Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2021.1903556
E. Rezaei‐Chiyaneh, J. Jalilian, S. Seyyedi, M. Barin, E. Ebrahimian, R. K. Afshar
ABSTRACT Intercropping medicinal plants with grain legumes provides an excellent opportunity for small-scale farmers to generate more income and move towards sustainable cropping systems. The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation on yield, quality and nutrient uptake of isabgol and lentil, when grown as monocrops or in various intercropping ratios, were evaluated. Inoculation with AMF resulted in positive effects on AMF root colonisation, yield components and seed yields (significant for lentils only) of both crops, especially in the intercropping systems, as well as in the nutrient uptake in isabgol. The highest seed yields of isabgol (743 kg ha−1) and lentil (684 kg ha−1) were obtained when these species were grown as monocrops and inoculated with AMF. The highest mucilage content (20.9%) and swelling factor (16.9 ml) of the isabgol seeds were found when the two secies were grown in the intercropping ratio of 2I:2L (2 rows isabgol: 2 rows lentil) and treated with AMF. Regarding the composition of the isabgol seed mucilage, the highest concentrations of galacturonic acid (9.0%), galactose (11.8%), glucuronic acid (18.3%), and xylose (39.0%) were recorded in intercropping with AMF treatment. AMF inoculation also increased soil basic microbial respiration, soil substrate-induced respiration and soil microbial biomass carbon. Overall, the highest land equivalent ratio (LER = 1.67) was recorded in the 4I:2L intercropping pattern with AMF inoculation. The results indicated that intercropping of isabgol and lentil together with AMF inoculation was an effective system to increase the use efficiency of resources for smallholder farmers in semi-arid regions.
摘要：药用植物与谷类豆类的间作为小规模农民提供了一个绝佳的机会，可以创造更多的收入，并朝着可持续的种植制度迈进。评价了丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）接种对单作或不同间作比例种植的伊莎贝尔和扁豆的产量、质量和养分吸收的影响。接种AMF对两种作物的AMF根系定植、产量组成和种子产量（仅对扁豆有显著影响）产生了积极影响，尤其是在间作系统中，以及对伊莎贝尔的营养吸收产生了积极作用。当这些品种作为单作物种植并接种AMF时，可获得最高的伊莎贝尔（743 kg ha−1）和扁豆（684 kg ha−2）种子产量。在2I:2L（2行褐黄：2行扁豆）的间作比例下，用AMF处理两个品种的褐黄籽，其粘液含量和膨胀因子最高（20.9%），为16.9ml。关于伊莎贝尔种子粘液的组成，在AMF处理的间作中，半乳糖醛酸（9.0%）、半乳糖（11.8%）、葡萄糖醛酸（18.3%）和木糖（39.0%）的浓度最高。AMF接种还增加了土壤基本微生物呼吸、土壤基质诱导呼吸和土壤微生物生物量碳。总体而言，接种AMF的4I:2L间作模式的土地当量比最高（LER=1.67）。结果表明，黄扁豆间作与AMF接种是提高半干旱地区小农户资源利用效率的有效措施。
{"title":"Isabgol (Plantago ovata) and lentil (Lens culinaris) intercrop responses to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation","authors":"E. Rezaei‐Chiyaneh, J. Jalilian, S. Seyyedi, M. Barin, E. Ebrahimian, R. K. Afshar","doi":"10.1080/01448765.2021.1903556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2021.1903556","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Intercropping medicinal plants with grain legumes provides an excellent opportunity for small-scale farmers to generate more income and move towards sustainable cropping systems. The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation on yield, quality and nutrient uptake of isabgol and lentil, when grown as monocrops or in various intercropping ratios, were evaluated. Inoculation with AMF resulted in positive effects on AMF root colonisation, yield components and seed yields (significant for lentils only) of both crops, especially in the intercropping systems, as well as in the nutrient uptake in isabgol. The highest seed yields of isabgol (743 kg ha−1) and lentil (684 kg ha−1) were obtained when these species were grown as monocrops and inoculated with AMF. The highest mucilage content (20.9%) and swelling factor (16.9 ml) of the isabgol seeds were found when the two secies were grown in the intercropping ratio of 2I:2L (2 rows isabgol: 2 rows lentil) and treated with AMF. Regarding the composition of the isabgol seed mucilage, the highest concentrations of galacturonic acid (9.0%), galactose (11.8%), glucuronic acid (18.3%), and xylose (39.0%) were recorded in intercropping with AMF treatment. AMF inoculation also increased soil basic microbial respiration, soil substrate-induced respiration and soil microbial biomass carbon. Overall, the highest land equivalent ratio (LER = 1.67) was recorded in the 4I:2L intercropping pattern with AMF inoculation. The results indicated that intercropping of isabgol and lentil together with AMF inoculation was an effective system to increase the use efficiency of resources for smallholder farmers in semi-arid regions.","PeriodicalId":8904,"journal":{"name":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture","volume":"37 1","pages":"125 - 140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01448765.2021.1903556","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49240811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-08DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2021.1891968
M. Diacono, A. Persiani, M. Castellini, L. Giglio, F. Montemurro
ABSTRACT This research was carried out in an organic crop sequence of cauliflowers (Brassica oleracea L.) and tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) intercropped with different cover crop species (burr medic (Medicago polymorpha L) and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.)) grown as living mulches and cultivated on a ridge system on a site characterised by extreme weather events (floods) in the Mediterranean environment. The objectives of the research were to: (i) investigate the impact of the combination of agro-ecological techniques (cover crops and organic fertilisation) on cash crops yield, biomass production and selected physical properties of the soil; (ii) evaluate the sustainability of the systems by using both energy inputs/outputs analysis and assessment of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). Six treatment combinations were compared: intercropping with burr medic throughout the crop rotation, with and without organic fertilisers; growing crimson clover as a living mulch in the winter crop within the crop rotation, with and without organic fertilisers; cropping system without cover crops, with and without organic fertilisers. The findings highlighted that the introduction of cover crops in the rotation should be recommended since it resulted in higher crop production levels without negative impacts on soil physical properties, as well as in the best energy use efficiency and carbon efficiency in the system. The results of the soil physical quality assessment indicated that the agro-ecological practices had no significant effects on the soil properties. Therefore, in the Mediterranean conditions, the proposed agro-ecological approaches can be crucial to achieving sustainable organic agro-ecosystems.
{"title":"Intercropping and rotation with leguminous plants in organic vegetables: crop performance, soil properties and sustainability assessment","authors":"M. Diacono, A. Persiani, M. Castellini, L. Giglio, F. Montemurro","doi":"10.1080/01448765.2021.1891968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2021.1891968","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This research was carried out in an organic crop sequence of cauliflowers (Brassica oleracea L.) and tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) intercropped with different cover crop species (burr medic (Medicago polymorpha L) and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.)) grown as living mulches and cultivated on a ridge system on a site characterised by extreme weather events (floods) in the Mediterranean environment. The objectives of the research were to: (i) investigate the impact of the combination of agro-ecological techniques (cover crops and organic fertilisation) on cash crops yield, biomass production and selected physical properties of the soil; (ii) evaluate the sustainability of the systems by using both energy inputs/outputs analysis and assessment of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). Six treatment combinations were compared: intercropping with burr medic throughout the crop rotation, with and without organic fertilisers; growing crimson clover as a living mulch in the winter crop within the crop rotation, with and without organic fertilisers; cropping system without cover crops, with and without organic fertilisers. The findings highlighted that the introduction of cover crops in the rotation should be recommended since it resulted in higher crop production levels without negative impacts on soil physical properties, as well as in the best energy use efficiency and carbon efficiency in the system. The results of the soil physical quality assessment indicated that the agro-ecological practices had no significant effects on the soil properties. Therefore, in the Mediterranean conditions, the proposed agro-ecological approaches can be crucial to achieving sustainable organic agro-ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":8904,"journal":{"name":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture","volume":"37 1","pages":"141 - 167"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01448765.2021.1891968","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47577097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-21DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2020.1855247
J. Friedel, M. Ardakani
ABSTRACT Plant nutrition practice in organic agricultural systems is sometimes reduced to a renunciation of applying readily soluble mineral fertilisers. In organic farming, however, soil nutrient stocks are regarded as an additional source of plant-available nutrients that can be mobilised by crop plants through rhizosphere effects. Therefore, unlike in conventional farming, the focus is not on replacement of the nutrients removed by the harvested products through readily soluble fertilisers enhancing nutrient concentrations in the soil solution. Instead, it is on minimising nutrient losses and supplying plant nutrients through soil-plant-microorganism interactions in which improved soil structure and enhanced soil biological activity facilitate plant-induced nutrient mobilisation and nutrient uptake under conditions of limited nutrient availability in the soil. This paper reviews these soil processes that improve the availability of macro- and micronutrients to plant roots under conditions of limited nutrient availability. It focuses on providing a conceptual framework for the different processes contributing to nutrient mobilisation and within which the various strategies for improving nutrient efficiency can be integrated in organically managed soils. Essential farm management options based on scientific views of nutrient dynamics to maintain soil fertility are addressed. With diverse, legume-based crop rotations with an adequate proportion of time dedicated to fertility building crops, careful management of manure and organic residues, and by using permitted inputs for phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), organic farms can be managed sustainably. However, efforts for recycling nutrients, mainly phosphorus, need to be enhanced.
{"title":"Soil nutrient dynamics and plant-induced nutrient mobilisation in organic and low-input farming systems: conceptual framework and relevance","authors":"J. Friedel, M. Ardakani","doi":"10.1080/01448765.2020.1855247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2020.1855247","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Plant nutrition practice in organic agricultural systems is sometimes reduced to a renunciation of applying readily soluble mineral fertilisers. In organic farming, however, soil nutrient stocks are regarded as an additional source of plant-available nutrients that can be mobilised by crop plants through rhizosphere effects. Therefore, unlike in conventional farming, the focus is not on replacement of the nutrients removed by the harvested products through readily soluble fertilisers enhancing nutrient concentrations in the soil solution. Instead, it is on minimising nutrient losses and supplying plant nutrients through soil-plant-microorganism interactions in which improved soil structure and enhanced soil biological activity facilitate plant-induced nutrient mobilisation and nutrient uptake under conditions of limited nutrient availability in the soil. This paper reviews these soil processes that improve the availability of macro- and micronutrients to plant roots under conditions of limited nutrient availability. It focuses on providing a conceptual framework for the different processes contributing to nutrient mobilisation and within which the various strategies for improving nutrient efficiency can be integrated in organically managed soils. Essential farm management options based on scientific views of nutrient dynamics to maintain soil fertility are addressed. With diverse, legume-based crop rotations with an adequate proportion of time dedicated to fertility building crops, careful management of manure and organic residues, and by using permitted inputs for phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), organic farms can be managed sustainably. However, efforts for recycling nutrients, mainly phosphorus, need to be enhanced.","PeriodicalId":8904,"journal":{"name":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture","volume":"37 1","pages":"1 - 24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01448765.2020.1855247","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41850925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-08DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2020.1850351
A. Arlauskienė, L. Šarūnaitė, Z. Kadžiulienė
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the impact of plant diversity and agricultural practices on crop productivity on organically managed mixed and arable farms under different natural conditions. Organic farms in three regions of Lithuania, differing in landscape homogeneity, soil quality and farming intensity, were evaluated. The results showed that there were arable farms in all regions, regardless of the soil fertility and the largest number of mixed farms was in Western Lithuania. On the mixed farms, perennial forage grass prevailed in the cropping structure, whilst cereals were the main crops on the arable farms with grain legumes grown to restore soil fertility. Short crop rotations and a low diversity of crops predominated. The average grain yields of the winter and spring cereals and the grain legumes were 3283, 2539 and 2917 kg ha−1, respectively. The productivity of the cereals and grain legumes depended on the region, and for spring cereals also on the interaction between region and farm type. Significantly lower yields of winter and spring cereals were recorded on the arable farms in East Lithuania, compared with the arable farms in the other regions. For organic farming systems, especially for arable farms, it was recommended to explore and implement the use of mixed or strip relay intercrops and multicultural cropping systems or blocks, thereby increasing spatial and temporal crop diversity and using plants that provide ecological services (e.g. legume swards). Reduced tillage practice to increase humification of plant residues in the soil was also recommended.
摘要本研究的目的是确定不同自然条件下有机管理的混合和可耕地农场的植物多样性和农业实践对作物生产力的影响。对立陶宛三个地区的有机农场进行了评估，这些地区在景观均匀性、土壤质量和农业强度方面存在差异。结果显示，无论土壤肥力如何，所有地区都有可耕种的农场，立陶宛西部的混合农场数量最多。在混合农场，多年生牧草在种植结构中占主导地位，而谷物是可耕地农场的主要作物，种植谷物豆类以恢复土壤肥力。主要是轮作时间短和作物多样性低。冬春季谷物和豆类的平均粮食产量分别为3283,2539和2917 kg ha−1。谷物和豆类作物的生产力取决于地区，春季谷物的生产力也取决于地区和农场类型之间的相互作用。与其他地区的可耕地相比，东立陶宛的可耕地农场的冬春季谷物产量明显较低。对于有机农业系统，特别是可耕地农场，建议探索和实施混合或带状中继间作和多元文化种植系统或区块的使用，从而增加作物的空间和时间多样性，并使用提供生态服务的植物（如豆类草地）。还建议减少耕作以增加土壤中植物残留物的腐殖化。
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Pub Date : 2020-11-17DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2020.1842243
J. F. Herencia, L. F. Pérez-Romero, A. Daza, F. Arroyo
ABSTRACT To evaluate the effect of the management system on soil quality, chemical and biological properties were measured in soils (0–20 cm depth) from Japanese plum orchards managed under organic and conventional conditions. The experiment was conducted between 2005 and 2014 in orchards established at the agricultural research station at Alcalá del Río, Seville, Spain. Overall, the soil chemical parameters in the organic orchard showed higher concentrations of soil organic matter, total N, available P and Mg. There was a trend of higher concentrations of K and Na, though for these elements the differences were significant only in two and one years, respectively. Similarly, concentrations of Mn and Zn tended to be higher in the organic plots, whereas contradictory trends were shown for Fe and Cu. No differences were found between the treatments for other physicochemical parameters such as pH and electrical conductivity. Regarding soil biological properties, the organic system was characterised with a significantly greater abundance of bacteria and fungi compared with the conventional system. The rhizobia population and the legume biomass were also higher in the organic orchard and the plants had more nodules. Likewise, the number of earthworms was higher in the organic system. The results showed that long-term organic management, including the use of cover crops and compost, resulted in a significant shift of the chemical and biological characteristics of the soil compared with the conventional management practice, thus improving soil quality and suggesting that organic farming may provide a potential solution to achieve sustainable agricultural systems.
摘要为评价管理制度对土壤质量的影响，测定了有机管理和常规管理下日本梅园0 ~ 20 cm土壤的化学和生物特性。该实验于2005年至2014年在西班牙塞维利亚alcal del Río农业研究站建立的果园中进行。总体而言，有机果园土壤化学参数表现为土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷和Mg浓度较高。K和Na的浓度有升高的趋势，但这两种元素的差异仅在2年和1年内显著。同样，有机土壤中锰和锌的浓度也趋于较高，而铁和铜的浓度则呈现相反的趋势。其他理化参数如pH和电导率在处理间无差异。在土壤生物学特性方面，有机系统的特点是与传统系统相比，细菌和真菌的丰度显著增加。有机果园中根瘤菌数量和豆科植物生物量也较高，根瘤数量较多。同样，蚯蚓的数量在有机系统中较高。结果表明，与常规管理相比，长期有机管理(包括覆盖作物和堆肥的使用)导致土壤化学和生物特性发生了显著变化，从而改善了土壤质量，表明有机农业可能为实现可持续农业系统提供了潜在的解决方案。
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Pub Date : 2020-11-11DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2020.1837673
A. Silva-Galicia, R. Álvarez-Espino, E. Sosa-Montes, E. Ceccon
ABSTRACT The use of organic soil amendments to sustain crop production provides a feasible option for low-income farmers. In La Montaña, in southern Mexico, farmers grow organic hibiscus (Hibiscus sabdariffa) as their main source of income, but yields are low. The aim of this study was to evaluate the decomposition and nutrient release of different species traditionally used by farmers and to make recommendations for their use as soil amendments. The decomposition of Mucuna pruriens, Calliandra houstoniana and stover of hibiscus (separately and as 1:1 mixtures) was evaluated using litterbags in the field, analysing dry weight and chemical components of the remaining litter at monthly intervals. Mucuna on its own and mixtures containing this species, decomposed on average 50% faster than the other amendments. Mucuna on its own released the highest amount of nitrogen (155 kg ha−1 year−1), which was in excess of that required by the hibiscus crop (45 kg nitrogen ha−1 year−1). To complement crop nutrition whilst minimising nitrogen losses and improving soil quality, the calliandra-mucuna mixture was proposed as the most promising amendment, because: (i) the nitrogen demand of the hibiscus crop was met (75.7 kg ha−1 year−1), (ii) the asynchrony of available nutrients was minimised as half of the mass of the amendment had decomposed by the time of the flowering stage of the hibiscus, and (iii) it contributed carbon and nutrients to the soil organic matter. This information can be used to promote agroforestry systems that include mucuna and calliandra trees in hibiscus plantations.
摘要使用有机土壤改良剂维持作物生产为低收入农民提供了一种可行的选择。在墨西哥南部的La Montaña，农民种植有机木槿（hibiscus sabdariffa）作为他们的主要收入来源，但产量很低。本研究的目的是评估农民传统使用的不同物种的分解和养分释放，并提出将其用作土壤改良剂的建议。在野外使用垃圾袋评估了瘙痒木霉、厚壳木霉和木槿秸秆的分解情况（分别为1:1混合物），并每月分析剩余垃圾的干重和化学成分。Mucuna本身和含有该物种的混合物的分解速度平均比其他改良剂快50%。木槿本身释放的氮量最高（155公斤公顷-1年-1），超过了木槿作物所需的氮量（45公斤氮公顷-1年-2）。为了补充作物营养，同时最大限度地减少氮损失和改善土壤质量，木槿混合物被认为是最有前景的改良剂，因为：（i）木槿作物的氮需求得到了满足（75.7 kg ha−1 year−1），（ii）有效养分的不同步性被最小化，因为在木槿开花阶段，一半的改良剂已经分解，并且（iii）它为土壤有机质贡献了碳和养分。这些信息可用于推广农林系统，包括木槿种植园中的木槿树和愈伤组织树。
{"title":"Fertilisation schemes based on organic amendments; decomposition and nutrient contribution of traditionally used species in an indigenous region of southern Mexico","authors":"A. Silva-Galicia, R. Álvarez-Espino, E. Sosa-Montes, E. Ceccon","doi":"10.1080/01448765.2020.1837673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2020.1837673","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The use of organic soil amendments to sustain crop production provides a feasible option for low-income farmers. In La Montaña, in southern Mexico, farmers grow organic hibiscus (Hibiscus sabdariffa) as their main source of income, but yields are low. The aim of this study was to evaluate the decomposition and nutrient release of different species traditionally used by farmers and to make recommendations for their use as soil amendments. The decomposition of Mucuna pruriens, Calliandra houstoniana and stover of hibiscus (separately and as 1:1 mixtures) was evaluated using litterbags in the field, analysing dry weight and chemical components of the remaining litter at monthly intervals. Mucuna on its own and mixtures containing this species, decomposed on average 50% faster than the other amendments. Mucuna on its own released the highest amount of nitrogen (155 kg ha−1 year−1), which was in excess of that required by the hibiscus crop (45 kg nitrogen ha−1 year−1). To complement crop nutrition whilst minimising nitrogen losses and improving soil quality, the calliandra-mucuna mixture was proposed as the most promising amendment, because: (i) the nitrogen demand of the hibiscus crop was met (75.7 kg ha−1 year−1), (ii) the asynchrony of available nutrients was minimised as half of the mass of the amendment had decomposed by the time of the flowering stage of the hibiscus, and (iii) it contributed carbon and nutrients to the soil organic matter. This information can be used to promote agroforestry systems that include mucuna and calliandra trees in hibiscus plantations.","PeriodicalId":8904,"journal":{"name":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture","volume":"37 1","pages":"55 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01448765.2020.1837673","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49114056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-26DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2020.1833755
A. Sparta, U. Khumairoh, Diego Valbuena, J. Groot
ABSTRACT Small-scale farmers in South-East Asia face serious challenges in agricultural productivity, food security and environmental degradation. Complex Rice Systems (CRS) entail an integrated farming approach that combines new technologies with traditional practices and knowledge to sustainably increase agricultural productivity. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential of CRS by adding rice, fish, ducks and border crops to rice fields in Lima Puluh Kota (West Sumatra, Indonesia) to improve rice productivity and dietary nutrient supply. The treatments were: conventional rice (CON), organic rice (ORR), organic rice with border crops (ORB), organic rice with fish (ORF), organic rice with ducks (ORD), and organic rice with ducks, fish, and border crops (CRS). The experiment resulted in improvements in growth, development and yield of rice in CRS and ORD compared to other treatments. Despite elevated costs, treatments with ducks also resulted in a higher gross margin than the other treatments. CRS produced the most diverse nutritional composition, and higher nutritional value compared to ORD. It was concluded that CRS can contribute to higher rice yields, improved farm income and more diversified diets, and thus providing a comprehensive approach to improve livelihoods and food security of small-scale farmers.
摘要：东南亚的小规模农民在农业生产力、粮食安全和环境退化方面面临严峻挑战。复杂水稻系统（CRS）需要一种综合农业方法，将新技术与传统做法和知识相结合，以可持续地提高农业生产力。通过在Lima Puluh Kota（印度尼西亚西苏门答腊）的稻田中添加水稻、鱼类、鸭子和边境作物，进行了一项田间试验，以评估CRS提高水稻生产力和膳食营养供应的潜力。处理为：常规水稻（CON）、有机水稻（ORR）、有机边境作物水稻（ORB）、有鱼有机水稻（ORF）、有鸭有机水稻（ORD）和有鸭、有鱼、有边境作物有机水稻（CRS）。与其他处理相比，CRS和ORD处理的水稻生长、发育和产量都有所改善。尽管成本增加，但与其他处理相比，用鸭子处理也带来了更高的毛利率。与ORD相比，CRS的营养成分最为多样，营养价值更高。研究表明，CRS有助于提高水稻产量、提高农业收入和更多样化的饮食，从而为改善小规模农民的生计和粮食安全提供了一种全面的方法。
{"title":"Potential economic and nutritional benefits of complex rice systems for small-scale farmers in West Sumatra, Indonesia","authors":"A. Sparta, U. Khumairoh, Diego Valbuena, J. Groot","doi":"10.1080/01448765.2020.1833755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2020.1833755","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Small-scale farmers in South-East Asia face serious challenges in agricultural productivity, food security and environmental degradation. Complex Rice Systems (CRS) entail an integrated farming approach that combines new technologies with traditional practices and knowledge to sustainably increase agricultural productivity. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential of CRS by adding rice, fish, ducks and border crops to rice fields in Lima Puluh Kota (West Sumatra, Indonesia) to improve rice productivity and dietary nutrient supply. The treatments were: conventional rice (CON), organic rice (ORR), organic rice with border crops (ORB), organic rice with fish (ORF), organic rice with ducks (ORD), and organic rice with ducks, fish, and border crops (CRS). The experiment resulted in improvements in growth, development and yield of rice in CRS and ORD compared to other treatments. Despite elevated costs, treatments with ducks also resulted in a higher gross margin than the other treatments. CRS produced the most diverse nutritional composition, and higher nutritional value compared to ORD. It was concluded that CRS can contribute to higher rice yields, improved farm income and more diversified diets, and thus providing a comprehensive approach to improve livelihoods and food security of small-scale farmers.","PeriodicalId":8904,"journal":{"name":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture","volume":"37 1","pages":"40 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01448765.2020.1833755","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41954549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-15DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2020.1808067
C. B. Okebalama, Chukwunonso Odera Ibezim, V. U. Ugwu, B. Marschner
ABSTRACT Residue from processing bambara seeds is abundant in West Africa, but scientific knowledge on the suitability of this residue for improving soil fertility is limited. Bambara seed residue (BSR), at 0, 10, 20 and 30 t ha−1, was applied annually to an Ultisol in a two-year field experiment with cucumber. BSR input at 30 t ha−1 produced the highest yield of 256.80 g (= 0.46 t ha−1) compared with 25.70 g (= 0.05 t ha−1) in the control. While BSR had no effect on pH, the input at 20 and 30 t ha−1 significantly increased organic C, total N and K in the soil and increased macro-aggregation by 153% and 193% after the first and second year, respectively. Basal soil respiration at day 3–14 showed increased and rapid labile C utilisation with increased BSR input rates, followed by more persistent CO2-C evolution rates during days 14–42, and significantly higher rates in the control than in the BSR treatments during days 35–42. BSR at 30 t ha−1 increased microbial C by 159%, microbial N by 205% and improved activities of β-glucosidase and tyrosine-aminopeptidase 7.5- and 3.0-fold, respectively. However, reduced activities of S- and many C-cycle enzymes limited the suitability of BSR as a nutrient source for crop growth. Nonetheless, its potential to enhance soil structure and organic C storage in the Ultisol was beneficial and the C pool in soil treated with 30 t ha−1 BSR was sufficiently large to increase N and K availability.
在西非，bambara种子加工后的残留物非常丰富，但关于这种残留物是否适合改善土壤肥力的科学知识有限。在为期2年的黄瓜田间试验中，每年将0、10、20和30 t ha - 1的班巴拉种子渣(BSR)施用于Ultisol。与对照的25.70 g (= 0.05 t ha - 1)相比，30 t ha - 1的BSR投入产量最高，为256.80 g (= 0.46 t ha - 1)。BSR对pH值没有影响，但20和30 t ha−1的处理显著提高了土壤有机碳、全氮和全钾含量，第1年和第2年土壤宏观团聚体含量分别提高了153%和193%。3-14 d的基础土壤呼吸随着BSR输入量的增加而快速增加，随后14-42 d的CO2-C演化速率更持久，且35-42 d期间对照的速率显著高于BSR处理。BSR在30 t ha - 1时，微生物C提高了159%，微生物N提高了205%，β-葡萄糖苷酶和酪氨酸-氨基肽酶活性分别提高了7.5倍和3.0倍。然而，S-和许多c -环酶的活性降低限制了BSR作为作物生长营养源的适宜性。尽管如此，其改善土壤结构和有机C储存的潜力是有益的，30 t ha - 1 BSR处理的土壤C库足以提高N和K的有效性。
{"title":"Effects of amending an Ultisol with bambara groundnut seed residue on soil fertility, microbial nutrient cycling and yield of cucumber","authors":"C. B. Okebalama, Chukwunonso Odera Ibezim, V. U. Ugwu, B. Marschner","doi":"10.1080/01448765.2020.1808067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2020.1808067","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Residue from processing bambara seeds is abundant in West Africa, but scientific knowledge on the suitability of this residue for improving soil fertility is limited. Bambara seed residue (BSR), at 0, 10, 20 and 30 t ha−1, was applied annually to an Ultisol in a two-year field experiment with cucumber. BSR input at 30 t ha−1 produced the highest yield of 256.80 g (= 0.46 t ha−1) compared with 25.70 g (= 0.05 t ha−1) in the control. While BSR had no effect on pH, the input at 20 and 30 t ha−1 significantly increased organic C, total N and K in the soil and increased macro-aggregation by 153% and 193% after the first and second year, respectively. Basal soil respiration at day 3–14 showed increased and rapid labile C utilisation with increased BSR input rates, followed by more persistent CO2-C evolution rates during days 14–42, and significantly higher rates in the control than in the BSR treatments during days 35–42. BSR at 30 t ha−1 increased microbial C by 159%, microbial N by 205% and improved activities of β-glucosidase and tyrosine-aminopeptidase 7.5- and 3.0-fold, respectively. However, reduced activities of S- and many C-cycle enzymes limited the suitability of BSR as a nutrient source for crop growth. Nonetheless, its potential to enhance soil structure and organic C storage in the Ultisol was beneficial and the C pool in soil treated with 30 t ha−1 BSR was sufficiently large to increase N and K availability.","PeriodicalId":8904,"journal":{"name":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture","volume":"36 1","pages":"249 - 266"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01448765.2020.1808067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42867576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-30DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2020.1812116
G. Ievinsh, Una Andersone-Ozola, S. Zeipiņa
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to compare the effects of using compost and vermicompost as soil amendments in organic herb production, using four herb species (Dracocephalum moldavica L., Melissa officinalis L., Nepeta cataria L. and Thymus vulgaris L.) as model plants. Plants were cultivated in a greenhouse in containers filled with soil from an organically certified field and that had been amended with equal rates of cow manure compost or vermicompost [0%, 10%, 20% and 30% (v/v) for M. officinalis and N. cataria, and 0%, 20%, 30%, and 40% (v/v) for D. moldavica and T. vulgaris]. The four herbs showed different sensitivity to the incorporation of the organic amendments, with the optimum rate differing between the species: 20% was shown to be optimum for both amendments in the case of M. officinalis and N. cataria, and 20% for compost and 30% for vermicompost in the case of D. moldavica and T. vulgaris. However, at identical amendment rates, the vermicompost treatment resulted in higher plant biomass compared with the compost. The organic amendments tended to increase the concentration of K+ in the leaf tissue in all species. The NO3 – concentration in the leaf tissue tended to increase with increased rates of the organic amendments, but both amendment-specific and species-specific effects were evident. It was concluded that the use of vermicompost was superior to that of compost for organic herb production in containers.
{"title":"Comparison of the effects of compost and vermicompost soil amendments in organic production of four herb species","authors":"G. Ievinsh, Una Andersone-Ozola, S. Zeipiņa","doi":"10.1080/01448765.2020.1812116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2020.1812116","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to compare the effects of using compost and vermicompost as soil amendments in organic herb production, using four herb species (Dracocephalum moldavica L., Melissa officinalis L., Nepeta cataria L. and Thymus vulgaris L.) as model plants. Plants were cultivated in a greenhouse in containers filled with soil from an organically certified field and that had been amended with equal rates of cow manure compost or vermicompost [0%, 10%, 20% and 30% (v/v) for M. officinalis and N. cataria, and 0%, 20%, 30%, and 40% (v/v) for D. moldavica and T. vulgaris]. The four herbs showed different sensitivity to the incorporation of the organic amendments, with the optimum rate differing between the species: 20% was shown to be optimum for both amendments in the case of M. officinalis and N. cataria, and 20% for compost and 30% for vermicompost in the case of D. moldavica and T. vulgaris. However, at identical amendment rates, the vermicompost treatment resulted in higher plant biomass compared with the compost. The organic amendments tended to increase the concentration of K+ in the leaf tissue in all species. The NO3 – concentration in the leaf tissue tended to increase with increased rates of the organic amendments, but both amendment-specific and species-specific effects were evident. It was concluded that the use of vermicompost was superior to that of compost for organic herb production in containers.","PeriodicalId":8904,"journal":{"name":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture","volume":"36 1","pages":"267 - 282"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01448765.2020.1812116","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45876676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-25DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2020.1802777
C. Vasilikiotis, Meng Li, Jennifer E. Schmidt, Anna Azimi, J. Garcia, Astrid Volder, B. Lampinen, A. Gaudin
ABSTRACT Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are mutualistic fungi that play important roles in plant nutrition and soil ecosystem functions. While AMF are known to benefit diverse host plants under a range of conditions, little is known about their presence in commercial almond orchards and how frequently used management practices regulate AMF root colonisation. A large-scale survey of almond orchards in the Central Valley of California was conducted to determine the extent of mycorrhizal associations with roots and the impact of orchard management practices and soil properties on AMF root colonisation rates. The roots in all orchards were colonised, with an overall average rate of 64.4%. Organically managed orchards had higher AMF root colonisation rates (73.2%) as compared with conventionally managed orchards (62.1%), primarily due to the presence of soil vegetative cover rather than organic matter inputs. Choice of rootstock and fumigation had only marginal effects while inoculation at planting increased AMF root colonisation of young trees by 27% compared to non-inoculated control. These results highlighted the ubiquitous presence of AMF in commercial almond orchards and significant interacting influences of common management practices on AMF root colonisation under field conditions. Further research into the functional implications of mycorrhizal associations in these orchards will help guide the development of management practices that increase AMF abundance and root colonisation to improve the sustainability of this rapidly expanding industry.
{"title":"Orchard management practices affect arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal root colonisation of almond","authors":"C. Vasilikiotis, Meng Li, Jennifer E. Schmidt, Anna Azimi, J. Garcia, Astrid Volder, B. Lampinen, A. Gaudin","doi":"10.1080/01448765.2020.1802777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2020.1802777","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are mutualistic fungi that play important roles in plant nutrition and soil ecosystem functions. While AMF are known to benefit diverse host plants under a range of conditions, little is known about their presence in commercial almond orchards and how frequently used management practices regulate AMF root colonisation. A large-scale survey of almond orchards in the Central Valley of California was conducted to determine the extent of mycorrhizal associations with roots and the impact of orchard management practices and soil properties on AMF root colonisation rates. The roots in all orchards were colonised, with an overall average rate of 64.4%. Organically managed orchards had higher AMF root colonisation rates (73.2%) as compared with conventionally managed orchards (62.1%), primarily due to the presence of soil vegetative cover rather than organic matter inputs. Choice of rootstock and fumigation had only marginal effects while inoculation at planting increased AMF root colonisation of young trees by 27% compared to non-inoculated control. These results highlighted the ubiquitous presence of AMF in commercial almond orchards and significant interacting influences of common management practices on AMF root colonisation under field conditions. Further research into the functional implications of mycorrhizal associations in these orchards will help guide the development of management practices that increase AMF abundance and root colonisation to improve the sustainability of this rapidly expanding industry.","PeriodicalId":8904,"journal":{"name":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture","volume":"36 1","pages":"230 - 248"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01448765.2020.1802777","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44647600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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