Pub Date : 2024-07-31DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11080769
Helena Cardoso Sousa, Rui B Ruben, Júlio C Viana
Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is an important field of research, essential in order to heal bone defects or replace impaired tissues and organs. As one of the most used additive manufacturing processes, 3D printing can produce biostructures in the field of tissue engineering for bones, orthopaedic tissues, and organs. Scaffold manufacturing techniques and suitable materials with final structural, mechanical properties, and the biological response of the implanted biomaterials are an essential part of BTE. In fact, the scaffold is an essential component for tissue engineering where cells can attach, proliferate, and differentiate to develop functional tissue. Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is commonly employed in the 3D printing of tissue-engineering scaffolds. Scaffolds must have a good architecture, considering the porosity, permeability, degradation, and healing capabilities. In fact, the architecture of a scaffold is crucial, influencing not only the physical and mechanical properties but also the cellular behaviours of mesenchymal stem cells. Cells placed on/or within the scaffolds is a standard approach in tissue engineering. For bio-scaffolds, materials that are biocompatible and biodegradable, and can support cell growth are the ones chosen. These include polymers like polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), and certain bioglass or composite materials. This work comprehensively integrates aspects related to the optimisation of biocompatible and biodegradable composites with the low cost, simple, and stable FDM technology to successfully prepare the best designed composite porous bone-healing scaffolds. FDM can be used to produce low-cost bone scaffolds, with a suitable porosity and permeability.
{"title":"On the Fused Deposition Modelling of Personalised Bio-Scaffolds: Materials, Design, and Manufacturing Aspects.","authors":"Helena Cardoso Sousa, Rui B Ruben, Júlio C Viana","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering11080769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11080769","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is an important field of research, essential in order to heal bone defects or replace impaired tissues and organs. As one of the most used additive manufacturing processes, 3D printing can produce biostructures in the field of tissue engineering for bones, orthopaedic tissues, and organs. Scaffold manufacturing techniques and suitable materials with final structural, mechanical properties, and the biological response of the implanted biomaterials are an essential part of BTE. In fact, the scaffold is an essential component for tissue engineering where cells can attach, proliferate, and differentiate to develop functional tissue. Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is commonly employed in the 3D printing of tissue-engineering scaffolds. Scaffolds must have a good architecture, considering the porosity, permeability, degradation, and healing capabilities. In fact, the architecture of a scaffold is crucial, influencing not only the physical and mechanical properties but also the cellular behaviours of mesenchymal stem cells. Cells placed on/or within the scaffolds is a standard approach in tissue engineering. For bio-scaffolds, materials that are biocompatible and biodegradable, and can support cell growth are the ones chosen. These include polymers like polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), and certain bioglass or composite materials. This work comprehensively integrates aspects related to the optimisation of biocompatible and biodegradable composites with the low cost, simple, and stable FDM technology to successfully prepare the best designed composite porous bone-healing scaffolds. FDM can be used to produce low-cost bone scaffolds, with a suitable porosity and permeability.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11352192/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142091744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-31DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11080775
Paul Werner, Martin Winter, Stephané Mahr, Marie-Elisabeth Stelzmueller, Daniel Zimpfer, Marek Ehrlich
Surgery of the aortic arch remains a complex procedure, with neurological events such as stroke remaining its most dreaded complications. Changes in surgical technique and the continuous innovation in neuroprotective strategies have led to a significant decrease in cerebral and spinal events. Different modes of cerebral perfusion, varying grades of hypothermia, and a number of pharmacological strategies all aim to reduce hypoxic and ischemic cerebral injury, yet there is no evidence indicating the clear superiority of one method over another. While surgical results continue to improve, novel hybrid and interventional techniques are just entering the stage and the question of optimal neuroprotection remains up to date. Within this perspective statement, we want to shed light on the current evidence and controversies of cerebral protection in aortic arch surgery, as well as what is on the horizon in this fast-evolving field. We further present our institutional approach as a large tertiary aortic reference center.
{"title":"Cerebral Protection Strategies in Aortic Arch Surgery-Past Developments, Current Evidence, and Future Innovation.","authors":"Paul Werner, Martin Winter, Stephané Mahr, Marie-Elisabeth Stelzmueller, Daniel Zimpfer, Marek Ehrlich","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering11080775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11080775","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Surgery of the aortic arch remains a complex procedure, with neurological events such as stroke remaining its most dreaded complications. Changes in surgical technique and the continuous innovation in neuroprotective strategies have led to a significant decrease in cerebral and spinal events. Different modes of cerebral perfusion, varying grades of hypothermia, and a number of pharmacological strategies all aim to reduce hypoxic and ischemic cerebral injury, yet there is no evidence indicating the clear superiority of one method over another. While surgical results continue to improve, novel hybrid and interventional techniques are just entering the stage and the question of optimal neuroprotection remains up to date. Within this perspective statement, we want to shed light on the current evidence and controversies of cerebral protection in aortic arch surgery, as well as what is on the horizon in this fast-evolving field. We further present our institutional approach as a large tertiary aortic reference center.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11351742/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142091807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-31DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11080770
Pei-Yuan Zhou, Faith Lum, Tony Jiecao Wang, Anubhav Bhatti, Surajsinh Parmar, Chen Dan, Andrew K C Wong
Medical datasets may be imbalanced and contain errors due to subjective test results and clinical variability. The poor quality of original data affects classification accuracy and reliability. Hence, detecting abnormal samples in the dataset can help clinicians make better decisions. In this study, we propose an unsupervised error detection method using patterns discovered by the Pattern Discovery and Disentanglement (PDD) model, developed in our earlier work. Applied to the large data, the eICU Collaborative Research Database for sepsis risk assessment, the proposed algorithm can effectively discover statistically significant association patterns, generate an interpretable knowledge base for interpretability, cluster samples in an unsupervised learning manner, and detect abnormal samples from the dataset. As shown in the experimental result, our method outperformed K-Means by 38% on the full dataset and 47% on the reduced dataset for unsupervised clustering. Multiple supervised classifiers improve accuracy by an average of 4% after removing abnormal samples by the proposed error detection approach. Therefore, the proposed algorithm provides a robust and practical solution for unsupervised clustering and error detection in healthcare data.
{"title":"An Unsupervised Error Detection Methodology for Detecting Mislabels in Healthcare Analytics.","authors":"Pei-Yuan Zhou, Faith Lum, Tony Jiecao Wang, Anubhav Bhatti, Surajsinh Parmar, Chen Dan, Andrew K C Wong","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering11080770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11080770","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Medical datasets may be imbalanced and contain errors due to subjective test results and clinical variability. The poor quality of original data affects classification accuracy and reliability. Hence, detecting abnormal samples in the dataset can help clinicians make better decisions. In this study, we propose an unsupervised error detection method using patterns discovered by the Pattern Discovery and Disentanglement (PDD) model, developed in our earlier work. Applied to the large data, the eICU Collaborative Research Database for sepsis risk assessment, the proposed algorithm can effectively discover statistically significant association patterns, generate an interpretable knowledge base for interpretability, cluster samples in an unsupervised learning manner, and detect abnormal samples from the dataset. As shown in the experimental result, our method outperformed K-Means by 38% on the full dataset and 47% on the reduced dataset for unsupervised clustering. Multiple supervised classifiers improve accuracy by an average of 4% after removing abnormal samples by the proposed error detection approach. Therefore, the proposed algorithm provides a robust and practical solution for unsupervised clustering and error detection in healthcare data.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11351123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142094389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-31DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11080777
Nicholas A Mirsky, Quinn T Ehlen, Jason A Greenfield, Michael Antonietti, Blaire V Slavin, Vasudev Vivekanand Nayak, Daniel Pelaez, David T Tse, Lukasz Witek, Sylvia Daunert, Paulo G Coelho
Since three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has emerged, it has continuously to evolved as a revolutionary technology in surgery, offering new paradigms for reconstructive and regenerative medical applications. This review highlights the integration of 3D printing, specifically bioprinting, across several surgical disciplines over the last five years. The methods employed encompass a review of recent literature focusing on innovations and applications of 3D-bioprinted tissues and/or organs. The findings reveal significant advances in the creation of complex, customized, multi-tissue constructs that mimic natural tissue characteristics, which are crucial for surgical interventions and patient-specific treatments. Despite the technological advances, the paper introduces and discusses several challenges that remain, such as the vascularization of bioprinted tissues, integration with the host tissue, and the long-term viability of bioprinted organs. The review concludes that while 3D bioprinting holds substantial promise for transforming surgical practices and enhancing patient outcomes, ongoing research, development, and a clear regulatory framework are essential to fully realize potential future clinical applications.
{"title":"Three-Dimensional Bioprinting: A Comprehensive Review for Applications in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine.","authors":"Nicholas A Mirsky, Quinn T Ehlen, Jason A Greenfield, Michael Antonietti, Blaire V Slavin, Vasudev Vivekanand Nayak, Daniel Pelaez, David T Tse, Lukasz Witek, Sylvia Daunert, Paulo G Coelho","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering11080777","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bioengineering11080777","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has emerged, it has continuously to evolved as a revolutionary technology in surgery, offering new paradigms for reconstructive and regenerative medical applications. This review highlights the integration of 3D printing, specifically bioprinting, across several surgical disciplines over the last five years. The methods employed encompass a review of recent literature focusing on innovations and applications of 3D-bioprinted tissues and/or organs. The findings reveal significant advances in the creation of complex, customized, multi-tissue constructs that mimic natural tissue characteristics, which are crucial for surgical interventions and patient-specific treatments. Despite the technological advances, the paper introduces and discusses several challenges that remain, such as the vascularization of bioprinted tissues, integration with the host tissue, and the long-term viability of bioprinted organs. The review concludes that while 3D bioprinting holds substantial promise for transforming surgical practices and enhancing patient outcomes, ongoing research, development, and a clear regulatory framework are essential to fully realize potential future clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11351251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142091836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we aimed to develop a novel method for non-invasively determining intracellular protein levels, which is essential for understanding cellular phenomena. This understanding hinges on insights into gene expression, cell morphology, dynamics, and intercellular interactions. Traditional cell analysis techniques, such as immunostaining, live imaging, next-generation sequencing, and single-cell analysis, despite rapid advancements, face challenges in comprehensively integrating gene and protein expression data with spatiotemporal information. Leveraging advances in machine learning for image analysis, we designed a new model to estimate cellular biomarker protein levels using a blend of phase-contrast and fluorescent immunostaining images of epidermal keratinocytes. By iterating this process across various proteins, our model can estimate multiple protein levels from a single phase-contrast image. Additionally, we developed a system for analyzing multiple protein expression levels alongside spatiotemporal data through live imaging and phase-contrast methods. Our study offers valuable tools for cell-based research and presents a new avenue for addressing molecular biological challenges.
{"title":"Machine Learning-Enhanced Estimation of Cellular Protein Levels from Bright-Field Images.","authors":"Takeshi Tohgasaki, Arisa Touyama, Shohei Kousai, Kaita Imai","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering11080774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11080774","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we aimed to develop a novel method for non-invasively determining intracellular protein levels, which is essential for understanding cellular phenomena. This understanding hinges on insights into gene expression, cell morphology, dynamics, and intercellular interactions. Traditional cell analysis techniques, such as immunostaining, live imaging, next-generation sequencing, and single-cell analysis, despite rapid advancements, face challenges in comprehensively integrating gene and protein expression data with spatiotemporal information. Leveraging advances in machine learning for image analysis, we designed a new model to estimate cellular biomarker protein levels using a blend of phase-contrast and fluorescent immunostaining images of epidermal keratinocytes. By iterating this process across various proteins, our model can estimate multiple protein levels from a single phase-contrast image. Additionally, we developed a system for analyzing multiple protein expression levels alongside spatiotemporal data through live imaging and phase-contrast methods. Our study offers valuable tools for cell-based research and presents a new avenue for addressing molecular biological challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11351856/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142091738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-31DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11080772
Zhiqiang Tai, Jiashang Liu, Bixue Wang, Shu Chen, Changsheng Liu, Xi Chen
The impact of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) can be extremely devastating, as it often results in the disruption of neural tissues, impeding the regenerative capacity of the central nervous system. However, recent research has demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess the capacity for multi-differentiation and have a proven track record of safety in clinical applications, thus rendering them effective in facilitating the repair of spinal cord injuries. It is urgent to develop an aligned scaffold that can effectively load MSCs for promoting cell aligned proliferation and differentiation. In this study, we prepared an aligned nanofiber scaffold using the porcine decellularized spinal cord matrix (DSC) to induce MSCs differentiation for spinal cord injury. The decellularization method removed 87% of the immune components while retaining crucial proteins in DSC. The electrospinning technique was employed to fabricate an aligned nanofiber scaffold possessing biocompatibility and a diameter of 720 nm. In in vitro and in vivo experiments, the aligned nanofiber scaffold induces the aligned growth of MSCs and promotes their differentiation into neurons, leading to tissue regeneration and nerve repair after spinal cord injury. The approach exhibits promising potential for the future development of nerve regeneration scaffolds for spinal cord injury treatment.
{"title":"The Effect of Aligned and Random Electrospun Fibers Derived from Porcine Decellularized ECM on Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Treatments for Spinal Cord Injury.","authors":"Zhiqiang Tai, Jiashang Liu, Bixue Wang, Shu Chen, Changsheng Liu, Xi Chen","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering11080772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11080772","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The impact of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) can be extremely devastating, as it often results in the disruption of neural tissues, impeding the regenerative capacity of the central nervous system. However, recent research has demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess the capacity for multi-differentiation and have a proven track record of safety in clinical applications, thus rendering them effective in facilitating the repair of spinal cord injuries. It is urgent to develop an aligned scaffold that can effectively load MSCs for promoting cell aligned proliferation and differentiation. In this study, we prepared an aligned nanofiber scaffold using the porcine decellularized spinal cord matrix (DSC) to induce MSCs differentiation for spinal cord injury. The decellularization method removed 87% of the immune components while retaining crucial proteins in DSC. The electrospinning technique was employed to fabricate an aligned nanofiber scaffold possessing biocompatibility and a diameter of 720 nm. In in vitro and in vivo experiments, the aligned nanofiber scaffold induces the aligned growth of MSCs and promotes their differentiation into neurons, leading to tissue regeneration and nerve repair after spinal cord injury. The approach exhibits promising potential for the future development of nerve regeneration scaffolds for spinal cord injury treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11351159/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142091781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-31DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11080773
Xiaoyu Liang, Ruonan Wang, Huanqi Wu, Yuyu Ma, Changzeng Liu, Yang Gao, Dexin Yu, Xiaolin Ning
Time-frequency parameterization for oscillations in specific frequency bands reflects the dynamic changes in the brain. It is related to cognitive behavior and diseases and has received significant attention in neuroscience. However, many studies do not consider the impact of the aperiodic noise and neural activity, including their time-varying fluctuations. Some studies are limited by the low resolution of the time-frequency spectrum and parameter-solved operation. Therefore, this paper proposes super-resolution time-frequency periodic parameterization of (transient) oscillation (STPPTO). STPPTO obtains a super-resolution time-frequency spectrum with Superlet transform. Then, the time-frequency representation of oscillations is obtained by removing the aperiodic component fitted in a time-resolved way. Finally, the definition of transient events is used to parameterize oscillations. The performance of this method is validated on simulated data and its reliability is demonstrated on magnetoencephalography. We show how it can be used to explore and analyze oscillatory activity under rhythmic stimulation.
{"title":"A Novel Time-Frequency Parameterization Method for Oscillations in Specific Frequency Bands and Its Application on OPM-MEG.","authors":"Xiaoyu Liang, Ruonan Wang, Huanqi Wu, Yuyu Ma, Changzeng Liu, Yang Gao, Dexin Yu, Xiaolin Ning","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering11080773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11080773","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Time-frequency parameterization for oscillations in specific frequency bands reflects the dynamic changes in the brain. It is related to cognitive behavior and diseases and has received significant attention in neuroscience. However, many studies do not consider the impact of the aperiodic noise and neural activity, including their time-varying fluctuations. Some studies are limited by the low resolution of the time-frequency spectrum and parameter-solved operation. Therefore, this paper proposes super-resolution time-frequency periodic parameterization of (transient) oscillation (STPPTO). STPPTO obtains a super-resolution time-frequency spectrum with Superlet transform. Then, the time-frequency representation of oscillations is obtained by removing the aperiodic component fitted in a time-resolved way. Finally, the definition of transient events is used to parameterize oscillations. The performance of this method is validated on simulated data and its reliability is demonstrated on magnetoencephalography. We show how it can be used to explore and analyze oscillatory activity under rhythmic stimulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11351447/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142091788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-31DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11080776
Jordan R Crabtree, Chilando M Mulenga, Khoa Tran, Konstantin Feinberg, J Paul Santerre, Gregory H Borschel
The regenerative capacity of the peripheral nervous system is limited, and peripheral nerve injuries often result in incomplete healing and poor outcomes even after repair. Transection injuries that induce a nerve gap necessitate microsurgical intervention; however, even the current gold standard of repair, autologous nerve graft, frequently results in poor functional recovery. Several interventions have been developed to augment the surgical repair of peripheral nerves, and the application of functional biomaterials, local delivery of bioactive substances, electrical stimulation, and allografts are among the most promising approaches to enhance innate healing across a nerve gap. Biocompatible polymers with optimized degradation rates, topographic features, and other functions provided by their composition have been incorporated into novel nerve conduits (NCs). Many of these allow for the delivery of drugs, neurotrophic factors, and whole cells locally to nerve repair sites, mitigating adverse effects that limit their systemic use. The electrical stimulation of repaired nerves in the perioperative period has shown benefits to healing and recovery in human trials, and novel biomaterials to enhance these effects show promise in preclinical models. The use of acellular nerve allografts (ANAs) circumvents the morbidity of donor nerve harvest necessitated by the use of autografts, and improvements in tissue-processing techniques may allow for more readily available and cost-effective options. Each of these interventions aid in neural regeneration after repair when applied independently, and their differing forms, benefits, and methods of application present ample opportunity for synergistic effects when applied in combination.
{"title":"Biohacking Nerve Repair: Novel Biomaterials, Local Drug Delivery, Electrical Stimulation, and Allografts to Aid Surgical Repair.","authors":"Jordan R Crabtree, Chilando M Mulenga, Khoa Tran, Konstantin Feinberg, J Paul Santerre, Gregory H Borschel","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering11080776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11080776","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The regenerative capacity of the peripheral nervous system is limited, and peripheral nerve injuries often result in incomplete healing and poor outcomes even after repair. Transection injuries that induce a nerve gap necessitate microsurgical intervention; however, even the current gold standard of repair, autologous nerve graft, frequently results in poor functional recovery. Several interventions have been developed to augment the surgical repair of peripheral nerves, and the application of functional biomaterials, local delivery of bioactive substances, electrical stimulation, and allografts are among the most promising approaches to enhance innate healing across a nerve gap. Biocompatible polymers with optimized degradation rates, topographic features, and other functions provided by their composition have been incorporated into novel nerve conduits (NCs). Many of these allow for the delivery of drugs, neurotrophic factors, and whole cells locally to nerve repair sites, mitigating adverse effects that limit their systemic use. The electrical stimulation of repaired nerves in the perioperative period has shown benefits to healing and recovery in human trials, and novel biomaterials to enhance these effects show promise in preclinical models. The use of acellular nerve allografts (ANAs) circumvents the morbidity of donor nerve harvest necessitated by the use of autografts, and improvements in tissue-processing techniques may allow for more readily available and cost-effective options. Each of these interventions aid in neural regeneration after repair when applied independently, and their differing forms, benefits, and methods of application present ample opportunity for synergistic effects when applied in combination.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11352148/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142091801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-31DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11080778
Monica Macrì, Vincenzo D'Albis, Giuseppe D'Albis, Marta Forte, Saverio Capodiferro, Gianfranco Favia, Abdulrahman Omar Alrashadah, Victor Diaz-Flores García, Felice Festa
Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing dentistry, offering new opportunities to improve the precision and efficiency of implantology. This literature review aims to evaluate the current evidence on the use of AI in implant planning assessment. The analysis was conducted through PubMed and Scopus search engines, using a combination of relevant keywords, including "artificial intelligence implantology", "AI implant planning", "AI dental implant", and "implantology artificial intelligence". Selected articles were carefully reviewed to identify studies reporting data on the effectiveness of AI in implant planning. The results of the literature review indicate a growing interest in the application of AI in implant planning, with evidence suggesting an improvement in precision and predictability compared to traditional methods. The summary of the obtained findings by the included studies represents the latest AI developments in implant planning, demonstrating its application for the automated detection of bones, the maxillary sinus, neuronal structure, and teeth. However, some disadvantages were also identified, including the need for high-quality training data and the lack of standardization in protocols. In conclusion, the use of AI in implant planning presents promising prospects for improving clinical outcomes and optimizing patient management. However, further research is needed to fully understand its potential and address the challenges associated with its implementation in clinical practice.
{"title":"The Role and Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Dental Implant Planning: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Monica Macrì, Vincenzo D'Albis, Giuseppe D'Albis, Marta Forte, Saverio Capodiferro, Gianfranco Favia, Abdulrahman Omar Alrashadah, Victor Diaz-Flores García, Felice Festa","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering11080778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11080778","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing dentistry, offering new opportunities to improve the precision and efficiency of implantology. This literature review aims to evaluate the current evidence on the use of AI in implant planning assessment. The analysis was conducted through PubMed and Scopus search engines, using a combination of relevant keywords, including \"artificial intelligence implantology\", \"AI implant planning\", \"AI dental implant\", and \"implantology artificial intelligence\". Selected articles were carefully reviewed to identify studies reporting data on the effectiveness of AI in implant planning. The results of the literature review indicate a growing interest in the application of AI in implant planning, with evidence suggesting an improvement in precision and predictability compared to traditional methods. The summary of the obtained findings by the included studies represents the latest AI developments in implant planning, demonstrating its application for the automated detection of bones, the maxillary sinus, neuronal structure, and teeth. However, some disadvantages were also identified, including the need for high-quality training data and the lack of standardization in protocols. In conclusion, the use of AI in implant planning presents promising prospects for improving clinical outcomes and optimizing patient management. However, further research is needed to fully understand its potential and address the challenges associated with its implementation in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11351972/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142091835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-31DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11080771
Jaemin Ko, Mark M Urata, Jeffrey A Hammoudeh, Dennis-Duke Yamashita, Stephen L-K Yen
This case report presents a virtual treatment simulation of the orthodontic treatment and surgery-first orthognathic surgery employed to treat a patient with a repaired unilateral cleft lip and alveolus with Class III malocclusion and lower third facial asymmetry. The patient exhibited a negative overjet of 9 mm, a missing lower right second premolar, and a 5 mm gap between the upper right central and lateral incisors with midline discrepancy. The three-dimensional virtual planning began with virtual pre-surgical orthodontics, followed by the positioning of the facial bones and teeth in their ideal aesthetic and functional positions. The sequence of steps needed to achieve this outcome was then reverse-engineered and recorded using multiplatform Nemostudio software (Nemotec, Madrid, Spain), which facilitated both surgical and orthodontic planning. The treatment included a two-piece segmental maxillary osteotomy for dental space closure, a LeFort I maxillary advancement, and a mandibular setback with bilateral sagittal split osteotomy to correct the skeletal underbite and asymmetry. A novel approach was employed by pre-treating the patient for orthognathic surgeries at age 11, seven years prior to the surgery. This early phase of orthodontic treatment aligned the patient's teeth and established the dental arch form. The positions of the teeth were maintained with retainers, eliminating the need for pre-surgical orthodontics later. This early phase of treatment significantly reduced the treatment time. The use of software to predict all the necessary steps for surgery and post-surgical orthodontic tooth movements made this approach possible. Multi-step virtual planning can be a powerful tool for analyzing complex craniofacial problems that require multidisciplinary care, such as cleft lip and/or palate.
本病例报告通过虚拟治疗模拟,介绍了采用正畸治疗和手术先行正颌外科手术治疗一名单侧唇裂和齿槽裂修复并伴有 III 级错颌畸形和下第三面部不对称的患者的情况。患者有 9 毫米的负过咬合,右下第二前磨牙缺失,右上中切牙和侧切牙之间有 5 毫米的间隙,中线不一致。三维虚拟规划从虚拟术前正畸开始,然后将面部骨骼和牙齿定位到理想的美学和功能位置。然后使用多平台 Nemostudio 软件(Nemotec,西班牙马德里)对实现这一结果所需的步骤序列进行逆向设计和记录,这为手术和正畸规划提供了便利。治疗包括用于牙间隙闭合的两件式分段上颌骨截骨术、LeFort I 上颌骨前移术和下颌骨后移加双侧矢状劈开截骨术,以矫正骨骼咬合不足和不对称。我们采用了一种新颖的方法,在手术前七年,即患者 11 岁时对其进行正颌手术的前期治疗。早期的正畸治疗将患者的牙齿排列整齐,并建立了牙弓形态。牙齿的位置通过保持器得以保持,因此无需再进行手术前的正畸治疗。这一早期治疗阶段大大缩短了治疗时间。使用软件预测手术和手术后牙齿矫正移动的所有必要步骤使这种方法成为可能。多步骤虚拟规划是分析唇裂和/或腭裂等需要多学科治疗的复杂颅面问题的有力工具。
{"title":"Reverse Engineering Orthognathic Surgery and Orthodontics in Individuals with Cleft Lip and/or Palate: A Case Report.","authors":"Jaemin Ko, Mark M Urata, Jeffrey A Hammoudeh, Dennis-Duke Yamashita, Stephen L-K Yen","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering11080771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11080771","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This case report presents a virtual treatment simulation of the orthodontic treatment and surgery-first orthognathic surgery employed to treat a patient with a repaired unilateral cleft lip and alveolus with Class III malocclusion and lower third facial asymmetry. The patient exhibited a negative overjet of 9 mm, a missing lower right second premolar, and a 5 mm gap between the upper right central and lateral incisors with midline discrepancy. The three-dimensional virtual planning began with virtual pre-surgical orthodontics, followed by the positioning of the facial bones and teeth in their ideal aesthetic and functional positions. The sequence of steps needed to achieve this outcome was then reverse-engineered and recorded using multiplatform Nemostudio software (Nemotec, Madrid, Spain), which facilitated both surgical and orthodontic planning. The treatment included a two-piece segmental maxillary osteotomy for dental space closure, a LeFort I maxillary advancement, and a mandibular setback with bilateral sagittal split osteotomy to correct the skeletal underbite and asymmetry. A novel approach was employed by pre-treating the patient for orthognathic surgeries at age 11, seven years prior to the surgery. This early phase of orthodontic treatment aligned the patient's teeth and established the dental arch form. The positions of the teeth were maintained with retainers, eliminating the need for pre-surgical orthodontics later. This early phase of treatment significantly reduced the treatment time. The use of software to predict all the necessary steps for surgery and post-surgical orthodontic tooth movements made this approach possible. Multi-step virtual planning can be a powerful tool for analyzing complex craniofacial problems that require multidisciplinary care, such as cleft lip and/or palate.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11352120/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142091762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}