Pub Date : 2022-09-08DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2022.2113562
Marta Balsells-Llauradó, N. Vall-llaura, J. Usall, C. Casals, N. Teixidó, R. Torres
ABSTRACT Abiotic factors such as light influence the physicochemical properties of fruit and may alter the response of the fruit to the environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two postharvest storage conditions on the overall quality and natural fungal disease incidence (fruit decay) of organic nectarines. Experiments were conducted with four organically grown nectarine cultivars (two early-mid season and two late-season) that were unbagged or bagged during preharvest. After harvest, they were stored for 7–9 days in darkness or under a treatment with lighting. Quality parameters (weight, diameter, firmness, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, and single index of absorbance difference), ethylene production, and fruit decay (% incidence of decay) were evaluated. Preharvest bagging reduced fruit decay in the late-season cultivars, for which storage under darkness reduced fungal decay (up to 100%) more than storage under lighting treatment (47% reduction). Bagging altered the initial fruit quality, but values were within official recommendations. Storage conditions reduced differences attributed to bagging, especially under storage with lighting. This work highlighted the importance of modulating the light, both in the field by fruit bagging and during postharvest, to reduce fruit decay and improve fruit quality. These results may serve as a tool for both farmers and postharvest chain managers.
{"title":"Impact of fruit bagging and postharvest storage conditions on quality and decay of organic nectarines","authors":"Marta Balsells-Llauradó, N. Vall-llaura, J. Usall, C. Casals, N. Teixidó, R. Torres","doi":"10.1080/01448765.2022.2113562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2022.2113562","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Abiotic factors such as light influence the physicochemical properties of fruit and may alter the response of the fruit to the environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two postharvest storage conditions on the overall quality and natural fungal disease incidence (fruit decay) of organic nectarines. Experiments were conducted with four organically grown nectarine cultivars (two early-mid season and two late-season) that were unbagged or bagged during preharvest. After harvest, they were stored for 7–9 days in darkness or under a treatment with lighting. Quality parameters (weight, diameter, firmness, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, and single index of absorbance difference), ethylene production, and fruit decay (% incidence of decay) were evaluated. Preharvest bagging reduced fruit decay in the late-season cultivars, for which storage under darkness reduced fungal decay (up to 100%) more than storage under lighting treatment (47% reduction). Bagging altered the initial fruit quality, but values were within official recommendations. Storage conditions reduced differences attributed to bagging, especially under storage with lighting. This work highlighted the importance of modulating the light, both in the field by fruit bagging and during postharvest, to reduce fruit decay and improve fruit quality. These results may serve as a tool for both farmers and postharvest chain managers.","PeriodicalId":8904,"journal":{"name":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture","volume":"39 1","pages":"36 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48610557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-29DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2022.2116729
C. Mbah, C. Njoku
ABSTRACT Indigenous crops play a critical role in the socioeconomic growth of developing nations where there have been calls for exploitation of these staple crops. This study investigated the yield and heavy metal uptake of cocoyam and changes in soil physical properties in relation to different tillage practices and the application of burnt rice husk dust (BRHD). The experiment was arranged as a split plot in a randomised complete block design (RCBD) with six treatments and three replications. The treatments were: mound tillage (no BRHD); ridge tillage (no BRHD); mound + 10 t ha−1 BRHD; mound + 20 t ha−1 BRHD; ridge + 10 t ha−1 BRHD and ridge + 20 t ha−1 BRHD. The results showed that soil bulk density (at 45 days after planting, DAP) was lower when the tillage practices were combined with the amendment of burnt rice husk dust, while total porosity (at 45 DAP) and aggregate stability were higher. The yields of cocoyam corms were also higher for tillage practices combined with amendment with burnt rice husk dust. The concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn) in the cocoyam corms were higher for plants grown in soil amended with BRHD, but the levels were still below the levels considered harmful in food crops. Burnt rice husk dust could be recommended for use as a soil amendment in the study area to improve soil properties and increase the production of cocoyam, without increasing the concentration of heavy metals in the corms to harmful levels.
本土作物在发展中国家的社会经济增长中起着至关重要的作用，发展中国家一直呼吁开发利用这些主要作物。研究了不同耕作方式和施用烧稻壳粉对椰子树产量、重金属吸收及土壤物理性状的影响。试验采用随机完全区组设计(RCBD)，分为分割图，6个处理，3个重复。处理方法为:土墩耕作(无BRHD);垄作(无BRHD);土墩+ 10 t ha−1 BRHD;土墩+ 20 t ha−1 BRHD;山脊+ 10 t ha−1 BRHD和山脊+ 20 t ha−1 BRHD。结果表明:在种植后45 d，土壤容重(DAP)较低，而总孔隙度(45 DAP)和团聚体稳定性较高;与烧谷壳粉改良相结合的耕作方式也能提高椰子树的产量。在BRHD改良土壤中种植的椰子树球茎中重金属(Cu、Fe、Pb和Zn)浓度较高，但仍低于粮食作物中被认为有害的水平。在研究区，可推荐使用稻壳粉作为土壤改进剂，改善土壤性质，提高椰子产量，而不会使籽粒重金属浓度增加到有害水平。
{"title":"Yields and heavy metal uptake of cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) and effects on soil properties of different tillage practices and application of burnt rice husk dust in Abakaliki, south-east Nigeria","authors":"C. Mbah, C. Njoku","doi":"10.1080/01448765.2022.2116729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2022.2116729","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Indigenous crops play a critical role in the socioeconomic growth of developing nations where there have been calls for exploitation of these staple crops. This study investigated the yield and heavy metal uptake of cocoyam and changes in soil physical properties in relation to different tillage practices and the application of burnt rice husk dust (BRHD). The experiment was arranged as a split plot in a randomised complete block design (RCBD) with six treatments and three replications. The treatments were: mound tillage (no BRHD); ridge tillage (no BRHD); mound + 10 t ha−1 BRHD; mound + 20 t ha−1 BRHD; ridge + 10 t ha−1 BRHD and ridge + 20 t ha−1 BRHD. The results showed that soil bulk density (at 45 days after planting, DAP) was lower when the tillage practices were combined with the amendment of burnt rice husk dust, while total porosity (at 45 DAP) and aggregate stability were higher. The yields of cocoyam corms were also higher for tillage practices combined with amendment with burnt rice husk dust. The concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn) in the cocoyam corms were higher for plants grown in soil amended with BRHD, but the levels were still below the levels considered harmful in food crops. Burnt rice husk dust could be recommended for use as a soil amendment in the study area to improve soil properties and increase the production of cocoyam, without increasing the concentration of heavy metals in the corms to harmful levels.","PeriodicalId":8904,"journal":{"name":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture","volume":"39 1","pages":"62 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45363642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-24DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2022.2115399
J. Tomar, Pawan Kumar, A. K. Gupta, R. Kaushal, H. Mehta
ABSTRACT The study investigated the potential of aromatic-grass-based agroforestry systems to rehabilitate degraded land in the north-western Himalayas. Five treatments; sole lemon grass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) (LG), sole java grass sole (Cymbopogon winterianus) (JG), lemon grass + Morus alba (LG + M), java grass + M. alba (JG + M) and sole M. alba (M) were planted in a randomised block design and the systems were evaluated in terms of plant and tree growth and yields over three years and effects on soil quality characteristics. Considering the 3-year averages, the highest survival rate of the grass (95%) was recorded in sole lemon grass, while the highest plant height (117 cm), number of tillers clump −1 (67), clump diameter (104 cm), fresh biomass (179 Mg ha−1), dry biomass (60 Mg ha−1) and oil yield (89 kg ha−1) of the grass were recorded for the lemon grass + M. alba treatment. The highest total fresh root weight (128.7 g clump−1) and number of total roots (511.7 clump−1) were recorded under sole lemon grass and for lateral root spread (78.8 cm) was recorded under sole java grass. The highest soil organic carbon and potassium concentrations were recorded in sole M. alba. The treatment with sole M. alba was recorded to have the highest values for the soil biological properties followed by the treatments with lemon grass.
摘要:本研究探讨了以芳香草为基础的农林业系统在恢复喜马拉雅西北部退化土地方面的潜力。五个治疗;采用随机区组设计种植柠檬底草(Cymbopogon flexuosus) (LG)、爪哇底草(Cymbopogon winterianus) (JG)、柠檬底草+白桑(LG + M)、爪哇底草+白草(JG + M)和白草底草(M)，并对3年植物和树木的生长和产量以及对土壤质量特征的影响进行了评估。从3年平均值来看，单片柠檬草的成活率最高(95%)，而柠檬草+白刺草处理的草株高最高(117 cm)，分蘖数最高(67个)，茎丛直径最高(104 cm)，鲜生物量最高(179 Mg ha−1)，干生物量最高(60 Mg ha−1)，产油量最高(89 kg ha−1)。鲜根总重(128.7 g g - 1)和总根数(511.7 g - 1)以柠檬底草和爪哇底草分别最高(78.8 cm)。土壤有机碳和钾含量以白底鳎最高。结果表明，单叶白藻处理的土壤生物学性能最高，其次是柠檬草处理。
{"title":"Performance of two aromatic grasses grown in association with mulberry trees on degraded land in the north-western Himalayan foothills","authors":"J. Tomar, Pawan Kumar, A. K. Gupta, R. Kaushal, H. Mehta","doi":"10.1080/01448765.2022.2115399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2022.2115399","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The study investigated the potential of aromatic-grass-based agroforestry systems to rehabilitate degraded land in the north-western Himalayas. Five treatments; sole lemon grass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) (LG), sole java grass sole (Cymbopogon winterianus) (JG), lemon grass + Morus alba (LG + M), java grass + M. alba (JG + M) and sole M. alba (M) were planted in a randomised block design and the systems were evaluated in terms of plant and tree growth and yields over three years and effects on soil quality characteristics. Considering the 3-year averages, the highest survival rate of the grass (95%) was recorded in sole lemon grass, while the highest plant height (117 cm), number of tillers clump −1 (67), clump diameter (104 cm), fresh biomass (179 Mg ha−1), dry biomass (60 Mg ha−1) and oil yield (89 kg ha−1) of the grass were recorded for the lemon grass + M. alba treatment. The highest total fresh root weight (128.7 g clump−1) and number of total roots (511.7 clump−1) were recorded under sole lemon grass and for lateral root spread (78.8 cm) was recorded under sole java grass. The highest soil organic carbon and potassium concentrations were recorded in sole M. alba. The treatment with sole M. alba was recorded to have the highest values for the soil biological properties followed by the treatments with lemon grass.","PeriodicalId":8904,"journal":{"name":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture","volume":"39 1","pages":"51 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45016984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-22DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2022.2091473
A. López-Fabal, N. López-López
ABSTRACT The demand for peat-free organic growing media has increased and green compost provide an attractive option within a circular economy. To take advantage of the inherent nutrient content, the nutrient dynamics need to be carefully considered when evaluating the agronomic potential of compost for organic production. In this study, the use of compost made from gorse (Ulex europaeus L.) was evaluated as a substrate for organic production of strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa Duch ‘Selva’), focusing particularly on the availability of nutrients. Two gorse composts were used, gorse composted with poultry manure (5% v/v) (PM100) and gorse composted on its own without manure (PM0). The composts were assessed in their original form and in formulations containing different proportions of each. A fertilised standard peat-based substrate was used as control. Both PM0 and PM100 exhibited acceptable physical properties and contained high concentrations of major nutrients (particularly PM100). The nutrient concentrations in the solutions from the different formulations decreased gradually during the growth of the crop, particularly N and K. Concentrations of N and chlorophyll levels were lower in plants grown in gorse compost formulations than in those grown in the control. There were, however, no substantial differences in fruit size or overall yield. The above-ground biomass in the compost-grown plants increased with increased proportions of PM100, but it was greater in the control plants. The gorse composts were recommended as effective peat substitutes for strawberry cultivation, although supplementary fertiliser should be applied at fruit production stage to ensure optimal production.
摘要对无泥炭有机种植基质的需求增加了，绿色堆肥在循环经济中提供了一个有吸引力的选择。为了利用固有的营养成分，在评估堆肥用于有机生产的农艺潜力时，需要仔细考虑营养动态。在本研究中，对金雀花（Ulex europaeus L.）制成的堆肥作为有机生产草莓（Fragaria x ananassa Duch‘Selva’）的基质的使用进行了评估，特别关注营养物质的可用性。使用了两种金雀花堆肥，一种是用家禽粪便（5%v/v）堆肥的金雀花（PM100），另一种是不用粪便单独堆肥的金鹅花（PM0）。堆肥以其原始形式和含有不同比例的配方进行评估。使用施肥的标准泥炭基质作为对照。PM0和PM100都表现出可接受的物理特性，并含有高浓度的主要营养物质（尤其是PM100）。在作物生长过程中，不同配方的溶液中的营养素浓度逐渐降低，特别是N和K。在金雀花堆肥配方中生长的植物中，N和叶绿素水平的浓度低于对照。然而，果实大小或总产量没有实质性差异。堆肥植物中的地上生物量随着PM100比例的增加而增加，但对照植物中的生物量更大。金雀花堆肥被推荐为草莓种植的有效泥炭替代品，尽管在水果生产阶段应施用补充肥料以确保最佳产量。
{"title":"Using gorse compost as a peat-free growing substrate for organic strawberry production","authors":"A. López-Fabal, N. López-López","doi":"10.1080/01448765.2022.2091473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2022.2091473","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The demand for peat-free organic growing media has increased and green compost provide an attractive option within a circular economy. To take advantage of the inherent nutrient content, the nutrient dynamics need to be carefully considered when evaluating the agronomic potential of compost for organic production. In this study, the use of compost made from gorse (Ulex europaeus L.) was evaluated as a substrate for organic production of strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa Duch ‘Selva’), focusing particularly on the availability of nutrients. Two gorse composts were used, gorse composted with poultry manure (5% v/v) (PM100) and gorse composted on its own without manure (PM0). The composts were assessed in their original form and in formulations containing different proportions of each. A fertilised standard peat-based substrate was used as control. Both PM0 and PM100 exhibited acceptable physical properties and contained high concentrations of major nutrients (particularly PM100). The nutrient concentrations in the solutions from the different formulations decreased gradually during the growth of the crop, particularly N and K. Concentrations of N and chlorophyll levels were lower in plants grown in gorse compost formulations than in those grown in the control. There were, however, no substantial differences in fruit size or overall yield. The above-ground biomass in the compost-grown plants increased with increased proportions of PM100, but it was greater in the control plants. The gorse composts were recommended as effective peat substitutes for strawberry cultivation, although supplementary fertiliser should be applied at fruit production stage to ensure optimal production.","PeriodicalId":8904,"journal":{"name":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture","volume":"39 1","pages":"19 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42488779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-05DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2022.2076611
Monireh Zandi, S. Khalesro, Z. Sharifi
ABSTRACT Legume-based intercropping systems have been proposed as sustainable and eco-friendly systems with potential to improve crop production and soil fertility. A field experiment was conducted in two growing seasons (2017 and 2018) to determine optimal intercropping patterns of ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) to increase yield and quality of the ajowan and to improve soil properties. The treatments evaluated in this study were sole cropping of ajowan (A) and fenugreek (F), replacement intercropping series of A:F (1:1, 4:4, 3:1, and 1:3 ratios) and additive intercropping series of A:F (100:12.5, 100:25, 100:37.5, 100:50, 100:62.5, 100:75, and 100:87.5 ratios). The results showed that the highest biological yield (4172.7 kg ha−1), seed yield (1009.7 kg ha−1), and essential oil yield (42.0 kg ha−1) of ajowan were obtained in the additive pattern A:F 100:25. The highest concentrations of thymol and γ-terpinene, the major chemical components of ajowan essential oil, were recorded for the A:F 100:25 intercropping pattern. Total LER and ATER indices were above one in all of the intercropping patterns. The concentrations of soil total organic carbon (TOC) and nitrogen (TON), available forms of NO3 − and NH4 +, Mg2+, K+, as well as basal respiration (BR) and substrate-induced respiration (SIR) in the A:F 100:25 intercropping pattern were greater than for the fenugreek and ajowan sole crops. Overall, the analysis showed that the A:F 100:25 additive intercropping pattern had positive and strong effects in terms of increased yield and quality of ajowan and improvement of soil fertility.
摘要：以豆类为基础的间作系统被认为是一种可持续的、生态友好的系统，有可能提高作物产量和土壤肥力。在两个生长季节（2017年和2018年）进行了田间试验，以确定胡芦巴（Trigonella foenum graecum L.）和阿骨丸（Trachyspermum ammi L.）的最佳间作模式，以提高阿骨丸的产量和质量，改善土壤性质。本研究中评估的处理是阿霍湾（A）和胡芦巴（F）的单作，A:F的替代间作系列（1:1、4:4、3:1和1:3比例）和A:F（100:12.5、100:25、100:37.5、100:50、100:62.5、100:75和100:87.5比例）的附加间作系列。结果表明，在添加模式A:F100:25下，阿和湾的生物产量（4172.7 kg ha−1）、种子产量（1009.7 kg ha−2）和精油产量（42.0 kg ha−3）最高。阿和湾精油的主要化学成分百里酚和γ-萜品烯的最高浓度记录在A:F100:25间作模式下。所有间作模式的LER和ATER总指数均在1以上。A:F100:25间作模式的土壤总有机碳（TOC）和氮（TON）、有效态NO3−和NH4+、Mg2+、K+以及基础呼吸（BR）和基质诱导呼吸（SIR）的浓度高于胡芦巴和阿霍湾单一作物。综合分析表明，A:F100:25加性间作模式对阿霍湾的增产、提质和提高土壤肥力具有积极而有力的作用。
{"title":"Improved yields and essential oil composition of ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.) and soil fertility properties in intercropping systems","authors":"Monireh Zandi, S. Khalesro, Z. Sharifi","doi":"10.1080/01448765.2022.2076611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2022.2076611","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Legume-based intercropping systems have been proposed as sustainable and eco-friendly systems with potential to improve crop production and soil fertility. A field experiment was conducted in two growing seasons (2017 and 2018) to determine optimal intercropping patterns of ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) to increase yield and quality of the ajowan and to improve soil properties. The treatments evaluated in this study were sole cropping of ajowan (A) and fenugreek (F), replacement intercropping series of A:F (1:1, 4:4, 3:1, and 1:3 ratios) and additive intercropping series of A:F (100:12.5, 100:25, 100:37.5, 100:50, 100:62.5, 100:75, and 100:87.5 ratios). The results showed that the highest biological yield (4172.7 kg ha−1), seed yield (1009.7 kg ha−1), and essential oil yield (42.0 kg ha−1) of ajowan were obtained in the additive pattern A:F 100:25. The highest concentrations of thymol and γ-terpinene, the major chemical components of ajowan essential oil, were recorded for the A:F 100:25 intercropping pattern. Total LER and ATER indices were above one in all of the intercropping patterns. The concentrations of soil total organic carbon (TOC) and nitrogen (TON), available forms of NO3 − and NH4 +, Mg2+, K+, as well as basal respiration (BR) and substrate-induced respiration (SIR) in the A:F 100:25 intercropping pattern were greater than for the fenugreek and ajowan sole crops. Overall, the analysis showed that the A:F 100:25 additive intercropping pattern had positive and strong effects in terms of increased yield and quality of ajowan and improvement of soil fertility.","PeriodicalId":8904,"journal":{"name":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture","volume":"39 1","pages":"1 - 18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47721207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-09DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2022.2074890
H. Ozer, Caner Yılmaz, B. Ozturk
ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the effects of cultivation system (organic and conventional) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) treatments on quality characteristics and bioactive compounds of tomato fruit (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Şencan 9) stored in cold storage conditions, at 8°C ± 0.5°C and 90% ± 5% relative humidity, for 21 days. At the end of the cold storage period, lower weight loss and respiration rates were measured in the organically produced fruit compared with the fruit produced in the conventional production system. On day 14 and 21 of storage, higher firmness was measured in the conventional- and organic-MAP treatments and in the conventional-unwrap treatment than in the organic-unwrap treatment. On day 7, L* and hue angle measured in organic-MAP were significantly higher than in the other treatments. At the end of the cold storage period, higher soluble solids content, vitamin C, total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity were recorded for the organic tomatoes, compared with the conventionally grown fruit. The highest and lowest concentrations of total flavonoids and antioxidant activity were determined in organic-MAP and conventional-unwrap treatments, respectively. In conclusion, it was shown that the quality of the tomatoes grown in the organic production system and stored in MAP maintained higher quality characteristics during the cold storage period.
{"title":"The influence of cultivation system and modified atmosphere packaging on quality attributes of tomato fruit during cold storage","authors":"H. Ozer, Caner Yılmaz, B. Ozturk","doi":"10.1080/01448765.2022.2074890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2022.2074890","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the effects of cultivation system (organic and conventional) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) treatments on quality characteristics and bioactive compounds of tomato fruit (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Şencan 9) stored in cold storage conditions, at 8°C ± 0.5°C and 90% ± 5% relative humidity, for 21 days. At the end of the cold storage period, lower weight loss and respiration rates were measured in the organically produced fruit compared with the fruit produced in the conventional production system. On day 14 and 21 of storage, higher firmness was measured in the conventional- and organic-MAP treatments and in the conventional-unwrap treatment than in the organic-unwrap treatment. On day 7, L* and hue angle measured in organic-MAP were significantly higher than in the other treatments. At the end of the cold storage period, higher soluble solids content, vitamin C, total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity were recorded for the organic tomatoes, compared with the conventionally grown fruit. The highest and lowest concentrations of total flavonoids and antioxidant activity were determined in organic-MAP and conventional-unwrap treatments, respectively. In conclusion, it was shown that the quality of the tomatoes grown in the organic production system and stored in MAP maintained higher quality characteristics during the cold storage period.","PeriodicalId":8904,"journal":{"name":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture","volume":"38 1","pages":"258 - 270"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46328869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-13DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2022.2064232
H. Asp, K. Bergstrand, S. Caspersen, M. Hultberg
ABSTRACT The common use of peat as a growing medium for plant production is questioned due to the negative effects on the environment and climate. Therefore, it is of great importance to find substitutes for peat with similar positive properties that have made peat one of the most important substrates in the horticultural sector. Production of biogas from organic residues is a valuable process, producing both energy and a residue, anaerobic digestate (AD), with a high content of plant nutrients. In this study, peat was partly substituted with AD of plant material origin up to 80% in a growing substrate for basil (Ocimum basilicum). Germination, yield and plant nutrient content were measured as well as chemical and physical properties of the growing media. The results showed that with 50% substitution of peat the growth in the AD/peat mix gave the same yield as for the fertilised peat on its own. No toxic or deficiency symptoms could be seen in the 50% mix. The important physical properties of the substrate were similar in peat and AD/peat mixes. However, the water-holding capacity was slightly decreased when part of the peat was substituted.
{"title":"Anaerobic digestate as peat substitute and fertiliser in pot production of basil","authors":"H. Asp, K. Bergstrand, S. Caspersen, M. Hultberg","doi":"10.1080/01448765.2022.2064232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2022.2064232","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The common use of peat as a growing medium for plant production is questioned due to the negative effects on the environment and climate. Therefore, it is of great importance to find substitutes for peat with similar positive properties that have made peat one of the most important substrates in the horticultural sector. Production of biogas from organic residues is a valuable process, producing both energy and a residue, anaerobic digestate (AD), with a high content of plant nutrients. In this study, peat was partly substituted with AD of plant material origin up to 80% in a growing substrate for basil (Ocimum basilicum). Germination, yield and plant nutrient content were measured as well as chemical and physical properties of the growing media. The results showed that with 50% substitution of peat the growth in the AD/peat mix gave the same yield as for the fertilised peat on its own. No toxic or deficiency symptoms could be seen in the 50% mix. The important physical properties of the substrate were similar in peat and AD/peat mixes. However, the water-holding capacity was slightly decreased when part of the peat was substituted.","PeriodicalId":8904,"journal":{"name":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture","volume":"38 1","pages":"247 - 257"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48020802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-04DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2022.2060758
T. Hazarika, Malsawmkimi, Rody Ngurthankhumi
ABSTRACT The present study investigated the effects of applying organic amendments and biodynamic preparations on phenological attributes, fruit set, fruit drop, yield and quality of Khasi mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata Blanco). There were eleven treatments; T1: farmyard manure (FYM); T2: vermicompost (VC); T3: pig manure (PIM); T4: poultry manure (POM); T5: neem cake (NC); T6: FYM + cow pat pit (CPP) + biodynamic preparation (BD) 500 + BD 501; T7: VC + CPP + BD 500 + BD 501; T8: PIM + CPP + BD 500 + BD 501; T9: POM + CPP + BD 500 + BD 501; T10: NC + CPP + BD 500 + BD 501 and T11: control (RDF). The results revealed that the use of combinations of organic amendments and biodynamic preparations influenced the phenology, fruit drop, fruit set, yield and quality of the mandarin. Among different treatments, POM + CPP + BD 500 + BD 501 (T9) had the lowest number of days from flowering to fruit set and from fruit set to ripening. The same treatment also had the highest % fruit retention, lowest % fruit drop and highest number of marketable fruits. T9 also resulted in the highest weight, length, diameter and volume of the fruit, the highest pulp weight, pulp thickness and pulp:peel ratio, lowest peel weight, highest juice content and second highest concentrations of reducing and total sugars. Hence, T9 was considered an effective combination in terms of influencing the phenology, fruit drop, fruit set, yield and quality of Khasi mandarin.
{"title":"Phenological attributes, fruit set, fruit drop, yield and quality of Khasi mandarin Orange as influenced by application of organic amendments and biodynamic preparations","authors":"T. Hazarika, Malsawmkimi, Rody Ngurthankhumi","doi":"10.1080/01448765.2022.2060758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2022.2060758","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The present study investigated the effects of applying organic amendments and biodynamic preparations on phenological attributes, fruit set, fruit drop, yield and quality of Khasi mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata Blanco). There were eleven treatments; T1: farmyard manure (FYM); T2: vermicompost (VC); T3: pig manure (PIM); T4: poultry manure (POM); T5: neem cake (NC); T6: FYM + cow pat pit (CPP) + biodynamic preparation (BD) 500 + BD 501; T7: VC + CPP + BD 500 + BD 501; T8: PIM + CPP + BD 500 + BD 501; T9: POM + CPP + BD 500 + BD 501; T10: NC + CPP + BD 500 + BD 501 and T11: control (RDF). The results revealed that the use of combinations of organic amendments and biodynamic preparations influenced the phenology, fruit drop, fruit set, yield and quality of the mandarin. Among different treatments, POM + CPP + BD 500 + BD 501 (T9) had the lowest number of days from flowering to fruit set and from fruit set to ripening. The same treatment also had the highest % fruit retention, lowest % fruit drop and highest number of marketable fruits. T9 also resulted in the highest weight, length, diameter and volume of the fruit, the highest pulp weight, pulp thickness and pulp:peel ratio, lowest peel weight, highest juice content and second highest concentrations of reducing and total sugars. Hence, T9 was considered an effective combination in terms of influencing the phenology, fruit drop, fruit set, yield and quality of Khasi mandarin.","PeriodicalId":8904,"journal":{"name":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture","volume":"38 1","pages":"235 - 246"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47303650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2021.1987987
M. Ebrahimi, M. Pouyan, T. Shahi, H. Fallahi, Sareh Hoseini, Hosein Ragh Ara, F. Branca
ABSTRACT The effects of two factors that determine the quality and quantity of saffron yields, i.e. organic fertilisers, including i) humic acid (Humax®), ii) organic-mineral emulsion (Omic®), iii) cow manure, and iv) unfertilised control, and mother-corm weight (using corms of 0.1–4 g, 4.1–8 g and 8.1–12 g) were investigated by measuring yield-related traits of saffron in 2 years. In the first year, the application of organic fertilisers had no significant effect on most of the studied traits. In the second year, the highest rate of increase in the stigma-style dry weight yields, with 55.5 mg day−1, was recorded for the cow manure treatment. In both years, the style-stigma yield was significantly higher in the treatments with large mother-corms compared with small mother-corms, with large differences especially in the first year, indicating that the benefit of planting heavier mother-corm was related to the stage of the production cycle. In accordance with INSO (Iran National Standard Organisation), the concentrations of crocin and picrocrocin in all treatments were within the range of Grade I and II saffron, respectively. The concentrations of the major metal contaminants (arsenic, lead and mercury) were much lower than the permissible limits in all treatments, indicating that none of the tested organic fertilisers caused pollution of the saffron.
{"title":"Effects of organic fertilisers and mother corm weight on yield, apocarotenoid concentration and accumulation of metal contaminants in saffron (Crocus sativus L.)","authors":"M. Ebrahimi, M. Pouyan, T. Shahi, H. Fallahi, Sareh Hoseini, Hosein Ragh Ara, F. Branca","doi":"10.1080/01448765.2021.1987987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2021.1987987","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The effects of two factors that determine the quality and quantity of saffron yields, i.e. organic fertilisers, including i) humic acid (Humax®), ii) organic-mineral emulsion (Omic®), iii) cow manure, and iv) unfertilised control, and mother-corm weight (using corms of 0.1–4 g, 4.1–8 g and 8.1–12 g) were investigated by measuring yield-related traits of saffron in 2 years. In the first year, the application of organic fertilisers had no significant effect on most of the studied traits. In the second year, the highest rate of increase in the stigma-style dry weight yields, with 55.5 mg day−1, was recorded for the cow manure treatment. In both years, the style-stigma yield was significantly higher in the treatments with large mother-corms compared with small mother-corms, with large differences especially in the first year, indicating that the benefit of planting heavier mother-corm was related to the stage of the production cycle. In accordance with INSO (Iran National Standard Organisation), the concentrations of crocin and picrocrocin in all treatments were within the range of Grade I and II saffron, respectively. The concentrations of the major metal contaminants (arsenic, lead and mercury) were much lower than the permissible limits in all treatments, indicating that none of the tested organic fertilisers caused pollution of the saffron.","PeriodicalId":8904,"journal":{"name":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture","volume":"38 1","pages":"73 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43839278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2022.2051206
I. Skrabule, I. Dimante, A. Tsahkna, Terje Tahtjarv, Lasma Rabante-Hane
ABSTRACT In organic production of potatoes for processing into starch, it is essential to obtain high and stable starch yields, as determined by the yield of tubers and the content of starch in the tubers. The stability of these traits in potato varieties is especially important in variable environments affected by soil properties and climatic conditions. Pre-sprouting of the seed tubers before planting can accelerate plant development and promote acceptable starch yields in a shorter growing period. This study evaluated traits of seven potato varieties important for organic starch production, assessed trait stability in different environments and determined the effect of seed tuber pre-sprouting on plant development and stability parameters. Significant effects of genotype, growing environment, and their interactions on tuber yield, starch yield and starch content of the tubers were observed. No significant effects were found of seed tuber pre-sprouting on the performance of the tested traits. Four trait stability evaluation methods were applied to tuber yield, starch yield and starch content, including a modified Kang’s yield-stability approach, and these showed inconsistent results. The modified Kang’s stability rating could be further used for determination of the best performing varieties, with high values for the essential traits and relatively high stability for each individual trait.
{"title":"Potato variety essential traits and their stability for organic starch production","authors":"I. Skrabule, I. Dimante, A. Tsahkna, Terje Tahtjarv, Lasma Rabante-Hane","doi":"10.1080/01448765.2022.2051206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2022.2051206","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In organic production of potatoes for processing into starch, it is essential to obtain high and stable starch yields, as determined by the yield of tubers and the content of starch in the tubers. The stability of these traits in potato varieties is especially important in variable environments affected by soil properties and climatic conditions. Pre-sprouting of the seed tubers before planting can accelerate plant development and promote acceptable starch yields in a shorter growing period. This study evaluated traits of seven potato varieties important for organic starch production, assessed trait stability in different environments and determined the effect of seed tuber pre-sprouting on plant development and stability parameters. Significant effects of genotype, growing environment, and their interactions on tuber yield, starch yield and starch content of the tubers were observed. No significant effects were found of seed tuber pre-sprouting on the performance of the tested traits. Four trait stability evaluation methods were applied to tuber yield, starch yield and starch content, including a modified Kang’s yield-stability approach, and these showed inconsistent results. The modified Kang’s stability rating could be further used for determination of the best performing varieties, with high values for the essential traits and relatively high stability for each individual trait.","PeriodicalId":8904,"journal":{"name":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture","volume":"38 1","pages":"217 - 234"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44586590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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