Background: This study aimed to evaluate the biological behavior of a novel implant design incorporating decompressive cervical blades. Hence, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the healing outcomes in cortical regions where decompressive protocols were implemented using implants equipped with blades and installed applying a bicortical anchorage.
Materials and methods: Blades with varying diameters were integrated into the coronal portion of the implant to prepare the cortical region of rabbit tibiae. The blade diameters differed from the implant collar by the following amounts: control group (0 µm), +50 µm, and +200 µm.
Results: No marginal bone loss was detected. Instead, all implants exhibited new bone formation in the coronal region. Complete closure was observed in the CG-0 group, as well as in the TG-50 and TG-200 groups, despite the presence of marginal gaps without primary bone contact at installation. In the apical region, most implants breached the cortical layer. Nevertheless, new bone formation in this region completely closed the osteotomy, effectively isolating the internal environment of the tibia from the external.
Conclusions: The use of a blade incorporated into the implant body enabled precise preparation of the cortical layer, allowing for controlled decompression in the targeted area. This technique resulted in optimal osseointegration with no loss of marginal bone, and complete restoration of marginal gaps ranging from 0 µm to 200 µm.
{"title":"Controlled Lateral Pressure on Cortical Bone Using Blade-Equipped Implants: An Experimental Study in Rabbits.","authors":"Vitor Ferreira Balan, Mauro Ferri, Eduardo Pires Godoy, Leticia Gabriela Artioli, Daniele Botticelli, Erick Ricardo Silva, Samuel Porfirio Xavier","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering11080835","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bioengineering11080835","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the biological behavior of a novel implant design incorporating decompressive cervical blades. Hence, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the healing outcomes in cortical regions where decompressive protocols were implemented using implants equipped with blades and installed applying a bicortical anchorage.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Blades with varying diameters were integrated into the coronal portion of the implant to prepare the cortical region of rabbit tibiae. The blade diameters differed from the implant collar by the following amounts: control group (0 µm), +50 µm, and +200 µm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No marginal bone loss was detected. Instead, all implants exhibited new bone formation in the coronal region. Complete closure was observed in the CG-0 group, as well as in the TG-50 and TG-200 groups, despite the presence of marginal gaps without primary bone contact at installation. In the apical region, most implants breached the cortical layer. Nevertheless, new bone formation in this region completely closed the osteotomy, effectively isolating the internal environment of the tibia from the external.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The use of a blade incorporated into the implant body enabled precise preparation of the cortical layer, allowing for controlled decompression in the targeted area. This technique resulted in optimal osseointegration with no loss of marginal bone, and complete restoration of marginal gaps ranging from 0 µm to 200 µm.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11352121/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142091812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-16DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11080838
Oliver S Grosser, Martin Volk, Marilena Georgiades, Daniel Punzet, Bahaa Alsawalhi, Dennis Kupitz, Jazan Omari, Heiko Wissel, Michael C Kreissl, Georg Rose, Maciej Pech
Dose optimization in computed tomography (CT) is crucial, especially in CT fluoroscopy (fluoro-CT) used for real-time navigation, affecting both patient and operator safety. This study evaluated the impact of spectral X-ray filtering using a tin filter (Sn filter), and a method called partial-angle computed tomography (PACT), which involves segmentally switching off the X-ray tube current at the ambient dose rate H˙*(10) at the interventional radiologist's (IR) position. Measurements were taken at two body regions (upper body: head/neck; lower body: lower legs/feet) using a 120 kV X-ray tube voltage, 3 × 5.0 mm CT collimation, 0.5 s rotation speed, and X-ray tube currents of 43 Eff.mAs (without Sn filter) and 165 Eff.mAs (with Sn filter). The study found significant dose reductions in both body regions when using the Sn filter and PACT together. For instance, in the upper body region, the combination protocol reduced H˙*(10) from 11.8 µSv/s to 6.1 µSv/s (p < 0.0001) compared to the protocol without using these features. Around 8% of the reduction (about 0.5 µSv/s) is attributed to the Sn filter (p = 0.0005). This approach demonstrates that using the Sn filter along with PACT effectively minimizes radiation exposure for the IR, particularly protecting areas like the head/neck, which can only be insufficiently covered by (standard) radiation protection material.
计算机断层扫描(CT)中的剂量优化至关重要,尤其是在用于实时导航的 CT 透视(Fluoro-CT)中,这对患者和操作员的安全都有影响。这项研究评估了使用锡滤波器(Sn 滤波器)进行光谱 X 射线滤波的影响,以及一种称为部分角度计算机断层扫描(PACT)的方法,该方法涉及在介入放射医师(IR)位置的环境剂量率 H˙*(10)下分段关闭 X 射线管电流。在两个身体区域(上半身:头部/颈部;下半身:小腿/脚部)进行测量,使用的 X 射线管电压为 120 kV,CT 准直度为 3 × 5.0 mm,旋转速度为 0.5 s,X 射线管电流为 43 Eff.mAs(无 Sn 过滤器)和 165 Eff.mAs(有 Sn 过滤器)。研究发现,同时使用锡滤波器和 PACT 时,两个身体区域的剂量都有明显降低。例如,在上半身区域,与不使用这些功能的方案相比,组合方案将 H˙*(10)从 11.8 µSv/s 降低到 6.1 µSv/s (p < 0.0001)。约 8%的降低(约 0.5 µSv/s)归因于 Sn 过滤器(p = 0.0005)。这种方法表明,使用锡滤波器和 PACT 可以有效地将红外辐射量降至最低,特别是可以保护头部/颈部等部位,而(标准)辐射防护材料只能充分覆盖这些部位。
{"title":"Effect of Spectral Filtering and Segmental X-ray Tube Current Switch-Off on Interventionalist's Scatter Exposure during CT Fluoroscopy.","authors":"Oliver S Grosser, Martin Volk, Marilena Georgiades, Daniel Punzet, Bahaa Alsawalhi, Dennis Kupitz, Jazan Omari, Heiko Wissel, Michael C Kreissl, Georg Rose, Maciej Pech","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering11080838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11080838","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dose optimization in computed tomography (CT) is crucial, especially in CT fluoroscopy (fluoro-CT) used for real-time navigation, affecting both patient and operator safety. This study evaluated the impact of spectral X-ray filtering using a tin filter (Sn filter), and a method called partial-angle computed tomography (PACT), which involves segmentally switching off the X-ray tube current at the ambient dose rate H˙*(10) at the interventional radiologist's (IR) position. Measurements were taken at two body regions (upper body: head/neck; lower body: lower legs/feet) using a 120 kV X-ray tube voltage, 3 × 5.0 mm CT collimation, 0.5 s rotation speed, and X-ray tube currents of 43 Eff.mAs (without Sn filter) and 165 Eff.mAs (with Sn filter). The study found significant dose reductions in both body regions when using the Sn filter and PACT together. For instance, in the upper body region, the combination protocol reduced H˙*(10) from 11.8 µSv/s to 6.1 µSv/s (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) compared to the protocol without using these features. Around 8% of the reduction (about 0.5 µSv/s) is attributed to the Sn filter (<i>p</i> = 0.0005). This approach demonstrates that using the Sn filter along with PACT effectively minimizes radiation exposure for the IR, particularly protecting areas like the head/neck, which can only be insufficiently covered by (standard) radiation protection material.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11351108/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142091819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-16DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11080836
Hee-Young Lee, Yoon-Ji Kim, Kang-Hyun Lee, Jung-Hun Lee, Sung-Pil Cho, Junghwan Park, Il-Hwan Park, Hyun Youk
Cardiovascular disease is a major global health concern, with early detection being critical. This study assesses the effectiveness of a portable ECG device, based on Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) technology, for remote cardiovascular monitoring during daily activities. We conducted a clinical trial involving 2000 participants who wore the HiCardi device while engaging in hiking activities. The device monitored their ECG, heart rate, respiration, and body temperature in real-time. If an abnormal signal was detected while a physician was remotely monitoring the ECG at the IoMT monitoring center, he notified the clinical research coordinator (CRC) at the empirical research site, and the CRC advised the participant to visit a hospital. Follow-up calls were made to determine compliance and outcomes. Of the 2000 participants, 318 showed abnormal signals, and 182 were advised to visit a hospital. The follow-up revealed that 139 (76.37%) responded, and 30 (21.58% of those who responded) sought further medical examination. Most visits (80.00%) occurred within one month. Diagnostic approaches included ECG (56.67%), ECG and ultrasound (20.00%), ultrasound alone (16.67%), ECG and X-ray (3.33%), and general treatment (3.33%). Seven participants (23.33% of those who visited) were diagnosed with cardiovascular disease, including conditions such as arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation, and stent requirements. The portable ECG device using the patch-type electrocardiograph detected abnormal cardiovascular signals, leading to timely diagnoses and interventions, demonstrating its potential for broad applications in preventative healthcare.
{"title":"Substantiation and Effectiveness of Remote Monitoring System Based on IoMT Using Portable ECG Device.","authors":"Hee-Young Lee, Yoon-Ji Kim, Kang-Hyun Lee, Jung-Hun Lee, Sung-Pil Cho, Junghwan Park, Il-Hwan Park, Hyun Youk","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering11080836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11080836","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular disease is a major global health concern, with early detection being critical. This study assesses the effectiveness of a portable ECG device, based on Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) technology, for remote cardiovascular monitoring during daily activities. We conducted a clinical trial involving 2000 participants who wore the HiCardi device while engaging in hiking activities. The device monitored their ECG, heart rate, respiration, and body temperature in real-time. If an abnormal signal was detected while a physician was remotely monitoring the ECG at the IoMT monitoring center, he notified the clinical research coordinator (CRC) at the empirical research site, and the CRC advised the participant to visit a hospital. Follow-up calls were made to determine compliance and outcomes. Of the 2000 participants, 318 showed abnormal signals, and 182 were advised to visit a hospital. The follow-up revealed that 139 (76.37%) responded, and 30 (21.58% of those who responded) sought further medical examination. Most visits (80.00%) occurred within one month. Diagnostic approaches included ECG (56.67%), ECG and ultrasound (20.00%), ultrasound alone (16.67%), ECG and X-ray (3.33%), and general treatment (3.33%). Seven participants (23.33% of those who visited) were diagnosed with cardiovascular disease, including conditions such as arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation, and stent requirements. The portable ECG device using the patch-type electrocardiograph detected abnormal cardiovascular signals, leading to timely diagnoses and interventions, demonstrating its potential for broad applications in preventative healthcare.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11352158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142091765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent developments in biomaterials have resulted in the creation of cement composites with potential wound treatment properties, even though they are currently mainly employed for bone regeneration. Their ability to improve skin restoration after surgery is worth noting. The main purpose of this research is to evaluate the ability of composite cement to promote wound healing in a rat experimental model. Full-thickness 5 mm skin defects were created, and the biomaterials were applied as wound dressings. The hybrid light-cured cement composites possess an organic matrix (Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, UDMA, and HEMA) and an inorganic phase (bioglasses, silica, and hydroxyapatite). The organic phase also contains γ-methacryloxypropyl-trimethoxysilane, which is produced by distributing bioactive silanized inorganic filler particles. The repair of the defect is assessed using a selection of macroscopic and microscopic protocols, including wound closure rate, histopathological analysis, cytotoxicity, and biocompatibility. Both composites exerted a favorable influence on cells, although the C1 product demonstrated a more extensive healing mechanism. Histological examination of the kidney and liver tissues revealed no evidence of toxicity. There were no notable negative outcomes in the treated groups, demonstrating the biocompatibility and efficacy of these bioproducts. By day 15, the skin of both groups had healed completely. This research introduces a pioneering strategy by utilizing composite cements, traditionally used in dentistry, in the context of skin wound healing.
{"title":"The Potential of Composite Cements for Wound Healing in Rats.","authors":"Alina Ioana Ardelean, Sorin Marian Marza, Madalina Florina Dragomir, Andrada Negoescu, Codruta Sarosi, Cristiana Stefania Novac, Cosmin Pestean, Marioara Moldovan, Liviu Oana","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering11080837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11080837","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent developments in biomaterials have resulted in the creation of cement composites with potential wound treatment properties, even though they are currently mainly employed for bone regeneration. Their ability to improve skin restoration after surgery is worth noting. The main purpose of this research is to evaluate the ability of composite cement to promote wound healing in a rat experimental model. Full-thickness 5 mm skin defects were created, and the biomaterials were applied as wound dressings. The hybrid light-cured cement composites possess an organic matrix (Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, UDMA, and HEMA) and an inorganic phase (bioglasses, silica, and hydroxyapatite). The organic phase also contains γ-methacryloxypropyl-trimethoxysilane, which is produced by distributing bioactive silanized inorganic filler particles. The repair of the defect is assessed using a selection of macroscopic and microscopic protocols, including wound closure rate, histopathological analysis, cytotoxicity, and biocompatibility. Both composites exerted a favorable influence on cells, although the C1 product demonstrated a more extensive healing mechanism. Histological examination of the kidney and liver tissues revealed no evidence of toxicity. There were no notable negative outcomes in the treated groups, demonstrating the biocompatibility and efficacy of these bioproducts. By day 15, the skin of both groups had healed completely. This research introduces a pioneering strategy by utilizing composite cements, traditionally used in dentistry, in the context of skin wound healing.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11351640/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142091834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The advent of intracranial stents has revolutionized the endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms. The utilization of stents has rendered numerous cerebral aneurysm amenable to endovascular treatment, thereby obviating the need for otherwise invasive open surgical options. Stent placement has become a mainstream approach because of its safety and efficacy. However, further improvements are required for clinically approved devices to avoid the frequent occurrence of thrombotic complications. Therefore, controlling the thrombotic complications associated with the use of devices is of significant importance. Our group has developed a unique stent coated with a 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC)-based polymer. In this study, the surface characteristics of the polymer coating were verified using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Subsequently, the antithrombotic properties of the coating were evaluated by measuring platelet count and thrombin-antithrombin complex levels of whole human blood after 3 h of incubation in a Chandler loop model. Scanning electron microscopy was utilized to examine thrombus formation on the stent surface. We observed that MPC polymer-coated stents significantly reduced thrombus formation as compared to bare stents and several clinically approved devices. Finally, the coated stents were further analyzed by implanting them in the internal thoracic arteries of pigs. Angiographic imaging and histopathological examinations that were performed one week after implantation revealed that the vascular lumen was well maintained and coated stents were integrated within the vascular endothelium without inducing adverse effects. Thus, we demonstrated the efficacy of MPC polymer coating as a viable strategy for avoiding the thrombotic risks associated with neurovascular stents.
颅内支架的出现彻底改变了脑动脉瘤的血管内治疗。支架的使用使许多脑动脉瘤可以接受血管内治疗,从而避免了其他侵入性开放手术方案。支架置入术因其安全性和有效性已成为主流方法。然而,临床认可的设备还需要进一步改进,以避免血栓并发症的频繁发生。因此,控制与设备使用相关的血栓并发症具有重要意义。我们的研究小组开发了一种独特的支架,其表面涂有一种基于 2-甲基丙烯酰氧乙基磷酰胆碱(MPC)的聚合物。在这项研究中,我们使用 X 射线光电子能谱和原子力显微镜验证了聚合物涂层的表面特性。随后,在钱德勒循环模型中培养 3 小时后,通过测量全血中的血小板计数和凝血酶-抗凝血酶复合物水平,评估了涂层的抗血栓性能。扫描电子显微镜用于检查支架表面血栓的形成。我们观察到,与裸支架和几种临床认可的设备相比,MPC 聚合物涂层支架能显著减少血栓形成。最后,我们通过将涂层支架植入猪的胸内动脉对其进行了进一步分析。植入一周后进行的血管造影和组织病理学检查显示,血管腔保持良好,涂层支架与血管内皮融为一体,没有产生不良影响。因此,我们证明了 MPC 聚合物涂层作为避免神经血管支架血栓风险的可行策略的有效性。
{"title":"Stable and Thin-Polymer-Based Modification of Neurovascular Stents with 2-Methacryloyloxyethyl Phosphorylcholine Polymer for Antithrombogenicity.","authors":"Naoki Inuzuka, Yasuhiro Shobayashi, Satoshi Tateshima, Yuya Sato, Yoshio Ohba, Kazuhiko Ishihara, Yuji Teramura","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering11080833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11080833","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The advent of intracranial stents has revolutionized the endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms. The utilization of stents has rendered numerous cerebral aneurysm amenable to endovascular treatment, thereby obviating the need for otherwise invasive open surgical options. Stent placement has become a mainstream approach because of its safety and efficacy. However, further improvements are required for clinically approved devices to avoid the frequent occurrence of thrombotic complications. Therefore, controlling the thrombotic complications associated with the use of devices is of significant importance. Our group has developed a unique stent coated with a 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC)-based polymer. In this study, the surface characteristics of the polymer coating were verified using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Subsequently, the antithrombotic properties of the coating were evaluated by measuring platelet count and thrombin-antithrombin complex levels of whole human blood after 3 h of incubation in a Chandler loop model. Scanning electron microscopy was utilized to examine thrombus formation on the stent surface. We observed that MPC polymer-coated stents significantly reduced thrombus formation as compared to bare stents and several clinically approved devices. Finally, the coated stents were further analyzed by implanting them in the internal thoracic arteries of pigs. Angiographic imaging and histopathological examinations that were performed one week after implantation revealed that the vascular lumen was well maintained and coated stents were integrated within the vascular endothelium without inducing adverse effects. Thus, we demonstrated the efficacy of MPC polymer coating as a viable strategy for avoiding the thrombotic risks associated with neurovascular stents.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11351483/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142091764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-15DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11080834
Jacob Michaud-Dorko, Charles Farbos de Luzan, Gregory R Dion, Ephraim Gutmark, Liran Oren
Three laryngeal models were used to investigate the aerodynamic and elastic properties of vocal fold vibration: cadaveric human, excised canine, and synthetic silicone vocal folds. The aim was to compare the characteristics of these models to enhance our understanding of phonatory mechanisms. Flow and medial glottal wall geometry were acquired via particle image velocimetry. Elastic properties were assessed from force-displacement tests. Relatively, the human larynges had higher fundamental frequency values, while canine and synthetic models exhibited greater flow rates. Canine models demonstrated the highest divergence angles and vertical stiffness gradients followed by the human model, both displaying flow separation vortices during closing. Synthetic models, whose advantage is their accessibility and repeatability, displayed the lowest glottal divergence angles and total circulation values compared to tissue models with no flow separation vortices. The elasticity tests revealed that tissue models showed significant hysteresis and vertical stiffness gradients, unlike the synthetic models. These results underscore the importance of model selection based on specific research needs and highlight the potential of canine and synthetic models for controlled experimental studies in phonation.
{"title":"Comparison of Aerodynamic and Elastic Properties in Tissue and Synthetic Models of Vocal Fold Vibrations.","authors":"Jacob Michaud-Dorko, Charles Farbos de Luzan, Gregory R Dion, Ephraim Gutmark, Liran Oren","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering11080834","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bioengineering11080834","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three laryngeal models were used to investigate the aerodynamic and elastic properties of vocal fold vibration: cadaveric human, excised canine, and synthetic silicone vocal folds. The aim was to compare the characteristics of these models to enhance our understanding of phonatory mechanisms. Flow and medial glottal wall geometry were acquired via particle image velocimetry. Elastic properties were assessed from force-displacement tests. Relatively, the human larynges had higher fundamental frequency values, while canine and synthetic models exhibited greater flow rates. Canine models demonstrated the highest divergence angles and vertical stiffness gradients followed by the human model, both displaying flow separation vortices during closing. Synthetic models, whose advantage is their accessibility and repeatability, displayed the lowest glottal divergence angles and total circulation values compared to tissue models with no flow separation vortices. The elasticity tests revealed that tissue models showed significant hysteresis and vertical stiffness gradients, unlike the synthetic models. These results underscore the importance of model selection based on specific research needs and highlight the potential of canine and synthetic models for controlled experimental studies in phonation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11351855/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142091809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-14DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11080830
Md Abdus Subhan, Vladimir P Torchilin
Among breast cancers, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has been recognized as the most aggressive type with a poor prognosis and low survival rate. Targeted therapy for TNBC is challenging because it lacks estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery are the common therapies for TNBC. Although TNBC is prone to chemotherapy, drug resistance and recurrence are commonly associated with treatment failure. Combination therapy approaches using chemotherapy, mAbs, ADC, and antibody-siRNA conjugates may be effective in TNBC. Recent advances with siRNA-based therapy approaches are promising for TNBC therapy with better prognosis and reduced mortality. This review discusses advances in nanomaterial- and nanobiomaterial-based siRNA delivery platforms for TNBC therapy exploring targeted therapy approaches for major genes, proteins, and TFs upregulated in TNBC tumors, which engage in molecular pathways associated with low TNBC prognosis. Bioengineered siRNA drugs targeting one or several genes simultaneously can downregulate desired genes, significantly reducing disease progression.
{"title":"Advances in siRNA Drug Delivery Strategies for Targeted TNBC Therapy.","authors":"Md Abdus Subhan, Vladimir P Torchilin","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering11080830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11080830","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Among breast cancers, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has been recognized as the most aggressive type with a poor prognosis and low survival rate. Targeted therapy for TNBC is challenging because it lacks estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery are the common therapies for TNBC. Although TNBC is prone to chemotherapy, drug resistance and recurrence are commonly associated with treatment failure. Combination therapy approaches using chemotherapy, mAbs, ADC, and antibody-siRNA conjugates may be effective in TNBC. Recent advances with siRNA-based therapy approaches are promising for TNBC therapy with better prognosis and reduced mortality. This review discusses advances in nanomaterial- and nanobiomaterial-based siRNA delivery platforms for TNBC therapy exploring targeted therapy approaches for major genes, proteins, and TFs upregulated in TNBC tumors, which engage in molecular pathways associated with low TNBC prognosis. Bioengineered siRNA drugs targeting one or several genes simultaneously can downregulate desired genes, significantly reducing disease progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11351222/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142091791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polycaprolactone (PCL) implants in large animals show great promise for tracheal transplantation. However, the longest survival time achieved to date is only about three weeks. To meet clinical application standards, it is essential to extend the survival time and ensure the complete integration and functionality of the implant. Our study investigates the use of three-dimensional (3D)-printed, biodegradable, PCL-based tracheal grafts for large-scale porcine tracheal transplantation, assessing the feasibility and early structural integrity crucial for long-term survival experiments. A biodegradable PCL tracheal graft was fabricated using a BIOX bioprinter and transplanted into large-scale porcine models. The grafts, measuring 20 × 20 × 1.5 mm, were implanted following a 2 cm circumferential resection of the porcine trachea. The experiment design was traditionally implanted in eight porcines to replace four-ring tracheal segments, only two of which survived more than three months. Data were collected on the graft construction and clinical outcomes. The 3D-printed biosynthetic grafts replicated the native organ with high fidelity. The implantations were successful, without immediate complications. At two weeks, bronchoscopy revealed significant granulation tissue around the anastomosis, which was managed with laser ablation. The presence of neocartilage, neoglands, and partial epithelialization near the anastomosis was verified in the final pathology findings. Our study demonstrates in situ regenerative tissue growth with intact cartilage following transplantation, marked by neotissue formation on the graft's exterior. The 90-day survival milestone was achieved due to innovative surgical strategies, reinforced with strap muscle attached to the distal trachea. Further improvements in graft design and granulation tissue management are essential to optimize outcomes.
{"title":"Long-Term Survival and Regeneration Following Transplantation of 3D-Printed Biodegradable PCL Tracheal Grafts in Large-Scale Porcine Models.","authors":"Sen-Ei Shai, Yi-Ling Lai, Yi-Wen Hung, Chi-Wei Hsieh, Kuo-Chih Su, Chun-Hsiang Wang, Te-Hsin Chao, Yung-Tsung Chiu, Chia-Ching Wu, Shih-Chieh Hung","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering11080832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11080832","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polycaprolactone (PCL) implants in large animals show great promise for tracheal transplantation. However, the longest survival time achieved to date is only about three weeks. To meet clinical application standards, it is essential to extend the survival time and ensure the complete integration and functionality of the implant. Our study investigates the use of three-dimensional (3D)-printed, biodegradable, PCL-based tracheal grafts for large-scale porcine tracheal transplantation, assessing the feasibility and early structural integrity crucial for long-term survival experiments. A biodegradable PCL tracheal graft was fabricated using a BIOX bioprinter and transplanted into large-scale porcine models. The grafts, measuring 20 × 20 × 1.5 mm, were implanted following a 2 cm circumferential resection of the porcine trachea. The experiment design was traditionally implanted in eight porcines to replace four-ring tracheal segments, only two of which survived more than three months. Data were collected on the graft construction and clinical outcomes. The 3D-printed biosynthetic grafts replicated the native organ with high fidelity. The implantations were successful, without immediate complications. At two weeks, bronchoscopy revealed significant granulation tissue around the anastomosis, which was managed with laser ablation. The presence of neocartilage, neoglands, and partial epithelialization near the anastomosis was verified in the final pathology findings. Our study demonstrates in situ regenerative tissue growth with intact cartilage following transplantation, marked by neotissue formation on the graft's exterior. The 90-day survival milestone was achieved due to innovative surgical strategies, reinforced with strap muscle attached to the distal trachea. Further improvements in graft design and granulation tissue management are essential to optimize outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11351403/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142091735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-14DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11080831
Broderick S Schwartz, Seth King, Tyler Bell
Improving the quality of life for people with vision impairments has been an important goal in the research and design of assistive devices for several decades. This paper seeks to further that goal by introducing a novel assistive technology platform that leverages real-time 3D spatial audio to promote safe and efficient navigation for people who are blind or visually impaired (PVI). The presented platform, EchoSee, uses modern 3D scanning technology on a mobile device to construct a live, digital 3D map of a user's environment as they move about their surroundings. Spatialized, virtual audio sources (i.e., virtual speakers) are dynamically placed within the digital 3D scan of the world, providing the navigator with a real-time 3D stereo audio "soundscape." The digital 3D map, and its resultant soundscape, are continuously updated as the user moves about their environment. The generated soundscape is played back through headphones connected to the navigator's device. This paper details (1) the underlying technical components and how they were integrated to produce the mobile application that generates a dynamic soundscape on a consumer mobile device, (2) a methodology for analyzing navigation performance with the application, (3) the design and execution of a user study investigating the effectiveness of the presented system, and (4) a discussion of the results of that study along with a proposed future study and possible improvements. Altogether, this paper presents a novel software platform aimed at assisting individuals with vision impairments to navigate and understand spaces safely, efficiently, and independently and the results of a feasibility study analyzing the viability of the approach.
{"title":"EchoSee: An Assistive Mobile Application for Real-Time 3D Environment Reconstruction and Sonification Supporting Enhanced Navigation for People with Vision Impairments.","authors":"Broderick S Schwartz, Seth King, Tyler Bell","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering11080831","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bioengineering11080831","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Improving the quality of life for people with vision impairments has been an important goal in the research and design of assistive devices for several decades. This paper seeks to further that goal by introducing a novel assistive technology platform that leverages real-time 3D spatial audio to promote safe and efficient navigation for people who are blind or visually impaired (PVI). The presented platform, EchoSee, uses modern 3D scanning technology on a mobile device to construct a live, digital 3D map of a user's environment as they move about their surroundings. Spatialized, virtual audio sources (i.e., virtual speakers) are dynamically placed within the digital 3D scan of the world, providing the navigator with a real-time 3D stereo audio \"soundscape.\" The digital 3D map, and its resultant soundscape, are continuously updated as the user moves about their environment. The generated soundscape is played back through headphones connected to the navigator's device. This paper details (1) the underlying technical components and how they were integrated to produce the mobile application that generates a dynamic soundscape on a consumer mobile device, (2) a methodology for analyzing navigation performance with the application, (3) the design and execution of a user study investigating the effectiveness of the presented system, and (4) a discussion of the results of that study along with a proposed future study and possible improvements. Altogether, this paper presents a novel software platform aimed at assisting individuals with vision impairments to navigate and understand spaces safely, efficiently, and independently and the results of a feasibility study analyzing the viability of the approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11351581/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142091818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-14DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11080829
Shaden A M Khalifa, Aya A Shetaia, Nehal Eid, Aida A Abd El-Wahed, Tariq Z Abolibda, Abdelfatteh El Omri, Qiang Yu, Mohamed A Shenashen, Hidayat Hussain, Mohamed F Salem, Zhiming Guo, Abdulaziz M Alanazi, Hesham R El-Seedi
Bee products, abundant in bioactive ingredients, have been utilized in both traditional and contemporary medicine. Their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties make them valuable for food, preservation, and cosmetics applications. Honeybees are a vast reservoir of potentially beneficial products such as honey, bee pollen, bee bread, beeswax, bee venom, and royal jelly. These products are rich in metabolites vital to human health, including proteins, amino acids, peptides, enzymes, sugars, vitamins, polyphenols, flavonoids, and minerals. The advancement of nanotechnology has led to a continuous search for new natural sources that can facilitate the easy, low-cost, and eco-friendly synthesis of nanomaterials. Nanoparticles (NPs) are actively synthesized using honeybee products, which serve dual purposes in preventive and interceptive treatment strategies due to their richness in essential metabolites. This review aims to highlight the potential role of bee products in this line and their applications as catalysts and food preservatives and to point out their anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant underlying impacts. The research used several online databases, namely Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Sci Finder. The overall findings suggest that these bee-derived substances exhibit remarkable properties, making them promising candidates for the economical and eco-friendly production of NPs.
{"title":"Green Innovation and Synthesis of Honeybee Products-Mediated Nanoparticles: Potential Approaches and Wide Applications.","authors":"Shaden A M Khalifa, Aya A Shetaia, Nehal Eid, Aida A Abd El-Wahed, Tariq Z Abolibda, Abdelfatteh El Omri, Qiang Yu, Mohamed A Shenashen, Hidayat Hussain, Mohamed F Salem, Zhiming Guo, Abdulaziz M Alanazi, Hesham R El-Seedi","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering11080829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11080829","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bee products, abundant in bioactive ingredients, have been utilized in both traditional and contemporary medicine. Their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties make them valuable for food, preservation, and cosmetics applications. Honeybees are a vast reservoir of potentially beneficial products such as honey, bee pollen, bee bread, beeswax, bee venom, and royal jelly. These products are rich in metabolites vital to human health, including proteins, amino acids, peptides, enzymes, sugars, vitamins, polyphenols, flavonoids, and minerals. The advancement of nanotechnology has led to a continuous search for new natural sources that can facilitate the easy, low-cost, and eco-friendly synthesis of nanomaterials. Nanoparticles (NPs) are actively synthesized using honeybee products, which serve dual purposes in preventive and interceptive treatment strategies due to their richness in essential metabolites. This review aims to highlight the potential role of bee products in this line and their applications as catalysts and food preservatives and to point out their anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant underlying impacts. The research used several online databases, namely Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Sci Finder. The overall findings suggest that these bee-derived substances exhibit remarkable properties, making them promising candidates for the economical and eco-friendly production of NPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11351265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142091829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}