M. Alijanzadeh, S. Asefzadeh, Seyed Ali Moosaniaye Zare
Background: Infant mortality rate (per 1000 live births) is a vital index to monitor the standard of health and social inequality which is related to human development dimensions worldwide. Human development index (HDI) includes basic social indicators such as life expectancy, education and income. Objectives: The current study aimed to find the correlation between human development index and infant mortality rate. Patients and Methods: This descriptive study that represents the relationship of infant mortality rate with human development index and human development index dimensions was performed on the profiles of 135 countries worldwide [Africa (35 countries), America (26 countries), Asia (30 countries), the Pacific (2 countries) and Europe (42 countries)]. Two databases were used in the study: the world health organization (WHO) database (2010) and human development database (2010). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test by SPSS software. Results: The study found that socio-economic factors or human development dimensions are significantly correlated with risk of chance mortality in the world. The per capita income (r = -0.625), life expectancy (r = -0.925) and education (r = -0.843) were negatively correlated with the infant mortality rate; human development index (r = -0.844) was also negatively correlated with the infant mortality rate (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Human development index is one of the best indicators and predictors to perceive healthcare inequities. Worldwide improvement of these indicators, especially the education level, might promote infant life expectancy and decrease infant mortality. Keywords: Infant Mortality Rate, Education, Income, Life Expectancy, Human Development Index
{"title":"Correlation Between Human Development Index and Infant Mortality Rate Worldwide","authors":"M. Alijanzadeh, S. Asefzadeh, Seyed Ali Moosaniaye Zare","doi":"10.17795/BHS-35330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/BHS-35330","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Infant mortality rate (per 1000 live births) is a vital index to monitor the standard of health and social inequality which is related to human development dimensions worldwide. Human development index (HDI) includes basic social indicators such as life expectancy, education and income. \u0000Objectives: The current study aimed to find the correlation between human development index and infant mortality rate. \u0000Patients and Methods: This descriptive study that represents the relationship of infant mortality rate with human development index and human development index dimensions was performed on the profiles of 135 countries worldwide [Africa (35 countries), America (26 countries), Asia (30 countries), the Pacific (2 countries) and Europe (42 countries)]. Two databases were used in the study: the world \u0000health organization (WHO) database (2010) and human development database (2010). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test by SPSS software. \u0000Results: The study found that socio-economic factors or human development dimensions are significantly correlated with risk of chance mortality in the world. The per capita income (r = -0.625), life expectancy (r = -0.925) and education (r = -0.843) were negatively correlated with the infant mortality rate; human development index (r = -0.844) was also negatively correlated with the infant mortality \u0000rate (P < 0.01). \u0000Conclusions: Human development index is one of the best indicators and predictors to perceive healthcare inequities. Worldwide improvement of these indicators, especially the education level, might promote infant life expectancy and decrease infant mortality. \u0000Keywords: Infant Mortality Rate, Education, Income, Life Expectancy, Human Development Index","PeriodicalId":8849,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86828084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Baratali Asghari, A. Tavana, M. Yaghoubi, E. A. Marzabadi, S. Saeed, Mansour Babaei, M. Ghanei
Background: Nutrition can be regarded as an important part of any preparation program, as well as an important part of life. It seems essential to develop nutritional science and improve eating habits with the purpose of developing a healthy diet and avoiding the outcomes that arise from a lack of nutrition. Proper nutrition is one of the important factors for the development of health. Lack of sufficient awareness about nutrition can result in improper eating habits. Objectives: The present study evaluated the effect of knowledge about healthy nutrition and nutrition science on the knowledge development approach. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, the statistical population consisted of 190 experts and other scholars in the area of nutritional science. A questionnaire based on demographic details, nutritional science, nutrition education, research, proper solutions to individuals’ nutritional problems, and a culture of nutrition was used for data collection. Results: A relatively strong positive correlation was found between the knowledge development approach, nutritional science, nutrition education and research, and proper solutions for individual nutritional problems and a culture of nutrition (P < 0.001). Conclusions: 1) Effective enhancement and participation in an academic community will be important in the future of food and nutrition security; however, major gaps and weaknesses also exist in this context; 2) The main weaknesses in relation to the lack of clear policies and procedures include focusing on only Tehran, Iran; the need to overcome bureaucracy; and problems related to motivation, capital, and international communications; 3) Qualitative and quantitative improvement of research is not possible without access to skilled experts and researchers; 4) To solve these problems, it will be beneficial to pay more attention to the role of universities, facilitate intellectual communication among professors in Tehran and other provinces, ensure that Iranian professors are employed abroad, develop educational and research cooperation with foreign countries, and ensure that facilities for international cooperation put in place by united nations (UN) agencies are used.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Effect of Knowledge Concerning Healthy Nutrition and Nutrition Science on the Knowledge Development Approach","authors":"Baratali Asghari, A. Tavana, M. Yaghoubi, E. A. Marzabadi, S. Saeed, Mansour Babaei, M. Ghanei","doi":"10.17795/BHS-34849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/BHS-34849","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nutrition can be regarded as an important part of any preparation program, as well as an important part of life. It seems essential to develop nutritional science and improve eating habits with the purpose of developing a healthy diet and avoiding the outcomes that arise from a lack of nutrition. Proper nutrition is one of the important factors for the development of health. Lack of sufficient awareness about nutrition can result in improper eating habits. Objectives: The present study evaluated the effect of knowledge about healthy nutrition and nutrition science on the knowledge development approach. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, the statistical population consisted of 190 experts and other scholars in the area of nutritional science. A questionnaire based on demographic details, nutritional science, nutrition education, research, proper solutions to individuals’ nutritional problems, and a culture of nutrition was used for data collection. Results: A relatively strong positive correlation was found between the knowledge development approach, nutritional science, nutrition education and research, and proper solutions for individual nutritional problems and a culture of nutrition (P < 0.001). Conclusions: 1) Effective enhancement and participation in an academic community will be important in the future of food and nutrition security; however, major gaps and weaknesses also exist in this context; 2) The main weaknesses in relation to the lack of clear policies and procedures include focusing on only Tehran, Iran; the need to overcome bureaucracy; and problems related to motivation, capital, and international communications; 3) Qualitative and quantitative improvement of research is not possible without access to skilled experts and researchers; 4) To solve these problems, it will be beneficial to pay more attention to the role of universities, facilitate intellectual communication among professors in Tehran and other provinces, ensure that Iranian professors are employed abroad, develop educational and research cooperation with foreign countries, and ensure that facilities for international cooperation put in place by united nations (UN) agencies are used.","PeriodicalId":8849,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90256195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Askari, S. Rafiei, R. Montazerolfaraj, A. Tafti, F. Torabi
{"title":"Quality of Working Life and Its Association with Organizational Performance: A Model Applied for Healthcare Workers","authors":"R. Askari, S. Rafiei, R. Montazerolfaraj, A. Tafti, F. Torabi","doi":"10.17795/BHS-42050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/BHS-42050","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8849,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88209320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Meat is an important source of several nutrients. The capability top of fresh meat to rot, causing the group of studies food science, biological and chemical stability meat consideration. Objectives: This study was conducted to examine the inhibitory effect of Artemisias spicigera essential oil against fungal species isolated from minced meat. Materials and Methods: Two types of media dichloran 18% glycerol (DG18) agar and dichloran rosebengal chloramphenicol (DRBC) agar were selected for the mycological analysis of the minced meat samples. To evaluate the antifungal activity of essential oils, the microdilution broth method based on the CLSI (M27A) guideline was used. Results: Artemisias spicigera essential oil has an inhibitory effect on the growth of fungi found in samples of minced meat. Aspergillus, Penicillium and Cladosporium were the most common genera on both medium types. Average Minimum Inhibitory Concentration 50 = 1.88 µL/mL and MIC 90 = 2 µL/mL were reported. The genus of Mucor with MIC = 1.0 µL/mL was the most sensitive and Aspergilus versicolor was the most resistant species to the essential oil with MIC = 4 µL/mL. Conclusions: The results of the present study show a favorable inhibitory effect of Artemisias spicigera essential oil on fungal growth, especially Aspergillus species. According to the results, antifungal components of Artemisias spicigera in different forms are used to prevent fungal pollution.
{"title":"Inhibitory Activity of Artemisia spicigera Essential Oil Against Fungal Species Isolated From Minced Meat","authors":"P. Ghajarbeygi, N. Saki, F. Katiraee, R. Mahmoudi","doi":"10.17795/BHS-32635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/BHS-32635","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Meat is an important source of several nutrients. The capability top of fresh meat to rot, causing the group of studies food science, biological and chemical stability meat consideration. Objectives: This study was conducted to examine the inhibitory effect of Artemisias spicigera essential oil against fungal species isolated from minced meat. Materials and Methods: Two types of media dichloran 18% glycerol (DG18) agar and dichloran rosebengal chloramphenicol (DRBC) agar were selected for the mycological analysis of the minced meat samples. To evaluate the antifungal activity of essential oils, the microdilution broth method based on the CLSI (M27A) guideline was used. Results: Artemisias spicigera essential oil has an inhibitory effect on the growth of fungi found in samples of minced meat. Aspergillus, Penicillium and Cladosporium were the most common genera on both medium types. Average Minimum Inhibitory Concentration 50 = 1.88 µL/mL and MIC 90 = 2 µL/mL were reported. The genus of Mucor with MIC = 1.0 µL/mL was the most sensitive and Aspergilus versicolor was the most resistant species to the essential oil with MIC = 4 µL/mL. Conclusions: The results of the present study show a favorable inhibitory effect of Artemisias spicigera essential oil on fungal growth, especially Aspergillus species. According to the results, antifungal components of Artemisias spicigera in different forms are used to prevent fungal pollution.","PeriodicalId":8849,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87621714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Kiaei, R. Moradi, E. Hasanpoor, M. Mohammadi, Aniseh Taheri, M. Ahmadzadeh
Background: The main purpose of any government from a healthcare reform is to improve the service quality and raised public satisfaction. Objectives: As the important role of managerial human resources in any organizational changes, this paper tried to examine the point of view of this group about the recent reform in governmental hospitals of Qazvin. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in January 2015. The statistical population consisted of 50 executive managers of Qazvin teaching hospitals. The data gathering instrument was a research-made questionnaire with approved reliability and validity (α = 0.84). Data analyse was performed in SPSS version 20 using descriptive and analytic statistics (analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson correlation test and one sample t-test). Results: A total of 43.2% of managers believed that this reform was a good restrictor for malpractices in healthcare and 31.8% believed that it will not be so useful to improve the society health status. The average score of resource preparation, insurance companies coordination, changing the routine workflows, and finally achieving the goals, had a meaningful difference (P ˂ 0.05) and the average score of these fields were upper than average. Conclusions: The findings showed that based on the managers’ point of view, the reform plan was able to achieve its primary goals; however, it could not meet their exceptions in improving the society health status. Therefore, it is necessary to design some interventions for changing this perception.
背景:任何政府从医疗改革的主要目的是提高服务质量和提高公众满意度。目的:由于管理人力资源在任何组织变革中的重要作用，本文试图考察这一群体对最近加兹温公立医院改革的观点。患者和方法:本横断面研究于2015年1月进行。统计人群为加兹温教学医院行政管理人员50人。资料收集工具为自制问卷，信度和效度均为认可(α = 0.84)。使用SPSS version 20进行数据分析，采用描述性统计和分析统计(方差分析(ANOVA)、Pearson相关检验和单样本t检验)。结果:共有43.2%的管理者认为该改革对医疗卫生不正之风起到了很好的制约作用，31.8%的管理者认为该改革对改善社会健康状况没有太大作用。资源准备、保险公司协调、改变常规工作流程和最终实现目标的平均得分差异有统计学意义(P依据0.05)，且平均得分高于平均水平。结论:研究结果表明，从管理者的角度来看，改革方案能够实现其主要目标;然而，它不能满足他们在改善社会健康状况方面的例外情况。因此，有必要设计一些干预措施来改变这种看法。
{"title":"Hospital Managers' Perception of Recent Health Care Reform in Teaching Hospitals of Qazvin, Iran","authors":"M. Kiaei, R. Moradi, E. Hasanpoor, M. Mohammadi, Aniseh Taheri, M. Ahmadzadeh","doi":"10.17795/BHS-33196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/BHS-33196","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The main purpose of any government from a healthcare reform is to improve the service quality and raised public satisfaction. Objectives: As the important role of managerial human resources in any organizational changes, this paper tried to examine the point of view of this group about the recent reform in governmental hospitals of Qazvin. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in January 2015. The statistical population consisted of 50 executive managers of Qazvin teaching hospitals. The data gathering instrument was a research-made questionnaire with approved reliability and validity (α = 0.84). Data analyse was performed in SPSS version 20 using descriptive and analytic statistics (analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson correlation test and one sample t-test). Results: A total of 43.2% of managers believed that this reform was a good restrictor for malpractices in healthcare and 31.8% believed that it will not be so useful to improve the society health status. The average score of resource preparation, insurance companies coordination, changing the routine workflows, and finally achieving the goals, had a meaningful difference (P ˂ 0.05) and the average score of these fields were upper than average. Conclusions: The findings showed that based on the managers’ point of view, the reform plan was able to achieve its primary goals; however, it could not meet their exceptions in improving the society health status. Therefore, it is necessary to design some interventions for changing this perception.","PeriodicalId":8849,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83355236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Ghajarbeygi, A. Mohammadi, R. Mahmoudi, M. Kosari-Nasab
Abstract Background: Essential oils (EO), also called volatile odoriferous oil, are aromatic oily liquids extracted from different parts of plants. In general, the constituents in EOs are terpenes, aromatic compounds (aldehyde, alcohol, phenol, methoxy derivatives, and so on), and terpenoids (isoprenoids). Essential Oils have been known to possess antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, thereby serving as natural additives in foods and food products. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the quantity and quality of compounds, with active chemical and antioxidant properties, of Artemisia spicigera essential oil (EO) due to the effect of geographic location and season of harvest on the phenolic compounds of the plant. The plant was collected from east Azarbayjan province, Iran (both before and after the flowering stage). Materials and Methods: A. spicigera EO was analyzed by gas chromatogram/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antioxidant activity and total phenolic content before and after flowering were evaluated by the Folin Ciocalteu method. Also, the yields of essential oil as a percentage based on the level of dry plant and the volume of extracted oil was determined. Results: Analysis of A. spicigera EO by gas chromatogram-mass spectrometry showed that spachulenol 1 H cycloprop (18.39%) and bicyclo hexan-3-en, 4-met (26.16%), were the prominent EOs of Artemisia before and after the flowering stage; the total phenolic EO before and after the flowering stage was 23.61 ± 1.08 μg/mL and 17.71 ± 0.9 μg/mL, respectively. Also level of flavonoid content before and after the flowering stage was 37.27 ± 1.70 μg/mL and 29.04 ± 1.30 μg/mL, respectively. This EO was able to reduce the stable free radical 2, 2-diphenol,1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) with an IC50 of 86.14 ± 2.23 and 96.18 ± 2.61 μg/mL, before and after flowering, respectively. Yield of EO before and after flowering was 0.5% and 0.6%, respectively. Conclusions: Results have shown that A. spicigera EO before and after flowering has antioxidant properties and therefore can be used in combination with other preservatives to protect food materials against a variety of oxidative systems. Keywords: Essential Oils, Antioxidants, Gas Chromatography, Artemisia spicigera
{"title":"Artemisia spicigera Essential Oil: Assessment of Phytochemical and Antioxidant Properties","authors":"P. Ghajarbeygi, A. Mohammadi, R. Mahmoudi, M. Kosari-Nasab","doi":"10.17795/BHS-32605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/BHS-32605","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000Background: Essential oils (EO), also called volatile odoriferous oil, are aromatic oily liquids extracted from different parts of plants. In general, the constituents in EOs are terpenes, aromatic compounds (aldehyde, alcohol, phenol, methoxy derivatives, and so on), and terpenoids (isoprenoids). Essential Oils have been known to possess antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, thereby serving as natural additives in foods and food products. \u0000Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the quantity and quality of compounds, with active chemical and antioxidant properties, of Artemisia spicigera essential oil (EO) due to the effect of geographic location and season of harvest on the phenolic compounds of the plant. The plant was collected from east Azarbayjan province, Iran (both before and after the flowering stage). \u0000Materials and Methods: A. spicigera EO was analyzed by gas chromatogram/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antioxidant activity and total phenolic content before and after flowering were evaluated by the Folin Ciocalteu method. Also, the yields of essential oil as a percentage based on the level of dry plant and the volume of extracted oil was determined. \u0000Results: Analysis of A. spicigera EO by gas chromatogram-mass spectrometry showed that spachulenol 1 H cycloprop (18.39%) and bicyclo hexan-3-en, 4-met (26.16%), were the prominent EOs of Artemisia before and after the flowering stage; the total phenolic EO before and after the flowering stage was 23.61 ± 1.08 μg/mL and 17.71 ± 0.9 μg/mL, respectively. Also level of flavonoid content before and after the flowering stage was 37.27 ± 1.70 μg/mL and 29.04 ± 1.30 μg/mL, respectively. This EO was able to reduce the stable free radical 2, 2-diphenol,1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) with an IC50 of 86.14 ± 2.23 and 96.18 ± 2.61 μg/mL, before and after flowering, respectively. Yield of EO before and after flowering was 0.5% and 0.6%, respectively. \u0000Conclusions: Results have shown that A. spicigera EO before and after flowering has antioxidant properties and therefore can be used in combination with other preservatives to protect food materials against a variety of oxidative systems. \u0000Keywords: Essential Oils, Antioxidants, Gas Chromatography, Artemisia spicigera","PeriodicalId":8849,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87542758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ahmadi, Ehteramolsadat Hosseini, A. Pourfatollah, Mehran Ghasemzadeh, G. Karimi
Background: Natural killer (NK) cells are members of the innate immune system. Their unique properties, including recognition of viral infected and tumor cells without major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restriction or prior sensitization, make them a suitable choice for immunotherapy. Low numbers of NK cells in circulating blood is the most important obstacle for this goal. Objectives: The aim of this study was to make an optimum in vitro condition to proliferate and differentiate cord blood (CB)-NK cell progenitors to mature NK cells, which can be used for cell therapy. Materials and Methods: In our study, CB-Mononuclear Cells’ (MNCs) CD3+ lymphocytes were positive depleted using immunomagnetic microbeads. This CD3-depleted (CD3-dep) CB - MNCs compartment was used for in vitro expansion with or without a layer of amnion membrane mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in combination with cytokines that are essential for NK cells expansion (IL-2, IL-3, IL-15, and FLT3 ligand). The expansion period lasted for one week. On day seven, immunophenotype and fold expansion of differentiated cells were measured. Results: Combination of cytokines and MSC layer yielded significant fold expansion in comparison with cytokines without feeder conditions (day 7: 5.2 ± 1.12 and 2 ± 0.78, respectively, P < 0.05). CD3-/CD56+ cells percentage increased during the culture period in MSCs/ with cytokine and cytokine/without feeder, respectively (day 0: 4.4 ± 0.42% and day 7: 22.9 ± 3.6% and 13.9 ± 1.92 % for MSC/with cytokine and cytokine without feeder, respectively). Conclusions: Our results suggested that CB-NK cells progenitors could proliferate and differentiate on feeder layer of amnion membrane MSCs in combination with specific cytokines to produce NK cells for immunotherapy.
{"title":"The Role of Amnion Membrane-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Differentiation and Expansion of Natural Killer Cell Progenitors Originated From Umbilical Cord Blood Mononuclear Cells","authors":"M. Ahmadi, Ehteramolsadat Hosseini, A. Pourfatollah, Mehran Ghasemzadeh, G. Karimi","doi":"10.17795/BHS-33684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/BHS-33684","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Natural killer (NK) cells are members of the innate immune system. Their unique properties, including recognition of viral infected and tumor cells without major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restriction or prior sensitization, make them a suitable choice for immunotherapy. Low numbers of NK cells in circulating blood is the most important obstacle for this goal. Objectives: The aim of this study was to make an optimum in vitro condition to proliferate and differentiate cord blood (CB)-NK cell progenitors to mature NK cells, which can be used for cell therapy. Materials and Methods: In our study, CB-Mononuclear Cells’ (MNCs) CD3+ lymphocytes were positive depleted using immunomagnetic microbeads. This CD3-depleted (CD3-dep) CB - MNCs compartment was used for in vitro expansion with or without a layer of amnion membrane mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in combination with cytokines that are essential for NK cells expansion (IL-2, IL-3, IL-15, and FLT3 ligand). The expansion period lasted for one week. On day seven, immunophenotype and fold expansion of differentiated cells were measured. Results: Combination of cytokines and MSC layer yielded significant fold expansion in comparison with cytokines without feeder conditions (day 7: 5.2 ± 1.12 and 2 ± 0.78, respectively, P < 0.05). CD3-/CD56+ cells percentage increased during the culture period in MSCs/ with cytokine and cytokine/without feeder, respectively (day 0: 4.4 ± 0.42% and day 7: 22.9 ± 3.6% and 13.9 ± 1.92 % for MSC/with cytokine and cytokine without feeder, respectively). Conclusions: Our results suggested that CB-NK cells progenitors could proliferate and differentiate on feeder layer of amnion membrane MSCs in combination with specific cytokines to produce NK cells for immunotherapy.","PeriodicalId":8849,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87978499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Background: One of the most important threats for children’s health status is being overweight and obesity, and related causes such as screen time prevalence. Prevalence of being overweight and obesity in children is associated with health risk consequences in adulthood. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of screen time and physical activity in overweight and obese students. Patients and Methods: In this cross sectional descriptive study we randomly selected 302 students, from all districts of Qazvin, who’s relative body mass index (RBMIs) were above the 85th percentile. Their screen time and physical activity prevalence were assessed with two separate techniques (self-report and parent-report). Pearson correlation test and regression analysis were done to examine the association between RBMI, screen time and physical activity. Results: Mean screen time in boys was more than girls, in both overweight screen time- self report technique (ST-SRT: 1.93 ± 0.24 vs. 1.26 ± 0.44, ST-PRT: 3.4 ± 0.22 vs. 2.1 ± 0.15) and obese subjects (ST-SRT: 1.88 ± 0.31 vs. 1.37 ± 0.49, ST-PRT: 3.2 ± 0.32 vs. 2.3 ± 0.34) yet overweight subjects had less total screen time than obese individuals (P < 0.05). Pearson correlations with one-tailed test indicated that screen time had a significant association with RBMI. In addition, there was a significant association between the two techniques of screen time and physical activity measurements. The model of regression for screen time and RBMI was significant (F = 45, P = 0.000, R 2 = 0.42) and screen time explained about 16% of variance in RBMI (B = 0.021, SEB = 0.004, β = 0.325). Conclusions: Our research determined an association between screen time, physical activity and RBMI. Screen time was a prominent predictor of RBMI in children. It is important for health workers to decrease screen time of children to prevent the prevalence of being overweight and obesity. Keywords: Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Overweight, Obesity
摘要背景:儿童健康状况最重要的威胁之一是超重和肥胖及其相关原因，如屏幕时间的流行。儿童超重和肥胖的流行与成年后的健康风险后果有关。目的:本研究的目的是评估超重和肥胖学生的屏幕时间和身体活动的患病率。患者和方法:在这个横断面描述性研究中，我们从Qazvin所有地区随机选择302名相对体重指数(rbmi)高于85百分位的学生。使用两种不同的技术(自我报告和父母报告)评估他们的屏幕时间和身体活动的流行程度。采用Pearson相关检验和回归分析检验RBMI、屏幕时间和体力活动之间的关系。结果:超重者(ST-SRT: 1.93±0.24 vs. 1.26±0.44,ST-PRT: 3.4±0.22 vs. 2.1±0.15)和肥胖者(ST-SRT: 1.88±0.31 vs. 1.37±0.49,ST-PRT: 3.2±0.32 vs. 2.3±0.34)的平均屏幕时间均多于女孩，但超重者的总屏幕时间少于肥胖者(P < 0.05)。单尾检验的Pearson相关性表明，屏幕时间与RBMI有显著相关。此外，屏幕时间和身体活动测量两种技术之间存在显著关联。屏幕时间与RBMI的回归模型显著(F = 45, P = 0.000, r2 = 0.42)，屏幕时间解释了RBMI约16%的方差(B = 0.021, SEB = 0.004， β = 0.325)。结论:我们的研究确定了屏幕时间、身体活动和RBMI之间的联系。屏幕时间是儿童RBMI的重要预测指标。卫生工作者必须减少儿童的屏幕时间，以防止超重和肥胖的流行。关键词:体力活动，久坐行为，超重，肥胖
{"title":"Screen Time and Physical Activity in Overweight and Obese Students","authors":"K. Hosseinzadeh, Mostafa Shokati Ahmadabad","doi":"10.17795/BHS-31211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/BHS-31211","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: One of the most important threats for children’s health status is being overweight and obesity, and related causes such as \u0000screen time prevalence. Prevalence of being overweight and obesity in children is associated with health risk consequences in adulthood. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of screen time and physical activity in overweight and obese students. Patients and Methods: In this cross sectional descriptive study we randomly selected 302 students, from all districts of Qazvin, who’s relative body mass index (RBMIs) were above the 85th percentile. Their screen time and physical activity prevalence were assessed with two separate techniques (self-report and parent-report). Pearson correlation test and regression analysis were done to examine the association between RBMI, screen time and physical activity. Results: Mean screen time in boys was more than girls, in both overweight screen time- self report technique (ST-SRT: 1.93 ± 0.24 vs. 1.26 ± 0.44, ST-PRT: 3.4 ± 0.22 vs. 2.1 ± 0.15) and obese subjects (ST-SRT: 1.88 ± 0.31 vs. 1.37 ± 0.49, ST-PRT: 3.2 ± 0.32 vs. 2.3 ± 0.34) yet overweight subjects had less total screen time than obese individuals (P < 0.05). Pearson correlations with one-tailed test indicated that screen time had a significant association with RBMI. In addition, there was a significant association between the two techniques of screen time and physical activity measurements. The model of regression for screen time and RBMI was significant (F = 45, P = 0.000, R \u00002 \u0000 = 0.42) and screen time explained about 16% of variance in RBMI (B = 0.021, SEB = 0.004, β = 0.325). Conclusions: Our research determined an association between screen time, physical activity and RBMI. Screen time was a prominent predictor of RBMI in children. It is important for health workers to decrease screen time of children to prevent the prevalence of being overweight and obesity. \u0000Keywords: Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Overweight, Obesity","PeriodicalId":8849,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83730742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Maghsoudi, M. Samadzadeh, S. Maghsoudi, K. Isazadehfar, Tooraj Asadi, B. Shahbazzadegan
Background: Minor head trauma accounts for 70% to 90% of all head traumas. Previous studies stated that minor head traumas were associated with 7% 20% significant abnormal findings in brain computed tomography (CT)-scans. Objectives: The aim of this study was to reevaluate clinical criteria of taking brain CT scan in patients who suffered from minor head trauma. Patients and Methods: We enrolled 680 patients presented to an academic trauma hospital with minor head trauma in a prospective manner. All participants underwent brain CT scan if they met the inclusion criteria and the results of scans were compared with clinical examination finding. Results: Loss of consciousness (GCS drop or amnesia) was markedly associated with abnormal brain CT scan (P < 0.05). Interestingly, we found 7 patients with normal clinical examination but significant abnormal brain CT scan. Conclusions: According to the results of our study, we recommend that all patients with minor head trauma underwent brain CT scan in order not to miss any life-threatening head injuries.
{"title":"Clinical Symptoms of Minor Head Trauma and Abnormal Computed Tomography Scan","authors":"M. Maghsoudi, M. Samadzadeh, S. Maghsoudi, K. Isazadehfar, Tooraj Asadi, B. Shahbazzadegan","doi":"10.17795/BHS-33334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/BHS-33334","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Minor head trauma accounts for 70% to 90% of all head traumas. Previous studies stated that minor head traumas were associated with 7% 20% significant abnormal findings in brain computed tomography (CT)-scans. Objectives: The aim of this study was to reevaluate clinical criteria of taking brain CT scan in patients who suffered from minor head trauma. Patients and Methods: We enrolled 680 patients presented to an academic trauma hospital with minor head trauma in a prospective manner. All participants underwent brain CT scan if they met the inclusion criteria and the results of scans were compared with clinical examination finding. Results: Loss of consciousness (GCS drop or amnesia) was markedly associated with abnormal brain CT scan (P < 0.05). Interestingly, we found 7 patients with normal clinical examination but significant abnormal brain CT scan. Conclusions: According to the results of our study, we recommend that all patients with minor head trauma underwent brain CT scan in order not to miss any life-threatening head injuries.","PeriodicalId":8849,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84223101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Movahed, H. Pakniat, M. Ataee, A. Barikani, Laleh Jamsi
Background: During labor, it is not unusual for women to have little or no nutrient intake, in spite of the fact that the demand for energy increases as a result of skeletal and smooth muscle contractions. Objectives: The objective of the study was to compare the effects of intravenous normal saline with dextrose-saline on the duration of active phase in nulliparous women. Patients and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 174 nulliparous women with gestational age of ≥ 36 weeks in the active phase of spontaneous labor were divided into two groups, receiving either normal saline (NS) or dextrose 5% in normal saline (D5NS) with a rate of 120 mL/hour. The primary outcome was the duration of active phase of labor in vaginally-delivered subjects. The secondary outcomes were the duration of second stage of labor, need to oxytocin, and neonate Apgar score. Data were analyzed with t-test and chi-squared test. Results: Of 174 objects enrolled, 150 women delivered vaginally and completed the study. There was a significant difference in the duration of active phase between the groups (NS: 270.20 ± 13.37 minutes; D5NS: 206.67 ± 11.72 minutes) (P < 0.001) and second stage of labor (NS: 45.20 ± 1.65 minutes; D5NS: 37.27 ± 1.73 minutes) (P < 0.001). No significant difference was observed in the need to oxytocin as well as in Apgar score between the groups. Conclusions: The administration of dextrose saline was associated with a shortened active phase and second stage of labor in vaginally delivered nulliparous women. Keywords: Dextrose; Hydration; Labor; Nulliparity
{"title":"Normal Saline and Dextrose-Saline Infusion Comparison in the Duration of Active Phase in Nulliparous Women","authors":"F. Movahed, H. Pakniat, M. Ataee, A. Barikani, Laleh Jamsi","doi":"10.17795/BHS-31666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/BHS-31666","url":null,"abstract":"Background: During labor, it is not unusual for women to have little or no nutrient intake, in spite of the fact that the demand for energy increases as a result of skeletal and smooth muscle contractions. \u0000 \u0000Objectives: The objective of the study was to compare the effects of intravenous normal saline with dextrose-saline on the duration of active phase in nulliparous women. \u0000 \u0000Patients and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 174 nulliparous women with gestational age of ≥ 36 weeks in the active phase of spontaneous labor were divided into two groups, receiving either normal saline (NS) or dextrose 5% in normal saline (D5NS) with a rate of 120 mL/hour. The primary outcome was the duration of active phase of labor in vaginally-delivered subjects. The secondary outcomes were the duration of second stage of labor, need to oxytocin, and neonate Apgar score. Data were analyzed with t-test and chi-squared test. \u0000 \u0000Results: Of 174 objects enrolled, 150 women delivered vaginally and completed the study. There was a significant difference in the duration of active phase between the groups (NS: 270.20 ± 13.37 minutes; D5NS: 206.67 ± 11.72 minutes) (P < 0.001) and second stage of labor (NS: 45.20 ± 1.65 minutes; D5NS: 37.27 ± 1.73 minutes) (P < 0.001). No significant difference was observed in the need to oxytocin as well as in Apgar score between the groups. \u0000 \u0000Conclusions: The administration of dextrose saline was associated with a shortened active phase and second stage of labor in vaginally delivered nulliparous women. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: Dextrose; Hydration; Labor; Nulliparity","PeriodicalId":8849,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76157912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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