Pub Date : 2023-04-20DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2023.2204332
T. Hazarika, Malsawmkimi
ABSTRACT Intensive use of synthetic fertilisers in fruit crops has resulted in negative impacts on the environment and biodiversity. The use of organic nutrient regimes is regarded as an alternative solution for agricultural sustainability and human health. This case study investigated effects of organic nutrient regimes on soil properties and nutrient status of leaves of Khasi mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) at Mizoram University, Aizawl, India. The experiment included 13 treatments: T1: farm yard manure (FYM); T2: vermicompost (VC); T3: pig manure (PM); T4: mustard oil cake (MOC); T5: FYM +Azospirillum + phosphate solubilising bacteria (PSB) + potash solubilising bacteria (KSB); T6: VC + Azospirillum + PSB + KSB; T7: PM + Azospirillum + PSB + KSB; T8: MOC + Azospirillum + PSB + KSB; T9: FYM + Azotobacter + arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) + KSB; T10: VC + Azotobacter + AMF + KSB; T11: PM + Azotobacter + AMF + KSB; T12: MOC + Azotobacter + AMF + KSB and T13: Control (RDF). The results demonstrated that the application of organic amendments and bio-fertilisers enhanced leaf nutrient status as well soil health parameters. The highest concentrations of total N, K, Fe and Zn in the leaves and concentrations of organic, inorganic and total carbon, total N, available N, K, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn and abundance of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in the soil were recorded with T10. Thus, T10 was considered the most effective in terms of increasing leaf nutrient status and soil physico-chemical properties in the Khasi mandarin production system.
{"title":"Leaf nutrient status and soil properties in Khasi mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) cultivation as influenced by bio-fertiliser enriched organic amendments","authors":"T. Hazarika, Malsawmkimi","doi":"10.1080/01448765.2023.2204332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2023.2204332","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Intensive use of synthetic fertilisers in fruit crops has resulted in negative impacts on the environment and biodiversity. The use of organic nutrient regimes is regarded as an alternative solution for agricultural sustainability and human health. This case study investigated effects of organic nutrient regimes on soil properties and nutrient status of leaves of Khasi mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) at Mizoram University, Aizawl, India. The experiment included 13 treatments: T1: farm yard manure (FYM); T2: vermicompost (VC); T3: pig manure (PM); T4: mustard oil cake (MOC); T5: FYM +Azospirillum + phosphate solubilising bacteria (PSB) + potash solubilising bacteria (KSB); T6: VC + Azospirillum + PSB + KSB; T7: PM + Azospirillum + PSB + KSB; T8: MOC + Azospirillum + PSB + KSB; T9: FYM + Azotobacter + arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) + KSB; T10: VC + Azotobacter + AMF + KSB; T11: PM + Azotobacter + AMF + KSB; T12: MOC + Azotobacter + AMF + KSB and T13: Control (RDF). The results demonstrated that the application of organic amendments and bio-fertilisers enhanced leaf nutrient status as well soil health parameters. The highest concentrations of total N, K, Fe and Zn in the leaves and concentrations of organic, inorganic and total carbon, total N, available N, K, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn and abundance of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in the soil were recorded with T10. Thus, T10 was considered the most effective in terms of increasing leaf nutrient status and soil physico-chemical properties in the Khasi mandarin production system.","PeriodicalId":8904,"journal":{"name":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture","volume":"39 1","pages":"207 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45328416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-09DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2023.2197855
E. Hernández-Suárez, Juan M. Arjona-López, Rositta Rizza, Santiago Perera, F. Siverio, Á. Hervalejo, F. Arenas-Arenas
ABSTRACT Spain is the number one citrus-producing country in the European Union and the sixth worldwide, with more than six million tons of citrus produced annually. Seven biorational insecticides (paraffin oil, azadirachtin, kaolin, garlic extract, orange oil, potassium soap and diatomaceous earth) recommended for control of different pests in organic citrus orchards were evaluated against Trioza erytreae (Del Guercio) in semi-field and field trials. All products affected T. erytreae survival in both types of trials. In the semi-field trial, diatomaceous earth resulted in the highest percentage mortality of T. erytreae nymphs, followed by kaolin, apart from on the final day of assessment when the highest mortality was recorded for paraffin oil, though this effect was not significantly different to that of the other insecticides. In the 2018 field trial, orange oil treatment resulted in the highest mortality rate of T. erytreae nymphs, followed by azadirachtin and garlic extract. This work provides citrus growers with useful information on the effects of several biorational insecticides on T. erytreae under field and semi-field conditions. Overall, the optimal T. erytreae nymph mortality was achieved with diatomaceous earth and orange oil under semi-field and field conditions, respectively.
{"title":"Comparative efficacy of seven biorational insecticides to manage African citrus psyllid (Trioza erytreae) in European organic citriculture","authors":"E. Hernández-Suárez, Juan M. Arjona-López, Rositta Rizza, Santiago Perera, F. Siverio, Á. Hervalejo, F. Arenas-Arenas","doi":"10.1080/01448765.2023.2197855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2023.2197855","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Spain is the number one citrus-producing country in the European Union and the sixth worldwide, with more than six million tons of citrus produced annually. Seven biorational insecticides (paraffin oil, azadirachtin, kaolin, garlic extract, orange oil, potassium soap and diatomaceous earth) recommended for control of different pests in organic citrus orchards were evaluated against Trioza erytreae (Del Guercio) in semi-field and field trials. All products affected T. erytreae survival in both types of trials. In the semi-field trial, diatomaceous earth resulted in the highest percentage mortality of T. erytreae nymphs, followed by kaolin, apart from on the final day of assessment when the highest mortality was recorded for paraffin oil, though this effect was not significantly different to that of the other insecticides. In the 2018 field trial, orange oil treatment resulted in the highest mortality rate of T. erytreae nymphs, followed by azadirachtin and garlic extract. This work provides citrus growers with useful information on the effects of several biorational insecticides on T. erytreae under field and semi-field conditions. Overall, the optimal T. erytreae nymph mortality was achieved with diatomaceous earth and orange oil under semi-field and field conditions, respectively.","PeriodicalId":8904,"journal":{"name":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture","volume":"39 1","pages":"194 - 206"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45897070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2023.2194284
J. Barros, M. Cavalcante, J. G. D. Costa, Márcio Aurélio Lins Ds Santos
ABSTRACT In semiarid regions, water deficit can be a problem affecting agricultural production. Agrofilm mulches can be used to reduce soil water evaporation as well as to control weeds. The SoilTain DW® geotextile blanket, which is a solid waste material generated in water treatment plants, has the potential to be used for mulching in agriculture. The aim of this study was to evaluate the technical feasibility of using this geotextile waste material as an alternative to different agrofilms for mulching in lettuce under the semiarid conditions of the state of Alagoas, Brazil. Four experiments were carried out in 2020–2021, each with four mulching treatments (white and black polyethylene, geotextile blanket, uncovered soil). Soil surface temperature, plant density, weeds and biometric parameters of the lettuce were assessed and evaluated by univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. Significant treatments × experimental period interactions for all lettuce parameters were observed, except for root biomass. Experiment 2 (winter) presented the most favourable environmental conditions for plant development (mild temperatures) and resulted in an average yield of 25.0 Mg ha−1. In Experiment 1 (autumn/winter), high temperatures (47.9°C) under the black polyethylene reduced plant density (96,800 plants ha−1), though leaf length (16.2 cm) and yield (13.1 Mg ha−1) were not significantly affected. The two canonical variables explained 97.7% of the total variation, forming three similarity groups by Tocher method. All mulches effectively controlled the weeds. Application of the geotextile blanket was concluded to be technically feasible, but it was not recommended for use in the summer when temperatures are high.
{"title":"Technical feasibility of using a geotextile waste material as an alternative to agrofilm for mulching in lettuce","authors":"J. Barros, M. Cavalcante, J. G. D. Costa, Márcio Aurélio Lins Ds Santos","doi":"10.1080/01448765.2023.2194284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2023.2194284","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In semiarid regions, water deficit can be a problem affecting agricultural production. Agrofilm mulches can be used to reduce soil water evaporation as well as to control weeds. The SoilTain DW® geotextile blanket, which is a solid waste material generated in water treatment plants, has the potential to be used for mulching in agriculture. The aim of this study was to evaluate the technical feasibility of using this geotextile waste material as an alternative to different agrofilms for mulching in lettuce under the semiarid conditions of the state of Alagoas, Brazil. Four experiments were carried out in 2020–2021, each with four mulching treatments (white and black polyethylene, geotextile blanket, uncovered soil). Soil surface temperature, plant density, weeds and biometric parameters of the lettuce were assessed and evaluated by univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. Significant treatments × experimental period interactions for all lettuce parameters were observed, except for root biomass. Experiment 2 (winter) presented the most favourable environmental conditions for plant development (mild temperatures) and resulted in an average yield of 25.0 Mg ha−1. In Experiment 1 (autumn/winter), high temperatures (47.9°C) under the black polyethylene reduced plant density (96,800 plants ha−1), though leaf length (16.2 cm) and yield (13.1 Mg ha−1) were not significantly affected. The two canonical variables explained 97.7% of the total variation, forming three similarity groups by Tocher method. All mulches effectively controlled the weeds. Application of the geotextile blanket was concluded to be technically feasible, but it was not recommended for use in the summer when temperatures are high.","PeriodicalId":8904,"journal":{"name":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture","volume":"39 1","pages":"183 - 193"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47963593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-23DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2023.2182233
Adi Bejo Suwardi, Z. I. Navia, A. Mubarak, Mardudi Mardudi
ABSTRACT Home gardens are traditional agroforestry systems that promote plant diversity and ecosystem services while also having direct and positive impacts on human livelihoods. Even though home gardens are considered biodiversity hotspots and have recently been recognised as essential for their role in tropical biodiversity conservation, the benefits of ecosystem services provided by home gardens are understudied. This study investigated plant diversity and ecosystem services in tropical home gardens in the Aceh Timur region of Indonesia. Data was collected from 180 home gardens in 12 villages and recorded 173 plant species associated with 16 ecosystem services. The majority of the cultivated plants were fruit and vegetable plants, which played an important role in supporting food security and household income. Home gardens, with their plant species diversity and ecosystem services, played an important role in biodiversity conservation. Home gardens were important not only for improving household livelihoods, but also for the conservation of plant genetic resources and nearby protected forests.
{"title":"Diversity of home garden plants and their contribution to promoting sustainable livelihoods for local communities living near Serbajadi protected forest in Aceh Timur region, Indonesia","authors":"Adi Bejo Suwardi, Z. I. Navia, A. Mubarak, Mardudi Mardudi","doi":"10.1080/01448765.2023.2182233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2023.2182233","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Home gardens are traditional agroforestry systems that promote plant diversity and ecosystem services while also having direct and positive impacts on human livelihoods. Even though home gardens are considered biodiversity hotspots and have recently been recognised as essential for their role in tropical biodiversity conservation, the benefits of ecosystem services provided by home gardens are understudied. This study investigated plant diversity and ecosystem services in tropical home gardens in the Aceh Timur region of Indonesia. Data was collected from 180 home gardens in 12 villages and recorded 173 plant species associated with 16 ecosystem services. The majority of the cultivated plants were fruit and vegetable plants, which played an important role in supporting food security and household income. Home gardens, with their plant species diversity and ecosystem services, played an important role in biodiversity conservation. Home gardens were important not only for improving household livelihoods, but also for the conservation of plant genetic resources and nearby protected forests.","PeriodicalId":8904,"journal":{"name":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture","volume":"39 1","pages":"170 - 182"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41648707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-19DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2023.2179940
S. Landi, G. Valboa, N. Vignozzi, G. d’Errico, S. Pellegrini, S. Simoncini, G. Torrini, P. Roversi, S. Priori
ABSTRACT Inappropriate land preparation before vineyard establishment can lead to soil degradation and vine health issues, with consequent reductions in the quantity and quality of the grapes. In the present short-term trial, the effects of dry mulching, green manure and compost treatments were evaluated as restoration strategies to enhance soil functionality in degraded vineyard areas at two Tuscan farms that had been under organic management for different lengths of time. Soil nematode community, soil physical and chemical properties were monitored as indicators of soil quality. The restoration treatments scarcely affected soil chemical or physical qualities; only the compost application increased soil total organic carbon (TOC). Bacterial feeder nematodes increased under dry mulching in response to the organic carbon inputs on the farm in conversion. Plant-parasitic nematodes decreased only after the first year of the restoration treatments and predators decreased during all 3 years. Nematode indicators showed only a few differences between the different management regimes; the diversity weighted abundance expressed as biomass indicated that the restoration practices sometimes represented a disturbing factor in ecosystem services regulation. The abundance of nematode taxa was differently affected by soil physico-chemical properties. On the farm that had been managed organically for longer, the higher proportion of large sized stable aggregates and greater soil porosity benefitted large nematodes such as predators, while the higher moisture levels were unfavourable for some plant-parasitic nematodes. However, on the farm still in conversion, increases in TOC and C/N ratio values were associated with a reduction in plant-parasitic nematodes.
{"title":"Response of nematode community structure to different restoration practices in two vineyard soils in Tuscany (Italy)","authors":"S. Landi, G. Valboa, N. Vignozzi, G. d’Errico, S. Pellegrini, S. Simoncini, G. Torrini, P. Roversi, S. Priori","doi":"10.1080/01448765.2023.2179940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2023.2179940","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Inappropriate land preparation before vineyard establishment can lead to soil degradation and vine health issues, with consequent reductions in the quantity and quality of the grapes. In the present short-term trial, the effects of dry mulching, green manure and compost treatments were evaluated as restoration strategies to enhance soil functionality in degraded vineyard areas at two Tuscan farms that had been under organic management for different lengths of time. Soil nematode community, soil physical and chemical properties were monitored as indicators of soil quality. The restoration treatments scarcely affected soil chemical or physical qualities; only the compost application increased soil total organic carbon (TOC). Bacterial feeder nematodes increased under dry mulching in response to the organic carbon inputs on the farm in conversion. Plant-parasitic nematodes decreased only after the first year of the restoration treatments and predators decreased during all 3 years. Nematode indicators showed only a few differences between the different management regimes; the diversity weighted abundance expressed as biomass indicated that the restoration practices sometimes represented a disturbing factor in ecosystem services regulation. The abundance of nematode taxa was differently affected by soil physico-chemical properties. On the farm that had been managed organically for longer, the higher proportion of large sized stable aggregates and greater soil porosity benefitted large nematodes such as predators, while the higher moisture levels were unfavourable for some plant-parasitic nematodes. However, on the farm still in conversion, increases in TOC and C/N ratio values were associated with a reduction in plant-parasitic nematodes.","PeriodicalId":8904,"journal":{"name":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture","volume":"39 1","pages":"149 - 169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42291062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-06DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2023.2172691
Roma Kalhor Monfared, M. Ardakani, F. Paknejad, Mansour Sarajuqi, H. Naghdi Badi
ABSTRACT Intercropping is an ecological friendly technique that can increase sustainability of farming systems, whilst considered as low input systems. This 2-year (2018–2019) study aimed to assess the quality and quantity of forage production in intercropping systems with different densities of forage turnip and basil plants and with application of vermicompost and biochar. The treatments were: 100% forage turnip (monoculture); 90% forage turnip + 10% basil; 80% forage turnip + 20% basil; 70% forage turnip + 30% basil applied in main plots, and two vermicompost levels (15 and 18.5 t ha−1) and two biochar levels (0 and 5 t ha−1) applied in subplots. The highest dry matter yield, water-soluble carbohydrates, crude protein, digestibility of dry matter of leaf and root biomass parts of the turnip were recorded in the treatment with 70% forage turnip + 30% basil × vermicompost (18.5 t ha−1) × biochar. This treatment increased crude protein of the above-ground foliage (by 94.6%) and the root (by 87.5%) of the forage turnip, compared with monoculture. The highest acid detergent fibre and neutral detergent fibre were recorded in monoculture × vermicompost 18.5 t ha−1 × biochar and the highest ash was recorded in 80% forage turnip + 20% basil × vermicompost 18.5 t ha−1 × biochar. Intercropping forage turnip and basil with biochar and vermicompost at 18.5 t ha−1 was preferable to monoculture with vermicompost at 15 t ha−1. Intercropping turnip and basil with application of biochar and vermicompost can be suggested to farmers as an alternative to monoculture.
摘要间作是一种生态友好的技术，可以提高农业系统的可持续性，同时被认为是低投入系统。这项为期2年（2018–2019）的研究旨在评估不同密度饲草萝卜和罗勒植物以及施用蚯蚓堆肥和生物炭的间作系统中饲草生产的质量和数量。处理为：100%饲草萝卜（单作）；90%的饲料萝卜+10%的罗勒；80%的饲料萝卜+20%的罗勒；在主地块施用70%的饲料萝卜+30%的罗勒，在子地块施用两个蚯蚓堆肥水平（15和18.5 t ha−1）和两个生物炭水平（0和5 t ha−2）。以70%饲料萝卜+30%罗勒×蚯蚓堆肥（18.5 t ha−1）×生物炭处理，萝卜干物质产量、水溶性碳水化合物、粗蛋白、叶干物质和根干物质生物量的消化率最高。与单一栽培相比，该处理使地上叶和根的粗蛋白质含量增加了94.6%。酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维最高的是单一栽培×蚯蚓堆肥18.5 t ha−1×生物炭，灰分最高的是80%的饲料萝卜+20%的罗勒×蚯蚓堆肥185t ha−2×生物炭。将饲料芜菁和罗勒与生物炭和蚯蚓堆肥以18.5 t ha−1的量进行间作，比单独种植蚯蚓堆肥以15 t ha−2的量更可取。可以向农民建议，将萝卜和罗勒与生物炭和蚯蚓堆肥相互种植，作为单一种植的替代方案。
{"title":"Effects of intercropping forage turnip (Brassica rapa L.) and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and applying vermicompost and biochar as soil amendments on quality and quantity of the forage turnip crop","authors":"Roma Kalhor Monfared, M. Ardakani, F. Paknejad, Mansour Sarajuqi, H. Naghdi Badi","doi":"10.1080/01448765.2023.2172691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2023.2172691","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Intercropping is an ecological friendly technique that can increase sustainability of farming systems, whilst considered as low input systems. This 2-year (2018–2019) study aimed to assess the quality and quantity of forage production in intercropping systems with different densities of forage turnip and basil plants and with application of vermicompost and biochar. The treatments were: 100% forage turnip (monoculture); 90% forage turnip + 10% basil; 80% forage turnip + 20% basil; 70% forage turnip + 30% basil applied in main plots, and two vermicompost levels (15 and 18.5 t ha−1) and two biochar levels (0 and 5 t ha−1) applied in subplots. The highest dry matter yield, water-soluble carbohydrates, crude protein, digestibility of dry matter of leaf and root biomass parts of the turnip were recorded in the treatment with 70% forage turnip + 30% basil × vermicompost (18.5 t ha−1) × biochar. This treatment increased crude protein of the above-ground foliage (by 94.6%) and the root (by 87.5%) of the forage turnip, compared with monoculture. The highest acid detergent fibre and neutral detergent fibre were recorded in monoculture × vermicompost 18.5 t ha−1 × biochar and the highest ash was recorded in 80% forage turnip + 20% basil × vermicompost 18.5 t ha−1 × biochar. Intercropping forage turnip and basil with biochar and vermicompost at 18.5 t ha−1 was preferable to monoculture with vermicompost at 15 t ha−1. Intercropping turnip and basil with application of biochar and vermicompost can be suggested to farmers as an alternative to monoculture.","PeriodicalId":8904,"journal":{"name":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture","volume":"39 1","pages":"129 - 147"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49618892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-26DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2022.2135137
Talita S Kutz, Jéssica Cardoso, L. G. Woyann, A. Abboud, T. Finatto, T. Vargas
ABSTRACT Genetic variability is crucial for the choice of genitors in any plant breeding programme. Open-pollinated tomato varieties (OPV) present particular and little explored characteristics that can be used in breeding for organic production. This study aimed to characterise the morphological and molecular variability of seventeen OPVs grown under organic management, using morphological descriptors and SSR-type molecular markers. The experiment was conducted under field conditions, in a randomised complete block design, with four replications. Morphological characterisation was performed of 35 descriptors of the fruit and plants and by physical-chemical analyses of the fruit. Furthermore, the molecular variability of the OPVs was analysed using 20 SSR molecular markers. In the characterisation of fruit quality, 85.03% of the variability was composed of the chromatic descriptors b* (44.43%) and L* (7.21%), together with the width of pedicel scar (16.78%), number locules (8.59%), and fruit length (8.02%). The average similarity of genotypes obtained from the polymorphic SSR fragments was 0.59. The evaluated genotypes presented genetic variability to facilitate crosses focused on tomato breeding programmes for organic agriculture. Crosses including the yellow-orange-coloured genotypes, BGT_3 and BGT _1, could be explored for market niches such as for the gourmet type.
{"title":"Morphological and molecular characterisation of tomato accessions for breeding for organic farming systems in Brazil","authors":"Talita S Kutz, Jéssica Cardoso, L. G. Woyann, A. Abboud, T. Finatto, T. Vargas","doi":"10.1080/01448765.2022.2135137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2022.2135137","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Genetic variability is crucial for the choice of genitors in any plant breeding programme. Open-pollinated tomato varieties (OPV) present particular and little explored characteristics that can be used in breeding for organic production. This study aimed to characterise the morphological and molecular variability of seventeen OPVs grown under organic management, using morphological descriptors and SSR-type molecular markers. The experiment was conducted under field conditions, in a randomised complete block design, with four replications. Morphological characterisation was performed of 35 descriptors of the fruit and plants and by physical-chemical analyses of the fruit. Furthermore, the molecular variability of the OPVs was analysed using 20 SSR molecular markers. In the characterisation of fruit quality, 85.03% of the variability was composed of the chromatic descriptors b* (44.43%) and L* (7.21%), together with the width of pedicel scar (16.78%), number locules (8.59%), and fruit length (8.02%). The average similarity of genotypes obtained from the polymorphic SSR fragments was 0.59. The evaluated genotypes presented genetic variability to facilitate crosses focused on tomato breeding programmes for organic agriculture. Crosses including the yellow-orange-coloured genotypes, BGT_3 and BGT _1, could be explored for market niches such as for the gourmet type.","PeriodicalId":8904,"journal":{"name":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture","volume":"39 1","pages":"115 - 128"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41870109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-27DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2022.2126328
R. Filimon, L. Rotaru, V. Filimon
ABSTRACT The use of interspecific grapevine cultivars offers new perspectives for sustainable viticulture. Although the application of exogenous plant hormones has become widespread in recent years, data regarding the response of interspecific grapevine cultivars to treatments with biostimulants are scarce. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of different doses of gibberellic acid (GA3) (25, 50 and 100 mg L−1), applied by spraying the inflorescences in the late flowering phenophase, and of the complex product Cropmax® (1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mL L−1) applied by spraying the leaves in three different phenophases, on the phenology, fertility, physiological characteristics, grape yield and quality of the interspecific table grape cultivar Moldova (Guzal kara × Seyve-Villard 12-375), growing in temperate climate conditions (N-E Romania). The application of GA3 at 50 mg L−1 increased the plant productivity (36%), promoted fruit growth and rachis elongation, improved the percentage of the marketable yield (by 5.5%), balanced the sugar/acidity ratio, but affected the synthesis of phenolic compounds. Foliar application of Cropmax® at 2.5 mL L−1 significantly improved the berry diameter, and sugar and anthocyanin accumulation, but grape acidity remained high. All treatments allowed the normal development of plant phenophases and grape maturation, but GA3 application slightly extended the number of days of the annual biological cycle of the Moldova hybrid cultivar (up to 5.5 days), probably due to a temporary variation in the physiological parameters (except for stomatal conductance), as determined in mature leaves after the application of the exogenous growth regulator.
种间葡萄品种的利用为可持续葡萄栽培提供了新的前景。尽管近年来外源植物激素的应用越来越广泛，但关于种间葡萄品种对生物刺激素处理的反应的数据却很少。本研究的目的是评价不同剂量的赤霉素酸(GA3)(25、50和100 mg L−1)在开花后期的花序上喷施，以及复合产品Cropmax®(1.0、2.5和5.0 mL L−1)在三个不同物候期的叶片上喷施对种间食用葡萄品种Moldova (Guzal kara × Seyve-Villard 12-375)的物候、育性、生理特性、葡萄产量和品质的影响。生长在温带气候条件下(罗马尼亚东北)。施用50mg L−1的GA3可提高植株生产力(36%)，促进果实生长和轴伸长，提高市场产量(5.5%)，平衡糖酸比，但影响酚类化合物的合成。叶面施用2.5 mL L−1的Cropmax®显著提高了果实直径、糖和花青素的积累，但葡萄酸度仍然很高。所有处理都允许植物物候期的正常发育和葡萄成熟，但GA3的施用略微延长了摩尔多瓦杂交品种的年生物周期的天数(高达5.5天)，这可能是由于施用外源生长调节剂后成熟叶片的生理参数(气孔导度除外)的暂时变化。
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Pub Date : 2022-09-20DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2022.2124884
C. Constancis, F. Hellec, N. Bareille, M. Vaarst
ABSTRACT The rearing of dairy calves, whether in conventional or organic farming, is questioned in society, particularly due to its lack of naturalness caused by the limited contact between age groups. Foster cow systems, where foster cows stay with calves in low-input pasture-based systems, have been implemented in France since 2010. The aims of this study were to explain farmers’ motivations for establishing their cow-calf contact systems and to describe the ways in which they have implemented them, in terms of daily practice and as part of their organic dairy farm. A documented investigation of the introduction of these rearing systems in France was carried out. In addition, individual semi-structured interviews were conducted between January and March 2019 on 20 organic farms that had implemented this practice. Farmers’ perceptions of the practice were explored through content analysis of the interview responses. Calves were separated from their dam after an average of 4.5 days. The bonding phase was conducted by leaving them together for 2–7 days in small bonding pens. Weaning and separation took place either simultaneously or gradually, between the age of 4–10 months. The farmers perceived these systems as working very well and being easy to implement on grazing-based farms, as well as ensuring good profitability and working conditions. According to the farmers, the calves appeared to have high growth rates and good health status, enabling the first calving at a younger age. These rearing systems seemed to be compatible with an agroecological transition.
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Pub Date : 2022-09-19DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2022.2119889
N. Quander-Stoll, David Bautze, W. Zollitsch, F. Leiber, B. Früh
ABSTRACT In organic pig production, one important aim is to achieve 100% organic feeding. This generates the challenge of achieving adequate protein quality in pig feed. Until 31st December 2021, the protein quality in organic pig feed in Europe was improved by using 5% conventional components, mainly potato protein. To investigate the effects of 100% organic feeding on growth performance, meat and fat quality in pigs, a total of 700 fattening pigs were studied in an on-farm feeding trial. The 95% organic diet fed on each farm served as the control diet (CON) and a 100% organic diet with higher proportions of soybean cake and grain legumes was used as the experimental diet (ORG). ORG-fed animals had slightly lower daily weight gains, lower carcass weight, and significantly higher iodine and PUFA values in the backfat. The feeding trial showed that the 100% organic diet led to a slightly deficient dietary amino acid profile and thus to slightly lower performance in a few traits. However, the implementation of consistent 100% organic feeding was considered valuable for organic farming even with the lower performance and change in meat and fat quality of the organic pigs.
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