{"title":"PIK3CA, KI67, Estrogen (ER) and Progesterone Receptors (PR) Expression Pattern of in HER2 Positive Breast Cancers","authors":"S. Ogenyi, J.A. Onu, N. Ibeh, J. Madukwe, Onyekachi A. Onu, F. E. Menkiti","doi":"10.31557/apjcb.2021.6.4.281-287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcb.2021.6.4.281-287","url":null,"abstract":"Background: PIK3CA mutations have been reported to be associated with resistance to therapy in HER2+ breast cancers. This study, therefore, became imperative to determine the expression pattern of this mutant protein together with ER, PR and KI67 in order to serve as a useful predictive tool in the management of HER2 breast cancers.Methods: A total of 53 archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded HER2+ breast cancer tissue blocks from 2015 to 2019 were used for the study in NAUTH Nnewi. The selected blocks were sectioned and stained with haematoxylin and eosin staining techniques. HER2, ER and PR status confirmation as well as PIK3CA and KI67 protein expressions were evaluated using immunohistochemistry (Avidin-biotin complex method). PIK3CA and KI67 expressions in the tissue were scored based on proportion and intensity of immune-labelling using the semi-quantitative method.Result: The mean age of subjects was 47 years and the breast cancers were all invasive ductal carcinoma. Twenty-nine (54.7%) were ER+ while 24 (45.3%) were ER-. Twenty-one (39.6%) were PR+ while 32 (60.4%) were PR-. Twenty-one (39.6%) were PIK3CA negative, 9(35.8%) showed low PIK3CA, while 13(24.5%) showed high PIK3CA. Thirty-four (64.2%) were negative for KI67, 11(20.8%) showed low KI67, while 8(15.5%) showed high KI67. There was weak and moderate positive relationship between ER/PR status and PIK3CA (r=-0.032; p=0.822) and KI67 (r=0.050; p=0.721) respectively. A weak negative correlation between KI67 and PIK3CA (r=-0.118; p=0.401) were observed with 12 (22.4%) of the 13 highly positive PIK3CA cases showing either negative or low for KI67 immunoreactivity while 7(13.2%) of the 8 highly positive KI67 cases showed either negative or low PIK3CA immunoreactivity.Conclusion: This study established a moderate expression of PIK3CA mutant protein. It also pointed out an existing interesting relationship between PIK3CA and KI67, which can be further revealed in future studies.","PeriodicalId":8848,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81033422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-03DOI: 10.31557/apjcb.2021.6.4.263-272
Reyhane Hizomi Arani, H. Mohammadpour, M. Moosavi, A. Muhammadnejad, A. Abdollahi, M. Rahmati
Purpose: The prognosis of melanoma depends on early diagnosis and timely treatment. Autophagy plays a dual role in tumor progression. In the early stages, it prevents tumor formation, while in the advanced stages it promotes tumorigenicity. This study aimed at investigating the role of autophagy in different stages of melanoma and evaluating the relationship between autophagy and clinicopathological factors. Methods: ATG5 and BECN1 genes expression in melanoma tumors were evaluated in a retrospective study of 5 years in the cancer institute of Tehran, Iran. The autophagy-related proteins and the correlation with clinicopathological data were also investigated in a tissue microarray series of 52 melanoma tumors following by immunohistochemical staining for the autophagy-associated proteins p62/SQSTM1 (p62), LC3II and Beclin-1/BECN1. The possibility of autophagy biomarkers was also predicted by ROC curve analysis. Results: ATG5 and BECN1 gene expression decreased in melanoma tumors in comparison with tumor margins. However, BECN1 expression at the protein level increased with tumor progression. The expression of LC3II also raised while the p62 level declined as the tumor progressed, suggesting an increased autophagy activity during tumor development. Furthermore, melanoma ulceration was positively correlated with BECN1, LC3II and p62 expression with p<0.05, though the melanoma mitotic rate and thickness did not significantly correlate with autophagy–related proteins expression. Conclusions: Autophagy-related proteins are suggested as potential prognostic factors in melanoma and could be considered as a therapeutic target.
{"title":"The Role of Autophagy-related Proteins of Beclin-1/BECN1, LC3II, and p62/SQSTM1 in Melanoma Tumors","authors":"Reyhane Hizomi Arani, H. Mohammadpour, M. Moosavi, A. Muhammadnejad, A. Abdollahi, M. Rahmati","doi":"10.31557/apjcb.2021.6.4.263-272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcb.2021.6.4.263-272","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The prognosis of melanoma depends on early diagnosis and timely treatment. Autophagy plays a dual role in tumor progression. In the early stages, it prevents tumor formation, while in the advanced stages it promotes tumorigenicity. This study aimed at investigating the role of autophagy in different stages of melanoma and evaluating the relationship between autophagy and clinicopathological factors. Methods: ATG5 and BECN1 genes expression in melanoma tumors were evaluated in a retrospective study of 5 years in the cancer institute of Tehran, Iran. The autophagy-related proteins and the correlation with clinicopathological data were also investigated in a tissue microarray series of 52 melanoma tumors following by immunohistochemical staining for the autophagy-associated proteins p62/SQSTM1 (p62), LC3II and Beclin-1/BECN1. The possibility of autophagy biomarkers was also predicted by ROC curve analysis. Results: ATG5 and BECN1 gene expression decreased in melanoma tumors in comparison with tumor margins. However, BECN1 expression at the protein level increased with tumor progression. The expression of LC3II also raised while the p62 level declined as the tumor progressed, suggesting an increased autophagy activity during tumor development. Furthermore, melanoma ulceration was positively correlated with BECN1, LC3II and p62 expression with p<0.05, though the melanoma mitotic rate and thickness did not significantly correlate with autophagy–related proteins expression. Conclusions: Autophagy-related proteins are suggested as potential prognostic factors in melanoma and could be considered as a therapeutic target.","PeriodicalId":8848,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82198090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-03DOI: 10.31557/apjcb.2021.6.4.255-261
T. Hoang, Van Hieu Hoang, Thi Thu Huong Bui
Objective: To explore the characteristics and prognostic factors of distant metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma (DMGA). Methods: The data of DMGA patients who were enrolled in the SEER database from 2010 to 2017 was obtained. The Chi-squared test was performed for comparison between groups. The Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test was used for survival analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to identify independent prognostic factors. Results: A total of 2324 DMGA patients was identified. The association between different metastatic sites and clinicopathological characteristics was detected. The survival curves of patients with single and double-organ metastasis were established. The multivariate Cox analysis indicated that age, histological grade, T stage, N stage, surgery and tumor size were independent prognostic factors. Conclusion: DMGA patients have poor outcomes, especially brain metastasis, bone metastasis, liver-brain metastasis, and lung-brain metastasis. Age <60 years old and cancer-directed surgery indicated a better prognosis, while higher T and N stage, higher grade and tumor size ≥5 cm indicated a worse prognosis.
{"title":"Characteristics and Prognostic Factors in Gastric Adenocarcinoma Patients with Distant Metastasis","authors":"T. Hoang, Van Hieu Hoang, Thi Thu Huong Bui","doi":"10.31557/apjcb.2021.6.4.255-261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcb.2021.6.4.255-261","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To explore the characteristics and prognostic factors of distant metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma (DMGA). Methods: The data of DMGA patients who were enrolled in the SEER database from 2010 to 2017 was obtained. The Chi-squared test was performed for comparison between groups. The Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test was used for survival analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to identify independent prognostic factors. Results: A total of 2324 DMGA patients was identified. The association between different metastatic sites and clinicopathological characteristics was detected. The survival curves of patients with single and double-organ metastasis were established. The multivariate Cox analysis indicated that age, histological grade, T stage, N stage, surgery and tumor size were independent prognostic factors. Conclusion: DMGA patients have poor outcomes, especially brain metastasis, bone metastasis, liver-brain metastasis, and lung-brain metastasis. Age <60 years old and cancer-directed surgery indicated a better prognosis, while higher T and N stage, higher grade and tumor size ≥5 cm indicated a worse prognosis.","PeriodicalId":8848,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72984899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-03DOI: 10.31557/apjcb.2021.6.4.316-320
Hammadi Nour, Chouia Maroua, Derouiche Samir
Introduction: Hepatitis B infection is a severe global public health issue. It is the 10th biggest cause of death worldwide. Objective: This review focuses on the relationship between oxidative stress and the risk of developing of acute and chronic hepatitis B complications. Methods: The data were collected by searching Science Direct, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Springer and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The Keywords used as search terms were “Hepatitis B”, “Acute and Chronic hepatitis”, “HBV induced inflammatory reaction”, “hepatitis B and Oxidative stress” and “free radical induced hepatitis B complication”.Results: Chronic infections with chronic active hepatitis, acute or sub-acute hepatic necrosis, cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular cancer in people with hepatitis B infection are all complications of viral hepatitis. Extrahepatic complications are common in patients with chronic hepatitis infection, including cryoglobulinemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, focal lymphocytic sialadenitis, autoimmune thyroiditis, porphyria cutanea tarda, and lichen planus. Wide variations in hepatitis B incubation durations show that the redox state of cells can influence viral activity. Viral replication is more active with more severe oxidative stress, with dispersion from lysed or dead cells. Although the precise mechanisms of ROS participation in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders are still debated. Conclusion: Viral activity can be determined by the oxidative stress status of the cells which can be the main cause of the development of hepatocellular carcinoma related to the complications of acute and chronic hepatitis B.
乙型肝炎感染是一个严重的全球公共卫生问题。它是全球第十大死因。目的:综述氧化应激与急性和慢性乙型肝炎并发症发生风险的关系。方法:通过Science Direct、谷歌Scholar、PubMed、Scopus、施普林格和National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)等数据库进行检索。关键词:乙型肝炎、急慢性肝炎、乙型肝炎诱导炎症反应、乙型肝炎与氧化应激、自由基诱导乙型肝炎并发症。结果:慢性活动性肝炎的慢性感染、急性或亚急性肝坏死、肝硬化、肝功能衰竭、肝细胞癌都是乙型肝炎的并发症。肝外并发症在慢性肝炎感染患者中很常见，包括冷球蛋白血症、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、局灶性淋巴细胞性涎腺炎、自身免疫性甲状腺炎、迟发性皮肤卟啉症和扁平苔藓。乙型肝炎潜伏期的广泛差异表明细胞的氧化还原状态可以影响病毒活性。氧化应激越严重，病毒复制越活跃，从裂解细胞或死亡细胞中分散开来。虽然ROS参与炎症性疾病发病机制的确切机制仍有争议。结论:细胞的氧化应激状态决定了病毒的活性，这可能是导致急性和慢性乙型肝炎并发症相关的肝细胞癌发生的主要原因。
{"title":"A Study of the Relationship between Oxidative Stress and Risk of Developing Hepatocellular Carcinoma in People with Hepatitis B Infection; A Systematic Review Study","authors":"Hammadi Nour, Chouia Maroua, Derouiche Samir","doi":"10.31557/apjcb.2021.6.4.316-320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcb.2021.6.4.316-320","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Hepatitis B infection is a severe global public health issue. It is the 10th biggest cause of death worldwide. Objective: This review focuses on the relationship between oxidative stress and the risk of developing of acute and chronic hepatitis B complications. Methods: The data were collected by searching Science Direct, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Springer and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The Keywords used as search terms were “Hepatitis B”, “Acute and Chronic hepatitis”, “HBV induced inflammatory reaction”, “hepatitis B and Oxidative stress” and “free radical induced hepatitis B complication”.Results: Chronic infections with chronic active hepatitis, acute or sub-acute hepatic necrosis, cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular cancer in people with hepatitis B infection are all complications of viral hepatitis. Extrahepatic complications are common in patients with chronic hepatitis infection, including cryoglobulinemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, focal lymphocytic sialadenitis, autoimmune thyroiditis, porphyria cutanea tarda, and lichen planus. Wide variations in hepatitis B incubation durations show that the redox state of cells can influence viral activity. Viral replication is more active with more severe oxidative stress, with dispersion from lysed or dead cells. Although the precise mechanisms of ROS participation in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders are still debated. Conclusion: Viral activity can be determined by the oxidative stress status of the cells which can be the main cause of the development of hepatocellular carcinoma related to the complications of acute and chronic hepatitis B.","PeriodicalId":8848,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76837571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-21DOI: 10.31557/apjcb.2021.6.4.331-337
Pemula Gowtham
Cancer remains a major killer of mankind. Failure of conventional chemotherapy has resulted in recurrence and development of virulent multi drug resitant (MDR) phenotypes adding to the complexity and diversity of this deadly disease. Melanoma is the most aggressive and dangerous type of skin cancer, but its molecular mechanisms remain largely unclear Drug delivery systems (DDS) such as lipid- or polymer-based nanoparticles can be designed to improve the pharmacological and therapeutic properties of drugs administered parenterally with the emergence of nanotechnology, the use of nano-carriers is widely expected to alter the landscape of melanoma treatment multifunctional nanoparticles that can integrate various key components such as drugs, genes, imaging agents and targeting ligands using unique delivery platforms would be more efficient in treating cancers. This review presents some of the important principles involved in development and novel methods of treating cancers using multifunctional-targeted nanopicles. Illustrative examples of nanoparticles engineered for drug/gene combination delivery and stimuli respnsive nanoparticle systems for cancer therapy are also discussed.
{"title":"Advances in Targeted Drug Delivery in Melanoma","authors":"Pemula Gowtham","doi":"10.31557/apjcb.2021.6.4.331-337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcb.2021.6.4.331-337","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer remains a major killer of mankind. Failure of conventional chemotherapy has resulted in recurrence and development of virulent multi drug resitant (MDR) phenotypes adding to the complexity and diversity of this deadly disease. Melanoma is the most aggressive and dangerous type of skin cancer, but its molecular mechanisms remain largely unclear Drug delivery systems (DDS) such as lipid- or polymer-based nanoparticles can be designed to improve the pharmacological and therapeutic properties of drugs administered parenterally with the emergence of nanotechnology, the use of nano-carriers is widely expected to alter the landscape of melanoma treatment multifunctional nanoparticles that can integrate various key components such as drugs, genes, imaging agents and targeting ligands using unique delivery platforms would be more efficient in treating cancers. This review presents some of the important principles involved in development and novel methods of treating cancers using multifunctional-targeted nanopicles. Illustrative examples of nanoparticles engineered for drug/gene combination delivery and stimuli respnsive nanoparticle systems for cancer therapy are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":8848,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76379966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-21DOI: 10.31557/apjcb.2021.6.4.249-254
Mohamed Amine Bekadja, M. Michallet, B. Benzineb, N. Mesli, H. Ouldjeriouat, F. Serradj, M. Brahimi, N. Yafour
Introduction: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy with a poor prognosis. The early consequences of induction chemotherapy are represented by pancytopenia with severe immunosuppression, which favors the emergence of so-called “opportunistic” infections and in particular invasive fungal infections (IFI) such as invasive aspergillosis (IA). This justifies the implementation of early, empirical, pre-emptive or prophylactic antifungal treatment. The objective of this study is the evaluation of a comparative study before and after the use of primary prevention with posaconazole versus fluconazole, in terms of incidence and mortality of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) during AML inductions, in real life in Algeria. Patients and methods: This study was performed in two periods in the 2 centers concerning the same AML patients receiving the same induction chemotherapy (daunorubicin 60 mg/m2 for 3 days and cytarabine 100 mg/m2 for 7 days) but with a different type of hospitalization with common rooms for Tlemcen and protected single rooms for Oran. Period 1: The retrospective study was performed from 2014 to 2016 and involved 188 patients. 70 patients were hospitalized in a common room (Tlemcen) and 118 patients in a protected single room (Oran). All patients received as primary IFI prophylaxis fluconazole 400 mg/day. Period 2: The prospective study was conducted from April 2017 to September 2018 and involved 55 patients. Fourteen patients were hospitalized in Tlemcen and 41 patients in an Oran. These patients received posaconazole prophylaxis at a dose of 200 mgx3/day. The evaluation and comparison of descriptive and incidence data was performed using Chi2 statistical tests using SPSS version 19 software. Overall survival (OS) were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier estimate and were compared using the log-rank test with a significance level α of 0.05. Results: Period 1: The incidence rate of IFI: 34% at the Oran hospital versus 49% at the Tlemcen hospital (p=0.049). Among the 74 patients who presented with IFI, 39 (53%) died from IFI as the main cause of death, among these deaths, 16 (40%) were recorded at Oran and 23 (68%) at Tlemcen (p=0.011). Period 2: The IFI rate with fluconazole was 39% and that observed with posaconazole 22% (p=0.001) and the cumulative incidence was 39% at 21 days versus 10% at 15 days (p=0.046) with a highly significant decrease in IFI-related deaths: 53% versus 25% (p=0.004). Conclusion: This work has demonstrated the interest in terms of IFI incidence (17% versus 33%, p=0.04) and IFI-related mortality of posaconazole prophylaxis (25% versus 53%, p=0.004) used during AML in the context of hospitalization in common rooms. Furthermore, this work highlights that the combination of posaconazole prophylaxis and hospitalization in a protected single room allows an optimization of the management of this type of patients.
{"title":"Evaluation of Posaconazole for Primary Prophylaxis of IFI in Acute Myeloid Leukemia under Intensive Induction Chemotherapy. Comparative Real Life Study with Fluconazole in two Hematological Centers in Algeri","authors":"Mohamed Amine Bekadja, M. Michallet, B. Benzineb, N. Mesli, H. Ouldjeriouat, F. Serradj, M. Brahimi, N. Yafour","doi":"10.31557/apjcb.2021.6.4.249-254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcb.2021.6.4.249-254","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy with a poor prognosis. The early consequences of induction chemotherapy are represented by pancytopenia with severe immunosuppression, which favors the emergence of so-called “opportunistic” infections and in particular invasive fungal infections (IFI) such as invasive aspergillosis (IA). This justifies the implementation of early, empirical, pre-emptive or prophylactic antifungal treatment. The objective of this study is the evaluation of a comparative study before and after the use of primary prevention with posaconazole versus fluconazole, in terms of incidence and mortality of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) during AML inductions, in real life in Algeria. Patients and methods: This study was performed in two periods in the 2 centers concerning the same AML patients receiving the same induction chemotherapy (daunorubicin 60 mg/m2 for 3 days and cytarabine 100 mg/m2 for 7 days) but with a different type of hospitalization with common rooms for Tlemcen and protected single rooms for Oran. Period 1: The retrospective study was performed from 2014 to 2016 and involved 188 patients. 70 patients were hospitalized in a common room (Tlemcen) and 118 patients in a protected single room (Oran). All patients received as primary IFI prophylaxis fluconazole 400 mg/day. Period 2: The prospective study was conducted from April 2017 to September 2018 and involved 55 patients. Fourteen patients were hospitalized in Tlemcen and 41 patients in an Oran. These patients received posaconazole prophylaxis at a dose of 200 mgx3/day. The evaluation and comparison of descriptive and incidence data was performed using Chi2 statistical tests using SPSS version 19 software. Overall survival (OS) were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier estimate and were compared using the log-rank test with a significance level α of 0.05. Results: Period 1: The incidence rate of IFI: 34% at the Oran hospital versus 49% at the Tlemcen hospital (p=0.049). Among the 74 patients who presented with IFI, 39 (53%) died from IFI as the main cause of death, among these deaths, 16 (40%) were recorded at Oran and 23 (68%) at Tlemcen (p=0.011). Period 2: The IFI rate with fluconazole was 39% and that observed with posaconazole 22% (p=0.001) and the cumulative incidence was 39% at 21 days versus 10% at 15 days (p=0.046) with a highly significant decrease in IFI-related deaths: 53% versus 25% (p=0.004). Conclusion: This work has demonstrated the interest in terms of IFI incidence (17% versus 33%, p=0.04) and IFI-related mortality of posaconazole prophylaxis (25% versus 53%, p=0.004) used during AML in the context of hospitalization in common rooms. Furthermore, this work highlights that the combination of posaconazole prophylaxis and hospitalization in a protected single room allows an optimization of the management of this type of patients. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":8848,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83396322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-29DOI: 10.31557/apjcb.2021.6.4.235-241
M. Hardianti, Salsabilla Hasna Mutiara Rizki, Hafidz Arkananda, Amira L. Dhyanti, S. A. Setiawan, I. ., Nugira Dinantia, N. Anggorowati
Background: The burden of lymphoma is intensified with the presence of anemia. The type of anemia in lymphoma is predominantly anemia of chronic disease. Severe anemia is also often associated with advanced stages leading to poor prognosis and survival as well as a worse quality of life. Objective: In this study, we aimed to observe the incidence of anemia in lymphoma and to identify any associated clinical and laboratory factors. Methods: Data from lymphoma patients admitted between 2012 to 2018 with complete hemoglobin (Hb) levels were collected from the medical records in Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Clinical and laboratory parameters included were age, sex, nutritional status, Ann Arbor staging, extranodal involvement, number of extranodal sites, Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) level, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, platelet count, absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), white blood cell count (WBC), and lymphoma prognostic score (Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma/NHL using Index Prognostic International (IPI), Hodgkin’s Lymphoma/HL using International Prognostic Score (IPS)). Statistical analysis was done to observe the difference in any parameters between patients with anemia and non-anemia. Logistic regression was employed to model the relationship between associated or predictive factors and anemia incidence. Results: Six hundred eleven (611) lymphoma patients were involved in this study, 296 (48.5%) had anemia and 314 (51.5%) did not. Anemia was more prevalent in HL (17/ 33 cases or 51.5%) than in NHL (272/ 564 cases or 48.1%). Patients with anemia frequently presented with mild anemia in 142 (48%), followed by moderate anemia in 139 (46.9%). The incidence of anemia were significantly associated with male sex, advanced Ann Arbor stage (III-IV), underweight, elevated LDH level, abnormal platelet, absolute lymphocyte counts less than 600/mm3, elevated WBC count more than 15,000/mm3, and high total prognostic score (>3). Multivariate analysis demonstrated low or elevated platelet (P=0.044; 95% CI=1.03-8.09) as an independent predictor, meanwhile lymphocytopenia as protective factor (OR=0.05; 95% CI=0.00-0.54; P=0.013). Conclusion: Anemia commonly occurs in Indonesian lymphoma patients. There is an association and increased risk to develop anemia in male, Ann Arbor stage III-IV, underweight, elevated LDH, abnormal platelet, leukocytosis, and high total prognostic score. Abnormal platelet was an independent predictive factor, and lymphocytopenia is one of the protective factor.
{"title":"Anemia in Lymphoma Patients in Indonesia: The Prevalence and Predictive Factors","authors":"M. Hardianti, Salsabilla Hasna Mutiara Rizki, Hafidz Arkananda, Amira L. Dhyanti, S. A. Setiawan, I. ., Nugira Dinantia, N. Anggorowati","doi":"10.31557/apjcb.2021.6.4.235-241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcb.2021.6.4.235-241","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The burden of lymphoma is intensified with the presence of anemia. The type of anemia in lymphoma is predominantly anemia of chronic disease. Severe anemia is also often associated with advanced stages leading to poor prognosis and survival as well as a worse quality of life. Objective: In this study, we aimed to observe the incidence of anemia in lymphoma and to identify any associated clinical and laboratory factors. Methods: Data from lymphoma patients admitted between 2012 to 2018 with complete hemoglobin (Hb) levels were collected from the medical records in Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Clinical and laboratory parameters included were age, sex, nutritional status, Ann Arbor staging, extranodal involvement, number of extranodal sites, Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) level, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, platelet count, absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), white blood cell count (WBC), and lymphoma prognostic score (Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma/NHL using Index Prognostic International (IPI), Hodgkin’s Lymphoma/HL using International Prognostic Score (IPS)). Statistical analysis was done to observe the difference in any parameters between patients with anemia and non-anemia. Logistic regression was employed to model the relationship between associated or predictive factors and anemia incidence. Results: Six hundred eleven (611) lymphoma patients were involved in this study, 296 (48.5%) had anemia and 314 (51.5%) did not. Anemia was more prevalent in HL (17/ 33 cases or 51.5%) than in NHL (272/ 564 cases or 48.1%). Patients with anemia frequently presented with mild anemia in 142 (48%), followed by moderate anemia in 139 (46.9%). The incidence of anemia were significantly associated with male sex, advanced Ann Arbor stage (III-IV), underweight, elevated LDH level, abnormal platelet, absolute lymphocyte counts less than 600/mm3, elevated WBC count more than 15,000/mm3, and high total prognostic score (>3). Multivariate analysis demonstrated low or elevated platelet (P=0.044; 95% CI=1.03-8.09) as an independent predictor, meanwhile lymphocytopenia as protective factor (OR=0.05; 95% CI=0.00-0.54; P=0.013). Conclusion: Anemia commonly occurs in Indonesian lymphoma patients. There is an association and increased risk to develop anemia in male, Ann Arbor stage III-IV, underweight, elevated LDH, abnormal platelet, leukocytosis, and high total prognostic score. Abnormal platelet was an independent predictive factor, and lymphocytopenia is one of the protective factor.","PeriodicalId":8848,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87467663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-29DOI: 10.31557/apjcb.2021.6.4.243-248
M. Faiz, Amna Younus, A. Yasmeen
Background: Breast carcinoma is one of the most commonly diagnosed invasive malignancies in females. In Pakistan, it is more commonly detected in women at a young age as compared to the West. Among all women, the risk of developing breast cancer is equal irrespective of their ethnic or racial basis. The aim of the study was to determine vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms (FokI and TaqI) and allele frequency distribution in Pakistani women with newly diagnosed breast cancer. This study also aimed to find and compare genetic diversity of VDR polymorphisms among breast cancer cases in different population groups. Methods: Newly diagnosed women having breast cancer (n=300) were selected for the study. Blood samples of all the participants were analyzed for vitamin D levels and isolated DNA was subjected to PCR-RFLP analysis. Results: Results revealed that allelic frequency of FokI and TaqI was ‘F’; ‘f’ 50.67 and 49.33% and ‘T’ and ‘t’ was 46.67 and 53.33 respectively in Pakistani women with breast cancer. The genotypic frequency is significantly (P<0.05) distributed.Conclusion: The current study concluded significant difference in genotypes and allele frequency of VDR gene polymorphism in Pakistani population suffering from breast cancer when compared with other population.
{"title":"Genetic Diversity and Distribution of Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) Genotypes in Breast Cancer Cases from Pakistan","authors":"M. Faiz, Amna Younus, A. Yasmeen","doi":"10.31557/apjcb.2021.6.4.243-248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcb.2021.6.4.243-248","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Breast carcinoma is one of the most commonly diagnosed invasive malignancies in females. In Pakistan, it is more commonly detected in women at a young age as compared to the West. Among all women, the risk of developing breast cancer is equal irrespective of their ethnic or racial basis. The aim of the study was to determine vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms (FokI and TaqI) and allele frequency distribution in Pakistani women with newly diagnosed breast cancer. This study also aimed to find and compare genetic diversity of VDR polymorphisms among breast cancer cases in different population groups. Methods: Newly diagnosed women having breast cancer (n=300) were selected for the study. Blood samples of all the participants were analyzed for vitamin D levels and isolated DNA was subjected to PCR-RFLP analysis. Results: Results revealed that allelic frequency of FokI and TaqI was ‘F’; ‘f’ 50.67 and 49.33% and ‘T’ and ‘t’ was 46.67 and 53.33 respectively in Pakistani women with breast cancer. The genotypic frequency is significantly (P<0.05) distributed.Conclusion: The current study concluded significant difference in genotypes and allele frequency of VDR gene polymorphism in Pakistani population suffering from breast cancer when compared with other population.","PeriodicalId":8848,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73481520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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