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Optimization, characterization and biosafety of carotenoids produced from whey using Micrococcus luteus. 利用黄体微球菌从乳清中生产类胡萝卜素的优化、表征和生物安全性。
IF 3.5 3区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-024-00899-6
Aml A Hegazy, Samah H Abu-Hussien, Neima K Elsenosy, Salwa M El-Sayed, Mohamed Y Abo El-Naga

This study aimed to optimize the production of carotenoid pigments from Micrococcus luteus (ATCC 9341) through the statistical screening of media components and the characterization of antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytogenetic and cytotoxic activities. A BOX-Behnken design was used to assess the effects of whey concentration, inoculum size, pH, temperature, and agitation speed on carotenoid yield. The optimum combination increased production to 2.19 g/L, with a productivity of 0.045 g L-1 h-1 and a productivity yield of 0.644 g/g, as confirmed by an observed carotene production of 2.19 g/L. The final response surface model fitting the data had an R2 of 0.9461. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis identified 12 carotenoid pigment compounds produced by M. luteus. The extracts displayed moderate antimicrobial efficacy against Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus cereus (ATCC 11778), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), and E. faecalis (ATCC 19433), with inhibition zone diameters (IZD) of 29.0, 14.0, and 37.0 mm, respectively, at 1000 μg/mL. However, its effectiveness against Gram-negative bacteria is limited. In comparison, tetracycline exhibited greater antimicrobial potency. The IC50 value of carotenoids was used to indicate the antioxidant activity. IC50 value from the DPPH assay was 152.80 mg/100mL. An IC50 cytotoxicity value greater than 300 μg/mL was found against normal mouse liver cells, with over 68% cell viability even at 300 μg/mL, indicating low toxicity. Histological structure studies revealed normal myocardial muscle tissue, lung tissue, and kidney tissue sections, whereas liver tissue sections revealed ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes and disorganization of hepatic cords. Cytogenetic parameters revealed that the carotene treatment group had a mitotic index (70%) lower than that of the control but higher than that of the positive control, mitomycin, and did not substantially increase numerical (1.2%) or structural aberrations compared with those of the control, suggesting a lack of genotoxic effects under the experimental conditions. In conclusion, optimized culture conditions enhanced carotenoid yields from M. luteus, and the extracts displayed promising bioactivity as moderate antibiotics against certain gram-positive bacteria and as antioxidants. The high IC50 values demonstrate biosafety. Overall, this bioprocess for enhanced carotenoid production coupled with bioactivity profiling and low cytotoxicity support the application of M. luteus carotenoids.

本研究旨在通过对培养基成分的统计筛选以及抗菌、抗氧化、细胞遗传和细胞毒性活性的表征,优化黄体微球菌(ATCC 9341)类胡萝卜素色素的生产。采用 BOX-Behnken 设计评估了乳清浓度、接种物大小、pH 值、温度和搅拌速度对类胡萝卜素产量的影响。最佳组合将产量提高到 2.19 克/升,生产率为 0.045 克/升-1 小时-1,生产率产量为 0.644 克/克,观察到的类胡萝卜素产量为 2.19 克/升也证实了这一点。拟合数据的最终响应面模型的 R2 为 0.9461。高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析确定了黄曲霉产生的 12 种类胡萝卜素色素化合物。萃取物对革兰氏阳性菌(如蜡样芽孢杆菌(ATCC 11778)、金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC 6538)和粪大肠杆菌(ATCC 19433))具有中等程度的抗菌效果,抑制区直径(IZD)分别为 29.0、14.0 和 37.0 mm(1000 μg/mL)。然而,它对革兰氏阴性菌的效力有限。相比之下,四环素的抗菌效力更高。类胡萝卜素的 IC50 值用来表示抗氧化活性。DPPH 试验的 IC50 值为 152.80 mg/100mL。对正常小鼠肝细胞的细胞毒性 IC50 值大于 300 μg/mL,即使在 300 μg/mL时,细胞存活率也超过 68%,表明毒性较低。组织学结构研究显示心肌组织、肺组织和肾组织切片正常,而肝组织切片显示肝细胞气球变性和肝索紊乱。细胞遗传学参数显示,胡萝卜素处理组的有丝分裂指数(70%)低于对照组,但高于阳性对照组丝裂霉素的有丝分裂指数,与对照组相比,数量畸变(1.2%)和结构畸变没有显著增加,表明在实验条件下没有遗传毒性效应。总之,优化的培养条件提高了黄体蝇蛆类胡萝卜素的产量,提取物作为抗革兰氏阳性菌的中度抗生素和抗氧化剂显示出良好的生物活性。高 IC50 值证明了生物安全性。总之,这种提高类胡萝卜素产量的生物工艺,加上生物活性分析和低细胞毒性,支持了黄体霉菌类胡萝卜素的应用。
{"title":"Optimization, characterization and biosafety of carotenoids produced from whey using Micrococcus luteus.","authors":"Aml A Hegazy, Samah H Abu-Hussien, Neima K Elsenosy, Salwa M El-Sayed, Mohamed Y Abo El-Naga","doi":"10.1186/s12896-024-00899-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12896-024-00899-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to optimize the production of carotenoid pigments from Micrococcus luteus (ATCC 9341) through the statistical screening of media components and the characterization of antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytogenetic and cytotoxic activities. A BOX-Behnken design was used to assess the effects of whey concentration, inoculum size, pH, temperature, and agitation speed on carotenoid yield. The optimum combination increased production to 2.19 g/L, with a productivity of 0.045 g L<sup>-1</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> and a productivity yield of 0.644 g/g, as confirmed by an observed carotene production of 2.19 g/L. The final response surface model fitting the data had an R<sup>2</sup> of 0.9461. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis identified 12 carotenoid pigment compounds produced by M. luteus. The extracts displayed moderate antimicrobial efficacy against Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus cereus (ATCC 11778), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), and E. faecalis (ATCC 19433), with inhibition zone diameters (IZD) of 29.0, 14.0, and 37.0 mm, respectively, at 1000 μg/mL. However, its effectiveness against Gram-negative bacteria is limited. In comparison, tetracycline exhibited greater antimicrobial potency. The IC<sub>50</sub> value of carotenoids was used to indicate the antioxidant activity. IC<sub>50</sub> value from the DPPH assay was 152.80 mg/100mL. An IC<sub>50</sub> cytotoxicity value greater than 300 μg/mL was found against normal mouse liver cells, with over 68% cell viability even at 300 μg/mL, indicating low toxicity. Histological structure studies revealed normal myocardial muscle tissue, lung tissue, and kidney tissue sections, whereas liver tissue sections revealed ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes and disorganization of hepatic cords. Cytogenetic parameters revealed that the carotene treatment group had a mitotic index (70%) lower than that of the control but higher than that of the positive control, mitomycin, and did not substantially increase numerical (1.2%) or structural aberrations compared with those of the control, suggesting a lack of genotoxic effects under the experimental conditions. In conclusion, optimized culture conditions enhanced carotenoid yields from M. luteus, and the extracts displayed promising bioactivity as moderate antibiotics against certain gram-positive bacteria and as antioxidants. The high IC<sub>50</sub> values demonstrate biosafety. Overall, this bioprocess for enhanced carotenoid production coupled with bioactivity profiling and low cytotoxicity support the application of M. luteus carotenoids.</p>","PeriodicalId":8905,"journal":{"name":"BMC Biotechnology","volume":"24 1","pages":"74"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11459989/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142387608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Enhancing the biotransformation of progesterone to the anticancer compound testololactone by Penicillium chrysogenum Ras3009: kinetic modelling and efficiency maximization. 菊青霉 Ras3009 促进黄体酮向抗癌化合物睾酮内酯的生物转化:动力学模型和效率最大化。
IF 3.5 3区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-024-00896-9
Marwa M Abdel-Kareem, Abdel-Nasser A Zohri, Abdel-Hamied M Rasmey, Heba Hawary

Background: Biotransformation of steroid compounds into therapeutic products using microorganisms offers an eco-friendly and economically sustainable approach to the pharmaceutical industry rather than a chemical synthesis way. The biotransformation efficiency of progesterone into the anticancer compound testololactone using Penicillium chrysogenum Ras3009 has been investigated. Besides, maximization of testololactone formation was achieved by studying the kinetic modelling and impact of some fermentation conditions on the biotransformation process.

Results: The fungal strain Ras3009 was selected among twelve fungal strains as the most runner for the transformation of 81.18% of progesterone into testololactone. Ras3009 was identified phenotypically and genotypically as Penicillium chrysogenum, its 18 S rRNA nucleotide sequence was deposited in the GenBank database by the accession number OR480104. Studying the impact of fermentation conditions on biotransformation efficiency indicated a positive correlation between substrate concentration and testololactone formation until reaching the maximum velocity vmax. Kinetic studies revealed that vmax was [Formula: see text] gL- 1hr- 1 with high accuracy, giving R2 of 0.977. The progesterone transformation efficiency generally increased with time, reaching a maximum of 100% at 42 h with testololactone yield (Ypt/s) 0.8700 mg/mg. Moreover, the study indicated that the enzymatic conversion by P. chrysogenum Ras3009 showed high affinity to the substrate, intracellularly expressed, and released during cell disruption, leading to higher efficiency when using whole microbial cell extract.

Conclusions: Fungi can be promising biocatalysts for steroid transformation into valuable chemicals and pharmaceutical compounds. The study revealed that the new fungal isolate P. chrysogenum Ras3009 possesses a great catalytic ability to convert progesterone into testololactone. Kinetic modelling analysis and optimization of the fermentation conditions lead to higher transformation efficiency and provide a better understanding of the transformation processes.

背景:与化学合成方法相比,利用微生物将甾体化合物生物转化为治疗产品为制药业提供了一种生态友好和经济可持续的方法。研究人员利用菊青霉 Ras3009 将黄体酮生物转化为抗癌化合物睾酮内酯的效率。此外,通过研究动力学模型和一些发酵条件对生物转化过程的影响,实现了睾酮内酯形成的最大化:结果:在 12 株真菌中,Ras3009 被选为将 81.18% 的黄体酮转化为睾酮内酯的最佳菌株。Ras3009 经表型和基因型鉴定为金青霉,其 18 S rRNA 核苷酸序列已存入 GenBank 数据库,登录号为 OR480104。研究发酵条件对生物转化效率的影响表明,底物浓度与睾酮内酯的形成呈正相关,直到达到最大速度 vmax。动力学研究表明,vmax 为 [公式:见正文] gL- 1hr-1,精确度很高,R2 为 0.977。黄体酮的转化效率一般随时间的延长而提高,42 小时后达到最大值 100%,睾酮内酯产量(Ypt/s)为 0.8700 毫克/毫克。此外,研究还表明,P. chrysogenum Ras3009 的酶转化对底物有很高的亲和力,在细胞内表达,并在细胞破坏过程中释放,导致使用整个微生物细胞提取物时效率更高:结论:真菌是一种很有前途的生物催化剂,可将类固醇转化为有价值的化学品和药物化合物。研究发现,新分离的真菌 P. chrysogenum Ras3009 具有将黄体酮转化为睾酮内酯的强大催化能力。动力学模型分析和发酵条件的优化提高了转化效率,并使人们对转化过程有了更好的了解。
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引用次数: 0
Microarray-based evaluation of selected recombinant timothy grass allergens expressed in E. Coli and N. Benthamiana. 基于芯片对在大肠杆菌和 N. Benthamiana 中表达的选定重组梯牧草过敏原进行评估。
IF 3.5 3区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-024-00902-0
Laimis Silimavicius, Lieve Tchebotarev, Mindaugas Zaveckas, Raimundas Razanskas, Laima Cepulyte, Karolina Bielske, Indre Kucinskaite-Kodze, Linas Griguola, Kotryna Linauskiene, Rasa Petraityte-Burneikiene

Background: Timothy grass (Phleum pratense) is a significant source of allergens, and recombinant allergens are increasingly used for diagnostic purposes. However, the performance of different recombinant allergen production systems in diagnostic assays needs further investigation to optimize their use in clinical settings.

Objective: The main objective of this study was to analyze and compare the diagnostic performance of recombinant timothy grass allergens produced in E. coli and N. benthamiana using a custom-made microarray chip.

Methods: Recombinant timothy grass allergens Phl p 1, Phl p 2, Phl p 5, Phl p 6, Phl p 11, and Phl p 12 were produced in E. coli and/or N. benthamiana. A total of 113 patient serum samples were tested to evaluate the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, inter-assay variability, and correlation of allergen-specific IgE detection compared to commercial multiplex tests (ALEX and ISAC). Additionally, the prevalence of sIgE to these allergens was assessed.

Results: Phl p 1, Phl p 2, Phl p 5, Phl p 6 and Phl p 11 showed high or very high positive correlation in immunoreactivity with other commercial multiplex tests. Notably, Phl p 11 fused with maltose-binding protein (MBP) demonstrated high diagnostic specificity and sensitivity, with a 0.3 arbitrary cut-off value. However, a high intra-assay variation was observed. The study also assessed specific IgE prevalence to timothy grass allergens within the tested patient cohort.

Conclusions: Recombinant allergens from both E. coli and N. benthamiana demonstrated strong diagnostic potential on the microarray platform, with Phl p 11 (MBP-fused) showing particularly high performance. High intra-assay variation highlights the need for further optimization in allergen formulation and microarray storage conditions. These results highlight the potential of recombinant allergens for diagnostic applications, despite challenges with allergen stability in microarray formats. Specific IgE prevalence to timothy allergens revealed a sensitization profile consistent with findings from multiple studies.

背景:提摩西草(Phleum pratense)是一种重要的过敏原来源,重组过敏原越来越多地被用于诊断目的。然而,不同重组过敏原生产系统在诊断测定中的表现需要进一步研究,以优化其在临床环境中的应用:本研究的主要目的是使用定制的微阵列芯片分析和比较在大肠杆菌和N.benthamiana中生产的重组梯牧草过敏原的诊断性能:方法:重组梯牧草过敏原 Phl p 1、Phl p 2、Phl p 5、Phl p 6、Phl p 11 和 Phl p 12 是在大肠杆菌和/或 N. benthamiana 中产生的。共检测了 113 份患者血清样本,以评估过敏原特异性 IgE 检测与商业多重检测(ALEX 和 ISAC)相比的诊断灵敏度、特异性、检测间变异性和相关性。此外,还评估了这些过敏原特异性 IgE 的流行率:结果:Phl p 1、Phl p 2、Phl p 5、Phl p 6 和 Phl p 11 与其他商用多重检测方法的免疫反应呈高度或极高度正相关。值得注意的是,与麦芽糖结合蛋白(MBP)融合的 Phl p 11 显示出较高的诊断特异性和灵敏度,任意临界值为 0.3。然而,在检测中也发现了很大的差异。该研究还评估了接受测试的患者群中对梯牧草过敏原的特异性 IgE 患病率:结论:来自大肠杆菌和N. benthamiana的重组过敏原在微阵列平台上表现出很强的诊断潜力,其中Phl p 11(MBP融合)表现尤为突出。测定内的高度差异突出表明需要进一步优化过敏原配方和微阵列储存条件。这些结果凸显了重组过敏原在诊断应用中的潜力,尽管在微阵列格式中过敏原的稳定性面临挑战。貓尾草過敏原的特異性 IgE 發現與多項研究結果一致。
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引用次数: 0
Oral delivery of Sunitinib malate using carboxymethyl cellulose/poly(acrylic acid-itaconic acid)/Cloisite 30B nanocomposite hydrogel as a pH-responsive carrier. 使用羧甲基纤维素/聚丙烯酸-依他羧酸/Cloisite 30B 纳米复合水凝胶作为 pH 值响应载体口服苹果酸舒尼替尼。
IF 3.5 3区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-024-00883-0
Zahra Sayyar, Parisa Mohammadzadeh Pakdel, Seyed Jamaleddin Peighambardoust

This work aimed to fabricate a Cloisite 30B-incorporated carboxymethyl cellulose graft copolymer of acrylic acid and itaconic acid hydrogel (Hyd) via a free radical polymerization method for controlled release of Sunitinib malate anticancer drug. The synthesized samples were characterized by FTIR, XRD, TEM, and SEM-dot mapping analyses. The encapsulation efficiency of Hyd and Hyd/Cloisite 30B (6 wt%) was 81 and 93%, respectively, showing the effectiveness of Cloisite 30B in drug loading. An in vitro drug release study showed that drug release from all samples in a buffer solution with pH 7.4 was higher than in a buffer solution with pH 5.5. During 240 min, the cumulative drug release from Hyd/Cloisite 30B (94.97% at pH 7.4) is lower than Hyd (53.71% at pH 7.4). Also, drug-loaded Hyd/Cloisite 30B (6 wt%) demonstrated better antibacterial activity towards S. Aureus bacteria and E. Coli. High anticancer activity of Hyd/Cloisite 30B against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells was shown by the MTT assay, with a MCF-7 cell viability of 23.82 ± 1.23% after 72-hour incubation. Our results suggest that Hyd/Cloisite 30B could be used as a pH-controlled carrier to deliver anticancer Sunitinib malate.

本研究旨在通过自由基聚合法制备一种掺入了 Cloisite 30B 的丙烯酸和衣康酸羧甲基纤维素接枝共聚物水凝胶(Hyd),用于控释苹果酸舒尼替尼抗癌药物。傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、电子显微镜(TEM)和扫描电镜(SEM)点阵分析对合成样品进行了表征。Hyd和Hyd/Cloisite 30B(6 wt%)的包封效率分别为81%和93%,显示了Cloisite 30B在药物负载方面的有效性。体外药物释放研究表明,所有样品在 pH 值为 7.4 的缓冲溶液中的药物释放量均高于 pH 值为 5.5 的缓冲溶液。在 240 分钟内,Hyd/Cloisite 30B 的累积药物释放率(pH 值为 7.4 时为 94.97%)低于 Hyd(pH 值为 7.4 时为 53.71%)。此外,药物负载 Hyd/Cloisite 30B(6 wt%)对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌具有更好的抗菌活性。MTT 试验表明,Hyd/Cloisite 30B 对 MCF-7 人类乳腺癌细胞具有较高的抗癌活性,72 小时培养后,MCF-7 细胞存活率为 23.82 ± 1.23%。我们的研究结果表明,Hyd/Cloisite 30B 可用作一种 pH 值可控的载体,用于递送抗癌药物舒尼替尼苹果酸盐。
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引用次数: 0
HPV16 mutant E6/E7 construct is protective in mouse model. HPV16 突变体 E6/E7 构建物在小鼠模型中具有保护作用。
IF 3.5 3区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-024-00893-y
Maryam Moazami Goodarzi, Ghasem Mosayebi, Ali Ganji, Ehsan Raoufi, Samira Sadelaji, Saeid Babaei, Hamid Abtahi

Background: Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) infection is strongly associated with considerable parts of cervical, neck, and head cancers. Performed investigations have had moderate clinical success, so research to reach an efficient vaccine has been of great interest. In the present study, the immunization potential of a newly designed HPV-16 construct was evaluated in a mouse model.

Results: Initially, a construct containing HPV-16 mutant (m) E6/E7 fusion gene was designed and antigen produced in two platforms (i.e., DNA vaccine and recombinant protein). Subsequently, the immunogenicity of these platforms was investigated in five mice) C57BL/6 (groups based on several administration strategies. Three mice groups were immunized recombinant protein, DNA vaccine, and a combination of them, and two other groups were negative controls. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) proliferation, Interleukin-5 (IL-5) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) cytokines, IgG1 and IgG2a antibody levels were measured. After two weeks, TC-1 tumor cells were injected into all mice groups, and subsequently further analysis of tumor growth and metastasis and mice survival were performed according to the schedule. Overall, the results obtained from in vitro immunology and tumor cells challenging assays indicated the potential of the mE6/E7 construct as an HPV16 therapeutic vaccine candidate. The results demonstrated a significant increase in IFN-γ cytokine (P value < 0.05) in the Protein/Protein (D) and DNA/Protein (E) groups. This finding was in agreement with in vivo assays. Control groups show a 10.5-fold increase (P value < 0.001) and (C) DNA/DNA group shows a 2.5-fold increase (P value < 0.01) in tumor growth compared to D and E groups. Also, a significant increase in survival of D and E (P value < 0.001) and C (P value < 0.01) groups were observed.

Conclusions: So, according to the findings, the recombinant protein could induce stronger protection compared to the DNA vaccine form. Protein/Protein and DNA/Protein are promising administration strategies for presenting this construct to develop an HPV-16 therapeutic vaccine candidate.

背景:人乳头瘤病毒 16 型(HPV-16)感染与相当一部分宫颈癌、颈癌和头癌密切相关。已开展的研究在临床上取得了一定的成功,因此研究高效疫苗一直备受关注。本研究在小鼠模型中评估了新设计的 HPV-16 基因构建体的免疫潜力:结果:最初,研究人员设计了一种含有 HPV-16 突变体(m)E6/E7 融合基因的构建体,并通过两种平台(即 DNA 疫苗和重组蛋白)生产了抗原。随后,在五只小鼠(C57BL/6)中根据几种给药策略研究了这些平台的免疫原性。三组小鼠免疫了重组蛋白、DNA 疫苗和它们的组合,另外两组为阴性对照。测定外周血单核细胞(PBMC)增殖、白细胞介素-5(IL-5)和干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)细胞因子、IgG1 和 IgG2a 抗体水平。两周后,向各组小鼠注射 TC-1 肿瘤细胞,然后按照计划进一步分析肿瘤生长和转移情况以及小鼠存活率。总体而言,体外免疫学和肿瘤细胞挑战实验的结果表明,mE6/E7构建体具有作为HPV16治疗性候选疫苗的潜力。结果表明,IFN-γ 细胞因子明显增加(P 值结论):因此,根据研究结果,与 DNA 疫苗形式相比,重组蛋白能产生更强的保护作用。蛋白质/蛋白质和 DNA/蛋白质是开发 HPV-16 治疗性候选疫苗的有前途的给药策略。
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引用次数: 0
Orange peel-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles with antioxidant and antitumor activities. 橘皮介导的具有抗氧化和抗肿瘤活性的银纳米粒子的合成。
IF 3.5 3区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-024-00892-z
Bardees Mickky, Heba Elsaka, Muhammad Abbas, Ahmed Gebreil, Reham Shams Eldeen

Orange (Citrus sinensis L.) is a common fruit crop widely distributed worldwide with the peel of its fruits representing about 50% of fruit mass. In the current study, orange peel was employed to mediate the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in a low-cost green approach. Aqueous extracts of suitably-processed peel were prepared using different extraction methods; and their phytochemical profile was identified. Based on phytochemical screening, amount of main phytochemicals, free radical-scavenging ability, reducing power and antioxidant activity, the peel extract prepared by boiling seemed to be the most promising. Thus, major compounds of this extract were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Potency of the peel extract to mediate the synthesis of AgNPs was then monitored by visual observation, UV-visible spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, transmission electron microscopy and zetametry. Color change of the reaction mixture to brown and absorption peak at 450 nm indicated AgNPs formation. Characterization of AgNPs revealed spherical shape, size of 30-40 nm, zeta potential of -18.2 mV and yield conversion of 82%. The as-synthesized AgNPs had antioxidant capacity (free radical-scavenging ability, reducing power and antioxidant activity) lower than that of the orange peel extract. However, these biogenic AgNPs had antitumor activity (IC50 of 16 ppm against HCT-116 and 1.6 ppm against HepG2 cell lines) much higher than the peel extract that was completely non-toxic to the considered cell lines.

橘子(Citrus sinensis L.)是一种常见的水果作物,广泛分布于世界各地,其果皮约占果实质量的 50%。在当前的研究中,橘子皮被用来以低成本的绿色方法合成银纳米粒子(AgNPs)。采用不同的提取方法制备了经过适当加工的果皮水提取物,并对其植物化学成分进行了鉴定。根据植物化学筛选、主要植物化学成分的含量、清除自由基的能力、还原力和抗氧化活性,煮沸法制备的果皮提取物似乎最有前途。因此,通过气相色谱-质谱法对这种提取物的主要化合物进行了鉴定。然后,通过肉眼观察、紫外-可见光谱、能量色散 X 射线分析、透射电子显微镜和 zetametry 法监测了果皮提取物合成 AgNPs 的能力。反应混合物的颜色变为棕色,450 纳米波长处出现吸收峰,这表明形成了 AgNPs。AgNPs 的表征显示其呈球形,大小为 30-40 nm,Zeta 电位为 -18.2 mV,收率转化率为 82%。合成的 AgNPs 的抗氧化能力(自由基清除能力、还原力和抗氧化活性)低于橙皮提取物。然而,这些生物源 AgNPs 的抗肿瘤活性(对 HCT-116 细胞株的 IC50 值为 16 ppm,对 HepG2 细胞株的 IC50 值为 1.6 ppm)远高于对上述细胞株完全无毒的果皮提取物。
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引用次数: 0
Kinetics of cellulase-free endo xylanase hyper-synthesis by Aspergillus Niger using wheat bran as a potential solid substrate. 尼日尔曲霉以麦麸为潜在固体底物进行不含纤维素酶的内切木聚糖酶超合成的动力学。
IF 3.5 3区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-024-00895-w
Sikander Ali, Pakeeza Noor, Muhammad Usman Ahmad, Qaiser Farid Khan, Kaynat William, Iram Liaqat, Tawaf Ali Shah, Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli, Youssouf Ali Younous, Mohammed Bourhia

The present study deals with the production of cellulase-free endoxylanase by Aspergillus niger ISL-9 using wheat bran as a solid substrate. Endoxylanase was produced under a solid-state fermentation. Various growth parameters were optimized for the improved production of the enzyme. The Substrate level of 15 g was optimized as it provided the fungus with balanced aeration and nutrition. Among the six moisture contents investigated, Moisture Content 5 (MC5) was optimized (g/l: malt extract, 10; (NH4)2HPO4, 2.5; urea, 1.0) and 10 mL of MC5 was found to give the highest production of endoxylanase. The pH and time of incubation were optimized to 6.2 and 48 h respectively. The Inoculum size of 2 mL (1.4 × 106 spores/mL) gave the maximum enzyme production. After optimization of these growth parameters, a significantly high endoxylanase activity of 21.87 U/g was achieved. Very negligible Carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) activity was observed indicating the production of cellulase-free endoxylanase. The notable finding is that the endoxylanase activity was increased by 1.4-fold under optimized conditions (p ≤ 0.05). The overall comparison of kinetic parameters for enhanced production of endoxylanase by A. niger ISL-9 under Solid State Fermentation (SSF) was also studied. Different kinetic variables which included specific growth rate, product yield coefficients, volumetric rates and specific rates were observed at 48, 72 and 96 h incubation time and were compared for MC1 and MC5. Among the kinetic parameters, the most significant result was obtained with volumetric rate constant for product formation (Qp) that was found to be optimum (1.89 U/h) at 72 h incubation period and a high value of Qp i.e.1.68 U/h was also observed at 48 h incubation period. Thus, the study demonstrates a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable process for xylanase production and exhibits scope towards successful industrial applications.

本研究涉及黑曲霉 ISL-9 以麦麸为固体底物生产不含纤维素酶的内切酶。内切酶是在固态发酵条件下生产的。为提高酶的产量,对各种生长参数进行了优化。基质水平为 15 克是最佳选择,因为它为真菌提供了均衡的通气和营养。在调查的六种水分含量中,水分含量 5 (MC5) 得到了优化(克/升:麦芽提取物,10;(NH4)2HPO4,2.5;尿素,1.0),发现 10 毫升 MC5 能产生最高的内聚氧乙烯醚酶。pH 值和培养时间分别优化为 6.2 和 48 小时。接种量为 2 mL(1.4 × 106 个孢子/mL)时,酶产量最高。在对这些生长参数进行优化后,内切酶活性明显提高,达到 21.87 U/g 。观察到的羧甲基纤维素酶(CMCase)活性微乎其微,表明产生的是不含纤维素酶的内切酶。值得注意的是,在优化条件下,内切酶活性提高了 1.4 倍(p ≤ 0.05)。此外,还研究了在固态发酵(SSF)条件下提高黑曲霉 ISL-9 生产内含木糖酶的动力学参数的总体比较。在 48、72 和 96 小时培养时间内观察了 MC1 和 MC5 的不同动力学变量,包括特定生长速率、产物产量系数、体积速率和特定速率。在动力学参数中,产物形成的体积速率常数(Qp)的结果最为显著,72 小时培养期的 Qp 为最佳值(1.89 U/h),48 小时培养期的 Qp 值也很高,为 1.68 U/h。因此,该研究展示了一种具有成本效益和环境可持续性的木聚糖酶生产工艺,并展示了成功的工业应用前景。
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引用次数: 0
Choosing an appropriate somatic embryogenesis medium of carrot (Daucus carota L.) by data mining technology. 通过数据挖掘技术选择合适的胡萝卜(Daucus carota L.)体细胞胚胎发生培养基。
IF 3.5 3区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-024-00898-7
Masoumeh Fallah Ziarani, Masoud Tohidfar, Mohsen Hesami

Introduction: Developing somatic embryogenesis is one of the main steps in successful in vitro propagation and gene transformation in the carrot. However, somatic embryogenesis is influenced by different intrinsic (genetics, genotype, and explant) and extrinsic (e.g., plant growth regulators (PGRs), medium composition, and gelling agent) factors which cause challenges in developing the somatic embryogenesis protocol. Therefore, optimizing somatic embryogenesis is a tedious, time-consuming, and costly process. Novel data mining approaches through a hybrid of artificial neural networks (ANNs) and optimization algorithms can facilitate modeling and optimizing in vitro culture processes and thereby reduce large experimental treatments and combinations. Carrot is a model plant in genetic engineering works and recombinant drugs, and therefore it is an important plant in research works. Also, in this research, for the first time, embryogenesis in carrot (Daucus carota L.) using Genetic algorithm (GA) and data mining technology has been reviewed and analyzed.

Materials and methods: In the current study, data mining approach through multilayer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF) as two well-known ANNs were employed to model and predict embryogenic callus production in carrot based on eight input variables including carrot cultivars, agar, magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), calcium dichloride (CaCl2), manganese (II) sulfate (MnSO4), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), and kinetin (KIN). To confirm the reliability and accuracy of the developed model, the result obtained from RBF-GA model were tested in the laboratory.

Results: The results showed that RBF had better prediction efficiency than MLP. Then, the developed model was linked to a genetic algorithm (GA) to optimize the system. To confirm the reliability and accuracy of the developed model, the result of RBF-GA was experimentally tested in the lab as a validation experiment. The result showed that there was no significant difference between the predicted optimized result and the experimental result.

Conclutions: Generally, the results of this study suggest that data mining through RBF-GA can be considered as a robust approach, besides experimental methods, to model and optimize in vitro culture systems. According to the RBF-GA result, the highest somatic embryogenesis rate (62.5%) can be obtained from Nantes improved cultivar cultured on medium containing 195.23 mg/l MgSO4, 330.07 mg/l CaCl2, 18.3 mg/l MnSO4, 0.46 mg/l 2,4- D, 0.03 mg/l BAP, and 0.88 mg/l KIN. These results were also confirmed in the laboratory.

简介:体细胞胚胎发生是胡萝卜体外繁殖和基因转化成功的主要步骤之一。然而,体细胞胚胎发生受不同内在因素(遗传学、基因型和外植体)和外在因素(如植物生长调节剂、培养基成分和胶凝剂)的影响,这给制定体细胞胚胎发生方案带来了挑战。因此,优化体细胞胚胎发生是一个繁琐、耗时且成本高昂的过程。通过混合使用人工神经网络(ANN)和优化算法的新型数据挖掘方法可促进体外培养过程的建模和优化,从而减少大量的实验处理和组合。胡萝卜是基因工程和重组药物的模式植物,因此是研究工作中的重要植物。本研究首次使用遗传算法(GA)和数据挖掘技术对胡萝卜(Daucus carota L.)的胚胎发生进行了回顾和分析:在本研究中,数据挖掘方法通过多层感知器(MLP)和径向基函数(RBF)这两种著名的方差网络(ANNs)来建模和预测胡萝卜胚胎性胼胝体的产生,这两种方法基于八个输入变量,包括胡萝卜栽培品种、琼脂、硫酸镁(GA)、硼砂(GA)、硼砂(GA)、硼砂(GA)和硼砂(GA)、琼脂、硫酸镁 (MgSO4)、二氯化钙 (CaCl2)、硫酸锰 (MnSO4)、2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸 (2,4-D)、6-苄基氨基嘌呤 (BAP) 和激肽 (KIN)。为了证实所开发模型的可靠性和准确性,在实验室对 RBF-GA 模型得出的结果进行了测试:结果表明,RBF 比 MLP 有更好的预测效率。然后,将所开发的模型与遗传算法(GA)相结合,对系统进行优化。为了证实所开发模型的可靠性和准确性,RBF-GA 的结果作为验证实验在实验室进行了实验测试。结果表明,预测的优化结果与实验结果之间没有明显差异:总体而言,本研究的结果表明,除了实验方法外,通过 RBF-GA 进行数据挖掘可被视为体外培养系统建模和优化的一种稳健方法。根据 RBF-GA 的结果,在含有 195.23 毫克/升 MgSO4、330.07 毫克/升 CaCl2、18.3 毫克/升 MnSO4、0.46 毫克/升 2,4-D、0.03 毫克/升 BAP 和 0.88 毫克/升 KIN 的培养基上培养的南特改良品种体细胞胚胎发生率最高(62.5%)。这些结果也在实验室中得到了证实。
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引用次数: 0
Establishment of a novel cell line for producing replication-competent adenovirus-free adenoviruses. 建立生产无复制能力腺病毒的新型细胞系。
IF 3.5 3区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-024-00894-x
Eun Yeong Han, Yeon-Jeong Kim

Adenoviruses are commonly utilized as viral vectors for gene therapy, genetic vaccines, and recombinant protein expression. To generate replication-defective adenoviruses, E1-complementing cell lines such as HEK293A are utilized; however, limitations remain. Repeated passage of E1-deleted virus in HEK293A cells increases the occurrence of replication-competent adenoviruses (RCAs). In the present study, we developed a novel cell line originating from human primary cells. L132 cells were transduced two times with E1-encoded retrovirus and three times with E1A-encoded retrovirus. Finally, we selected the most productive L132 cell line for generation of RCA-free adenovirus, GT541. GT541 can serve as an alternative cell line to HEK293A and other adenovirus-producing cells.

腺病毒通常被用作基因治疗、基因疫苗和重组蛋白表达的病毒载体。为了产生复制缺陷型腺病毒,需要使用 HEK293A 等 E1 互补细胞系;但这仍然存在局限性。在 HEK293A 细胞中重复通过 E1 缺失病毒会增加复制能力腺病毒(RCA)的出现。在本研究中,我们开发了一种源自人类原代细胞的新型细胞系。我们用 E1 编码的逆转录病毒对 L132 细胞进行了两次转导,用 E1A 编码的逆转录病毒进行了三次转导。最后,我们选择了产量最高的 L132 细胞系来生成不含 RCA 的腺病毒 GT541。GT541 可作为 HEK293A 和其他生产腺病毒细胞的替代细胞系。
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引用次数: 0
Preparation and preliminary application of fluorescent microsphere test strips for feline parvovirus antibodies. 猫细小病毒抗体荧光微球试纸的制备和初步应用。
IF 3.5 3区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-024-00900-2
Jinyuan Shang, Manping Yan, Xiaohao Zhang, Wei Liu, Shun Wu, Zhenjun Wang, Li Yi, Chunxia Wang, Erkai Feng, Yuening Cheng, Guoliang Luo

This study introduces a novel diagnostic modality for the detection of feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) antibodies in feline serum by using fluorescent microsphere immunochromatographic test strips (FM-ICTS). Leveraging the inherent specificity of antigen-antibody interactions, the FM-ICTS approach demonstrates considerable potential for efficient and accurate FPV antibody detection within a short timeframe. The FM-ICTS method demonstrates strong diagnostic performance, with consistent accuracy and stability over time. PBS buffer dilution enables detection across the range of FPV antibody haemagglutination inhibition (HI) titres in both healthy and immunized or infected cats. A high correlation (R² = 0.9733) between the T/C ratio and FPV antibody titres confirms the method's effectiveness in quantifying these titres. Clinical validation with 84 samples supports its reliability by matching results with HI assays. Additionally, stability tests show that the test strips maintain performance during storage, with a coefficient of variation (CV) below 12% over three months at 25℃. This innovative FM-ICTS framework emerges as a promising avenue for expedient and dependable disease diagnosis within the realm of veterinary science, offering implications for timely disease management and surveillance.

本研究利用荧光微球免疫层析试纸条(FM-ICTS)介绍了一种检测猫血清中猫泛白细胞减少症病毒(FPV)抗体的新型诊断方法。利用抗原-抗体相互作用的固有特异性,FM-ICTS 方法在短时间内高效、准确地检测 FPV 抗体方面具有相当大的潜力。FM-ICTS 方法具有很强的诊断性能,准确性和稳定性始终如一。用 PBS 缓冲液稀释可检测健康猫、免疫猫或感染猫的各种 FPV 抗体血凝抑制滴度(HI)。T/C 比值与 FPV 抗体滴度之间的高度相关性(R² = 0.9733)证实了该方法在量化这些滴度方面的有效性。84 份样本的临床验证结果与 HI 检测结果一致,证明了该方法的可靠性。此外,稳定性测试表明,试纸在 25℃ 下保存三个月后,变异系数(CV)仍能保持在 12% 以下。这种创新的 FM-ICTS 框架是在兽医科学领域内进行快速、可靠的疾病诊断的一条大有可为的途径,对疾病的及时管理和监测具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
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BMC Biotechnology
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