A. Azimi, T. Naserpour, F. Bazmi, A. Peymani, M. Aslanimehr, Saman Saadat
Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common pathogen isolated from severe burn patients with secondary infection. Since high resistance to most types of antibiotics is common among these bacteria, the treatment of infections caused by these agents is very difficult. Loss of oprD proteins from the outer membrane of bacterial cells causes a significant decrease in the sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to carbapenems. Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in burn patients with secondary infection and also to evaluate oprD gene expression as a possible resistance mechanism to carbapenem in isolated carbapenem resistant P. aeruginosa strains. Patients and Methods: One-hundred and eighty-nine clinical isolates of carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, isolated from burn patients, were identified by microbiological methods followed by determination of antibiotic resistance pattern by the Kirby-Bauer procedure. The expression of oprD gene was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Our study showed that 94.2% of the isolates were resistant to imipenem, 99.5% to meropenem, and all were resistant to ertapenem. The OprD gene expression among carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates showed a 2 × 10-3 to 0.5 times decrease compared to the standard sensitive strain (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study indicated that a decrease in oprD gene expression is an important mechanism of resistance in carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from severe burn patients with secondary infection.
{"title":"Evaluation of oprD Gene Expression in Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains Isolated From Severe Burn Patients With Secondary Infection","authors":"A. Azimi, T. Naserpour, F. Bazmi, A. Peymani, M. Aslanimehr, Saman Saadat","doi":"10.17795/BHS30748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/BHS30748","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common pathogen isolated from severe burn patients with secondary infection. Since high resistance to most types of antibiotics is common among these bacteria, the treatment of infections caused by these agents is very difficult. Loss of oprD proteins from the outer membrane of bacterial cells causes a significant decrease in the sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to carbapenems. \u0000Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in burn patients with secondary infection and also to evaluate oprD gene expression as a possible resistance mechanism to carbapenem in isolated carbapenem resistant P. aeruginosa strains. \u0000Patients and Methods: One-hundred and eighty-nine clinical isolates of carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, isolated from burn patients, were identified by microbiological methods followed by determination of antibiotic resistance pattern by the Kirby-Bauer procedure. The expression of oprD gene was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). \u0000Results: Our study showed that 94.2% of the isolates were resistant to imipenem, 99.5% to meropenem, and all were resistant to ertapenem. The OprD gene expression among carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates showed a 2 × 10-3 to 0.5 times decrease compared to the standard sensitive strain (P < 0.05). \u0000Conclusions: The results of this study indicated that a decrease in oprD gene expression is an important mechanism of resistance in carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from severe burn patients with secondary infection.","PeriodicalId":8849,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Health Sciences","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88118470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Mothers of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder are faced with more stress than mothers of healthy children and this extreme stress can affect their ability to train their children effectively. Psychologists believe that there is a moderating factor between stressful events and psychological disorders that cause stressful events to have different effects on individuals. A type of this moderating factor is resiliency. Objectives: To determine the efficacy of behavioral modification with Barkley method on resilience of mothers of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Patients and Methods: Twenty-four mothers of children diagnosed with ADHD were randomly enrolled in this study. The mothers were selected from the 22nd of Bahman hospital of Qazvin city. Mothers with a low score in resilience with children aged between four and twelve years were assigned to experimental and control groups. In this study, a questionnaire was used to measure resilience. The data were analyzed by covariance analysis. Results: The behavioral modification of mothers with the Barkley method significantly enhanced their resiliency with children of ADHD in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusions: The behavioral modification was found to be effective for the resilience of mothers of children with ADHD. Keywords: Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD); Resilience; Behavioral Modification
{"title":"Behavioral Modification of Parents With the Barkley Method to Increase Resilience of Mothers of Children With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder","authors":"S. A. H. S. Javadi, Zahra Soltani Pari, T. Javadi","doi":"10.17795/BHS30256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/BHS30256","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mothers of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder are faced with more stress than mothers of healthy children and this extreme stress can affect their ability to train their children effectively. Psychologists believe that there is a moderating factor between stressful events and psychological disorders that cause stressful events to have different effects on individuals. A type of this moderating factor is resiliency. \u0000 \u0000Objectives: To determine the efficacy of behavioral modification with Barkley method on resilience of mothers of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). \u0000 \u0000Patients and Methods: Twenty-four mothers of children diagnosed with ADHD were randomly enrolled in this study. The mothers were selected from the 22nd of Bahman hospital of Qazvin city. Mothers with a low score in resilience with children aged between four and twelve years were assigned to experimental and control groups. In this study, a questionnaire was used to measure resilience. The data were analyzed by covariance analysis. \u0000 \u0000Results: The behavioral modification of mothers with the Barkley method significantly enhanced their resiliency with children of ADHD in the experimental group compared to the control group. \u0000 \u0000Conclusions: The behavioral modification was found to be effective for the resilience of mothers of children with ADHD. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD); Resilience; Behavioral Modification","PeriodicalId":8849,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Health Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72969711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Qajarbeygi, M. Ahmadi, A. Hoseini, Asghar Mohammad Poorasl, R. Mahmoudi, M. Ataee
Background: Nitrosamine is amongst carcinogen chemical compounds, which can enter the human body through consumption of food. Potatoes are a root vegetable consumed by many people around the world, however their potential for nitrosamine formation during cooking processes needs to be considered for public health matters. Objectives: In this study we evaluated the effect of conventional potato cooking method on N-nitrosamine compound formation. Materials and Methods: The amounts of four nitrosamines, namely N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP) and N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) were determined in four different potato-baking methods. Sixty potato samples were randomly collected from Hamadan city. Fried potato samples were roasted at 180°C and boiled potato samples were scalded at 120°C. Nitrosamine levels were measured using gas chromatography coupled with electronic ionization detector (GC-EID), and spectrophotometry was used for measuring nitrite. Results: Fried samples that were measured by the gas chromatography method had the highest average levels of nitrosamine compounds; NDMA, 5.09 ng kg-1, and NDEA, 8.66 ng kg-1. Low levels of nitrosamine compounds were associated with raw potatoes, in which no nitrosamine compound was detected. Based on the analysis of the potato samples by spectrophotometry, the highest levels of nitrite was found in raw potatoes with a mean of 2.43 mg kg-1 and the lowest levels of nitrite were detected in boiled potatoes with an average of 1.172 mg kg-1. Conclusions: Nitrosamine was formed with conventional potato baking methods with the most nitrosamine formation found on the surface fried samples. Nitrites amount in baked potatoes decreased. Generally, the amount of nitrosamine in baked potato samples was lower than acceptable limits. Keywords: Nitrosamines; Nitrites; Gas Chromatography
背景:亚硝胺是一种致癌化合物，可通过食用食物进入人体。土豆是世界上许多人食用的根类蔬菜，但出于公共卫生考虑，需要考虑土豆在烹饪过程中可能形成亚硝胺。目的:研究传统马铃薯蒸煮方法对n -亚硝胺化合物形成的影响。材料与方法:测定了4种不同马铃薯烘烤方法中n -亚硝基二甲胺(NDMA)、n -亚硝基二乙胺(NDEA)、n -亚硝基sopiperidine (NPIP)和n -亚硝基sopyrolidine (NPYR)的含量。从哈马丹市随机抽取60份马铃薯样本。油炸土豆样品在180°C下烤，煮土豆样品在120°C下烫。用气相色谱-电子电离检测器(GC-EID)测定亚硝胺含量，用分光光度法测定亚硝酸盐含量。结果:用气相色谱法测定的油炸样品中亚硝胺类化合物的平均含量最高;NDMA为5.09 ng kg-1, NDEA为8.66 ng kg-1。低水平的亚硝胺化合物与生土豆有关，其中没有检测到亚硝胺化合物。通过分光光度法对马铃薯样品进行分析，发现生马铃薯中亚硝酸盐含量最高，平均值为2.43 mg kg-1;煮熟马铃薯中亚硝酸盐含量最低，平均值为1.172 mg kg-1。结论:传统的马铃薯烤制方法可形成亚硝胺，且油炸样品表面形成亚硝胺最多。烤土豆中亚硝酸盐含量降低。一般来说，烤马铃薯样品中的亚硝胺含量低于可接受限度。关键词:亚硝胺;亚硝酸盐;气相色谱法
{"title":"Evaluation of N-Nitrosamine Formation in Routine Potato Cooking","authors":"P. Qajarbeygi, M. Ahmadi, A. Hoseini, Asghar Mohammad Poorasl, R. Mahmoudi, M. Ataee","doi":"10.17795/BHS-29887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/BHS-29887","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nitrosamine is amongst carcinogen chemical compounds, which can enter the human body through consumption of food. Potatoes are a root vegetable consumed by many people around the world, however their potential for nitrosamine formation during cooking processes needs to be considered for public health matters. \u0000Objectives: In this study we evaluated the effect of conventional potato cooking method on N-nitrosamine compound formation. \u0000Materials and Methods: The amounts of four nitrosamines, namely N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP) and N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) were determined in four different potato-baking methods. Sixty potato samples were randomly collected from Hamadan city. Fried potato samples were roasted at 180°C and boiled potato samples were scalded at 120°C. Nitrosamine levels were measured using gas chromatography coupled with electronic ionization detector (GC-EID), and spectrophotometry was used for measuring nitrite. \u0000Results: Fried samples that were measured by the gas chromatography method had the highest average levels of nitrosamine compounds; NDMA, 5.09 ng kg-1, and NDEA, 8.66 ng kg-1. Low levels of nitrosamine compounds were associated with raw potatoes, in which no nitrosamine compound was detected. Based on the analysis of the potato samples by spectrophotometry, the highest levels of nitrite was found in raw potatoes with a mean of 2.43 mg kg-1 and the lowest levels of nitrite were detected in boiled potatoes with an average of 1.172 mg kg-1. \u0000Conclusions: Nitrosamine was formed with conventional potato baking methods with the most nitrosamine formation found on the surface fried samples. Nitrites amount in baked potatoes decreased. Generally, the amount of nitrosamine in baked potato samples was lower than acceptable limits. \u0000Keywords: Nitrosamines; Nitrites; Gas Chromatography","PeriodicalId":8849,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Health Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90301351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The IMP3 is an oncofetal protein, which has been recently proposed as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in many cancers, including colorectal adenocarcinoma. The overexpression of IMP3 seems to have a correlation with patient’s prognosis. Objectives: In this study, the relationship between IMP3 expression in colorectal adenocarcinoma and clinicopathologic findings was assessed. Patients and Methods: In this study 112 colorectal tumor paraffin blocks of Rasoul-e-Akram hospital were stained for IMP3 and slides were assessed for intensity and extent of positivity. The statistical relationships between marker expression and clinicopathologic findings (degree of differentiation, tumor size, depth of invasion and lymph nodes metastasis) were assessed. Data were analyzed by the SPSS 21 software and logistic regression and chi-square test, with p-values of less than 0.05 indicating statistical significance. Results: Immunoreactivity pattern of IMP3 was cytoplasmic in different clinicopathologic findings. Among different clinicopathologic findings, we found a statistical relationship between tumor differentiation and IMP3 (P = 0.047); so that, the poorly differentiated tumors were positive for this marker. No relationship was found between tumor size, depth of invasion or lymph node involvement and IMP3. Conclusions: IMP3 immunoreactivity was associated with poor differentiation of tumor yet not associated with tumor size depth of invasion or lymph node involvement
{"title":"The Relationship Between IMP3 Expression in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma and Clinicopathologic Findings","authors":"F. Radfar, Farzad Achak, F. Rajaei","doi":"10.17795/BHS27414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/BHS27414","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The IMP3 is an oncofetal protein, which has been recently proposed as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in many cancers, including colorectal adenocarcinoma. The overexpression of IMP3 seems to have a correlation with patient’s prognosis. \u0000Objectives: In this study, the relationship between IMP3 expression in colorectal adenocarcinoma and clinicopathologic findings was assessed. \u0000Patients and Methods: In this study 112 colorectal tumor paraffin blocks of Rasoul-e-Akram hospital were stained for IMP3 and slides were assessed for intensity and extent of positivity. The statistical relationships between marker expression and clinicopathologic findings (degree of differentiation, tumor size, depth of invasion and lymph nodes metastasis) were assessed. Data were analyzed by the SPSS 21 software and logistic regression and chi-square test, with p-values of less than 0.05 indicating statistical significance. \u0000Results: Immunoreactivity pattern of IMP3 was cytoplasmic in different clinicopathologic findings. Among different clinicopathologic findings, we found a statistical relationship between tumor differentiation and IMP3 (P = 0.047); so that, the poorly differentiated tumors were positive for this marker. No relationship was found between tumor size, depth of invasion or lymph node involvement and IMP3. \u0000Conclusions: IMP3 immunoreactivity was associated with poor differentiation of tumor yet not associated with tumor size depth of invasion or lymph node involvement","PeriodicalId":8849,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Health Sciences","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82771186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Khalaj, M. Ebrahimi, Parisa Shojai, R. Bagherzadeh, T. Sadeghi, M. Ghalenoei
Background: Prolonged use of computers can lead to complications such as eye strain, eye and head aches, double and blurred vision, tired eyes, irritation, burning and itching eyes, eye redness, light sensitivity, dry eyes, muscle strains, and other problems. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate visual problems and major symptoms, and their associations among computer users, aged between 11 and 18 years old, residing in the Qazvin city of Iran, during year 2010. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on 642 secondary to pre university students who had referred to the eye clinic of Buali hospital of Qazvin during year 2013. A questionnaire consisting of demographic information and 26 questions on visual effects of the computer was used to gather information. Participants answered all questions and then underwent complete eye examinations and in some cases cycloplegic refraction. Visual acuity (VA) was measured with a logMAR in six meters. Refraction errors were determined using an auto refractometer (Potece and Heine retinoscope). The collected data was then analyzed using the SPSS statistical software. Results: The results of this study indicated that 63.86% of the subjects had refractive errors. Refractive errors were significantly different in children of different genders (P < 0.05). The most common complaints associated with the continuous use of computers were eyestrain, eye pain, eye redness, headache, and blurred vision. The most prevalent (81.8%) eye-related problem in computer users was eyestrain and the least prevalent was dry eyes (7.84%). In order to reduce computer related problems 54.2% of the participants suggested taking enough rest, 37.9% recommended use of computers only for necessary tasks, while 24.4% and 19.1% suggested the use of monitor shields and proper working distance, respectively. Conclusions: Our findings revealed that using computers for prolonged periods of time can lead to eye-related problems such as eyestrain, headaches, weak and tired eyes, blurred and double vision, weak vision, burning itching and watery eyes, etc. To correct and reduce these problems the following precautions may be helpful, using computer shields (anti-reflex glasses), proper computer workplace illumination, enough rest after working with computers, appropriate viewing distances during computer work, placing computers far from bright objects and adjusting a line of vision with the top of the monitor. Keywords: Computer; Eye; Students
{"title":"Computer Vision Syndrome in Eleven to Eighteen-Year-Old Students in Qazvin","authors":"M. Khalaj, M. Ebrahimi, Parisa Shojai, R. Bagherzadeh, T. Sadeghi, M. Ghalenoei","doi":"10.17795/BHS-28234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/BHS-28234","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Prolonged use of computers can lead to complications such as eye strain, eye and head aches, double and blurred vision, tired eyes, irritation, burning and itching eyes, eye redness, light sensitivity, dry eyes, muscle strains, and other problems. \u0000Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate visual problems and major symptoms, and their associations among computer users, aged between 11 and 18 years old, residing in the Qazvin city of Iran, during year 2010. \u0000Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on 642 secondary to pre university students who had referred to the eye clinic of Buali hospital of Qazvin during year 2013. A questionnaire consisting of demographic information and 26 questions on visual effects of the computer was used to gather information. Participants answered all questions and then underwent complete eye examinations and in some cases cycloplegic refraction. Visual acuity (VA) was measured with a logMAR in six meters. Refraction errors were determined using an auto refractometer (Potece and Heine retinoscope). The collected data was then analyzed using the SPSS statistical software. \u0000Results: The results of this study indicated that 63.86% of the subjects had refractive errors. Refractive errors were significantly different in children of different genders (P < 0.05). The most common complaints associated with the continuous use of computers were eyestrain, eye pain, eye redness, headache, and blurred vision. The most prevalent (81.8%) eye-related problem in computer users was eyestrain and the least prevalent was dry eyes (7.84%). In order to reduce computer related problems 54.2% of the participants suggested taking enough rest, 37.9% recommended use of computers only for necessary tasks, while 24.4% and 19.1% suggested the use of monitor shields and proper working distance, respectively. \u0000Conclusions: Our findings revealed that using computers for prolonged periods of time can lead to eye-related problems such as eyestrain, headaches, weak and tired eyes, blurred and double vision, weak vision, burning itching and watery eyes, etc. To correct and reduce these problems the following precautions may be helpful, using computer shields (anti-reflex glasses), proper computer workplace illumination, enough rest after working with computers, appropriate viewing distances during computer work, placing computers far from bright objects and adjusting a line of vision with the top of the monitor. \u0000Keywords: Computer; Eye; Students","PeriodicalId":8849,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Health Sciences","volume":"159 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86395674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to antibiotics is a big problem, especially in burns and wound infections. Laser irradiation affects microorganisms by denaturing their proteins, which involves changes in the chemical or physical properties of the protein. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of caffeic acid and low-power laser light co-exposure on Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from burn wounds. Materials and Methods: Ten bacterial samples were collected from patients with burn wound infections at Shahid Motahhari medical center of Tehran. The He-Ne laser was used in this study with output power of 2 mW. Results: The data significantly indicated that both the caffeic acid and laser treatment alone reduced the number of colony-forming units compared to control cultures. Co-exposure of bacterial suspensions to caffeic acid and laser at three time points showed the following number of colony-forming units 240.23 ± 60.15, 148.13 ± 52.66 and 84.57 ± 35, respectively. The best concentrations of caffeic acid to achieve countable colonies were 1.5 and 1.75 mM. At the concentration of 1.5 mM of caffeic acid, the number of colonies significantly reduced to 280.78 ± 59 (P = 0.008) while at 1.75 mM the number of colonies reduced to 234.07 ± 72.28 (P = 0.0001). Conclusions: Caffeic acid treatment reduced bacterial growth and resulted in a decreased number of colony formation. The simultaneous effect of caffeic acid and laser at three time courses showed a synergic effect in reducing colony formation compared to the control and caffeic acid, and laser alone.
{"title":"Effect of Caffeic Acid and Low-Power Laser Light Co-Exposure on Viability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa","authors":"N. Gheibi, N. Khosroshahi, Marzieh Habibi","doi":"10.17795/BHS-28198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/BHS-28198","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to antibiotics is a big problem, especially in burns and wound infections. Laser irradiation affects microorganisms by denaturing their proteins, which involves changes in the chemical or physical properties of the protein. \u0000Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of caffeic acid and low-power laser light co-exposure on Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from burn wounds. \u0000Materials and Methods: Ten bacterial samples were collected from patients with burn wound infections at Shahid Motahhari medical center of Tehran. The He-Ne laser was used in this study with output power of 2 mW. \u0000Results: The data significantly indicated that both the caffeic acid and laser treatment alone reduced the number of colony-forming units compared to control cultures. Co-exposure of bacterial suspensions to caffeic acid and laser at three time points showed the following number of colony-forming units 240.23 ± 60.15, 148.13 ± 52.66 and 84.57 ± 35, respectively. The best concentrations of caffeic acid to achieve countable colonies were 1.5 and 1.75 mM. At the concentration of 1.5 mM of caffeic acid, the number of colonies significantly reduced to 280.78 ± 59 (P = 0.008) while at 1.75 mM the number of colonies reduced to 234.07 ± 72.28 (P = 0.0001). \u0000Conclusions: Caffeic acid treatment reduced bacterial growth and resulted in a decreased number of colony formation. The simultaneous effect of caffeic acid and laser at three time courses showed a synergic effect in reducing colony formation compared to the control and caffeic acid, and laser alone.","PeriodicalId":8849,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Health Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85348596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Abedinzade, S. Nasri, M. Omidi, Bizhan Porramezan, Korosh Khanaki
Background: Menopause, a natural phenomenon, is defined by the fall of ovarian hormones mainly estrogens causing major problems such as insulin resistance. Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) is known to have some useful properties such as insulin sensitizing effect. Apelin is an adipokine, which has several roles such as regulation of insulin secretion. Objectives: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of fenugreek seed and 17-β estradiol on serum Apelin along with glucose, lipids and insulin in ovariectomized rats. Materials and Methods: Forty-nine adult female Wistar rats were randomly divided to seven groups: normal control, ovariectomized control, ovariectomized treated with ethanolic and hexanic extract of fenugreek seed (50 and 150 mg/kg/daily for each), and ovariectomized treated with 17-β estradiol (10 μg/kg/daily) for 42 days. Serum Apelin, glucose, lipids and insulin were measured. Results: Serum Apelin, glucose, lipids and insulin significantly increased in ovariectomized controls in comparison with normal controls (P < 0.05). Serum glucose, lipids and insulin in ovariectomized rats treated with fenugreek seed extract and 17-β estradiol were remarkably lower than ovariectomized controls (P < 0.05). Furthermore, 17-β estradiol caused a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in serum Apelin in ovariectomized rats. Conclusions: It appears that fenugreek seed might be effective against hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance in ovariectomized rats without impact on serum Apelin. Furthermore, 17-β estradiol could have similar effects along with possible inhibitory effects on serum Apelin. The complicated role of Apelin in menopause needs to be further explored. Keywords: Apelin-13; Trigonella Foenum-Graecum; 17 Beta-Estradiol; Ovariectomized; Insulin; Lipids
{"title":"The Effect of Fenugreek ( Trigonella foenum-graecum) Seed and 17-β Estradiol on Serum Apelin, Glucose, Lipids, and Insulin in Ovariectomized Rats","authors":"M. Abedinzade, S. Nasri, M. Omidi, Bizhan Porramezan, Korosh Khanaki","doi":"10.17795/BHS-30402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/BHS-30402","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Menopause, a natural phenomenon, is defined by the fall of ovarian hormones mainly estrogens causing major problems such as insulin resistance. Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) is known to have some useful properties such as insulin sensitizing effect. Apelin is an adipokine, which has several roles such as regulation of insulin secretion. \u0000Objectives: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of fenugreek seed and 17-β estradiol on serum Apelin along with glucose, lipids and insulin in ovariectomized rats. \u0000Materials and Methods: Forty-nine adult female Wistar rats were randomly divided to seven groups: normal control, ovariectomized control, ovariectomized treated with ethanolic and hexanic extract of fenugreek seed (50 and 150 mg/kg/daily for each), and ovariectomized treated with 17-β estradiol (10 μg/kg/daily) for 42 days. Serum Apelin, glucose, lipids and insulin were measured. \u0000Results: Serum Apelin, glucose, lipids and insulin significantly increased in ovariectomized controls in comparison with normal controls (P < 0.05). Serum glucose, lipids and insulin in ovariectomized rats treated with fenugreek seed extract and 17-β estradiol were remarkably lower than ovariectomized controls (P < 0.05). Furthermore, 17-β estradiol caused a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in serum Apelin in ovariectomized rats. \u0000Conclusions: It appears that fenugreek seed might be effective against hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance in ovariectomized rats without impact on serum Apelin. Furthermore, 17-β estradiol could have similar effects along with possible inhibitory effects on serum Apelin. The complicated role of Apelin in menopause needs to be further explored. \u0000Keywords: Apelin-13; Trigonella Foenum-Graecum; 17 Beta-Estradiol; Ovariectomized; Insulin; Lipids","PeriodicalId":8849,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Health Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87179984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Since the protection time by hepatitis B (HB) vaccination is unclear, the strategy of immunization of junior students who previously received hepatitis vaccine is controversial. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the status of immunity to hepatitis B in junior medical, nursing and obstetrics students with different hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination patterns. Patients and Methods: In an analytical cross-sectional study, 255 junior medical sciences students were tested for quantitative antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs). The proportion of protective immunity was compared in different vaccination patterns. Results: Vaccination coverage rates were 74.1%. About half the participants didn’t show serological evidence of protective immunity; 68.9% had their last shot more than 10 years ago and 30.4% had a vaccination history of five years or less (P < 0.001). Geometric mean level of anti-HBs titer among students, who had received a primary series vaccine at birth, was significantly lower than students who had started vaccination at an older age (P < 0.001). Also, analysis of variance for geometric mean of anti-HBs titer showed significant differences between groups based on injection time from the last shot (P < 0.001) (post hoc comparisons resulted in a P value of < 0.001 for birth versus < 5 year group, and P < 0.001 for the 5 to 10 year group). The lowest rate of non-protective level belonged to participants with complete three doses and a booster additional shot (27.1%). The final model for independent predictors of anti-HBs positive status was made by a binary logistic regression analysis. The model included presence of a booster dose, injection time from last shot, and discipline of study. Conclusions: This study shows lower anti-HBs among students who were vaccinated at infancy compared to those vaccinated at older childhood or adolescence. Also, subsequent measurement of anti-HBs level at the time of entrance to university is recommended for all previously immunized students. Keywords: Hepatitis B; Vaccination; Medical Student; Antibody; Protective Immunity
{"title":"Immunization Status Against Hepatitis B Among Iranian Junior Medical, Nursing, and Obstetrics Students With Different Vaccination Patterns","authors":"A. Allami, Navid Mohammadi, A. Najar","doi":"10.17795/BHS-27156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/BHS-27156","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Since the protection time by hepatitis B (HB) vaccination is unclear, the strategy of immunization of junior students who previously received hepatitis vaccine is controversial. \u0000Objectives: This study aimed to determine the status of immunity to hepatitis B in junior medical, nursing and obstetrics students with different hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination patterns. \u0000Patients and Methods: In an analytical cross-sectional study, 255 junior medical sciences students were tested for quantitative antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs). The proportion of protective immunity was compared in different vaccination patterns. \u0000Results: Vaccination coverage rates were 74.1%. About half the participants didn’t show serological evidence of protective immunity; 68.9% had their last shot more than 10 years ago and 30.4% had a vaccination history of five years or less (P < 0.001). Geometric mean level of anti-HBs titer among students, who had received a primary series vaccine at birth, was significantly lower than students who had started vaccination at an older age (P < 0.001). Also, analysis of variance for geometric mean of anti-HBs titer showed significant differences between groups based on injection time from the last shot (P < 0.001) (post hoc comparisons resulted in a P value of < 0.001 for birth versus < 5 year group, and P < 0.001 for the 5 to 10 year group). The lowest rate of non-protective level belonged to participants with complete three doses and a booster additional shot (27.1%). The final model for independent predictors of anti-HBs positive status was made by a binary logistic regression analysis. The model included presence of a booster dose, injection time from last shot, and discipline of study. \u0000Conclusions: This study shows lower anti-HBs among students who were vaccinated at infancy compared to those vaccinated at older childhood or adolescence. Also, subsequent measurement of anti-HBs level at the time of entrance to university is recommended for all previously immunized students. \u0000Keywords: Hepatitis B; Vaccination; Medical Student; Antibody; Protective Immunity","PeriodicalId":8849,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Health Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73168026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Management of abortion is an important issue in gynecology. Several millions of spontaneous abortions occur yearly and more than a million induced abortions are performed in the USA. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of misoprostol alone and misoprostol with letrozole in the induction of abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy in the Qazvin city of Iran. Patients and Methods: Seventy female candidates for legal abortion within the first trimester of pregnancy were divided to two groups: misoprostol alone and misoprostol with letrozole. The complete abortion, time to open the internal os of the cervix, time to complete the abortion, and drug-induced side effects of misoprostol and letrozole were recorded and analyzed. Results: The complete abortion rate was 69.7% in the misoprostol and letrozole group and 30.3% in the misoprostol group. Incomplete abortion was 32.4% in the misoprostol and letrozole group, and 67.6% in the misoprostol group (P = 0.004). Bleeding, cervix os opening time, and time to complete abortion from induction of drugs were similar in both groups (P > 0.05). There were no medical complications in both groups. Conclusions: Misoprostol plus letrozole was more effective for inducing abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy compared to misoprostol alone.
{"title":"Induction of Abortion in the First Trimester by Misoprostol or Misoprostol With Letrozole","authors":"E. H. S. Javadi, M. Mohammadi, A. Barikani","doi":"10.17795/BHS-29562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/BHS-29562","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Management of abortion is an important issue in gynecology. Several millions of spontaneous abortions occur yearly and more than a million induced abortions are performed in the USA. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of misoprostol alone and misoprostol with letrozole in the induction of abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy in the Qazvin city of Iran. Patients and Methods: Seventy female candidates for legal abortion within the first trimester of pregnancy were divided to two groups: misoprostol alone and misoprostol with letrozole. The complete abortion, time to open the internal os of the cervix, time to complete the abortion, and drug-induced side effects of misoprostol and letrozole were recorded and analyzed. Results: The complete abortion rate was 69.7% in the misoprostol and letrozole group and 30.3% in the misoprostol group. Incomplete abortion was 32.4% in the misoprostol and letrozole group, and 67.6% in the misoprostol group (P = 0.004). Bleeding, cervix os opening time, and time to complete abortion from induction of drugs were similar in both groups (P > 0.05). There were no medical complications in both groups. Conclusions: Misoprostol plus letrozole was more effective for inducing abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy compared to misoprostol alone.","PeriodicalId":8849,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Health Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73183590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Katiraee, R. Mahmoudi, Keyvan Tahapour, Gholamreza Hamidian, Seyed Jamal Emami
Background: Vitex agnus-castus is a deciduous shrub that is native to the Mediterranean region. It has traditionally been used in Iranian medicine. In the current study, Vitex agnus-castus Essential Oil (EO) leaves were analyzed for their chemical component as well as antioxidant and antifungal activity. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the biological properties (phytochemical component, and antioxidant and antifungal activity) of Vitex agnus-castus EO from an Iranian origin. Materials and Methods: Chemical composition of the EO was determined by using Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Antioxidant activity of the Vitex agnus-castus EO was examined by the 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, while the total phenolic content was also determined. Antifungal activity (against Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei, Candida dubliniensis, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium species and Alternaria species) was performed by a broth microdilution method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) protocols M27-A and M38-A for yeasts and filamentous species. Results: Thirty-two components were identified in Vitex agnus-castus EO. The main compound was alpha-Pinene (19.48%). The total phenolic content of EO was determined as 82.26 ± 5.94 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE)/g EO. The EO exhibited significant radical scavenging activity with IC50 value of 27.16 μg/mL. The obtained EO showed significant antifungal activity. Aspergillus niger was more susceptible than other fungi (MIC: 0.78 μL/mL). Conclusions: Potent antifungal activity, make this plant an effective replacement treatment for fungal infections or fungal strains that are resistance to synthetic antifungals. Keywords: Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; Essential oil; Phenolic Component; Vitex agnus-castus; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
{"title":"Biological Properties of Vitex agnus-castus Essential Oil (Phytochemical Component, Antioxidant and Antifungal Activity)","authors":"F. Katiraee, R. Mahmoudi, Keyvan Tahapour, Gholamreza Hamidian, Seyed Jamal Emami","doi":"10.17795/BHS-26797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17795/BHS-26797","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vitex agnus-castus is a deciduous shrub that is native to the Mediterranean region. It has traditionally been used in Iranian medicine. In the current study, Vitex agnus-castus Essential Oil (EO) leaves were analyzed for their chemical component as well as antioxidant and antifungal activity. \u0000Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the biological properties (phytochemical component, and antioxidant and antifungal activity) of Vitex agnus-castus EO from an Iranian origin. \u0000Materials and Methods: Chemical composition of the EO was determined by using Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Antioxidant activity of the Vitex agnus-castus EO was examined by the 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, while the total phenolic content was also determined. Antifungal activity (against Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei, Candida dubliniensis, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium species and Alternaria species) was performed by a broth microdilution method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) protocols M27-A and M38-A for yeasts and filamentous species. \u0000Results: Thirty-two components were identified in Vitex agnus-castus EO. The main compound was alpha-Pinene (19.48%). The total phenolic content of EO was determined as 82.26 ± 5.94 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE)/g EO. The EO exhibited significant radical scavenging activity with IC50 value of 27.16 μg/mL. The obtained EO showed significant antifungal activity. Aspergillus niger was more susceptible than other fungi (MIC: 0.78 μL/mL). \u0000Conclusions: Potent antifungal activity, make this plant an effective replacement treatment for fungal infections or fungal strains that are resistance to synthetic antifungals. \u0000Keywords: Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; Essential oil; Phenolic Component; Vitex agnus-castus; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry","PeriodicalId":8849,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Health Sciences","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83146389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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