Pub Date : 2018-12-03DOI: 10.1017/s0305862x00022494
Hannah Grayson, P. Rukesha
Digital archives in Rwanda are at the heart of national and international projects. This article traces two areas - education and research - in which the Genocide Archive of Rwanda is being used for awareness-raising, skills development, and interdisciplinary research. We discuss ‘Education for Sustainable Peace in Rwanda’, a three year programme initiated by the Aegis Trust, and ‘Rwandan Stories of Change’, a collaborative research project based at the University of St Andrews. These illustrate the value and potential of using an archive, and demonstrate how that archive is being developed as Rwanda as a nation continues to shift and change. We highlight the scope for impactful collaboration and the central importance of storytelling and testimony.
{"title":"Digital Archives in a Changing Rwanda","authors":"Hannah Grayson, P. Rukesha","doi":"10.1017/s0305862x00022494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x00022494","url":null,"abstract":"Digital archives in Rwanda are at the heart of national and international projects. This article traces two areas - education and research - in which the Genocide Archive of Rwanda is being used for awareness-raising, skills development, and interdisciplinary research. We discuss ‘Education for Sustainable Peace in Rwanda’, a three year programme initiated by the Aegis Trust, and ‘Rwandan Stories of Change’, a collaborative research project based at the University of St Andrews. These illustrate the value and potential of using an archive, and demonstrate how that archive is being developed as Rwanda as a nation continues to shift and change. We highlight the scope for impactful collaboration and the central importance of storytelling and testimony.","PeriodicalId":89063,"journal":{"name":"African research & documentation","volume":"131 1","pages":"15-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42246712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.1017/s0305862x00022998
Kalle Laajala, M. Åkesson, Nicklas Hållén
This text is about an ongoing research project about contemporary African literature that circulates outside the infrastructures of the global book market. The researchers involved in the project a ...
{"title":"African Street Literature and the Future of Literary Form","authors":"Kalle Laajala, M. Åkesson, Nicklas Hållén","doi":"10.1017/s0305862x00022998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x00022998","url":null,"abstract":"This text is about an ongoing research project about contemporary African literature that circulates outside the infrastructures of the global book market. The researchers involved in the project a ...","PeriodicalId":89063,"journal":{"name":"African research & documentation","volume":"1 1","pages":"12-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56843507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.1017/s0305862x00020653
Oliver Coates
Isaac Fadoyebo's Second World War memoir A Stroke of Unbelievable Luck is an unusual and compelling memoir of a West African soldier's Second World War service. Although much of Fadoyebo's narrative centres on the Second World War, the memoir as a whole has much more to offer. Fadoyebo uses his military service to structure a narrative that covers much of his life until the 1980s. Although this coverage is not systematic, it leaves the reader with a vivid impression of Fadoyebo's upbringing, education, post-war career, and his positioning of the past from the vantage point of old-age. This article will focus on the role of travel, showing how the constraints of military service and wartime shaped a distinct descriptive language. It will argue that this language is characterised by attention to the particular. More specifically, it will show how the particular becomes especially important when the ‘bigger picture’ of movements, motivations and landscapes remains unknown to the soldiers.
{"title":"The Particular and the Work of Retrospection in Isaac Fadoyebo's ‘A Stroke of Unbelievable Luck’","authors":"Oliver Coates","doi":"10.1017/s0305862x00020653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x00020653","url":null,"abstract":"Isaac Fadoyebo's Second World War memoir A Stroke of Unbelievable Luck is an unusual and compelling memoir of a West African soldier's Second World War service. Although much of Fadoyebo's narrative centres on the Second World War, the memoir as a whole has much more to offer. Fadoyebo uses his military service to structure a narrative that covers much of his life until the 1980s. Although this coverage is not systematic, it leaves the reader with a vivid impression of Fadoyebo's upbringing, education, post-war career, and his positioning of the past from the vantage point of old-age. This article will focus on the role of travel, showing how the constraints of military service and wartime shaped a distinct descriptive language. It will argue that this language is characterised by attention to the particular. More specifically, it will show how the particular becomes especially important when the ‘bigger picture’ of movements, motivations and landscapes remains unknown to the soldiers.","PeriodicalId":89063,"journal":{"name":"African research & documentation","volume":"1 1","pages":"45-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56842973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.1017/s0305862x00021397
Birgitte Jansen
{"title":"SCECSAL XXI - a brief summary","authors":"Birgitte Jansen","doi":"10.1017/s0305862x00021397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x00021397","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89063,"journal":{"name":"African research & documentation","volume":"1 1","pages":"49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56843265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.1017/s0305862x00020641
Maria Sienkiewiecz, Billy Frank
Barclays’ international business was founded in 1925 as Barclays Bank (Dominion, Colonial and Overseas). The roots of the business lay in three 19th century banks: the Anglo-Egyptian, the Colonial, and the National Bank of South Africa. It had long been the dream of Barclays Chairman, Frederick Goodenough, to create an ‘Empire Bank’, and by buying these three and merging them, that is precisely what he achieved. This article sets out to provide an overview of the collection and suggest avenues of future research.
巴克莱的国际业务成立于1925年，当时名为巴克莱银行(Dominion, Colonial and Overseas)。该业务起源于19世纪的三家银行:盎格鲁-埃及银行、殖民地银行和南非国家银行。创建一家“帝国银行”一直是巴克莱董事长弗雷德里克•古迪纳夫(Frederick Goodenough)的梦想，通过收购这三家银行并将它们合并，他实现了这一梦想。本文旨在提供一个概述的收集和建议的途径，未来的研究。
{"title":"An Eagle Eye: Africa in the 20th Century as viewed through the archives of Barclays Bank","authors":"Maria Sienkiewiecz, Billy Frank","doi":"10.1017/s0305862x00020641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x00020641","url":null,"abstract":"Barclays’ international business was founded in 1925 as Barclays Bank (Dominion, Colonial and Overseas). The roots of the business lay in three 19th century banks: the Anglo-Egyptian, the Colonial, and the National Bank of South Africa. It had long been the dream of Barclays Chairman, Frederick Goodenough, to create an ‘Empire Bank’, and by buying these three and merging them, that is precisely what he achieved. This article sets out to provide an overview of the collection and suggest avenues of future research.","PeriodicalId":89063,"journal":{"name":"African research & documentation","volume":"1 1","pages":"29-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56842928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.1017/s0305862x00020665
Rebecca Jones
Since the turn of the millennium a crop of travel books by Africans or Africans in diaspora describing their travels within Africa have appeared to assert a fresh African self-representation in travel writing. Noo Saro-Wiwa's travel book Looking for Transwonderland (2012) tells the story of British-Nigerian journalist and travel writer Saro-Wiwa's travels around Nigeria for the first time since the death of her father Ken Saro-Wiwa. Looking for Transwonderland describes Saro-Wiwa's journey all over Nigeria, from Lagos to the north via the east and southwest, including a stop in her father's village in Ogoniland. Saro-Wiwa represents herself as a pioneer, one of the first travel writers of western-published, tourist-oriented travel writing about a country which in global tourism terms is “this final frontier that has perhaps received fewer voluntary visitors than outer space” (p.8).
{"title":"‘Nigeria is my Playground’: Pẹlu Awofẹsọ's Nigerian travel writing","authors":"Rebecca Jones","doi":"10.1017/s0305862x00020665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x00020665","url":null,"abstract":"Since the turn of the millennium a crop of travel books by Africans or Africans in diaspora describing their travels within Africa have appeared to assert a fresh African self-representation in travel writing. Noo Saro-Wiwa's travel book Looking for Transwonderland (2012) tells the story of British-Nigerian journalist and travel writer Saro-Wiwa's travels around Nigeria for the first time since the death of her father Ken Saro-Wiwa. Looking for Transwonderland describes Saro-Wiwa's journey all over Nigeria, from Lagos to the north via the east and southwest, including a stop in her father's village in Ogoniland. Saro-Wiwa represents herself as a pioneer, one of the first travel writers of western-published, tourist-oriented travel writing about a country which in global tourism terms is “this final frontier that has perhaps received fewer voluntary visitors than outer space” (p.8).","PeriodicalId":89063,"journal":{"name":"African research & documentation","volume":"1 1","pages":"65-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56842986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.1017/s0305862x0002063x
Gerald Brisch
This contribution represents a short introduction to the African travel notebooks, or ‘Chronicles’, of Mabel Virginia Anna Bent (1847-1929) - wife of the explorer James Theodore Bent (1852-1887) - and some of the resources consulted during research into the publication of these notebooks. What follows is based on a presentation made at the SCOLMA conference, the University of Birmingham, on 2 July 2014.The 19th century is studded with the derring-do of explorers in Africa and elsewhere, but we have relatively few first-hand records of husband-and-wife partnerships. And Mabel and Theodore Bent really were one of the great British travelling partnerships in terms of their results, the distances covered, and the sheer physical efforts involved over a period of nearly twenty years of journeying together between 1880 and 1897. In particular, Theodore's work in today's Zimbabwe made the couple into explorer-celebrities, and accounts of them at travellers’ soirées, or sharing passenger lists with famous names, such as Stanley, are common. The couple regularly feature in the major relevant bibliographies - archaeological, ethnographical, and travel - to this day.
{"title":"Tackling Africa: the resourceful Mrs J. Theodore Bent","authors":"Gerald Brisch","doi":"10.1017/s0305862x0002063x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x0002063x","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution represents a short introduction to the African travel notebooks, or ‘Chronicles’, of Mabel Virginia Anna Bent (1847-1929) - wife of the explorer James Theodore Bent (1852-1887) - and some of the resources consulted during research into the publication of these notebooks. What follows is based on a presentation made at the SCOLMA conference, the University of Birmingham, on 2 July 2014.The 19th century is studded with the derring-do of explorers in Africa and elsewhere, but we have relatively few first-hand records of husband-and-wife partnerships. And Mabel and Theodore Bent really were one of the great British travelling partnerships in terms of their results, the distances covered, and the sheer physical efforts involved over a period of nearly twenty years of journeying together between 1880 and 1897. In particular, Theodore's work in today's Zimbabwe made the couple into explorer-celebrities, and accounts of them at travellers’ soirées, or sharing passenger lists with famous names, such as Stanley, are common. The couple regularly feature in the major relevant bibliographies - archaeological, ethnographical, and travel - to this day.","PeriodicalId":89063,"journal":{"name":"African research & documentation","volume":"1 1","pages":"11-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56842918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.1017/s0305862x00020720
R. Wiltshire
This paper is based on a talk given to SCOLMA on the 3 November 2014 by Maureen Roberts, Senior Development Officer and Richard Wiltshire, Senior Archivist Business Archives at London Metropolitan Archives.This article explores sources on Africa in the collections at London Metropolitan Archives and highlights the strong links London had with the African continent and its people. Particular focus is given to the archives of Standard Chartered Bank, and of Eric and Jessica Huntley, Black publishers and to associated cataloguing and outreach projects the repository has been involved in.Based in Clerkenwell, London Metropolitan Archives is the largest local authority archive in the United Kingdom and holds over 105 linear shelf kilometres of archives. Managed by the City of London Corporation, London Metropolitan Archives collects records relating to pan-Greater London and the City of London Square mile. London Metropolitan Archives is open to the public as a free service for all including family historians, academics, school children, community and other user groups.
{"title":"Looking for Africa: Sources in London Archives at London Metropolitan Archives (LMA)","authors":"R. Wiltshire","doi":"10.1017/s0305862x00020720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x00020720","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is based on a talk given to SCOLMA on the 3 November 2014 by Maureen Roberts, Senior Development Officer and Richard Wiltshire, Senior Archivist Business Archives at London Metropolitan Archives.This article explores sources on Africa in the collections at London Metropolitan Archives and highlights the strong links London had with the African continent and its people. Particular focus is given to the archives of Standard Chartered Bank, and of Eric and Jessica Huntley, Black publishers and to associated cataloguing and outreach projects the repository has been involved in.Based in Clerkenwell, London Metropolitan Archives is the largest local authority archive in the United Kingdom and holds over 105 linear shelf kilometres of archives. Managed by the City of London Corporation, London Metropolitan Archives collects records relating to pan-Greater London and the City of London Square mile. London Metropolitan Archives is open to the public as a free service for all including family historians, academics, school children, community and other user groups.","PeriodicalId":89063,"journal":{"name":"African research & documentation","volume":"1 1","pages":"29-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56842534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.1017/s0305862x00020677
C. Pearson
The impact of postcolonial criticism on discussions about ‘representations of the Other’ has been felt far beyond the academic sphere, and has had significant influence on a wide variety of cultural forms. Contemporary informal writing practices such as those found on travel and aid blogs employ terminology and ideas that stem directly from the theoretical frameworks developed by critics such as Said, Pratt and Spurr (1978; 1992; 1993). The blogs Stuff Expat Aid Workers Like (henceforth SEAWL) and Gurl Goes to Africa seek to highlight and critique examples of ‘orientalism’ and ‘exotification’ found in other travel blogs, and therefore to draw a comparison between the discourse of colonial travellers and missionaries and that of young ‘gap-year’ travellers and aid workers. These blogs form part of a wider internet trend of satirising the pretensions of privileged ‘Western’ travellers. One example is the comedy sketch video ‘Gap Yah’ (which has been viewed more than five million times on Youtube since its posting in 2010).
后殖民批评对“他者的表征”的讨论的影响已经远远超出了学术领域，并对各种文化形式产生了重大影响。当代的非正式写作实践，如在旅行和援助博客上发现的那些，使用的术语和思想直接源于Said, Pratt和Spurr (1978;1992;1993)。“Stuff Expat Aid Workers Like”(以下简称“SEAWL”)和“girl Goes to Africa”这两个博客试图强调和批判其他旅行博客中出现的“东方主义”和“异国情调”的例子，从而将殖民旅行者和传教士的话语与年轻“间隔年”旅行者和援助工作者的话语进行比较。这些博客构成了一个更广泛的互联网趋势，即讽刺享有特权的“西方”旅行者的自命不凡。喜剧小品视频《Gap Yah》就是一个例子(自2010年在Youtube上发布以来，该视频已被观看了500多万次)。
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Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.1017/s0305862x00021385
Gwilym Colenso
Accounts of the 1907 deputation of Basuto chiefs to Britain have tended to focus on events in South Africa prior to the deputation's departure, and on the negotiations which took place once the deputation was in Britain.1 Less attention has been paid to the planning and preparation by sympathisers in Britain in anticipation of the arrival of the deputation in the metropole.The chiefs were from the Batlokoa and Bakhulukwe chiefdoms.2 They travelled to Britain to pursue a grievance concerning their being dispossessed of large tracts of land which they and their followers had previously occupied in the Orange River Colony (ORC) in South Africa. When they arrived in Britain in January 1907 there was a readymade support network waiting for them. This article seeks to explain how the chiefs came to benefit from such a well organised reception in Britain. I will examine evidence revealing some of the detail of the planning and preparation for the arrival of the deputation and the steps taken to promote and advocate their cause during their first few weeks in Britain, up to their meeting with, and presentation of their petition to, the Secretary of State for the Colonies.The arrangements made to receive the deputation in Britain included the formation of a committee who were informed about, and well disposed to support, the chiefs' cause. Members of this committee were drawn in large part from the British-based humanitarian organisation, the 'League of Universal Brotherhood and Native Races Association' (LUB), who acted as a sort of political host for the deputation when they arrived in Britain.3 The LUB were working closely with the Caribbean born political activist, Sylvester Williams, who was then based in London.In most secondary accounts of the Basuto deputation it is not clear how the connection was made between the LUB and the deputation.4 Mathurin and, following him, Sherwood, suggest that Sylvester Williams first became involved with the case of the Basuto chiefs during his recent visit to South Africa in 1903-4 when he met King Lerothodi of the Basuto.5 However, although the Batlokoa were originally from Basutoland, by the 1850s they had broken away from the followers of the Basuto leader, Moshoeshoe, in Basutoland, and had established themselves on land in the neighbouring Boer republic, the Orange Free State (OFS). The Bakhulukwe, originally from Zululand, also settled in the area. Both the Batlokoa and Bakhulukwe were induced to fight alongside the Boers in the war of 1867-68 between the Free State and Moshoeshoe and, in return for military service and the payment of cattle, had understood themselves to have been granted the land that they were already settled on in the OFS. However, after serving with the British in the Anglo-Zulu war of 1879 against the wishes of the Boers, they were forcibly evicted. By the time of Sylvester Williams' visit to South Africa, they had become relocated in Natal and Cape Colony, outside the former OFS (rename
{"title":"A Case of Painstaking Planning and Preparation: the reception of the 1907 deputation of Basuto Chiefs in Britain","authors":"Gwilym Colenso","doi":"10.1017/s0305862x00021385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x00021385","url":null,"abstract":"Accounts of the 1907 deputation of Basuto chiefs to Britain have tended to focus on events in South Africa prior to the deputation's departure, and on the negotiations which took place once the deputation was in Britain.1 Less attention has been paid to the planning and preparation by sympathisers in Britain in anticipation of the arrival of the deputation in the metropole.The chiefs were from the Batlokoa and Bakhulukwe chiefdoms.2 They travelled to Britain to pursue a grievance concerning their being dispossessed of large tracts of land which they and their followers had previously occupied in the Orange River Colony (ORC) in South Africa. When they arrived in Britain in January 1907 there was a readymade support network waiting for them. This article seeks to explain how the chiefs came to benefit from such a well organised reception in Britain. I will examine evidence revealing some of the detail of the planning and preparation for the arrival of the deputation and the steps taken to promote and advocate their cause during their first few weeks in Britain, up to their meeting with, and presentation of their petition to, the Secretary of State for the Colonies.The arrangements made to receive the deputation in Britain included the formation of a committee who were informed about, and well disposed to support, the chiefs' cause. Members of this committee were drawn in large part from the British-based humanitarian organisation, the 'League of Universal Brotherhood and Native Races Association' (LUB), who acted as a sort of political host for the deputation when they arrived in Britain.3 The LUB were working closely with the Caribbean born political activist, Sylvester Williams, who was then based in London.In most secondary accounts of the Basuto deputation it is not clear how the connection was made between the LUB and the deputation.4 Mathurin and, following him, Sherwood, suggest that Sylvester Williams first became involved with the case of the Basuto chiefs during his recent visit to South Africa in 1903-4 when he met King Lerothodi of the Basuto.5 However, although the Batlokoa were originally from Basutoland, by the 1850s they had broken away from the followers of the Basuto leader, Moshoeshoe, in Basutoland, and had established themselves on land in the neighbouring Boer republic, the Orange Free State (OFS). The Bakhulukwe, originally from Zululand, also settled in the area. Both the Batlokoa and Bakhulukwe were induced to fight alongside the Boers in the war of 1867-68 between the Free State and Moshoeshoe and, in return for military service and the payment of cattle, had understood themselves to have been granted the land that they were already settled on in the OFS. However, after serving with the British in the Anglo-Zulu war of 1879 against the wishes of the Boers, they were forcibly evicted. By the time of Sylvester Williams' visit to South Africa, they had become relocated in Natal and Cape Colony, outside the former OFS (rename","PeriodicalId":89063,"journal":{"name":"African research & documentation","volume":"1 1","pages":"25-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56843221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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