Pub Date : 2021-08-18DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2021.1960604
C. Aboyeji
ABSTRACT The production of healthy food in a sustainable manner is a major challenge for agriculture. Pot experiments were conducted in an open field during the rainy season in 2017 and 2018 to study the effects of the application of composted leaves of Tithonia diversifolia (T) and organo-biodegradable (OBD+) formulated fertiliser on growth, yield and concentrations of minerals and bioactive compounds in okra. Treatments consisted of four application rates of composted Tithonia leaves (0, 10, 20 and 30 g 10 kg−1 soil) and three rates of organic-biodegradable (OBD+) formulated fertiliser (0, 10 and 20 g 10 kg−1 soil), which were combined and arranged in a complete randomised design with four replications. Performance and quality parameters of okra were measured. The application of the amendments significantly increased vegetative growth and yield parameters of okra, compared with the control, with the application of 30 T + 10 OBD+ resulting in the highest values for growth and yield. The number of days to flowering and fruiting of the okra was significantly reduced by the application of the organic amendments. The results also revealed that the concentrations of mineral elements and bioactive compounds in the okra fruits significantly increased with applications of 30 T + 20 OBD + and 30 T + 10 OBD +. Therefore, for improved vegetative and yield performance as well as accumulation of mineral elements and bioactive compounds, the application of 30 T + 10 OBD+ was considered as the most suitable for the cultivation of okra in the study area.
摘要以可持续的方式生产健康食品是农业面临的一大挑战。2017年和2018年雨季，在一块空地上进行了盆栽试验，研究了施用五香（T）堆肥叶和有机可生物降解（OBD+）配方肥料对秋葵生长、产量以及矿物质和生物活性化合物浓度的影响。处理包括四种施用率的堆肥山雀叶（0、10、20和30 g 10 kg−1土壤）和三种施用率有机可生物降解（OBD+）配方肥料（0、0和20 g 10 kg–1土壤），这三种肥料以四个重复的完全随机设计组合和排列。测定了秋葵的性能和品质参数。与对照相比，施用改良剂显著提高了秋葵的营养生长和产量参数，施用30 T+10 OBD+可获得最高的生长和产量值。施用有机改良剂显著减少了秋葵的开花结果天数。结果还表明，随着30 T+20 OBD+和30 T+10 OBD+的施用，秋葵果实中矿物质元素和生物活性化合物的浓度显著增加。因此，为了提高营养和产量，以及矿物元素和生物活性化合物的积累，30T+10 OBD+被认为是最适合在研究区种植秋葵的。
{"title":"Effects of application of organic formulated fertiliser and composted Tithonia diversifolia leaves on the growth, yield and quality of okra","authors":"C. Aboyeji","doi":"10.1080/01448765.2021.1960604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2021.1960604","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The production of healthy food in a sustainable manner is a major challenge for agriculture. Pot experiments were conducted in an open field during the rainy season in 2017 and 2018 to study the effects of the application of composted leaves of Tithonia diversifolia (T) and organo-biodegradable (OBD+) formulated fertiliser on growth, yield and concentrations of minerals and bioactive compounds in okra. Treatments consisted of four application rates of composted Tithonia leaves (0, 10, 20 and 30 g 10 kg−1 soil) and three rates of organic-biodegradable (OBD+) formulated fertiliser (0, 10 and 20 g 10 kg−1 soil), which were combined and arranged in a complete randomised design with four replications. Performance and quality parameters of okra were measured. The application of the amendments significantly increased vegetative growth and yield parameters of okra, compared with the control, with the application of 30 T + 10 OBD+ resulting in the highest values for growth and yield. The number of days to flowering and fruiting of the okra was significantly reduced by the application of the organic amendments. The results also revealed that the concentrations of mineral elements and bioactive compounds in the okra fruits significantly increased with applications of 30 T + 20 OBD + and 30 T + 10 OBD +. Therefore, for improved vegetative and yield performance as well as accumulation of mineral elements and bioactive compounds, the application of 30 T + 10 OBD+ was considered as the most suitable for the cultivation of okra in the study area.","PeriodicalId":8904,"journal":{"name":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture","volume":"38 1","pages":"17 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44386811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-18DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2021.1947377
R. Zangoueinejad, M. Alebrahim
ABSTRACT Controversial issues have been raised regarding the use of plastic mulches, as they can have a destructive effect on agricultural production systems and because of the reliance on fossil fuels for the manufacturing. Investigating the use of organic materials as alternatives to black plastic mulch is thus crucial to enhance both the productivity and the sustainability of agricultural systems. A field experiment was carried out in three years, assessing the efficacy of several organic mulch materials, in comparison with black plastic mulch, for suppressing weeds in tomato production. The results showed that, mulching with shredded date leaves + sawdust, had the highest inhibiting impact in reducing the total weed density by approximately up to 31.3 weeds m-2 at 70 days after transplanting in all three years. The highest marketable yield of the tomatoes was obtained for plants grown with shredded date leaves + sawdust mulch in 2015, 2016 and 2017. Additionally, mulching with coco fibre, sawdust, wheat straw + sawdust, corn residue + sawdust and wood chips + sawdust resulted in similar values for marketable yield as the black plastic. The results revealed that shredded date leaves + sawdust could be a practical alternative to the use of black plastic in the production of processing tomatoes. The use of wheat straw + sawdust, barley straw + sawdust, rice straw + sawdust, corn residue + sawdust, coco fibre + sawdust, sawdust and especially coco fibre, as replacements for black plastic, would be rational options when there is no access to shredded date leaves + sawdust.
{"title":"Use of conventional and innovative organic materials as alternatives to black plastic mulch to suppress weeds in tomato production","authors":"R. Zangoueinejad, M. Alebrahim","doi":"10.1080/01448765.2021.1947377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2021.1947377","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Controversial issues have been raised regarding the use of plastic mulches, as they can have a destructive effect on agricultural production systems and because of the reliance on fossil fuels for the manufacturing. Investigating the use of organic materials as alternatives to black plastic mulch is thus crucial to enhance both the productivity and the sustainability of agricultural systems. A field experiment was carried out in three years, assessing the efficacy of several organic mulch materials, in comparison with black plastic mulch, for suppressing weeds in tomato production. The results showed that, mulching with shredded date leaves + sawdust, had the highest inhibiting impact in reducing the total weed density by approximately up to 31.3 weeds m-2 at 70 days after transplanting in all three years. The highest marketable yield of the tomatoes was obtained for plants grown with shredded date leaves + sawdust mulch in 2015, 2016 and 2017. Additionally, mulching with coco fibre, sawdust, wheat straw + sawdust, corn residue + sawdust and wood chips + sawdust resulted in similar values for marketable yield as the black plastic. The results revealed that shredded date leaves + sawdust could be a practical alternative to the use of black plastic in the production of processing tomatoes. The use of wheat straw + sawdust, barley straw + sawdust, rice straw + sawdust, corn residue + sawdust, coco fibre + sawdust, sawdust and especially coco fibre, as replacements for black plastic, would be rational options when there is no access to shredded date leaves + sawdust.","PeriodicalId":8904,"journal":{"name":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture","volume":"37 1","pages":"267 - 284"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47504343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-05DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2021.1955005
F. Leiber, M. Holinger, Z. Amsler, A. Maeschli, V. Maurer, B. Früh, C. Lambertz, H. Ayrle
ABSTRACT For reasons of aspired naturalness and cost reduction, vitamin additions should be kept low in organic livestock systems. To define safe lower threshold levels of riboflavin supplementation in organic poultry feeding, 135 hybrid layers were allocated to three dietary treatments supplemented with either 4.5 (R4.5), 3.0 (R3.0) or 1.5 mg (R1.5) GMO-free riboflavin added per kg feed. This resulted in total measured concentration averages of 5.0, 4.5, and 3.1 mg kg−1 feed for R4.5, R3.0 and R1.5, respectively. For 18 weeks, each treatment was replicated in three groups of 15 hens. Feed consumption, laying performance, egg quality, riboflavin concentration in the yolk, and clinical health scores were assessed. Two hens per group (six per treatment) were slaughtered in weeks 11 and 18, respectively, for measurement of pancreas, spleen, liver and heart weights, and determination of liver riboflavin. No treatment effects on feed consumption, body weight, laying performance, egg weights, eggshell strength and yolk colour or plumage and keel bone integrity were observed. No symptoms of lameness or footpad damage were found. The riboflavin concentration in egg yolks in R1.5 was lower than in other treatments. Liver riboflavin concentration increased between week 11 and 18 in all treatments, but it was also lower in R1.5. Based on these results, the addition of 3 mg riboflavin kg−1 feed appeared to be sufficient with respect to the health and performance of laying hens. Supplementation with only 1.5 mg kg−1 resulted in some metabolic signs of deficiency. These results apply only to organic winter diets.
出于追求天然性和降低成本的原因，有机牲畜系统中维生素的添加量应保持在较低水平。为了确定有机家禽饲料中核黄素的安全下限水平，将135只杂交蛋鸡分为3个饲粮处理，每kg饲料中分别添加4.5 (R4.5)、3.0 (R3.0)和1.5 mg (R1.5)的无转基因核黄素。结果表明，在R4.5、R3.0和R1.5条件下，总测量浓度平均值分别为5.0、4.5和3.1 mg kg - 1。试验期为18周，每组15只，重复试验3组。评估饲料消耗、产蛋性能、蛋品质、蛋黄核黄素浓度和临床健康评分。在第11周和第18周，每组分别屠宰2只母鸡(每个处理6只)，测定胰腺、脾脏、肝脏和心脏重量，并测定肝脏核黄素。处理对采食量、体重、产蛋性能、蛋重、蛋壳强度和蛋黄颜色以及羽毛和龙骨完整性均无影响。没有发现跛行或脚垫损伤的症状。R1.5处理蛋黄中核黄素含量低于其他处理。肝脏核黄素浓度在第11周至第18周期间升高，但在R1.5时也降低。综上所述，对于蛋鸡的健康和生产性能而言，添加3mg核黄素kg - 1饲料似乎是足够的。仅补充1.5 mg kg - 1就会导致一些代谢缺陷的迹象。这些结果仅适用于有机冬季饲料。
{"title":"Riboflavin for laying hens fed organic winter diets: effects of different supplementation rates on health, performance and egg quality","authors":"F. Leiber, M. Holinger, Z. Amsler, A. Maeschli, V. Maurer, B. Früh, C. Lambertz, H. Ayrle","doi":"10.1080/01448765.2021.1955005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2021.1955005","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT For reasons of aspired naturalness and cost reduction, vitamin additions should be kept low in organic livestock systems. To define safe lower threshold levels of riboflavin supplementation in organic poultry feeding, 135 hybrid layers were allocated to three dietary treatments supplemented with either 4.5 (R4.5), 3.0 (R3.0) or 1.5 mg (R1.5) GMO-free riboflavin added per kg feed. This resulted in total measured concentration averages of 5.0, 4.5, and 3.1 mg kg−1 feed for R4.5, R3.0 and R1.5, respectively. For 18 weeks, each treatment was replicated in three groups of 15 hens. Feed consumption, laying performance, egg quality, riboflavin concentration in the yolk, and clinical health scores were assessed. Two hens per group (six per treatment) were slaughtered in weeks 11 and 18, respectively, for measurement of pancreas, spleen, liver and heart weights, and determination of liver riboflavin. No treatment effects on feed consumption, body weight, laying performance, egg weights, eggshell strength and yolk colour or plumage and keel bone integrity were observed. No symptoms of lameness or footpad damage were found. The riboflavin concentration in egg yolks in R1.5 was lower than in other treatments. Liver riboflavin concentration increased between week 11 and 18 in all treatments, but it was also lower in R1.5. Based on these results, the addition of 3 mg riboflavin kg−1 feed appeared to be sufficient with respect to the health and performance of laying hens. Supplementation with only 1.5 mg kg−1 resulted in some metabolic signs of deficiency. These results apply only to organic winter diets.","PeriodicalId":8904,"journal":{"name":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture","volume":"38 1","pages":"1 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01448765.2021.1955005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42044220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-12DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2021.1942986
Howida Y. Mohamed, A. H. Aboellil, Mahmoud O. Hassan
ABSTRACT Given the need to minimise the environmental impact of synthetic agrochemicals in agroecosystems and to increase the sustainability of production systems, it is necessary to identify alternative methods for weed management and crop protection. Regular pruning of evergreen trees, including Ficus retusa L., can provide large quantities of leaf litter and this study aimed to evaluate the use of this leaf residue in a horticultural production system. The effects of using the residue as an organic soil amendment were assessed, including the potential of the residue to control weeds in green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) crop. Three application rates of F. retusa leaf residue (250, 500 and 1000 g m−2) were applied to the soil at two locations. At both sites, the treatments significantly reduced the density and the biomass of several weed species in a dose- and weed species-dependent manner. The total weed density and weed biomass were also substantially reduced, but there were no effects on the growth or the yield of the P. vulgaris in the treated plots. The application of the leaf residue increased soil organic carbon and some macronutrients, including available nitrogen and potassium. High-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis revealed the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in the F. retusa leaves and the reduction of weeds may be attributed to the release of phytotoxins from the residue. Overall, the results suggested that F. retusa leaf residue can be used as part of the weed management strategy to control weeds in P. vulgaris crops.
考虑到需要尽量减少合成农用化学品对农业生态系统的环境影响，并增加生产系统的可持续性，有必要确定杂草管理和作物保护的替代方法。定期修剪常绿乔木，包括榕树，可以提供大量的凋落叶，本研究旨在评估叶残在园艺生产系统中的利用。评价了其作为有机土壤改良剂的效果，包括其对绿豆杂草的防治潜力。在两个地点分别施用三种施用量(250、500和1000 g m−2)的沙兔叶渣。在两个样地，处理均显著降低了几种杂草的密度和生物量，且呈剂量依赖性和种类依赖性。杂草总密度和生物量也显著降低，但对柽柳生长和产量没有影响。叶渣的施用增加了土壤有机碳和一些常量养分，包括速效氮和速效钾。高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析表明，黄酮类化合物和酚类化合物存在于黄酮类化合物中，杂草的减少可能与残留的植物毒素释放有关。综上所述，狐尾草叶渣可以作为杂草管理策略的一部分来控制寻常草作物的杂草。
{"title":"Using Ficus retusa L. leaf residue for weed control in field grown green beans","authors":"Howida Y. Mohamed, A. H. Aboellil, Mahmoud O. Hassan","doi":"10.1080/01448765.2021.1942986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2021.1942986","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Given the need to minimise the environmental impact of synthetic agrochemicals in agroecosystems and to increase the sustainability of production systems, it is necessary to identify alternative methods for weed management and crop protection. Regular pruning of evergreen trees, including Ficus retusa L., can provide large quantities of leaf litter and this study aimed to evaluate the use of this leaf residue in a horticultural production system. The effects of using the residue as an organic soil amendment were assessed, including the potential of the residue to control weeds in green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) crop. Three application rates of F. retusa leaf residue (250, 500 and 1000 g m−2) were applied to the soil at two locations. At both sites, the treatments significantly reduced the density and the biomass of several weed species in a dose- and weed species-dependent manner. The total weed density and weed biomass were also substantially reduced, but there were no effects on the growth or the yield of the P. vulgaris in the treated plots. The application of the leaf residue increased soil organic carbon and some macronutrients, including available nitrogen and potassium. High-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis revealed the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in the F. retusa leaves and the reduction of weeds may be attributed to the release of phytotoxins from the residue. Overall, the results suggested that F. retusa leaf residue can be used as part of the weed management strategy to control weeds in P. vulgaris crops.","PeriodicalId":8904,"journal":{"name":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture","volume":"37 1","pages":"252 - 266"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01448765.2021.1942986","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45536048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2021.1942207
F. Olowokere, L. O. Adebambo, C. Adejuyigbe, F. Olasantan
ABSTRACT In sub-Saharan Africa, the high cost of synthetic fertilisers and the need to produce higher quality crops have necessitated research on alternative nutrient inputs. The effects of soil amendments with poultry manure + Tithonia diversifolia compost at 10, 20, 30 t ha−1 (PMC10, PMC20, PMC30), cow dung + T. diversifolia compost at 10, 20, and 30 t ha−1 (CDC10, CDC20, CDC30) poultry manure (PM) at 10 t ha−1 (PM10), cow dung (CD) at 15 t ha−1 (CD15), and T. diversifolia (TT) at 10 t ha−1 (TT10) on growth, yield and quality of okra was investigated in a field trial in Abeokuta, Nigeria in 2011 and 2013. Treatments were arranged using a randomised block design with three replicates. The highest numbers of leaves per plant (14) were recorded in the treatments with PMC20 and PMC30 in 2011 and 2013, respectively. Application of PMC20 significantly reduced the number of days to 50% flowering compared with the control. In 2011, the potassium concentration in okra leaves and the nitrogen concentration in okra pods were highest for plants grown in soil amended with PMC30. The uptake of phosphorus was highest for plants treated with CDC20 (1.26 g m−2) and with TT10 (0.65 g m−2) in 2011 and 2013, respectively. All treatments resulted in significant increases in the yield of pods compared with the control. PM and CD used either in their original forms or composted with Tithonia diversifolia improved the growth and yield of the okra and the nutrient concentrations of the pods.
摘要在撒哈拉以南非洲，合成肥料的高成本和生产更高质量作物的需求，使得对替代营养投入的研究成为必要。10、20、30 t ha−1（PMC10、PMC20、PMC30）、10、20和30 t ha–1（CDC10、CDC20、CDC30）、10 t ha−2（PM10）、15 t ha−3（CD15）和10 t ha–3（TT10）的鸡粪+Tithonia diversifolia堆肥土壤改良剂对生长的影响，2011年和2013年，在尼日利亚阿贝奥库塔进行了秋葵产量和质量的田间试验。采用三个重复的随机分组设计安排治疗。2011年和2013年，PMC20和PMC30处理的单株叶片数最高（14）。与对照相比，施用PMC20显著减少了50%的开花天数。2011年，在用PMC30改良的土壤中生长的植物，秋葵叶片中的钾浓度和秋葵荚中的氮浓度最高。2011年和2013年，CDC20（1.26 g m−2）和TT10（0.65 g m−1）处理的植物对磷的吸收最高。与对照相比，所有处理都显著提高了荚的产量。PM和CD无论是以其原始形式使用，还是与山雀复合使用，都能提高秋葵的生长和产量，并提高豆荚的营养浓度。
{"title":"Okra (Abelsmoschus esculentus L. Moench) performance with the application of composts made from different source materials","authors":"F. Olowokere, L. O. Adebambo, C. Adejuyigbe, F. Olasantan","doi":"10.1080/01448765.2021.1942207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2021.1942207","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In sub-Saharan Africa, the high cost of synthetic fertilisers and the need to produce higher quality crops have necessitated research on alternative nutrient inputs. The effects of soil amendments with poultry manure + Tithonia diversifolia compost at 10, 20, 30 t ha−1 (PMC10, PMC20, PMC30), cow dung + T. diversifolia compost at 10, 20, and 30 t ha−1 (CDC10, CDC20, CDC30) poultry manure (PM) at 10 t ha−1 (PM10), cow dung (CD) at 15 t ha−1 (CD15), and T. diversifolia (TT) at 10 t ha−1 (TT10) on growth, yield and quality of okra was investigated in a field trial in Abeokuta, Nigeria in 2011 and 2013. Treatments were arranged using a randomised block design with three replicates. The highest numbers of leaves per plant (14) were recorded in the treatments with PMC20 and PMC30 in 2011 and 2013, respectively. Application of PMC20 significantly reduced the number of days to 50% flowering compared with the control. In 2011, the potassium concentration in okra leaves and the nitrogen concentration in okra pods were highest for plants grown in soil amended with PMC30. The uptake of phosphorus was highest for plants treated with CDC20 (1.26 g m−2) and with TT10 (0.65 g m−2) in 2011 and 2013, respectively. All treatments resulted in significant increases in the yield of pods compared with the control. PM and CD used either in their original forms or composted with Tithonia diversifolia improved the growth and yield of the okra and the nutrient concentrations of the pods.","PeriodicalId":8904,"journal":{"name":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture","volume":"37 1","pages":"197 - 212"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01448765.2021.1942207","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42263561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2021.1929480
J. Fritz, F. Lauer, Anne Wilkening, P. Masson, S. Peth
ABSTRACT An on-vineyard approach was used to investigate effects of the biodynamic preparations horn manure and horn silica (BD) on the soil structure in five vineyards on different bedrocks and that had been under organic management for different time periods. The underlying hypothesis was that the effects of the biodynamic preparations increase aggregate stability and improve soil structure. The results showed that soil aggregate stability during wet sieving was not different in the treatment with biodynamic preparations (BD+), compared with that without preparations (BD-). Based on visual evaluation (VESS), improvements in soil structure in the BD+ treatment, compared with BD-, were not significant for macropores/biopores, drop test topsoil or subsoil colour, but significant improvements were observed in drop test subsoil (p = 0.009), topsoil colour (p < 0.000), root penetration (p = 0. 017), structure of surface (stable aggregates, little encrustation, p = 0.006), structure of topsoil (p = 0.030), structure of subsoil (p < 0.000) and the colour change from topsoil to subsoil was at a greater depth (p = 0.049). Based on previously reported results showing significant changes in the microbial activity in soil from the BD+ treatment, using the same soil samples, it was thought possible that the observed differences in soil structure between BD+ and BD- were linked to the differences in the microbial activity.
{"title":"Aggregate stability and visual evaluation of soil structure in biodynamic cultivation of Burgundy vineyard soils","authors":"J. Fritz, F. Lauer, Anne Wilkening, P. Masson, S. Peth","doi":"10.1080/01448765.2021.1929480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2021.1929480","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT An on-vineyard approach was used to investigate effects of the biodynamic preparations horn manure and horn silica (BD) on the soil structure in five vineyards on different bedrocks and that had been under organic management for different time periods. The underlying hypothesis was that the effects of the biodynamic preparations increase aggregate stability and improve soil structure. The results showed that soil aggregate stability during wet sieving was not different in the treatment with biodynamic preparations (BD+), compared with that without preparations (BD-). Based on visual evaluation (VESS), improvements in soil structure in the BD+ treatment, compared with BD-, were not significant for macropores/biopores, drop test topsoil or subsoil colour, but significant improvements were observed in drop test subsoil (p = 0.009), topsoil colour (p < 0.000), root penetration (p = 0. 017), structure of surface (stable aggregates, little encrustation, p = 0.006), structure of topsoil (p = 0.030), structure of subsoil (p < 0.000) and the colour change from topsoil to subsoil was at a greater depth (p = 0.049). Based on previously reported results showing significant changes in the microbial activity in soil from the BD+ treatment, using the same soil samples, it was thought possible that the observed differences in soil structure between BD+ and BD- were linked to the differences in the microbial activity.","PeriodicalId":8904,"journal":{"name":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture","volume":"37 1","pages":"168 - 182"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01448765.2021.1929480","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48254413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-16DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2021.1937316
Kevser Üner Öztürk, M. Koyuncu
ABSTRACT The present study investigated the effects of ozone and salicylic acid (SA) on storage life and quality of parsley. Parsley bunches were subjected to three treatments: immersion in SA solutions (1 and 2 mM), immersion in distilled water (control) and exposure to gaseous ozone (2.14 mg m−3) after dipping into distilled water. Treated bunches were stored at 1°C and 90% (± 5%) relative humidity for 28 days, assessing a range of quality criteria during the storage period. In cold storage conditions, the loss of fresh weight of the parsley was delayed in treatments with SA, compared with the control. Treatments with SA, especially at 2 mM, preserved the vivid green colour of the parsley during storage better than the treatment with ozone or the control. SA was the best treatment for maintaining the sensory quality of the parsley, while the ozone had negative effects on the external appearance and the taste. During storage, the respiration rate and the production of ethylene, indicators of metabolic activity, were suppressed (not significant for respiration rate) in parsley treated with ozone gas.
{"title":"Effects of ozone and salicylic acid on post-harvest quality of parsley during storage","authors":"Kevser Üner Öztürk, M. Koyuncu","doi":"10.1080/01448765.2021.1937316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2021.1937316","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The present study investigated the effects of ozone and salicylic acid (SA) on storage life and quality of parsley. Parsley bunches were subjected to three treatments: immersion in SA solutions (1 and 2 mM), immersion in distilled water (control) and exposure to gaseous ozone (2.14 mg m−3) after dipping into distilled water. Treated bunches were stored at 1°C and 90% (± 5%) relative humidity for 28 days, assessing a range of quality criteria during the storage period. In cold storage conditions, the loss of fresh weight of the parsley was delayed in treatments with SA, compared with the control. Treatments with SA, especially at 2 mM, preserved the vivid green colour of the parsley during storage better than the treatment with ozone or the control. SA was the best treatment for maintaining the sensory quality of the parsley, while the ozone had negative effects on the external appearance and the taste. During storage, the respiration rate and the production of ethylene, indicators of metabolic activity, were suppressed (not significant for respiration rate) in parsley treated with ozone gas.","PeriodicalId":8904,"journal":{"name":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture","volume":"37 1","pages":"183 - 196"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01448765.2021.1937316","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45035321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-24DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2021.1918579
R. Witkowicz, E. Skrzypek, K. Gleń-Karolczyk, Mateusz Krupa, W. Biel, J. Chłopicka, A. Galanty
ABSTRACT Microbial soil additives and plant biostimulants contain substances and microorganisms that can enhance stress tolerance in plants and increase the yield and quality of the crop. The interest in such inputs for sustainable and agroecological farming systems has led to the development of a range of products. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of some microbial soil additives (MSADs), plant growth promoters (PGPs) and biological control agents (BCAs) on photosynthetic efficiency, canopy vegetation indices and yield of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), an under-utilised nutraceutical crop. The study showed that soaking the seeds in the BCAs Pythium oligandrum and Bacillus subtilis, on their own, had significant effects on the yield of the buckwheat. Increases in chlorophyll a fluorescence indices were observed in plants grown from seeds soaked in a solution containing P. oligandrum (ET0/RC) and also in soil treated with the MSAD UG Max (ABS/RC, TR0/RC). Treatment with either of the two MSADs also increased the normalised differential vegetation index (NDVI). Soaking the seeds in PGPs combined with BCAs affected only the chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, whereas the combined treatment of spraying the plants with PGPs and treating the soil with MSADs affected not only the chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters (FV/FM, ET0/RC, DI0/RC), but also indicated a tendency for a decrease in the leaf area index (LAI) (p = 0.058) and the NDVI (p = 0.186). The correlations between grain yield, chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters and vegetation indices of the canopy were discussed.
摘要微生物土壤添加剂和植物生物刺激剂含有能够增强植物抗逆性、提高作物产量和质量的物质和微生物。对可持续农业生态农业系统的这种投入的兴趣导致了一系列产品的开发。本研究的目的是确定一些微生物土壤添加剂（MSAD）、植物生长促进剂（PGPs）和生物防治剂（BCAs）对普通荞麦（Fagopyrum esculentum Moench）的光合效率、冠层植被指数和产量的影响。研究表明，BCAs、腐霉和枯草芽孢杆菌单独浸种对荞麦产量有显著影响。在浸泡在含有P.oligandrum（ET0/RC）的溶液中的种子生长的植物中以及在用MSAD UG Max（ABS/RC，TR0/RC）处理的土壤中观察到叶绿素a荧光指数的增加。用两种MSAD中的任何一种处理也增加了归一化差异植被指数（NDVI）。将种子浸泡在PGPs和BCAs中只影响叶绿素a荧光参数，而用PGPs喷洒植物和用MSAD处理土壤的联合处理不仅影响叶绿素a的荧光参数（FV/FM、ET0/RC、DI0/RC），叶面积指数（LAI）（p＝0.058）和NDVI（p＝0.186）也有下降的趋势。
{"title":"Effects of application of plant growth promoters, biological control agents and microbial soil additives on photosynthetic efficiency, canopy vegetation indices and yield of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)","authors":"R. Witkowicz, E. Skrzypek, K. Gleń-Karolczyk, Mateusz Krupa, W. Biel, J. Chłopicka, A. Galanty","doi":"10.1080/01448765.2021.1918579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2021.1918579","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Microbial soil additives and plant biostimulants contain substances and microorganisms that can enhance stress tolerance in plants and increase the yield and quality of the crop. The interest in such inputs for sustainable and agroecological farming systems has led to the development of a range of products. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of some microbial soil additives (MSADs), plant growth promoters (PGPs) and biological control agents (BCAs) on photosynthetic efficiency, canopy vegetation indices and yield of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), an under-utilised nutraceutical crop. The study showed that soaking the seeds in the BCAs Pythium oligandrum and Bacillus subtilis, on their own, had significant effects on the yield of the buckwheat. Increases in chlorophyll a fluorescence indices were observed in plants grown from seeds soaked in a solution containing P. oligandrum (ET0/RC) and also in soil treated with the MSAD UG Max (ABS/RC, TR0/RC). Treatment with either of the two MSADs also increased the normalised differential vegetation index (NDVI). Soaking the seeds in PGPs combined with BCAs affected only the chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, whereas the combined treatment of spraying the plants with PGPs and treating the soil with MSADs affected not only the chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters (FV/FM, ET0/RC, DI0/RC), but also indicated a tendency for a decrease in the leaf area index (LAI) (p = 0.058) and the NDVI (p = 0.186). The correlations between grain yield, chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters and vegetation indices of the canopy were discussed.","PeriodicalId":8904,"journal":{"name":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture","volume":"37 1","pages":"234 - 251"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01448765.2021.1918579","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45320033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-17DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2021.1897676
E. Rembiałkowska, R. Kazimierczak, M. Zupančič, I. Škerbot, Peter Mc Nair, J. Andersen
ABSTRACT A novel method for assessing antimicrobial (AMP), colour retainment (CRP) and slice healing properties (SHP) of cucumber fruit (Cucumis sativus L.) was presented. The fruit was sliced in 15 mm slices, foliated in transparent plastic and placed at 23.5°C in a heating cabinet for 14 days. Subsequently, AMP and CRP were scored on scales of 1–9 and 1–7, respectively, with units of one. SHP was scored as an ‘on/off’ criterion with scores of 1 or 9 (1, the sample broke at one or more slice interfaces when manually held in horizontal position; 9, the slices did not break at any point). Samples with maximum scores for AMP and SHP were re-tested after additional period(s) of 7 days. The data were assessed by linear regression and analyses of variance. Approximately 300 cucumber samples, primarily from Denmark, Poland and Slovenia, were examined. Eight cultivation and production factors (cultivation system, production scale, growing medium, pre-laboratory conditions, fruit morphology, calendar week, producer, country) were examined. The results indicated that samples from the organic and biodynamic producers, from small scale production units, and from soil-based production systems had superior quality characteristics as measured by these parameters. The introduction of the parameter SHP represented an approach to measure vitality, complementing the approaches of measuring degradation represented by the parameters AMP and CRP. With respect to a practical application, the predictive value of the method should be tested relative to the ability of the sample to maintain turgor and taste under post-harvest conditions.
{"title":"A novel method for assessing antimicrobial, colour retainment and slice healing properties of the fruit of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as complementary quality parameters","authors":"E. Rembiałkowska, R. Kazimierczak, M. Zupančič, I. Škerbot, Peter Mc Nair, J. Andersen","doi":"10.1080/01448765.2021.1897676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2021.1897676","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A novel method for assessing antimicrobial (AMP), colour retainment (CRP) and slice healing properties (SHP) of cucumber fruit (Cucumis sativus L.) was presented. The fruit was sliced in 15 mm slices, foliated in transparent plastic and placed at 23.5°C in a heating cabinet for 14 days. Subsequently, AMP and CRP were scored on scales of 1–9 and 1–7, respectively, with units of one. SHP was scored as an ‘on/off’ criterion with scores of 1 or 9 (1, the sample broke at one or more slice interfaces when manually held in horizontal position; 9, the slices did not break at any point). Samples with maximum scores for AMP and SHP were re-tested after additional period(s) of 7 days. The data were assessed by linear regression and analyses of variance. Approximately 300 cucumber samples, primarily from Denmark, Poland and Slovenia, were examined. Eight cultivation and production factors (cultivation system, production scale, growing medium, pre-laboratory conditions, fruit morphology, calendar week, producer, country) were examined. The results indicated that samples from the organic and biodynamic producers, from small scale production units, and from soil-based production systems had superior quality characteristics as measured by these parameters. The introduction of the parameter SHP represented an approach to measure vitality, complementing the approaches of measuring degradation represented by the parameters AMP and CRP. With respect to a practical application, the predictive value of the method should be tested relative to the ability of the sample to maintain turgor and taste under post-harvest conditions.","PeriodicalId":8904,"journal":{"name":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture","volume":"37 1","pages":"213 - 233"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01448765.2021.1897676","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42894237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2021.1891458
J. C. García-Santiago, Carlos Javier Lozano Cavazos, J. A. González-Fuentes, A. Zermeño-González, Emilio Rascón Alvarado, Alfonso Rojas Duarte, P. Preciado-Rangel, E. Troyo-Diéguez, Fidel Maximiano Peña Ramos, L. Valdez-Aguilar, D. Alvarado-Camarillo, José Alfredo Hernández Maruri
ABSTRACT Agriculture needs to supply food for a growing population whilst also minimising the environmental impact, and the adoption of sustainable agriculture systems has been proposed as a solution to achieve this. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of seven fertilisation treatments (FT1-FT6 organic fertilisers, FT7 conventional fertiliser) and two irrigation methods (drenching and non-recirculating subirrigation (NRS)) on plant growth, yield, fruit quality and polyphenol concentrations in grape tomatoes. For plants irrigated by drenching, leaf dry weight (dw), total plant biomass dw, fruit number and total yield were higher in the organic fertilisation treatment FT6 (including fish-derived protein hydrolysate as an N-source), surpassing the conventional treatment (FT7) by 35%, 9%, 21%, and 4% for these parameters, respectively, though the difference was only significant for leaf dw. For plants grown with NRS, the total yield in FT7 was higher than that in any of the organic fertiliser treatments. In the organic treatments FT1, FT3 and FT4 the tomatoes had higher total soluble solids concentrations than the fruit in FT7. With drench irrigation, the concentrations of total hydrolysable polyphenols were highest in FT2, FT5 and FT7, but with NRS, it was highest is FT2. With drenching, the concentration of total condensed polyphenols was highest in FT1, whereas with NRS it was similar in all fertilisation treatments. The results indicated that for the production of grape tomatoes, adding fish-derived protein hydrolysates and using the subirrigation system can help reduce the gap between the yields of organic and conventional systems.
{"title":"Effects of fish-derived protein hydrolysate, animal-based organic fertilisers and irrigation method on the growth and quality of grape tomatoes","authors":"J. C. García-Santiago, Carlos Javier Lozano Cavazos, J. A. González-Fuentes, A. Zermeño-González, Emilio Rascón Alvarado, Alfonso Rojas Duarte, P. Preciado-Rangel, E. Troyo-Diéguez, Fidel Maximiano Peña Ramos, L. Valdez-Aguilar, D. Alvarado-Camarillo, José Alfredo Hernández Maruri","doi":"10.1080/01448765.2021.1891458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2021.1891458","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Agriculture needs to supply food for a growing population whilst also minimising the environmental impact, and the adoption of sustainable agriculture systems has been proposed as a solution to achieve this. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of seven fertilisation treatments (FT1-FT6 organic fertilisers, FT7 conventional fertiliser) and two irrigation methods (drenching and non-recirculating subirrigation (NRS)) on plant growth, yield, fruit quality and polyphenol concentrations in grape tomatoes. For plants irrigated by drenching, leaf dry weight (dw), total plant biomass dw, fruit number and total yield were higher in the organic fertilisation treatment FT6 (including fish-derived protein hydrolysate as an N-source), surpassing the conventional treatment (FT7) by 35%, 9%, 21%, and 4% for these parameters, respectively, though the difference was only significant for leaf dw. For plants grown with NRS, the total yield in FT7 was higher than that in any of the organic fertiliser treatments. In the organic treatments FT1, FT3 and FT4 the tomatoes had higher total soluble solids concentrations than the fruit in FT7. With drench irrigation, the concentrations of total hydrolysable polyphenols were highest in FT2, FT5 and FT7, but with NRS, it was highest is FT2. With drenching, the concentration of total condensed polyphenols was highest in FT1, whereas with NRS it was similar in all fertilisation treatments. The results indicated that for the production of grape tomatoes, adding fish-derived protein hydrolysates and using the subirrigation system can help reduce the gap between the yields of organic and conventional systems.","PeriodicalId":8904,"journal":{"name":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture","volume":"37 1","pages":"107 - 124"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01448765.2021.1891458","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44678837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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