M. Samadzadeh, B. Shahbazzadegan, M. Abbasi, Maryam Didedar
Background: Depression is considered as the most common psychological problem in individuals. Patients with persistent pain usually suffer from depression, disturbance in interpersonal relations, fatigue, and reduced physical and psychological perfor-
{"title":"Relationship Between Depression and Perception of Pain Severity in Patients Admitted to General Surgery Ward","authors":"M. Samadzadeh, B. Shahbazzadegan, M. Abbasi, Maryam Didedar","doi":"10.5812/BHS-37475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/BHS-37475","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Depression is considered as the most common psychological problem in individuals. Patients with persistent pain usually suffer from depression, disturbance in interpersonal relations, fatigue, and reduced physical and psychological perfor-","PeriodicalId":8849,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87667015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Jabbari, P. Nassiri, M. Esmaeelpour, K. Azam, M. Faridan, Leila Heidari
Background: Exposure to the excessive levels of occupational noise is one of the principal harmful agents affecting the workers’ health. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the occupational noise exposure and the hearing loss caused by working in small-scale service industries in the city of Damavand, close to the metropolitan capital city of Tehran, Iran. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study investigated the occupational noise levels within the 90 small-scale industries (mainly service industries and workshops) working under the supervision of Damavand healthcare network governed by the Iranian ministry of health and medical education. A sound level meter (Bruel and Kjaer 2250) was employed to determine the noise exposure levels based on the dB A, and according to the standard ISO 9612: 2009. The audiometric exam tests were performed by an audiometer (model MEVOX SA-900). The obtained data were then analysed by SPSS 16, using linear regression and t-test. Results: The highest measured 8-hour equivalent continuous sound pressure levels (Leqs) were associated with auto body mechanics (89.2 dB A), foundry and casting workers (88.8 dB A), aluminium products fabrication workers (86.32 dB A), blacksmiths and forging (85.8 dB A) carpenters (84.93 dB A), and cabinet manufacturers, respectively (84 dB A). Results from the hearing threshold shifts of the workers from the studied occupational groups revealed that the highest work related hearing loss associated with the right ear occurred among the auto body mechanics, aluminium products fabrication workers and carpenters. However, the most significant work-related hearing loss associated with the left ear was noticed among carpenters, aluminium products fabrication workers, and auto body mechanics, respectively. Pearson correlation coefficient was tested between Leqs, work experience and hearing loss, and the results implied that the progress of workers’ hearing loss was correlated with the increase in work history and experience. Conclusions: The 8-hour Leqs and work experience were, respectively, the most important factors affecting the rate of hearing loss among the participants of this study. Keywords: Noise-Induced Hearing Loss, Sound Pressure Level, Small-Scale Industries
背景:职业性噪声暴露是影响工人健康的主要有害因素之一。本研究旨在调查伊朗首都德黑兰附近达马万德市小型服务业工人职业性噪音暴露与听力损失之间的关系。方法:本描述性横断面研究调查了在伊朗卫生和医学教育部管理的Damavand医疗保健网络监督下工作的90个小型行业(主要是服务行业和车间)的职业噪声水平。采用声级计(Bruel and Kjaer 2250)根据dB A确定噪声暴露水平，并根据标准ISO 9612: 2009。听力测试由听力计(型号MEVOX SA-900)进行。采用SPSS 16对所得数据进行线性回归和t检验。结果:测得的最高8小时等效连续声压级(Leqs)与汽车车身修工(89.2 dB A)、铸造和铸造工人(88.8 dB A)、铝制品加工工人(86.32 dB A)、铁匠和锻工(85.8 dB A)、木匠(84.93 dB A)以及橱柜制造商有关。(84 dB A)。对不同职业人群的听力阈值变化的分析结果显示，汽车车身修工、铝制品加工工人和木匠的右耳听力损失最高。然而，与工作相关的左耳听力损失最严重的分别是木匠、铝制品制造工人和汽车车身修理工。对Leqs、工作经验与听力损失之间的Pearson相关系数进行检验，结果表明工人听力损失的进展与工作经历和工作经验的增加相关。结论:8小时的Leqs和工作经验分别是影响本研究参与者听力损失率的最重要因素。关键词:噪声性听力损失，声压级，小型工业
{"title":"The Relationship between Occupational Noise Exposure and Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) in Small-Scale Industries: A Case Study in the City of Damavand, Iran","authors":"K. Jabbari, P. Nassiri, M. Esmaeelpour, K. Azam, M. Faridan, Leila Heidari","doi":"10.17795/BHS-40735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/BHS-40735","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Exposure to the excessive levels of occupational noise is one of the principal harmful agents affecting the workers’ health. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the occupational noise exposure and the hearing loss caused by working in small-scale service industries in the city of Damavand, close to the metropolitan capital city of Tehran, Iran. \u0000Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study investigated the occupational noise levels within the 90 small-scale industries (mainly service industries and workshops) working under the supervision of Damavand healthcare network governed by the Iranian ministry of health and medical education. A sound level meter (Bruel and Kjaer 2250) was employed to determine the noise \u0000exposure levels based on the dB A, and according to the standard ISO 9612: 2009. The audiometric exam tests were performed by an audiometer (model MEVOX SA-900). The obtained data were then analysed by SPSS 16, using linear regression and t-test. \u0000Results: The highest measured 8-hour equivalent continuous sound pressure levels (Leqs) were associated with auto body mechanics (89.2 dB A), foundry and casting workers (88.8 dB A), aluminium products fabrication workers (86.32 dB A), blacksmiths and forging (85.8 dB A) carpenters (84.93 dB A), and cabinet manufacturers, respectively (84 dB A). Results from the hearing threshold shifts of the workers from the studied occupational groups revealed that the highest work related hearing loss associated with the right \u0000ear occurred among the auto body mechanics, aluminium products fabrication workers and carpenters. However, the most significant work-related hearing loss associated with the left ear was noticed among carpenters, aluminium products fabrication workers, and auto body mechanics, respectively. Pearson correlation coefficient was tested between Leqs, work experience and hearing loss, \u0000and the results implied that the progress of workers’ hearing loss was correlated with the increase in work history and experience. \u0000Conclusions: The 8-hour Leqs and work experience were, respectively, the most important factors affecting the rate of hearing loss among the participants of this study. \u0000Keywords: Noise-Induced Hearing Loss, Sound Pressure Level, Small-Scale Industries","PeriodicalId":8849,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74972110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Askari, S. Rafiei, R. Montazerolfaraj, F. Sepaseh, A. Tafti, Mahboobeh Irany Nasab
Background: Responsiveness is the main indicator of high performance in every health system. This study was conducted to assess non-medical services’ responsiveness from patients’ viewpoint through applying a localized responsiveness model in Iran. Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study, conducted in three hospitals of Yazd province in 2015. To collect data, a standardized questionnaire was used and data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software package, through applying descriptive statistical tests, T-test, correlation and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The study findings revealed that a mean score for responsiveness from patients’ viewpoint was 2.48 ± 0.26 at a public hospital, 2.14 ± 0.26 at a private and 2 ± 0.27 at a charity hospital representing an average level for hospitals under study. The highest and lowest mean scores among different aspects of responsiveness belonged to dignity (2.5 ± 0.36) and informed choice (1.9 ± 0.43). Conclusions: Given that responsiveness was evaluated at an average level, appropriate policy interventions and necessary reforms are proposed to increase its status in under study hospitals. Keywords: Patient, Non-Medical Support Services, Responsiveness, Viewpoint
{"title":"Evaluation of Non-Medical Services’ Responsiveness Using a National Model: Patients’ Viewpoint","authors":"R. Askari, S. Rafiei, R. Montazerolfaraj, F. Sepaseh, A. Tafti, Mahboobeh Irany Nasab","doi":"10.17795/BHS-41830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/BHS-41830","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Responsiveness is the main indicator of high performance in every health system. This study was conducted to assess non-medical services’ responsiveness from patients’ viewpoint through applying a localized responsiveness model in Iran. \u0000Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study, conducted in three hospitals of Yazd province in 2015. To collect data, a standardized questionnaire was used and data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software package, through applying descriptive statistical tests, T-test, correlation and analysis of variance (ANOVA). \u0000Results: The study findings revealed that a mean score for responsiveness from patients’ viewpoint was 2.48 ± 0.26 at a public hospital, 2.14 ± 0.26 at a private and 2 ± 0.27 at a charity hospital representing an average level for hospitals under study. The highest and lowest mean scores among different aspects of responsiveness belonged to dignity (2.5 ± 0.36) and informed choice \u0000(1.9 ± 0.43). \u0000Conclusions: Given that responsiveness was evaluated at an average level, appropriate policy interventions and necessary reforms are proposed to increase its status in under study hospitals. \u0000Keywords: Patient, Non-Medical Support Services, Responsiveness, Viewpoint","PeriodicalId":8849,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85177842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The cognitive human error analysis technique is one of the second-generation techniques used to evaluate human reliability; it has a strong, detailed theoretical background that focuses on the important cognitive features of human behavior. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assign task and jobs crisis using analysis of cognitive human error with CREAM. Finally, based on the results, the major causes of error were detected. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 53 people working in an olefin unit. It is one of the most important control rooms located in a special economic zone in Assaluyeh petrochemical industry. In this study, first a job analysis was conducted and the sub-tasks and conditions affecting the performance of the staff were determined. Then, the control mode coefficient and control mode type, as well as the possibility of total error were determined. Finally, the cognitive functions and type of cognitive error related to each sub-task were identified. Results: Amongthe six evaluated occupational tasks, the tasks performed by board-manandsite-manhadthe highest values of total human error in terms of transitory overall error coefficient (0.056 and 0.031, respectively). In addition, the following results were obtained on the basis of the extended CREAM: execution failure (31.72%), interpretation failure (29.20%), planning failure (14.63%), and observation failure (24.39%). Conclusions: Common Performance Conditions (CPCs), empowerment, and the time available for work were among the most important factors that reduced occupational performance. To optimize a communication system, it is necessary to arrange the priority of tasks, hold joint meetings, inform the staff about the termination of work permits, hold training sessions, and measure the pollutants. Keywords: Human Error, Control Room, Petrochemical Industry, CREAM
{"title":"A Cognitive Human Error Analysis with CREAM in Control Room of Petrochemical Industry","authors":"Sana Shokria, S. Varmazyar, Payam Heydari","doi":"10.5812/BHS-38592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/BHS-38592","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The cognitive human error analysis technique is one of the second-generation techniques used to evaluate human reliability; it has a strong, detailed theoretical background that focuses on the important cognitive features of human behavior. \u0000Objectives: The aim of this study was to assign task and jobs crisis using analysis of cognitive human error with CREAM. Finally, based on the results, the major causes of error were detected. \u0000Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 53 people working in an olefin unit. It is one of the most important control rooms located in a special economic zone in Assaluyeh petrochemical industry. In this study, first a job analysis was conducted and the sub-tasks and conditions affecting the performance of the staff were determined. Then, the control mode coefficient and \u0000control mode type, as well as the possibility of total error were determined. Finally, the cognitive functions and type of cognitive error related to each sub-task were identified. \u0000Results: Amongthe six evaluated occupational tasks, the tasks performed by board-manandsite-manhadthe highest values of total human error in terms of transitory overall error coefficient (0.056 and 0.031, respectively). In addition, the following results were \u0000obtained on the basis of the extended CREAM: execution failure (31.72%), interpretation failure (29.20%), planning failure (14.63%), and observation failure (24.39%). \u0000Conclusions: Common Performance Conditions (CPCs), empowerment, and the time available for work were among the most important factors that reduced occupational performance. To optimize a communication system, it is necessary to arrange the priority of tasks, hold joint meetings, inform the staff about the termination of work permits, hold training sessions, and measure the pollutants. \u0000Keywords: Human Error, Control Room, Petrochemical Industry, CREAM","PeriodicalId":8849,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77845465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Mushroom tyrosinase (MT) as a metalloenzyme is a good model for mechanistic studies of melanogenesis. To recognize the mechanism of MT action, it is important to investigate its inhibition, activation, mutation, and modification properties. Objectives: In this study, the chemical modification of MT tryptophan residues was carried out by using N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and then, the activity, stability, and structure of the native and modified enzymes were compared. Methods: Chemical modification of MT tryptophan residues was accomplished by enzyme incubation with different concentrations of NBS. The relative activity of native and modified MT was investigated through catecholase enzyme reaction in presence of dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-Dopa) as substrate. Thermodynamic parameters including standard Gibbs free energy change (∆G25°C) and Melting temperature (Tm) were obtained from thermal denaturation of the native and modified enzymes. The circular dichroism and intrinsic fluorescence techniques were used to study secondary and tertiary structure of MT, respectively. All experiments were conducted in 2015 in biophysical laboratory of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences and Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran. Results: The relative activity reduced from 100% for native enzyme to 10%, 7.9%, and 6.4% for modified MT with different NBS of concentrations 2, 10, and 20 mM, respectively. Thermal instability of modified enzyme was confirmed by decreased Tm and ∆G25°C values after modification. In accordance with kinetic and thermodynamic results, the lower stability of modified MT was observed from the changes occurred on its secondary and tertiary structures. Conclusions: Chemical modification of tryptophan residues with NBS reduces the activity and stability of MT simultaneously with its structural change. Thus, this study emphasizes the crucial role of tryptophan residues in the structure-function relationship of MT enzyme.
{"title":"Kinetic, Thermodynamic and Structural Studies of Native and N-Bromosuccinimide-Modified Mushroom Tyrosinase","authors":"S. Emami, N. Gheibi","doi":"10.17795/BHS-40191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/BHS-40191","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mushroom tyrosinase (MT) as a metalloenzyme is a good model for mechanistic studies of melanogenesis. To recognize the mechanism of MT action, it is important to investigate its inhibition, activation, mutation, and modification properties. Objectives: In this study, the chemical modification of MT tryptophan residues was carried out by using N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and then, the activity, stability, and structure of the native and modified enzymes were compared. Methods: Chemical modification of MT tryptophan residues was accomplished by enzyme incubation with different concentrations of NBS. The relative activity of native and modified MT was investigated through catecholase enzyme reaction in presence of dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-Dopa) as substrate. Thermodynamic parameters including standard Gibbs free energy change (∆G25°C) and Melting temperature (Tm) were obtained from thermal denaturation of the native and modified enzymes. The circular dichroism and intrinsic fluorescence techniques were used to study secondary and tertiary structure of MT, respectively. All experiments were conducted in 2015 in biophysical laboratory of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences and Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran. Results: The relative activity reduced from 100% for native enzyme to 10%, 7.9%, and 6.4% for modified MT with different NBS of concentrations 2, 10, and 20 mM, respectively. Thermal instability of modified enzyme was confirmed by decreased Tm and ∆G25°C values after modification. In accordance with kinetic and thermodynamic results, the lower stability of modified MT was observed from the changes occurred on its secondary and tertiary structures. Conclusions: Chemical modification of tryptophan residues with NBS reduces the activity and stability of MT simultaneously with its structural change. Thus, this study emphasizes the crucial role of tryptophan residues in the structure-function relationship of MT enzyme.","PeriodicalId":8849,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84624327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: One of the most important issues to diagnose mental disorders is the use of independent tools with similar results. Documented history is an important tool to diagnose diseases at each stage. The first and fundamental step in diagnosis is a comprehensive clinical interview. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the concordance of mental disorders diagnosed by psychiatrist’s clinical interviews and results of thematic apperception test (TAT) conducted by psychologists. Methods: It was a cross sectional descriptive-analytical study. The study population included the patients (male and female) admitted in psychiatry section of Dr. Fatemi hospital in Ardabil, Iran, during 2009-2010. Data were collected from the archive of Ardebil Dr. Fatemi hospital and about 1200 patients were studied. Demographic data of participants including age, gender, marital status, admission date, discharge date and type of insurance were gathered from the recorded documents. The initial diagnosis of psychologist using TAT test was compared with the final diagnosis recorded for the patient attended by physicians. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, ver. 16. Results: Out of 1,200 participants, 660 (55%) were male and 540 (45%) female; 150 (12.5%) subjects were under 25 years old and 284(23.66%) were over 45 years old. Also, 650 subjects were illiterate and the rest were literate. The results of Chi-square test showed a significant difference between diagnoses of psychiatrist’s clinical interviews with TAT results conducted by psychologists (P <0.045). In spite of this difference, the results of TAT test were in relative concordance with psychiatrists’ diagnoses for schizophrenia, depression, bipolar depression and anxiety disease. Conclusions: The findings showed a relative concordance between psychiatric interviews and psychological assessments in the clinical diagnosis of mental illness. Keywords: Mental Disorders, Psychological Interview, Thematic Apperception Test
背景:诊断精神障碍最重要的问题之一是使用具有相似结果的独立工具。有文献记载的病史是诊断疾病各个阶段的重要工具。诊断的第一步和基本步骤是全面的临床访谈。目的:探讨精神科医生临床访谈诊断的精神障碍与心理学家主题统觉测验(TAT)结果的一致性。方法:采用横断面描述性分析研究。研究人群包括2009-2010年在伊朗阿达比尔Dr. Fatemi医院精神科住院的患者(男性和女性)。数据收集自Ardebil Dr. Fatemi医院档案，研究了约1200名患者。从记录的文件中收集参与者的年龄、性别、婚姻状况、入院日期、出院日期和保险类型等人口统计数据。将心理学家使用TAT测试的初步诊断与医生对患者的最终诊断进行比较。数据采用SPSS软件进行分析。16. 结果:在1200名参与者中，660名(55%)为男性，540名(45%)为女性;25岁以下150例(12.5%)，45岁以上284例(23.66%)。另外，650名受试者是文盲，其余是识字的。卡方检验结果显示，精神科医生的临床访谈诊断与心理医生的TAT结果有显著差异(P <0.045)。尽管存在这种差异，但TAT测试结果与精神科医生对精神分裂症、抑郁症、双相抑郁症和焦虑症的诊断结果相对一致。结论:精神病学访谈与心理评估在精神疾病的临床诊断中具有相对的一致性。关键词:精神障碍，心理访谈，主题统觉测验
{"title":"Mental Disorders Diagnosed by Psychiatrist’s Clinical Interviews and Results of the Thematic Apperception Test Conducted by Psychologists","authors":"B. Shahbazzadegan, M. Samadzadeh, M. Abbasi","doi":"10.17795/BHS-37479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/BHS-37479","url":null,"abstract":"Background: One of the most important issues to diagnose mental disorders is the use of independent tools with similar results. Documented history is an important tool to diagnose diseases at each stage. The first and fundamental step in diagnosis is a comprehensive \u0000clinical interview. \u0000Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the concordance of mental disorders diagnosed by psychiatrist’s clinical interviews and results of thematic apperception test (TAT) conducted by psychologists. \u0000Methods: It was a cross sectional descriptive-analytical study. The study population included the patients (male and female) admitted in psychiatry section of Dr. Fatemi hospital in Ardabil, Iran, during 2009-2010. Data were collected from the archive of Ardebil Dr. Fatemi hospital and about 1200 patients were studied. Demographic data of participants including age, gender, marital status, \u0000admission date, discharge date and type of insurance were gathered from the recorded documents. The initial diagnosis of psychologist using TAT test was compared with the final diagnosis recorded for the patient attended by physicians. Data were analyzed \u0000using SPSS software, ver. 16. \u0000Results: Out of 1,200 participants, 660 (55%) were male and 540 (45%) female; 150 (12.5%) subjects were under 25 years old and 284(23.66%) were over 45 years old. Also, 650 subjects were illiterate and the rest were literate. The results of Chi-square test showed a significant difference between diagnoses of psychiatrist’s clinical interviews with TAT results conducted by psychologists (P <0.045). In spite of this difference, the results of TAT test were in relative concordance with psychiatrists’ diagnoses for schizophrenia, depression, bipolar depression and anxiety disease. \u0000Conclusions: The findings showed a relative concordance between psychiatric interviews and psychological assessments in the clinical diagnosis of mental illness. \u0000Keywords: Mental Disorders, Psychological Interview, Thematic Apperception Test","PeriodicalId":8849,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84792179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Accreditation is usually a voluntary plan supported by a non-governmental institution and trained evaluators that examine the competency of organizations providing health service according to pre-specified performance standards. Objectives: The current study aimed to determine the degree of establishment of accreditation standards using logical framework of Zachman. Methods: This descriptive research was conducted during year 2015. The population of the study included people involved in the establishment of accreditation standards. Sampling was conducted in the form of complete enumeration according to 36 standards of accreditation. The instrument used for data collection was the “Logical framework of Zachman”. Columns of framework consisted of people involved in conducting the work (Who), the purpose of the work (Why), strategy of the work (What), work time (When), and sub-system of doing work (Where) and way of doing work (How), and rows of framework included the view of hospital chief, director/assistants of hospital, officials and personnel. Test chi-square was used to compare between accreditation standards text and studied hospital gap. Descriptive statistical method was used for variables. Results: People involved in doing work and sub-systems of doing work at the hospital were consistent with specified accreditation standards. In 27% of the standards, time interval of doing work in the hospital was not conducted according to accreditation standards. In terms of way of doing work, 25% of standards had not been established, and 26% of them had been established incompletely. During interviews, it was found that 59% of personnel of purpose of doing work, and 94% of them are not informed about the strategy of doing work, according to accreditation standards in the hospital. Conclusions: Uncertainties in the accreditation standards in dimensions of purpose, people involved, strategy and time interval of doing work, respectively, led to a lack of understanding the intention of author/developers of standards by personnel. As a result, this led to lack of complete establishment of accreditation standards in the studied hospital. Keywords: Accreditation, Establishment, Gap, Hospitals, Tehran
{"title":"Determination of Gap in Accreditation Standards Establishment Process Using Zachman Framework at a Health-Educational Hospital","authors":"S. Asefzadeh, J. Mamikhani, E. Navvabi","doi":"10.17795/BHS-38779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/BHS-38779","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Accreditation is usually a voluntary plan supported by a non-governmental institution and trained evaluators that examine the competency of organizations providing health service according to pre-specified performance standards. Objectives: The current study aimed to determine the degree of establishment of accreditation standards using logical framework of Zachman. Methods: This descriptive research was conducted during year 2015. The population of the study included people involved in the establishment of accreditation standards. Sampling was conducted in the form of complete enumeration according to 36 standards of accreditation. The instrument used for data collection was the “Logical framework of Zachman”. Columns of framework consisted of people involved in conducting the work (Who), the purpose of the work (Why), strategy of the work (What), work time (When), and sub-system of doing work (Where) and way of doing work (How), and rows of framework included the view of hospital chief, director/assistants of hospital, officials and personnel. Test chi-square was used to compare between accreditation standards text and studied hospital gap. Descriptive statistical method was used for variables. Results: People involved in doing work and sub-systems of doing work at the hospital were consistent with specified accreditation standards. In 27% of the standards, time interval of doing work in the hospital was not conducted according to accreditation standards. In terms of way of doing work, 25% of standards had not been established, and 26% of them had been established incompletely. During interviews, it was found that 59% of personnel of purpose of doing work, and 94% of them are not informed about the strategy of doing work, according to accreditation standards in the hospital. Conclusions: Uncertainties in the accreditation standards in dimensions of purpose, people involved, strategy and time interval of doing work, respectively, led to a lack of understanding the intention of author/developers of standards by personnel. As a result, this led to lack of complete establishment of accreditation standards in the studied hospital. Keywords: Accreditation, Establishment, Gap, Hospitals, Tehran","PeriodicalId":8849,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78800804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in patients with symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI), and to analyze bacte- riological and clinical findings. Methods: In a prospective study, 187 patients with UTI and suggestive signs and symptoms were included. History of UTI and clinical findings were recorded. Urine specimens were cultured and analyzed for pyuria by sediment microscopy and nitrite using a test strip. The systemic inflammatory response was assessed by ESR, and total white blood cell count. Results: Escherichia coli accounted for 62.2% of the urinary isolates. Most UTI patients showed a decline three days after treatment, whereas some had an increased ESR response at this time (despite improvements in clinical symptoms). Overall, ESR on the sixth day was determined to be a better marker for response to symptomatic UTI treatment than the third day ESR. Conclusions: This study showed that ESR and clinical findings were not interchangeable indexes of patient's condition, although they are concordant (both normal and both abnormal) in the vast majority of patients. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate is frequently misleading in patients with UTI and is not responsive to changes in the patient's condition. Checking ESR is recommended not earlier than six days after starting UTI treatment, if necessary.
{"title":"Trend of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate in Patients with Symptomatic Urinary Tract Infection Under Treatment","authors":"S. Makarem, A. Allami, Navid Mohammadi","doi":"10.17795/BHS-40117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/BHS-40117","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in patients with symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI), and to analyze bacte- riological and clinical findings. Methods: In a prospective study, 187 patients with UTI and suggestive signs and symptoms were included. History of UTI and clinical findings were recorded. Urine specimens were cultured and analyzed for pyuria by sediment microscopy and nitrite using a test strip. The systemic inflammatory response was assessed by ESR, and total white blood cell count. Results: Escherichia coli accounted for 62.2% of the urinary isolates. Most UTI patients showed a decline three days after treatment, whereas some had an increased ESR response at this time (despite improvements in clinical symptoms). Overall, ESR on the sixth day was determined to be a better marker for response to symptomatic UTI treatment than the third day ESR. Conclusions: This study showed that ESR and clinical findings were not interchangeable indexes of patient's condition, although they are concordant (both normal and both abnormal) in the vast majority of patients. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate is frequently misleading in patients with UTI and is not responsive to changes in the patient's condition. Checking ESR is recommended not earlier than six days after starting UTI treatment, if necessary.","PeriodicalId":8849,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75263820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salman Ghaseminejhad, Ghahraman Mahmoudi, G. Abedi
Background: Medical tourism, a multi-million-dollar industry, has had a significant effect in economic flourishing, creating jobs, and preventing the outflow of currency. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate teaching hospitals affiliated to Gilan and Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, according to joint commission international (JCI) standards. Methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted among teaching hospitals affiliated to Gilan and Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences during year 2015. To collect data and evaluate the hospitals, patient-oriented standards of JCI was applied. Results: Amongst the eight standards, international patient safety goals (IPSG) (with a score of 87.5%) had the highest, and patient and family education (PFE) (with a score of 53.75%) had the lowest score. Hospital “4” with a score of 90.41%, had the highest, and hospital “7” with 58.90%, had the lowest rate of compliance to the standards. According to the Mann-Whitney test, the observed statistics considering a P value of ≤ 0.05 level, was not significant, therefore on a 95% certainty level, there was no significant difference between hospitals in Gilan and Mazandaran, regarding compliance with standards. Overall, the hospitals under study were relatively prepared for attracting medical tourists. Conclusions: According to the results, it seems that more planning and implementation of projects is required to strengthen the axes of the joint commission regarding accreditation of hospitals and attraction of medical tourists to these centers, especially foreign tourists. Researchers are recommended to pay special attention to the university of medical sciences of two provinces for the establishment of standards and utilization of professional consultants. Keywords: Medical Tourism, Patient-Oriented Standards, JCI, Gilan, Mazandaran, Hospital
{"title":"Evaluation of Patient-Oriented Standards of Joint Commission International in Gilan and Mazandaran Teaching Hospitals","authors":"Salman Ghaseminejhad, Ghahraman Mahmoudi, G. Abedi","doi":"10.17795/BHS-38050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/BHS-38050","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Medical tourism, a multi-million-dollar industry, has had a significant effect in economic flourishing, creating jobs, and preventing the outflow of currency. \u0000Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate teaching hospitals affiliated to Gilan and Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, according to joint commission international (JCI) standards. \u0000Methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted among teaching hospitals affiliated to Gilan and Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences during year 2015. To collect data and evaluate the hospitals, patient-oriented standards of JCI was applied. \u0000Results: Amongst the eight standards, international patient safety goals (IPSG) (with a score of 87.5%) had the highest, and patient and family education (PFE) (with a score of 53.75%) had the lowest score. Hospital “4” with a score of 90.41%, had the highest, and hospital “7” with 58.90%, had the lowest rate of compliance to the standards. According to the Mann-Whitney test, the observed statistics considering a P value of ≤ 0.05 level, was not significant, therefore on a 95% certainty level, there was no significant difference between hospitals in Gilan and Mazandaran, regarding compliance with standards. Overall, the hospitals under study were \u0000relatively prepared for attracting medical tourists. \u0000Conclusions: According to the results, it seems that more planning and implementation of projects is required to strengthen the axes of the joint commission regarding accreditation of hospitals and attraction of medical tourists to these centers, especially foreign tourists. Researchers are recommended to pay special attention to the university of medical sciences of two provinces for \u0000the establishment of standards and utilization of professional consultants. \u0000Keywords: Medical Tourism, Patient-Oriented Standards, JCI, Gilan, Mazandaran, Hospital","PeriodicalId":8849,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75550043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Baratali Asghari, Ahmad Bazazan, Soheil Nasouhi, Qorbanali Aghighy, F. Ahmadi, Amirhosein Talebian, M. Asadi, A. Raei, Parvin Mohammadpour
Background: Job burnout, defined as a syndrome derived from prolonged exposure to stressors at work, is often observed in health care workers. Shift work and job satisfaction are considered two of the occupational risks for burnout in nurses. Nurses have stress and health complaints. In addition, nurses are likely to job burnout. Objectives: The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of job burnout and its association with work schedules and job satisfaction among Iranian nurses in a public hospital. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in one of the largest Iranian public hospitals among 362 nurses (response rate: 80.44%) in Tehran, Iran. The Maslach burnout inventory (MBI-22) and demographic factors questionnaire were used in the present study. The relationship between job burnout with work schedules and job satisfaction was investigated with multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: The mean age and work experience of the participants were 36.14 ± 8.59 and 15.23 ± 9.30 years, respectively. The result indicated a relatively high prevalence of burnout (particularly, personal accomplishment) among the study population. In general, 64.4% of participants reported low personal accomplishment level. The nurses engaged in shift work reported higher levels of emotional exhaustion (odds ratio (OR) = 1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.006 - 1.041, P-value = 0.008); there was no relationship between workschedules with depersonalization and personal accomplishment. The result showed significant relationship between job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion (OR = 0.945, 95% CI = 0.928 - 0.963, P-value < 0.001) and personal accomplishment (OR = 1.003, 95% CI = 1.014 - 1.058, P-value = 0.001). Conclusions: The current study revealed that the Iranian nurses are exposed to a considerable risk of personal accomplishment. Also, job burnout is in association with shift working and low job satisfaction level. In this regard, working pressure, type of job and income may affect job burnout. Ergonomic interventional programs are recommended to improve the working conditions. Keywords: Circadian Rhythm, Burnout, Occupational Health, Job Satisfaction
{"title":"Job Burnout and its Association With Work Schedules and Job Satisfaction Among Iranian Nurses in a Public Hospital: A Questionnaire Survey","authors":"Baratali Asghari, Ahmad Bazazan, Soheil Nasouhi, Qorbanali Aghighy, F. Ahmadi, Amirhosein Talebian, M. Asadi, A. Raei, Parvin Mohammadpour","doi":"10.17795/BHS-37891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/BHS-37891","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Job burnout, defined as a syndrome derived from prolonged exposure to stressors at work, is often observed in health care workers. Shift work and job satisfaction are considered two of the occupational risks for burnout in nurses. Nurses have stress and health complaints. In addition, nurses are likely to job burnout. \u0000Objectives: The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of job burnout and its association with work schedules and job satisfaction among Iranian nurses in a public hospital. \u0000Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in one of the largest Iranian public hospitals among 362 nurses (response rate: 80.44%) in Tehran, Iran. The Maslach burnout inventory (MBI-22) and demographic factors questionnaire were used in the present study. The relationship between job burnout with work schedules and job satisfaction was investigated with multiple logistic regression analysis. \u0000Results: The mean age and work experience of the participants were 36.14 ± 8.59 and 15.23 ± 9.30 years, respectively. The result indicated a relatively high prevalence of burnout (particularly, personal accomplishment) among the study population. In general, \u000064.4% of participants reported low personal accomplishment level. The nurses engaged in shift work reported higher levels of emotional exhaustion (odds ratio (OR) = 1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.006 - 1.041, P-value = 0.008); there was no relationship \u0000between workschedules with depersonalization and personal accomplishment. The result showed significant relationship between job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion (OR = 0.945, 95% CI = 0.928 - 0.963, P-value < 0.001) and personal accomplishment (OR = 1.003, 95% CI = 1.014 - 1.058, P-value = 0.001). \u0000Conclusions: The current study revealed that the Iranian nurses are exposed to a considerable risk of personal accomplishment. Also, job burnout is in association with shift working and low job satisfaction level. In this regard, working pressure, type of job and income may affect job burnout. Ergonomic interventional programs are recommended to improve the working conditions. \u0000Keywords: Circadian Rhythm, Burnout, Occupational Health, Job Satisfaction","PeriodicalId":8849,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75212333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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